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Page 1: VMware: Build Tomorrow Today · It’s time to dream big. BULD TRR TDA T VAR 2. Laying the Foundation Urban Transportation Autonomous Vehicles Augmented Reality Smart Classroom Smart

Build Tomorrow Today with VMware

GET STARTED

Page 2: VMware: Build Tomorrow Today · It’s time to dream big. BULD TRR TDA T VAR 2. Laying the Foundation Urban Transportation Autonomous Vehicles Augmented Reality Smart Classroom Smart

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Augmented RealitySmart ClassroomSmart Farming

Blockchain Digital Foundation

Laying the Foundation for an Empowered Digital World By 2050, 68 percent of the earth’s population will live in urban areas—a result of billions of people moving from rural areas into cities. Meanwhile, the digital revolution—the shift from the analog world of the 1960s to the all-digital culture of today—means that society now comprises multiple generations of people whose reliance on and expectations of technology differ hugely from one generation to the next.

Digitalization provides opportunities for governments and businesses to reimagine communities, schools and workplaces to be more accessible and inclusive, allowing all citizens equal opportunities to thrive. Using new and emerging technologies, governments and businesses can collaborate to quickly build smart communities, smart infrastructures and smart workplaces.

In fact, there are new technologies in use today to advance communities. They include augmented reality (AR), which lets workers see and interact with virtual objects for on-the-job instruction; the Internet of Things (IoT), which is turning the ancient practice of farming into precision agriculture; and blockchain technology, which is helping more adults participate in the global economy. These advances are supported by a digital foundation that enables businesses to deliver any app to any device with any cloud.

Explore this eBook to learn how organizations, businesses and governments around the world are realizing new possibilities by combining emerging technologies with rapidly evolving cloud, mobility and networking technologies.

It’s time to dream big.

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Using Future Tech to Build Efficient Urban Transportation The evolution of mass transit is fueled by the technological advances of the day. From the first cable cars, to steam-powered trains, to motor buses powered by internal combustion engines, public transport has relied on new technology to move citizens from A to B, quickly and comfortably.

Today, some cities of the world use innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI), cloud and IoT to help them provide expansive networks of fast and efficient public transport systems. London, Hong Kong and Zurich are three cities with public transport systems that are the envy of the world.

London: The networked cityLondon’s public transport system is one of the oldest in the world, dating back to the 1800s. And it’s one of the busiest: The London Underground alone handles up to 5 million passenger journeys every day.

In 2018, the mayor of London appointed the capital’s first chief digital officer. Together with Transport for London (TfL), the agency that oversees London’s public transport system, the mayor’s office is using and testing advanced technologies to improve the travel experience for citizens and tourists.

For example, the TfL uses data science and predictive analytics to identify the causes of train disruptions on the Underground and predict when these failures will occur. Predictive maintenance is expected to save TfL £3 million a year, according to TfL.

TfL is also leveraging virtual reality to train new underground transit drivers. Moreover, the agency is looking at AI to help improve the flow of passengers and transit at stations. Together with the passenger journey travel data that the agency collects, these technologies enable TfL to design a system that better copes with millions of additional passengers and major disruptions such as bridge and station closures.

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Hong Kong: AI and the mass transit railwayImagine a world where you’re never late for work due to train delays and track maintenance. That world already exists in Hong Kong, and the reason is AI. The AI Engine that controls and monitors scheduling for engineering projects on Hong Kong’s Mass Transit Railway (MTR) network has achieved a 99.9 percent on-time record, with trains running every 1.9 minutes during rush hour on the busiest subway line.

The AI Engine uses a scheduling algorithm that maximizes the amount of engineering works that can be done using available MTR resources, such as personnel, equipment, space and time. This allows MTR to do more with less.

The AI Engine first encodes all of the MTR’s safety rules and regulations and then Hong Kong’s government statutory requirements. But the secret ingredient that makes the system so unique and successful is the operational knowledge and expertise from human engineers with over a decade of experience.

Zurich: A city devoted to mobilityThe city’s transit, Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich (VBZ), has a reputation of being clean, efficient and attractive. Zurich’s streets, on the other hand, are often congested, due to the large population of people moving about the city. According to the Swiss Federal Statistical Office, one in every two people who live in Zurich commute to work or school using public transport.

The Strategien Zurich 2025, a framework devised by the government for long-term sustainable development, highlights the city’s devotion to a mobility plan. According to the framework, the keys to success will be giving preference at streetlights to trams and buses, creating special traffic lanes for public vehicles, and improving pedestrian and bicycle traffic safety. The high usage of the VBZ makes it sustainable in another sense, too, as the system generates more than enough to pay for maintenance and repairs.

Up next: What’s the tech inside autonomous vehicles?

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Autonomous Vehicles: Are You Ready for the New Ride?The self-driving car revolution is about to shift into overdrive.

Car companies are joining with tech giants like Google, Uber and prominent start-ups to develop next-generation autonomous vehicles that will alter our roads and throughways and lay the groundwork for future smart cities. They’re harnessing technological advances such as machine learning, IoT and the cloud to accelerate development.

“Autonomous vehicles will help bring the city back to what it was—for people,” says Ryan Chin, cofounder of Optimus Ride, an MIT Media Lab spin-off working on self-driving technologies. As autonomous vehicles gain traction, Chin envisions an opportunity to remake the city landscape by consolidating parking, reclaiming land for parks, reducing urban congestion and traffic, and promoting overall highway safety.

Eventually, all self-driving cars will employ some combination of sensors, cameras, radar, high-performance GPS, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), AI and machine learning.

Connectivity to secure and scalable IoT, data management and cloud solutions is also important to the mix, providing a resilient and high-performance foundation on which to collect, manage and analyze voluminous sensor data.

Societal implicationsThe rise of the connected vehicle has far-reaching societal implications, from environmental benefits to improved safety. Fewer cars on the road means reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

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Self-driving cars are also poised to open up a whole new economic chapter in what Intel and research firm Strategy Analytics are calling the Passenger Economy. In this trend, valued at $7 trillion in revenue by 2050, drivers will become idle passengers and thus potential consumers of goods and services such as onboard beauty salons, healthcare treatment pods and multimedia content primed for on-the-go consumption. The Intel/Strategy Analytics report also predicts a world where individuals make use of self-driving cars on demand much like any other utility service.

Software will be the key enabler of autonomous vehicles, allowing for instantaneous new-feature updates, but also serving as the mechanism for personalizing the experience and programming the vehicle’s performance.

As more autonomous vehicles hit the streets, city planners will accelerate plans to modernize highways and thoroughfares with smart technology for road signs, traffic lights and merge lanes—all in an effort to reduce congestion and increase public safety.

“For decades, we thought we’d get to smart highways by making highways smart, but there’s been a huge chicken-and-egg problem,” says David Tennenhouse, chief research officer for VMware. “With autonomous vehicles that can navigate existing infrastructure and talk to each other as they do [through vehicle-to-vehicle communications], we can get more efficiency out of roads. Then we will ultimately have smart infrastructure to go with the smart vehicles, but this gets everything started.”

Technology enablersFor both the self-driving cars and the smart roadway systems, endpoint telemetry, smart software and cloud are essential enablers. The onboard cameras and sensors on an autonomous vehicle collect vast amounts of data, which must be processed in real time to keep the vehicle in the right lane and operating safely as it heads to its destination.

There’s a lot of local data processing that must occur in real time, including the computations necessary to keep the car in its lane. At the same time, there are processing tasks that can happen

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remotely in the cloud, such as software updates and learning model upgrades. A scalable, highly resilient, cloud-based infrastructure is critical for handling this type of large-scale data processing, while cloud-based data management systems and intelligent agents take charge of aggregating and analyzing the real-time telemetric data—for example, vehicle speed and surrounding car proximity—to initiate actions like braking or switching lanes.

Cloud-based networking and connectivity is another important part of the mix. Autonomous vehicles will be outfitted with onboard systems that support machine-to-machine communications, allowing them to learn from other vehicles on the road to make adjustments that account for weather changes and shifting road conditions such as detours and in-path debris. Advanced algorithms, AI and deep learning systems are central to ensuring that self-driving cars can quickly and automatically adapt to changing scenarios.

Beyond the specific components, scalability of cloud computing infrastructure—along with intelligent data management and transmission capabilities—is indispensable for ensuring all of the right information is processed properly and securely. This is especially true for destination and address data, which could be considered personally identifiable information. For example, built-in intelligence could determine if data storage and analysis happen in the cloud or onboard the vehicle in the event that the travel path crosses regions with sub-par network connectivity.

“These are data center problems,” says Tennenhouse. “The scale of the problem plays into the need for infrastructure and data management and for securing and managing the flow of data. That’s where VMware can truly add value.”

Up next: Will AR allow us to work in the office virtually?

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WHAT’S DRIVING YOUR CAR?

See all the technology that’s inside your self-driving car in our interactive infographic.

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Augmented Reality: Transforming the Way We Work Augmented reality (AR), which puts digital representations of objects into your physical space, could be the key to changing how we think about work.

AR is already being used in an immersive technology called holoportation. A special set of cameras captures an object or person in 3D, which (or who) can then be placed in a physical space anywhere in the world as a hologram. You can then hear, respond and interact with that person as if they were in the room with you. Healthcare innovators such as 3D4Medical have already used the principle to create simulated, realistic anatomical human models that students can summon in their dorm rooms and use to practice surgical procedures.

Given the increasing demand for flexible working, holoportation could be transformative. Moreover, holoportation could allow companies to connect with rare, specialized expertise instantly, no matter where they are based. And it could completely change standard office processes and interactions.

For example, Los Angeles-based DAQRI is bringing AR into the workplace with DAQRI Smart Glasses, which employees at companies like SpaceX and BMW are using to improve their workflows, according to DAQRI cofounder Gaia Dempsey.

“You have all that intelligence and tools in your AR device and you can pull down the 3D models and use them for an inspection or assembly workflow or design process as you’re going through your job building a SpaceX rocket or building a BMW car,” says Dempsey.

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Virtual learning and collaborationTraining employees for new roles could also be made easier with AR. In one case study, a Siemens employee learned how to assemble a gas burner—a process that usually takes about a day—in just 45 minutes. And Dempsey believes AR can help them retain the information better, too. “It’s not just the fact that you’re following step-by-step work instructions and you only know how to do it when the information is there,” says Dempsey. “It’s also because it’s an intuitive and kinesthetic way of conveying the information. The parts of your brain responsible for spatial awareness and pattern matching and building intuition are all getting activated, so that is staying with you after the fact.”

Beyond just training lone employees, AR could play an important role in team-oriented, high-stakes occupations—like teaching firefighters to work together under pressure, bandmates being able to practice together even if they’re miles apart, or high-level executives being able to really feel connected and collaborative when addressing a PR crisis.

An AR office could also attract specialized talent from anywhere and could cut down on the overhead costs necessitated by a physical office or the transportation of employees or talent. According to Dempsey DAQRI Show can connect your field of view to an expert anywhere in the world who can give you guidance at any time, whether you’re a driver changing a tire or a plant employee manufacturing a part.

And this new way of approaching work could also allay increasing anxiety about robots taking over human jobs, per Dempsey. “If you can imagine putting on a pair of glasses and learning how to do anything, that could transform the dynamics in the economy and the workforce,” she explains.

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Smart protective wearIn addition to on-the-job training, AR can be valuable in other work scenarios. Uvex, which operates as HexArmor in the U.S., Canada and Middle and South America, is in the business of protecting people. Uvex individual personal protective equipment augments protective wear like protective eyewear, helmets, gloves and shoes with sensors and services. With this addition, organizations can identify possible critical situations or environments for workers using AR and smart gesture control.

Safety sensors and services provide better protection for workers on construction sites and in factories and improve manufacturing processes. Personal safety use cases include sensor-enabled protective shoes that alert wearers if they are carrying something too heavy, and helmets that detect when the wearer has stumbled, slipped or fallen. Uvex plans to develop safety eyewear with integrated heads-up displays that can be controlled by the simple movement of the wearer’s hand.

Uvex aims to reduce scrap and errors in its manufacturing of high-precision safety eyewear by monitoring machines and environmental parameters to better understand the impact of environmental changes in real-time and how these changes impact production. This real-time monitoring will increase production output yield and improve product quality, as well as help to reduce Uvex's carbon footprint.

Uvex is supported by VMware Pulse IoT Center, which manages and monitors IoT sensors and gateways deployed in factories and responds to manufacturing process anomalies. It also provides over-the-air updates to the IoT infrastructure.

Up next: How are schools preparing kids of today to be digital workers of tomorrow?

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The Smart Classroom Experience in the Age of Personalized LearningDisruptive innovations that enable personalized models of education could radically transform the experience for school-age children as we know it.

For many, terms like “edtech” and “online learning” evoke a child mindlessly swiping through digital flash cards on a tablet. But forward-thinking industry experts and educators envision a much more nuanced role for technology in the classrooms of the future, in which blended learning—the combination of online learning and brick-and-mortar schools—unlocks a level of personalized, competency-based education that has long been unattainable.

Julia Freeland Fisher, director of education at the Clayton Christensen Institute, a think tank that researches disruptive innovation, has watched the term “personalized learning” explode over recent years. Her team expects that “blended learning” will soon just be called “learning,” opening the door for more flexible, individualized approaches.

As education undergoes these shifts, how will the classroom experience change to reflect them and what will the classrooms of the future be like?

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Classrooms will look like a start-up’s headquarters Today, most classrooms are compartmentalized by grade or year level and subject, with rows of desks facing a teacher. They will be replaced by flexible, open spaces where you’d be hard-pressed to find a door. As students pursue more personalized objectives, they will move freely around interconnected workspaces optimized for different learning styles rather than divided by subject.

With its interdisciplinary, mixed-age, personalized approach, Portfolio School, a New York City micro school in the U.S., offers a glimpse into this future. Portfolio’s bright open-plan space is made up of whiteboard walls covered in pupils’ scribbles like “What type of buildings is Elon Musk making?” Inside, children ages 5 to 10 flow seamlessly between the couches of the quiet reading area and the maker space, with its 3D printers and laser cutters.

The school’s design reflects and enhances the openness and flexibility that its cofounders, Doug Schachtel and Babur Habib, believe should define education. “When you lose that restriction of saying that every kid who happens to be born between these two dates has to be learning the same exact thing, just because they happen to be the same age, a lot of things are possible,” says Schachtel.

Classrooms will collect data about students—and teachersIn a world where our every click, swipe and step are tracked and analyzed, it may come as a surprise that the typical school does not do much data analysis. Because data from disparate education technologies doesn’t always integrate, education lacks the sophisticated analytics of other industries. But increased integration of technology will allow for more data tracking, which could help educators tailor their instruction to individual students’ needs. Well-analyzed data could help teachers identify struggling pupils and catch their confusion and frustration long before a scheduled evaluation.

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Teachers as curatorsSome worry that the rise of online learning will threaten the role of teachers. But proponents insist that online learning will enhance their role by freeing them of rote tasks like reviewing tests and administrative work, leaving them with more time and bandwidth for students.

Rather than providing a one-size-fits-all lesson for 30 students, teachers can act more as educational guides and curators, designing optimal learning experiences and developing relationships with pupils.

The world will enter the classroomThough much of the discourse around education focuses on content, experts think that the next big wave of disruption will be less about what students know than about who they know. Future developments will connect learners with mentors and industry experts.

Portfolio School is at the forefront of this trend; its enterprising young students have reached out to NASA engineers to discuss a unit on Mars, and New York University music education grad students have guided them in producing a soundtrack for their moviemaking project. Interacting with experts will only become more important in the future, as people must continuously master new technologies and skills throughout their careers.

Up next: How is emerging tech transforming the ancient art of farming?

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SMARTER SCHOOLS

See our infographic for how smarter s chools prepare today’s students for tomorrow’s reality.

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Smart Farming: The Internet of Growing ThingsFor more than 100 years, Sid Wainer & Son has sold specialty foods—heirloom tomatoes, green eggplants, fig-infused balsamic vinegar—throughout the New England region of the U.S. Most recently, the Wainer family’s 25-acre farm and greenhouse in southeastern Massachusetts has been a test bed for the future of agriculture.

Working with local technology incubator ImpactLABS, Wainer installed digital sensors in its freshwater wells to gauge how quickly the water level was restored after days without rain. The company also planted sensors in its greenhouses and fields to measure light, humidity and temperature. The data these sensors collect helps the farm decide how and where to plant.

For example, fields near wells that refill quickly are better choices for water-hungry crops like tomatoes and strawberries, while greenhouse sensors help gauge the optimal temperature for keeping plants healthy during the frigid winters.

Data farmingThe real value of IoT devices is in the data they collect, which is most useful when it’s run through machine learning models to generate insights and predict outcomes. That in turn requires a robust connection to data centers in the cloud, powered by virtualization.

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Agtech company Fieldin takes data from third-party IoT sensors that measure when, where and how much pesticide has been sprayed in orchards and vineyards. The company then uses that data to create the world’s largest database on pest control practices.

By aggregating and analyzing data from thousands of sprays, Fieldin can provide more precise guidance for fruit and nut growers.

CropX, Grainsense and Moocall are other innovators bringing SMS, spectral imaging and IoT, respectively, to the farmland.

Seeds of changeCropX calls its integrated hardware and software system the Internet of Soil. Its sensors measure soil conductivity (which reveals how much moisture and fertilizer is in the topsoil) and then transmit the data to the cloud via SMS. Farmers screw one sensor into the ground every 40 acres or so; the sensors help them determine the right time to irrigate, which can greatly reduce water and power consumption.

Intelligent grainsGrainSense has designed a handheld device that uses spectral imaging to determine how much protein a kernel of grain contains. Farmers can use it to determine how to optimize fertilizer and pest control and which fields to harvest first. The device also allows farmers to separate the yield into low-protein strains, which are suitable for animal feed, and higher protein ones aimed at human consumption, which can command a greater price.

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On call for cowsMoocall’s IoT-based system helps determine when cows are in heat. A bull wears a collar that tracks its activity around cows and heifers, which sport RFID ear tags. Meanwhile, the Moocall Calving Sensor monitors pregnant cows. The device employs accelerometers to track the movements of the cow’s tail to sense when the animal is about to go into labor. It then transmits this data to the cloud using a cellular connection and sends an alert to the farmer via an app, SMS or email. The remote monitoring capabilities are especially valuable since most cows give birth in the middle of the night.

Food for thoughtThe true power of IoT farm data will be felt when it’s combined with blockchain technology—enabling growers, packers, retailers and consumers to trace every product from inception to delivery. Imagine being able to scan a QR code on a piece of fruit to find out where it came from, who grew it and what happened to it every step along the way.

Up next: What technology makes transaction trust accessible to all?

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Blockchain: Making Trust Accessible to EveryoneThere’s more to Bitcoin and other electronic currencies than being another way to pay. The underlying system that makes Bitcoin tick, known as blockchain technology, could help democratize the way we store data, prove ownership and create verifiable trust relationships.

The traditional banking system typically requires multiple layers, which is both expensive and less inclusive. “On the blockchain, trust is established, not by powerful intermediaries like banks, governments and technology companies, but through mass collaboration and clever code,” according to Don and Alex Tapscott, authors of the book Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology Behind Bitcoin is Changing Money, Business and the World (Portfolio, 2016).

With an inviolable, preserved record of transactions, there’s a reduced risk of record disputes and financial pilfering. Because of that, the technology could help consumers save in banking and insurance fees. And for adults who do not have bank accounts, blockchain can help them participate in the global economy with a lower barrier of entry. All they need is a phone to send and receive money worldwide via text message at a fraction of the normal cost.

How blockchain works The blockchain is a global public database, or ledger, of transactions. When a transaction, like paying a friend, is initiated, a network of computers uses algorithms to validate that your account has enough money.

After validation, the record of your transaction—in the form of a “block” of data—is added to a chain of other people’s previous transactions. Once a transaction is made, it cannot be changed.

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While you and your friend remain anonymous, anyone can access the record of your transaction. The blockchain, if it’s applied broadly, could make the fabric that keeps the world running more reliable and accessible.

Removing barriers Blockchain could make the socioeconomic barriers that keep so many out of formal systems of recordkeeping and finance redundant. For example, Sweden is attempting to create the first blockchain-based land title registry, which could make disputes about who owns what a relic of the past. And in emergencies, when people still need to make purchases but might have all traditional forms of identification or credit swept away, the blockchain strategy is a perfect solution.

Blockchain could revolutionize information itself and make the global economy—and really, global society—easier to access and engage for people who may not have traditional paths of entry like banks or mass retail. It could renovate the financial structure of the entire world, with the potential to make it a little more equitable for everyone.

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The Digital Foundation for Tomorrow and TodayMany of the advances in this eBook are realities today. And as nations begin to deploy 5G networks that enable faster and more robust cloud connections, new innovations will spark new opportunities for people—and for their businesses, organizations, communities and governments.

The digital foundation that supports these possibilities is one that’s flexible and secure. It helps businesses integrate disruptive innovations with the technologies, processes and people you have now, while ensuring flexibility as technology and business strategies change.

A digital foundation built on VMware lets you harness new innovations effectively by providing consistent infrastructure, consistent operations and intrinsic security. It’s an architecture for transformation on your terms, and it’s essential for navigating the rapid change taking place in every industry.

Explore our website to learn more about what’s possible with a digital foundation built on VMware.

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Blockchain Digital Foundation

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Acknowledgments This e-book is based on original articles by VMware, MIT Technology Review Insights and The Atlantic. They are republished here with permission.

Read the original articles at the links below:

• The Atlantic - Building Sustainable Urban Mobility

• MIT Technology Review Insights - Autonomous Vehicles: Are You Ready for the New Ride?

• The Atlantic – Immersive Technology Could Help Change How We Work

• The Atlantic - The K-12 Classroom Experience in the Age of Personalized Learning

• The Atlantic – The Internet of Growing Things

• The Atlantic - The Blockchain Could Make Trust Accessible to Everyone

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About VMwareVMware, a leading innovator in enterprise software, powers the world’s complex digital infrastructure. The company’s compute, cloud, mobility, networking and security offerings provide a dynamic and efficient digital foundation to more than 500,000 customers globally, aided by an ecosystem of 75,000 partners.

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