vjfoUn xqIrk

js'ek cosZ

us Hkkjrh; izkS|ksfxdh laLFkk (vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh-) dkuiqj ls1975 esa ch-Vsd- dh fMxzh gkfly dhA mUgkasus foKku dh xfrfof/;ksa ij20 iqLrdsa fy[kh gSa] 160 iqLrdksa dk fgUnh esa vuqokn fd;k gS vkSjnwjn'kZu ij 125 foKku fiQYesa is'k dh gSaA mudh igyh iqLrd

dk 12 Hkkjrh;Hkk"kkvksa esa vuqokn gqvk vkSj mldh ikap yk[k ls vf/d izfr;ka fcdhaAmUgsa dbZ iqjLdkj feys gSa ftuesa cPpksa esa foKku ds izpkj&izlkj ds fy,Hkkjr ljdkj dk loZizFke jk"Vªh; iqjLdkj (1988) vkSj vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh-dkuiqj dk fMfLVaxqb'M ,yqEul vokWMZ (2000)] foKku dsyksdfiz;dj.k ds fy, bafnjk xak/h iqjLdkj (2008) vkSj FkMZ oYZM,dSMeh vkWiQ lkbafll dk vokWMZ (2010) 'kkfey gSaA

orZeku esa os iq.ks esa fLFkr vk;qdk eqDrkaxu cky foKku dsUnz esa dkedjrs gSaA mudh yksdfiz; osclkbV ij f[kykSuksavkSj iqLrdksa dk ,d fo'kky Hk.Mkj gSA

us iq.ks ds vfHkuo dyk egkfo|ky; esa O;olkf;d&dykdk vè;;u fd;k vkSj mlds ckn vusdksa cky&iqLrdksa ds fp=k cuk,A

eSpfLVd ekWM~Yl ,aM vnj lkbUl ,DlisjhesUVl

arvindguptatoys.com

;g iqLrd ukokthckbZ jru VkVk VªLV ds

vkfFkZd vuqnku ds varxZr fodflr gqbZA

dkWihjkbV% vjfoUn xqIrk vkSj cosZjs'ek

vjfoUn xqIrk

fp=k js'ek cosZ

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9

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.. .........

xfrfof/;ka

mNyrh xsan

?kwerh lhMh

gok esa >wyrk di

?kqek,a vkSj mBk,a

jcj cSaM dh xkM+h

LVªk iEi

rSjrh ?kwerh cksry

vkWVks&lk;iQu

xqCckjs&cksry dk iQOokjk

?kwerk dqvak

mQij mBrk gkFk

mQapk mBus okyk tSd

xqCckjs dh eNyh

cksry isans dh fiQjdh

fny dh fiQjdh

?kwerh cksry

?kwerh mM+u&r'rjh

?kwerk cqycqyk

thounk;h isM+

?kwerh pØkdkj cksry

rst ?kwerh cksry

fiQjdh ?kwes] xqfM+;k ukps

rkj dk iQwy

ukS ukprs ?ku

Mksj [khapks iQwy f[kykvks

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50.

mM+rh ykS

laogu dh /kjk,a

xeZ gok dk iQSyko

cjxn ds tkuoj

rSjrh xsan

nckvks vkSj ?kqekvks

gok [khaprh eksecRrh

lw;Z ls jks'ku ?kj

lrgh eki

lhdksa ds ekWMy

rhfy;ksa ls xf.kr

p<+rk vkneh

LoxZ vkSj ujd

xkaB ls dsadM+k

ekfpl esa fdruh vyx&vyx phtsa lek,axh\

dykckt canj

jax cny

pqEcdh; ia[kk

pqEcdh; di

,WMh djaV dk ia[kk

gok eas >wyrk ia[kk

Hkkj vkSj vk;ru dk laj{k.k

<Ddu dk laxhr

lkbfdy dk ifg;k

laxhre; I;kyk

1&yhVj dhIykfLVd cksry

dSaph

/kxk

<Ddu ls cksrydks 10&lsehij dkVsaA

nks jcj ds NYys

IykfLVd xsan mNyrh

xsan

fdukj ds mQij cjkcj nwjhij pkj fu'kku yxk,aA

pkjksa fu'kkuksa dks1&lseh xgjk dkVsaA

eksrh

dVs gq, fgLlksa esa nksjcj ds NYys iQlk,aAnksuksa NYys dsanz esa ØWkldk fpUg cuk,axsA

<Ddu esa ,dNksVk Nsn cuk,aA

jcj ds NYyksa ds tksM+ ij ,d /kxkcka/sa vkSj mls <Ddu ds Nsn esa lsckgj fijks,aA /kxs ds fljs ij eksrh cka/saA

5

,d NksVh IykfLVd dh xsan dksjcj ds NYyksa ds tksM+ ij j[ksaAfiQj eksrh dks uhps [khap dj NksM+saA

Xsan g

ok e

sa 5&e

hVj dh mQapkbZ r

dmN

ysxh !!!

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

mQijh n`';

f[kaps jcj NYyksa esa lafpr mQtkZls gh xsan mNyrh gSA

1

iqjkuh lhMh dkxt dk Lik;jy

eksrh/kxk

iqjkuh lhMh ds chp okys Nsn ds iklxeZ lqbZ ls nks lkiQ Nsn cuk,aA

1

dkxt ds Lik;jy dks xksan ls lhMh ij fpidk,aA

bu Nsnksa esa ls 60&lsehyEck /kxk fijks,aA

3

fp=k eas fn[kk, vuqlkjlhMh dks yVdk,aA

nwljs gkFk ls lhMhdks ?kqek,a ftlls/kxs fyiV tk,aA

eksfr;ksa dks ckgj [khapusij lhMh rsth ls ?kwesxhvkSj ml ij cuk uewukcgqr lqanj fn[ksxkA

?kwerh lhMh

2

4 5

/kxksa dksyxkrkj <hykNksM+sa vkSj[khapsaA

fyiVs /kxksa esa lafpr mQtkZls gh lhMh ?kwerh gSA

2

jcj dk xksan(iQsohckaM)

gok esa>wyrkdi

di

ubZ ekfpl

Mksjkisafly

fiQj Mksj dks isafly ij blizdkj j[ksa ftlls fd di uhpsdh vksj yVdsA vc ekfpl dksissafly ds uhps ys tk,aA vcvki nwljs gkFk esa idM+hekfpl dks NksM+ nsaA

vkidks yxsxk fd ditehu ij fxj dj VwV tk,xkAijUrq ,d vuwBh ckr gksxhAekfpl dh fMCch isafly dspkjksa vksj dbZ ckj ?kwesxhvkSj Mksj dh dbZ vycsVsaisafly ij fyiV tk,axhAblds dkj.k di tehu lstkdj ugha Vdjk,xkA

1

2

3

ekfpl dksbl fLFkfresa NksM+sa

;g iz;ksx ?k"kZ.k vkSj dks.kh;laosx ij vk/kfjr gSA

Ms<+ ehVj yEch Mksj ds,d fljs ij ekfpl dhfMCch vkSj nwljs fljs ij,d di cka/saA

3

lqbZ vkSj /kxk

uhps ls dVhisu dh uyh

80&lseh yEcs /kxs dks isu dh uyh esa fijk,aA

NksVs Hkkj (jcj) dks mQij vkSj cM+s Hkkj(pkch ds xqPNs) dks uhps cka/saA

isu dks ,d gkFk esaidM+dj NksVs Hkkj(jcj) dks xksy pDdjksaesa ?kqek,aA ?kweus ds cyds dkj.k /hjs&/hjspkch dk Hkkjh xqPNkmQij mBsxkA

1

2

3

vidsanzh cy dh otg ls?kwerh jcj isu ls nwj tkrh gSA

pkch dk xqPNk

jcj

4

?kqek,a

vkSjmBk

,aa

xksy IykfLVddh fMCch

jcj cSaMiqjkuhckyisu jhfiQy

jcj cSaM dh

xkM+h

fMCch ds <Dduesa nks Nsn cuk,aA

1

fMCch ds isans esa Hkh ,dNsn cuk,aA bl ij eksecRrhdk NksVk VqdM+k fpidk,aA

2

3 ,d cM+s jcj ds NYys dks dkVdj mls <Ddu ds Nsnksa esafijksdj fljksa esa xkaB yxk,aA

rkj dk gqd

<Ddu dks fMCch esa fiQV djsaAisans esa ls rkj dk gqd Mky djjcj cSaM dks ckgj [khapsaA

4

jcj cSaM esa ,d iqjkuh jhfiQy iQalk,aAeksecRrh ds VqdM+s ls ?k"kZ.k de gksxkA

5

jhfiQy dks dbZ ckj ?kqek,a ftllsfd jcj cSaM esa cy iM+ tk,aA

6

7 fiQj fMCch dks ,d fpdusiQ'kZ ij j[ksaA vc jcj ds

NYys dh vycsV [kqysaxh vkSjfMCch vkxs c<+sxh!

1

3

6

vycsV iM+s jcj cSaM esa lafpr mQtkZds dkj.k gh cksry vkxs tkrh gSA

eksecRrh dk 8&feeh eksVk VqdM+k

5

LVªk iEi

dSaph

eksVh LVªk

eksrh

lkbfdyLiksd /kxk

lkbfdy Liksd ds pwM+h okys fljs ij /kxs dksdbZ ckj yisV vkSj cak/ dj fiLVu cuk,aA

1

lkbfdy cky&cs;fjax (NjkZ)

eksVh LVªk esa ikuh dh fudklhds fy, ,d Nsn cuk,aA

2

LVªk ds fupys fljs esa ikuh ?kqlusds fy, ,d eksrh fiQV djsaA

3

LVªk ds vanj ,d cky&cs;fjax MkysaA blls lD'ku okWYo cusxkA4

fiQj Liksd&fiLVu dks LVªk esa ?kqlk,aA5

LVªk eas mQij dh vksj ,d <hyk eksrh ?kqlk,aA6

iEi dks ,d fxykl esa j[k djLiksd dks mQij&uhps djsaA dqNnsj ckn LVªk ds Nsn esa ls ikuhckgj fudysxkA

7

okYo] flysaMj] fiLVu vkSjdusfDVax jkWM ls gh iEilqpk: :i ls pyrk gSA

<hyk eksrh

6

rSjrh

?kwerh

cksryFkjeksdksy dh IysV

IykfLVd cksry(1&yhVj)

dSaph

nks eqM+us okyh LVªk

jcj dk xksan(iQsohckaM)

cksry ds isans ds iklfoijhr fljksa ijnks Nsn cuk,aA

1

bu Nsnksa esa nks eqM+usokyh LVªk ?kqlk,a vkSjxksan ls mUgsa fpik,aA

2

cksry dks IysV ds chpksachp fpidk,aA3

fiQj IysV dks cksry ds lkFkikuh ,d Vc esa j[ksaA

4 nksuksa LVªk ds fljksa dks can djcksry dks ikuh ls HkjsaA

5

vc LVªk ds fljksa dks [kksysa ++ + +6

+ + + iwjh IysV xksy&xksy ?kwesxhA

fØ;k&izfrfØ;k ij pyusokyk ;g f[kykSuk U;wVu dsrhljs fu;e ij vk/kfjr gSA

7

vkWVks&lk;iQu

Vsi

IykfLVd dh yphyhuyh (60&lseh)

,Y;qfefu;e rkj(60&lseh)

,Y;qfefu;e rkj dks nks mQaph vkSj uhphigkfM+;ksa ds vkdkj esa eksM+saA rkj ,d fljkyEck vkSj nwljk NksVk gksxkA

fiQj yphyh IykfLVd dhuyh dks rkj ds lkFk Vsils tksM+saA uyh Hkh vc rkjdk vkdkj ysxhA

vc uyh ds NksVs fljs dks tksj lsikuh ds crZu esa MkysaA vkidks ns[kdj vk'p;Z gksxk fd ikuh viusvki uyh ds nwljs fljs ls ckgjfudyus yxsxkA

vkWVks&lk;iQu rHkh cangksxk tc crZu esa ikuhdk Lrj uyh ds fupyseksM+ ls uhps vk,xkA

11

2

3 4

11

2

3 4

dSaph

uyh dks >Vds lsikuh esa Mkyus lsikuh uyh dh mQaphigkM+h dks ikj djckgj fudyrk gSA

8

l[r iryh LVªk(10&lseh)

dSaph

xqCckjk

IykfVd cksry(2&yhVj)

cksry esa isans ds ikl Nsn dj mlesal[r IykfLVd LVªk dks dldj iQalk,aAtksM+ ij jcj dk xksan yxk,aAcksry ds eqag esa ,d xqCckjk iQalk,aaA

blds fy, xqCckjsds eqag dks [khapdjcksry ds eqag ijdldj fiQV djsaA

vc fupyhLVªk esa ls gok[khapsa ftllsxqCckjk gokls iQwy tk,A

iryh LVªk okys <Ddu dkscksry esa fiQV djsaA fiQjfupyh LVªk dks [kksyrs ghikuh dk iQOokjk cksryesa ls ckgj fudysxkA

xqCckjs&cksry dk iQOokjk

l[r LVªk(5&lseh)

jcj dk xksan(iQsohckaM)

fiQj iryhl[r LVªk dks<Ddu esafiQV djsaA

LVªk ds fljs dks mQaxyhls can djsa vkSj gok lsiQwys xqCckjs esa ikuh HkjsaA

11

2

3

4

5

6

tSls&tSlsxqCckjk

fldqM+rk gSoks viusvanj Hkjsikuh dksckgj

iQsadrk gSA

9

<Ddu esa/alk lkbfdyLiksd dkuV

?kwerkdqvak

IykfLVd dkikjn'khZ xksy fMCck

dVh cksrydk ia[kk

cksry dk <Ddu(Liksd ds uV ds lkFk)

Liksd ls tqM+k IykfLVddk VqdM+k (eFkuh)

xksy fMCcs ds <Dduesa Nsn dj mlesalkbfdy Liksd MkysaA

1

cksry ds <Ddu esa /alsuV dks Liksd esa iQalk,aA

2

dVh cksry ls cus ia[ks dh gjsdia[kqM+h dks ejksM+dj CysM cuk,aAfiQj ia[ks dks cksry ds <Dduesa fiQV djsaA

3

xksy fMCcs dks ikuh ls vk/k HkjsaAfMCcs dk <Ddu yxk,aftlls IykfLVd dh eFkuh ikuhesa MwcsA Liksd dk fupyk fljsfMCcs ds isans ij fVdk gksA

5 xksy fMCcs dks Nr ds ia[ks dsuhps j[ksaA IykfLVd dk ia[kk?kwesxk vkSj mlls vanj dheFkuh rsth ls ?kwesxhA blls?kwerk ikuh tYn gh ,dijoyh; dq,a dk vkdkj ysxkA

4

pwM+h

IykfLVd dk ?kwerk ia[kkikuh esa ,d Hkaoj iSnk djrkgS ftlls ikuh ,d ijoyh;dq,a dk vkdkj ysrk gSA

10

jcj dk iryk nLrkuk

IykfLVdcksry

Vsi

dSaph

cksry ds isans dksdkVdj vyx djsaA

1

cksry ij eqag dhvksj ls jcj dsnLrkus dks p<+k,aA

2

fiQj fcuk isans dh cksrydks lh/k ikuh ls HkjhckYVh esa ?kqlk,aA

4 nLrkus vkSj cksryds tksM+ dks Vsifpidkdj lhy djsaA

5

tSls gh cksry ikuh esaMwcsxh oSls gh gkFk esagok Hkj tk,xh vkSj oksiQwydj [kM+k gks tk,xkA

mQijmBrkgkFk

cksry eas ikuh ?kqlus ls gokckgj fudyrh gSA ;g foLFkkfir

gok nLrkus dks iQqykrh gSA

ck;!ck;!

11

pkj vyx eki ds flfjat

/kxk

IykfLVddh uyh

yEch lqbZ fp=k esa fn[kk,vuqlkj cM+sflfjatksa ds jcjfiLVu NksVsflajtksa dh ufy;ksaesa jcj ds xksanls fpidk,aA

1

vc rhuksa NksVs flfjatksa dks,d&nwljs esa fiQV djsaA

2

fiQj rhuksa flfjatksa dh ckgj fudyhfdukj ij nks&nks Nsn djsa vkSj mUgsa/kxksa ls cka/saA ;g /kxs flfjatksa ds[kqyus dh lhek fu/kZfjr djsaxs vkSj,d&nwljs dks ckgj fudyus ls jksdsaxsA

3

fiQj rhuksa flfjatksa dks ,d uyh }kjk20&feyh okys cM+s flfjat ls tksM+saArhuksa tqM+s flfjat ncs gksa vkSj cM+sflfjat dk fiLVu ckgj gksA

4

cM+s flfjat ds fiLVu dks vanj nckus ij /hjs&/hjsdjds rhuksa tqM+s flfjat cM+s tknqbZ <ax ls [kqysaxs!

5

mQapk mBus okyk tSd

20

-feyh

10

-feyh

6-fe

yh

2.5

-feyh

6-fe

yh

2.5

-fey

h

10-fe

yh

20-feyh

10-fe

yh

6-fe

yh

2.5

-feyh

20-feyh

10

-feyh

jcj dk xksan(iQsohckaM)

gok ncko dksgLrkarfjr djrh gSA

12

xqCckjk

IykfLVd cksry(1&yhVj)

isij fDyi

xqCckjs ij ckyisu ls eNyhdk fp=k cuk,aA

1 xqCckjs dks Hkkjh cukus ds fy, mlesanks isij fDyIl ?kqlk,aA è;ku j[kasfd xqCckjs dk eqag [kqyk jgsA

2

ckyisu

xqCckjs okyh eNyh dks ikuh lsHkjh cksry esa MkysaA ;g lqfuf'prdjsa fd xqCckjs fliQZ rSjsAfiQj cksry ij <Ddu dlsaA .

3 cksry dks ckgj ls nckus ij xqCckjsesa FkksM+k lk ikuh Hkjsxk ftlls xqCckjkHkkjh gks tk,xkA blls xqCckjs okyheNyh ikuh esa xksrk yxk,xhA

4

ckgj dk nkc gVkus ij xqCckjs esa HkjkvfrfjDr ikuh ckgj vk,xk vkSjoks fiQj lrg ij mQij vk,xkA

5 ckgjh ncko ls xqCckjs esa ikuh Hkjtkrk gSA blls xqCckjk Hkkjh gksdj

ikuh esa xksrk yxkrk gSA

xqCckjs dheNyh

13

IykfLVddhcksry

dSaphjaxhu lsyksVsi

dSaph ls IykfLVddh iqjkuh cksry dsisans dks dkVsaA

1

isans ij ,d flrkjkuqek uewukgksxk ftldk dasnz mBk gksxkAbl /qjh ij ;g fiQjdh ?kwesxhA

2

flrkjkuqek VqdM+s dks dSaph ls dkVsaA3 mldh gjsd ia[kqM+h dks mQijmBk dj CysM cuk,aA

4

ia[kqfM+;ksa dks jaxhu lsyksVsi ls ltk,aaAfiQjdh dks fpdus iQ'kZ ij j[kdj iQwadsaA

5

gok CysM~l lsVdjk,xh vkSj

fiQjdh xksy&xksy?kwesxhA

cksry isans dh fiQjdh

14

fny dh

fiQjdh

dSaph

jaxhu dkxt

etcwr lhad

5&lseh oxZ dkeksVk dkMZ

xksan

jaxhu dkxt ds8&lseh 10&lsehVqdM+s dks vk/s esa eksM+saAml ij vk/k fny cuk,aA

x ckgjh js[kk ij dkVsaA[kksyus ij vkidksiwjk fny fn[ksxkA

2

,sls pkj dkxt ds fny cuk,aA3

,d 5&lseh xRrs ds oxZ ij bu fnyksa dksfpidk,aA dsoy vk/k fny fpidk,aAckdh vk/s Hkkx dks ia[ks ds CysM tSls mQij eksM+saA

4

xRrs ds chp esa ,d xksylhad ?kqlkdj mls xksanls fpidk,aA

4

lhad dks ,d l[r vkSj<hyh LVªk esa MkysaA fiQjfiQjdh dks Nr ds ia[ksds uhps j[ksaA fiQjdhiQj&iQj djds ?kwesaxh!

5

1

jaxhu dkxt

l[r LVªk (10&lseh)

tc lhfyax iQSu dh gok fiQjdhds ia[kksa ls Vdjk,xh rc oks

iQj&iQj djds ?kwesxhA

15

dSaph

IykfLVd cksry(1&yhVj)

iqjkuh lhMh

jcj xksan(iQsohckaM)

lkbfdy Liksd

eksrh

?kwerhcksry

cksry ds foijhrdksuksa ij 45&fMxzhij nks fu'kku cukdjmUgsa dkVsaA

1

iqjkuh lhMh dksvk/s esa dkVsaA

2

vc cksry esalhMh ds nksuksaVqdM+ksa dks ?kqlk,aAfiQj tksM+ dksxksan ls fpidk,aA

3

cksry ds <Ddu vkSj iasnsesa chapkschp ,d&,d Nsncuk,aA Liksd dks Nsnksa esafijks,a vkSj fupys fljs ij,d <hyk eksrh fiQV djsaA

4

fiQj Liksd dks idM+djekWMy dks Nr ds ia[ks dsuhps yk,aA blls cksryrsth ls xksy&xksy ?kwesxh!

tc lhfyax iQSu dhgok ds ia[kksals Vdjk,xh rc oksiQj&iQj djds ?kwesxhA

lhMh

16

?kwerh mM+u&r'rjh

eqM+us okyhIykfLVd LVªk

Vsi

nks Fkjeksdksy dh IysV

nks Fkjeksdksy dh IysV~ldks Vsi ls tksM+sa ftllsoks iQwyh gqbZ jksVhtSlh fn[ksA

fpidus okykvk/k eksrh

dSaph

,d eksVh LVªk dks mQij lschp esa fpidk,aA ;g LVªkisans dks u Nq,A

isans ds dsanz esa vk/keksrh fpidk,aA bleksrh dh /qjh ijr'rjh ?kwesxhA

[kM+h LVªk esa,d eqM+us okyh<hyh LVªk MkysaA

fiQj ekWMy dks ,d fpduh estij j[kdj eqM+us okyh LVªk esa lsiQwadsaA blls IysVksa dh mM+u&r'rjhxksy&xksy ?kwesxh!

1

2

3

4 6

5

vk/s eksrhdh /qjh

mM+u&r'rjh dh fdukjij yxs LVªk ds VqdM+ksaesa ls gok ckgj fudyusds dkj.k gh r'rjhxksy&xksy ?kwesxhA

Vsi

jksVh dh fdukj ij uCcs&uCcsva'k ij pkj fu'kku cuk,aA ogkaNsn dj pkj LVªk ds VqdM+ksa dks?kqlkdj fpidk,aA

17

IykfLVd LVªk

VªkalisfjUlh (vks,pih)

,Y;qfefu;e dscM+s <Ddu

lkbfdy Liksd

Vsi

l[r LVªkdSaph

VªkalisfjUlh 'khV dh 20&lseh yEchvkSj 2&lseh pkSM+h vkB ifV~V;ak dkVsaA

,Y;qfefu;e ds <Dduksa dh fdukjij cjkcj ij vkB dku dkVsaAnwfj;ksa

<Dduksa eas Nsn dj muesa 2&lsehyEcs l[r LVªk ds VqdM+s ?kqlk,aA

fiQj ,d <Ddu ds gjsd dku ijVªkalisfjUlh dh ,d iV~Vh fpidk,aA

VªkalisfjUlh ds nwljsNksj dks nwljs <Ddu dsdkuksa ls fpidk,aA

gjsd iV~Vh dks

leku fn'kk esa eksM+

dj muds CysM

cuk,aA

,d lkbfdy Liksddks LVªk ds cs;fjax esa lsfijks,a vkSj ekWMy dksia[ks ds uhps j[ksaA ?kwerkgqvk ;g ekWMy lkcqu dscqycqys tSlk fn[ksxkA

1 2

4

5

6

tSls&tSls ia[ks dh gok VªkalisfjUlhds CysM~l ls Vdjk,xh oSls&oSlsiwjk cqycqyk xksy&xksy ?kwesxkA

3

?kwerk cqycqyk eksrh

18

thounk;h isM+

[kks[ks (iSfdax ckDl)dk ,d VqdM+k

dkMZ'khV

lqryh

jaxhu if=kdkvksads dkxt lseqM+s i{khdSaph

[kks[ks dh mQijh rgfudkysa ftlls fd uhpsdk ukyhnkj xRrk fn[kkbZnsA bl ukyhnkj lrgij ifRr;ak cuk,aA

ifRr;ksa dksdSaph ls dkVsaA

fiQj ifRr;ksa dks eè;f'kjkij vk/s esa dkVsaA nksvyx vk/s fgLlksa dkstksM+dj vlyh fn[kusokyh ifRr;ak cuk,aA

fiQj ifRr;ak fpidkdjisM+ dk rkt cuk,aA

,d cM+h dkMZ'khV ij isM+dh ckgjh vkÑfr cuk,aA

isM+ ds rus ijfpidh lqryhfcYdqy izkÑfrdfn[ksxhA var esajaxhu if=kdkvksa dsi{kh fpidkdjthounk;h isM+dks iwjk djsaA

Ldsp isu

luni

t

ldilg

1

2

3

5

4

6

lunit

ldilg

jcj xksan(iQsohckaM)

19

IykfLVd cksry(250&feyh)

dSaph

VsilkbfdyLiksd

eksrh

pkSFkkbZ yhVj okyh IykfLVdcksry ij ,d pØ cuk,aA

1

lko/kuh ls pØdks pkdw ls dkVsaA

2

pØ ls FkksM+h nwj ,dvkSj ?kqekonkj js[kk cuk,aA

3

iwjs pØ dh yEckbZ ijNksVs&NksVs dV yxk,aA

4

ÝySIl dksyEcor[kM+k djsaA

5

fiQj VqdM+ksa ds chp ds LFkku dks Vsi djsaftlls fd ,d fcuk VwVk yEck pØ cusAcksry ds <Ddu vkSj isans esa Nsn djsaA

6

7

bu Nsnksa esa lkbfdy Liksd fijks nsaAmQij uhps ,d&,d eksrh fiQV djsaAcksry dks Nr ds ia[ks ds uhps j[kusls oks iQj&iQj ?kwesxhA

7

?kwerh pØkdkj cksry

lhfyax iQSu dh gok cksry dspØ ls Vdjk,xh vkSj bllscksry xksy&xksy ?kwesxhA

20

rst?kwerhcksry

IykfLVd cksry

lkbfdy Liksd

dSaph

cksry esa vk/h mQapkbZ rd12 [kM+h ykbusa (Ng [kaM)cuk,aA

jaxhu Vsi

cksry dks jaxhuVsi ls ltk,aA

ykbuksa ij dkV djNg ia[kqfM+;ak cuk,aA

gjsd ia[kqM+h dks ejksM+dk ia[ks ds CysM cuk,aA

cksry ds iasans vkSj<Ddu esa Nsn cuk,aA

isans vkSj <Dduds Nsnksa esa lkbfdyLiksd fijks,aA Nr dsia[ks ds uhps j[kus lscksry rsth ls ?kwesxhA

eksrh

eksrh

12

3

4

5

6

lhfyax iQSu dh gok cksry ds ia[kksa lsVdjk,xh vkSj blls cksry xksy&xksy ?kwesxhA

eksrh

21

l[r dkMZ dhpkj pdrh

cksry dsnks <Ddu

dkMZ dh xqfM+;kbykfLVd Mksjk

eksVk xRrk

xksylhdsa

jcj xksan(iQsohckaM)

cksry dk ia[kk

dkMZ pdfr;ksa dks<Dduksa ds nksuksa vksjfpidkdj nks f?kjfu;ak cuk,aA

1

xRrs ds vk/kj esacs;fjax tSls nks ckyisujhfiQy dks[kM+k ?kqlk,aA

2

iqjkuh ckyisujhfiQy

,d lhad ijcksry dk ia[kk vkSjnwljh ij xqfM+;k fpidk,aA

3

ia[ks vkSj xqfM+;k okyh lhdksaesa uhps f?kjfu;ksa fpidk,aA

4

nksuksa f?kjfu;ksa dks ,dbykfLVd Mksjs ds NYysls tksM+saA

5

f[kykSus dks Nr ds ia[ks dsuhps j[ksaA blls cksry dkia[kk ?kwesxk vkSj oks xqfM+;kdks xksy&xksy ?kqek,xkA

6

fiQjdh ?kwes] xqfM+;k ukps

CysMeksM+sa

jhfiQyjhfiQyjcj xksan

ls fpidk,a

22

rkj dk iQwy

fdrkc dh ftYn esa yxk rkj

iqjkuh fdrkc dh ftYn esa yxs rkj dks [kksysaArkj ds xksy NYyksa ls iQwy dh ia[kqfM+;ak cuk,aA

1

rkj dks [khap djiQwy dh MaMh cuk,aA

2

1

bl izdkj iQwyksa dh ,d yEch csycuk,aA iQwyksa dh bl csy dks ,dfMCcs e ltk,aaAsa [kM+k dj

3

23

ukSukprs?ku

ukS ,d leku ?ku(oxkZdkj fMCcs ls dVs)

lsyksVsi

ukS ,d&tSls ?kuksa dksfp=k eas fn[kk, vuqlkjlsyksVsi ls tksM+saA

1

?kuksa ds nks foijhr dksuksa dksidM+dj mUgsa foijhr fn'kkvksa esa?kqek,aA ?ku [kqysaxs vkSj can gksaxsvkSj lqanj uewus cuk,axsA

ukprs

2

?kuksa ij jax&fcjaxs iQwy cuk,aftlls ?kwers gq, os vkSj lqanj fn[ksaA

24

iqjkus Ldspisu dh ckWMh

dkxt ds iQwy vkSj iRrs

/kxk

eksrh

dkxt ds iQwyksa dh nks rgksa vkSjifRr;ksa ds chp /kxs tksM+saA

1

iQwy dk /kxk Ldsp isuds eq[; Nsn vkSj iRrksa ds/kxs NksVs Nsnksa ls fijks,aA

2

pkjksa /kxksa ds fupys fljksadks ,d eksrh ls cak/saA

3

tc /kxs <hys gksaxsrks iQwy vkSj iRrseqj>k, yxsaxsA

4

/kxksa dks uhps [khapus lsiQwy vkSj iRrs feydj,d lqanj xqynLrk cuk,axsA

6

Ldsp isu ds uqdhys Hkkx esacus rhu Nsnksa vkSj fy[kus okysNsn dk mi;ksx djsaA

5

lqbZ

Mksj[khapks iQwyf[kykvks

jcj xksan(iQsohckaM)

25

mM+rhykS

pk; dh FkSyh

ekfpl

fMi pk; dh FkSyh dks [kksydj mlesa lspk; dh iRrh dks fudky nsaA

1

fiQj [kkyh FkSyh dks ,sls eksM+sa ftllsokss iQ'kZ ij [kM+h jg ldsA

2

FkSyh dks ekfpl ls tyk,aA tyrh gqbZFkSyh gYdh gks tk,xh vkSj mldsvanj xeZ gok iQal tk,xhA

3

fdlh o;Ld

dh lgk;rk y

saA

var esa FkSyh tknqbZ rjhds lsgok esa mQij mBsxhA;g xeZ gok ds xqCckjs tSlh gSA

xeZ gok gYdh gksus dh otg lsFkSyh mQij mBrh gSA

26

iqjkuh lhMh

[kkus dk jax

dkap ds nks fxykl

,d fxykl dks iwjhrjg xeZ ikuh ls HkjsaA

1 mlesa [kkus okyk jax ;kL;kgh feykdj ?kksysaaA

2

nwljs fxykl esafÚt dk BaMkikuh HkjsaA

3

BaMs ikuh okys fxykldks lhMh ls <adsaA

4

lhMh ds Nsn dks viusvaxwBs ls can dj mlsjaxhu fxykl ijmYVk djds j[ksaA

5

tYn gh vkidkslqanj jaxhu ikuh dhlaogu /kjk,a mQijmBrh utj vk,axhA

dqN nsj ckn nksuksa

fxyklksa esa ikuh dk jax vkSj

mudk rkieku ,d tSlk

gks tk,xkAxeZ ikuh BaMs ikuh lsgYdk gksus ds dkj.koks mQij mBrk gSA

27

fdlh o;Ld

dh lgk;rk y

saA

l[r IykfLVddh cksry

xeZ gok

dk iQSyko

l[r IykfLVddh uyh dSaph

cksry ds <Ddu esa dSaph ls Nsn cuk,aA1

jaxhu ikuh

IykfLVd dh l[r vkSjyEch uyh dks <Ddu esadl dj fiQV djsaA

2

fiQj nksuksa gFksfy;ksa dks jxM+savkSj xeZ gkFkksa dks cksryij j[ksaAcksry dks nck,a ughaA

cksry esa ,d&pkSFkkbZ jaxhu ikuh HkjsaAuyh dk fupyk

fljk ikuh esa Mwck gksA<Ddu dks cksry ij dlsaA

cksry dh gok xeZ gksdj iQSysxhvkSj mlls uyh esa ikuh p<+sxkA

cksry dks xeZ ikuh esa j[kdj Hkh vki bl iz;ksxdks nksgjk ldrs gSaA

3

4

5

6

cksry esa gok xeZ gksdj iQSyrh gSAblls ikuh ij ncko iM+rk gSvkSj oks uyh esa mQij p<+rk gSA

28

44

,sls dbZ tkuoj cuk,a vkSj vius fe=kksa dks HksaV djsaA

cjxn ds isM+ dh ,deksVh iRrh ysaA

mlesa nks frjNsdV yxk,aA

fiQj fupys nksuksa fgLlksa dks,d 'kadq ds vkdkj esa eksM+saA

mQijh fgLls dks uhpseksM+dj psgjk cuk,aA iRrs dh rhuksa rgksa dks

,d lhad fijksdj tksM+saAvka[ksa cuk,aA

cjxn d

s

tkuoj

cjxn dsiRrs

>kM+w dh lhadsa

11

2

33

55

66

29

dSapheqM+us okyh LVªkcksry dk <Ddu gYdh IykfLVd

dh xsan

cksry ds <Ddu esa dSaph ls ,slk Nsn cuk,a ftllseqM+us okyh LVªk bl Nsn esa dldj fiQV gksA

eqM+us okyh LVªk dks<Ddu esa dl djfiQV djsaA

<Ddu ij ,d gYdhIykfLVd dh xsan j[ksaA

LVªk ds [kqys fljs esa lsiQwad dj vki xsan dksgok esa mBk dj rSjkldrs gSaA

fiQj <Ddu dks mYVk dj xasndks vius gkFk ls lgkjk nsaA

fiQj nqckjk LVªk esa tksj ls iQwadsaA xsan uhps fxjusdh ctk, <Ddu ds lkFk fpidh jgsxhA

11

2 3

4 5

6

LVªk esa rst xfr ls fudyrhgok ,d de nkc dk {ks=kfuekZ.k djrh gSA blls xsan<Ddu ls fpidh jgrh gSA

rSjrh xsan

30

'kSEiw

jcj dk xksan(iQsohckaM)

dkMZ iV~Vh dks ukyhnkj pknj tSls eksM+dj Ng ia[kqfM+;ksa okykia[kk cuk,aA chp esa ckWy&isu jhfiQy dks cs;fjax tSls fpidk,aA

rkj dks ckWy&isu jhfiQy esa ls fijks,aA ia[ks dsnksuksa vksj LVkij tSls ,d&,d eksrh fijks,aAfiQj rkj dks ^;w* vkdkj esa eksM+saA

rkj ds nksuksa fljksa dksiqjkuh 'kSEiw dh cksryij Vsi ls fpidk,aA;g lqfuf'pr djsafd ia[kk cksry ds Nsnds ,dne mQij gksA

'kSEiw dh cksry dks nckus vkSj NksM+usls mlesa ls gok ckgj fudysxh tksia[ks dks rsth ls ?kqek,xhA

iryk rkj

nks eksrh dkMZ iV~Vh (10&lseh 3&lseh)x

11

2

3

4

ckWy&isu jhfiQy(3&lseh)

iqjkuh 'kSEiw dh cksry

nckvks vkSj ?kqekvks

'kSEiw

'kSEiw

31

rhu IykfLVddh cksrysa

IykfLVd uyh ds nksVqdM+s (20&lseh)

jaxhu ikuh

eksecRrh

jcj dk xksan(iQsohckaM)

fp=k esa fn[kk, vuqlkj gjsd cksry esa ,dNsn cuk,aaA ,d <Ddu esa Hkh Nsn cuk,aA

1 rhuksa cksryksa dks bl izdkjtksM+saA gj tksM+ dks jcj dsxksan ls lhycan djsaA

2

3

ekfpl

gok [khaprheksecRrh

ck;ha cksry esa jaxhu ikuh MkysaAdqN nsj ckn ck;ha vkSj chpokyh cksry esa ikuh dk Lrj,d&leku gksxkA

32

fiQj lko/kuh ls nk;ha cksryls eksecRrh dks <adsaA

5

6

tyrh eksecRrh gok esa ekStwn vkWDlhtu dk mi;ksx djsxhAblls vkf'kad fuokZr iSnk gksxk tks ikuh dks [khapsxkA

vc eksecRrh tyk,aA4

cM+sfe=k dhenn ysa

dqN nsj ckn gok esa vkDlhtu [kRe gksus ls eksecRrh cq> tk,xhA bllsnk;ha cksry esa fuokZr iSnk gksxk tks chp okyh cksry dh gok dks [khapsxkAblds dkj.k chp okyh cksry esa ikuh dk Lrj mQapk gks tk,xkA

33

iSfdax dk [kks[kkikuh ls Hkjhikjn'khZ cksry

Vsi

xRrs ds [kks[ks dsvanj xqfM+;k ds ?kj dsfp=k fpidk,aA

1

,d cM+h cksry dks vk/s esadkVdj ml ij dkyk dkxtfpidk,aA dVh cksry <adusdk dke djsxhA

5

<adus ds fy, dVh dkyh cksry

3

4

[kks[ks ds lHkh tksM+ksa dks Vsi ls lhycan djsaAvanj ns[kus ds fy, ,d NksVk ^ihi&gksy*cuk,aA ikuh dh cksry dks yVdkus ds fy,mQij cM+k Nsn cuk,aA

2

ikuh ls Hkjh cksry dks dkyhcksry ls <adus ij [kks[ks esa?kqIi va/sjk gks tk,xkA dkyhcksry gVkus ij [kks[kk vanj lsfiQj txexkus yxsxkA

6

ikuh ls Hkjh cksry dks [kks[ks esa yVdk,aAvk/h cksry [kks[ks ds vanj vkSj vk/h[kks[ks ds ckgj gksA

fiQj ckgj /wi esa tk,aA ^ihi&gksy* esavanj >kadus ij vkidks [kks[ks ds vanjtxexkrk gqvk xqfM+;k dk ?kj fn[ksxkA

lw;Z lsjks'ku ?kj

ikuh dhcksry lw;Z ds

izdk'k dks ijkofrZrdjrh gS ftllsvanj ls va/sjk[kks[kk txexkmBrk gSA

34

lrgh ekirhu IykfLVd LVªk

lkcqu dk ?kksy

dSaph igyh LVªk dks frjNk dkVsaA1

nwljh LVªk ij fp=k esa fn[kk, vuqlkj pkj ia[kqM+h dkVsaA2

lrgh{ks=kiQy

rhljh LVªk dksoSls gh mi;ksxdjsaA mls rjylkcqu ds ?kksyesa Mqcks,aA

3

nwljh vksj ls iQwadus ij vkidks,d NksVk cqycqyk feysxkA

4

frjNh LVªk esa ls iQwadus ij vkidksFkksM+k cM+k cqycqyk feysxkA

5

ijarq ia[kqM+h okyh LVªk esa ls iQwadusij vkidks lcls cM+k cqycqyk feysxkAia[kqfM+;ksa ij T;knk lkcqu dk ?kksyfpidsxkA mlls lcls cM+k cqycqyk cusxkA

6

ia[kqM+h okyh

LVªk ij T;knk lkc

qu

dk ?kksy fpidus ls

lcls cM+k cqycqy

k

cusxkA

lrgh{ks=kiQy

35

lhdksa ds

ekWMy

>kM+w dhetcwr lhdsa

(15&lseh yEch)

jcj cSaM

prq"iQyd (VsVªkgsMªu) cukus dsfy, 6 lhdsa vkSj 4 jcj cSaMyxsaxsA rhu lhdksa ds fljksa dks,d jcj cSaM ls cka/saA

blls ,d laqnj vkSjetcwr prq"iQydcusxkA

fiQj rhu vkSj lhadksa ls ,dleckgq f=kdks.k cuk,aA mQijds frxM~Ms dh lhdksa dksf=kdks.k ds fljksa ds lkFkcka/saA

blh izdkj fHkUu&fHkUu rhu&vk;keh vkÑfr;ak cuk,a & fizTe] ?ku vkfnA dqN le;ds ckn jcj cSaM xydj lM+ tk,axsA blfy, ekWMYl dks LFkk;h cukus ds fy, lHkhtksM+ksa dks /kxs ls cka/saA rhu&vk;keh ekWMy cukus dh ;g ,d csgn lLrh tqxkM+ gSA

1

2

3

prq"iQyd dh pkjksa lrgsaf=kdks.k gksus dh otg ls okslcls etcwr <akpk gksxkA

/kxk

dSaph

36

rhfy;ksa ls

xf.kr

12 ekfpl dh rhfy;akckjg rhfy;ksa ls cuh bl vkÑfrdk {ks=kiQy ikap oxZ dk gSA

1

2 3 4

5

bUgha ckjg rhfy;ksa dks u,rjhds ls ltkdj Ng vkSjpkj oxZ {ks=kiQy dh vkÑfr;kacuk,aA

f=kdks.k dk {ks=kiQyvk/kj maQpkbZ

oxZ= 1/2 ( x )= 1/2 x 3 x 4 = 6-

1

2

buds gy ck,a vkSjnk,a fp=kksa esa fn[kk, gSaA

3

bl vkÑfrdk {ks=kiQy

oxZ6 - 2 = 4-

xzkiQ isij ij j[kdj vki bldh

iqf"V djsaA

prq"iQyd dhpkjksa lrgsa f=kdks.kgksus dh otg lsoks lcls etcwr<akpk gksxkA

37

p<+rkvkneh

dkxt dh iV~Vh (28&lseh 6&lseh)xLdsp isu

dSaph

igys iV~Vh dks vk/s esaeksM+sa vkSj fiQj pkSFkkbZ esaA

1 fiQj iV~Vh dks[kksydj mlesa mQijnks f=kdks.k eksM+saA

2 f=kdks.kksa dksmBkdj mUgsa vanjdh vksj nck,aA

3

fiQj fp=k esa fn[kk,vuqlkj eksM+sa ftlls fdnksuksa [kM+h ifV~V;ksa dschp esa ,d f>jh fn[ksA

4

isu ls ,d NksVk f=kdks.kcuk,aA fiQj mls dkVsaA

5

NksVs f=kdks.k ij ,deqLdqjkrk psgjk cuk,aA

6

bl psgjs dks nksuksa [kM+hifV~V;ksa ds chp iQalk,aA

7

nksuksa ifV~V;ksa dksmQij&uhps fgykus lsNksVk f=kdks.k mQijrd p<+sxk vkSjfiQj fxjsxkA

8

14

-lseh

6-lseh

dkxtksa ds chp ?k"kZ.kds dkj.k f=kdks.k mQij

dh vksj p<+sxkA38

1 2 3

,&4 dkxt dk vk/k Hkkxysa (21&lseh 15&lseh)AmQijh ck,a dksus dks eksM+dj,d f=kdks.k cuk,aA

x1 fiQj mQij ds

f=kdks.k dksvk/s esa eksM+saA

2

Hkkx 1 vkSj 2 ysdj ykyph vkneh LoxZds }kj ij vkrk gSA igjsnkj mls jksdrk gSAoks Hkkx 1 vkSj 2 dks tksM+dj ^gsy* ;kuhujd cukrk gSA igjsnkj mlls dgrk gS]^ujd esa tkvks!*

6

ekWMy dks nk,a lsck,a vk/s esa eksM+saA

3

;g vkidk LoxZtkus dk fVdV gSA

4

Hkyk dkSu LoxZ tkuk ugha pkgrk\,d ykyph vkneh vkidk fVdVpkgrk gSA nkuh gksus ds dkj.k vkimls dkV dj fVdV dk Hkkx 1 nsrs gSaAij oks vkSj ekaxrk gSA fiQj vki mlsHkkx 2 Hkh ns nsrs gSaA

5

Hkkx 1 vkSj 2 nsus ds cknvkids ikl fliQZ Hkkx 3 cprkgSA mls [kksyus ij ^lyhc* ;kuhLoxZ ds Økl dk fpUg fn[krkgS vkSj igjsnkj vkidks LoxZesa izos'k djus nsrk gS!

7

LoxZ vkSj ujd

39

1

2

4

xkaB lsdsadM+k

3

dSaph

dkxt dh iV~Vh (30&lseh 3&lseh)x

,d 30&lseh 3&lseh dkxt dh iV~Vh esa xkaB yxk,aAx

iV~Vh ds fljksa dks[khapus ij vkidkschp esa ,d fu;feriapHkqt fn[kkbZ nsxkA

iapHkqt ds nksuksa vksjdh ifV~V;ksa esa ikaplekukarj js[kk,a cuk,avkSj dkVsaA

mQij dh ifV~V;kas dks eksM+djdsadMs+ ds tcM+s cuk,aA ckdhifV~V;kas dks eksM+dj dsadMs+dh Vkaxs vkSj iSj cuk,aA varesa nks cM+h&cM+h vka[ksa cukdjbl lqanj dsadM+s dks fugkjsaA

40

,d [kkyh ekfpl esa vyx&vyx phtksa dsfdrus uewus Hkjs tk ldrs gSa\ blds fy,vkidks vius vklikl feyus okyh ,dneNksVh&NksVh oLrqvksa dks [kkstuk iM+sxkA

NksVh phtksa ds dqN mnkgj.k uhps fn, gSa%jkbZ dk nkuk

NksVk iRrk

NksV cht

fiu

pkoy @ nky

NksVk iRFkj

lhad dk VqdM+k

NksVk cVu

jcj cSaM

1980 esa] vgenkckn e us cPpksa dh ,dizfrLi/kZ vk;ksftr dhA ,d [kkyh ekfpl esa fdruh vyx rjg dh oLrq,a Hkjhtk ldrh gSa\ ,d cPps us [kkyh ekfpl esa 250 ls vf/d phtksa ds uewus Hkjs!ml le; ^uSuks* 'kCn dk btkn ugha gqvk FkkA vkt ds cPps vo'; bl fjdkMZdks rksM+saxsALdwy ds cPpksa ds fy, ;g ,d csgrjhu foKku dh xfrfof/ gSA

sa foØe lkjkHkkbZ dE;wfuVh lkbal lsaVj

ekfpl esa fdruh

vyx&vyx

phtsa lek,axh\

isij fDyi

/kxk

41

dykcktcanj

nks eqM+h IykfLVd LVªk

Vsi

l[r LVªk (12&lseh)

dkMZ dk canj

canj ds nksuksa gkFkksa dks Vsi}kjk l[r LVªk ls fpidk,a

nksuksa eqM+h IykfLVd LVªk ds NksVsfljksa dks dkVsa ftlls mudk fLizaxokyk Hkkx lqjf{kr jgsA l[r LVªkds nksuksa fljksa dks nksuksa [kM+h LVªkdh fLizax esa dldj ?kqlk,aA

nksuksa [kM+h LVªk dks gkFk ls idM+dj ?kqekus ij l[r LVªk ?kwesxhvkSj canj dykckth yxk,xkA

11

2

3

[kM+h LVªk dh xksy&xfr ysVh l[r LVªk dksxksy ?kqek,xhA mlls canj dykckth yxk,xkA

42

[kkyh ekfpl

dkyk /kxk yEch lqbZ

60&lseh liQsn /kxs dks ekfpl dhnjkt esa nk;ha vksj ls frjNk fijks,aA

,d 60&lseh dkys /kxsdks Hkh ekfpl dh njkt esack;ha vksj ls frjNk fijks,aA

/kxksa ds nksuksa fljksa ij xkaBcka/saA mlds ckn njkt ijekfpl ds ckgjh [kks[ksdks p<+k nsaA

fiQj fp=k esa fn[kk, vuqlkj nksuksa vksj ds /kxksa dks idM+saA ekfpl chpesa gksA vius fe=k ls ekfpl dks ck,a ls nk,a [khapus dks dgsaaA ,slk djusls /kxksa ds jaxksa esa tknqbZ rjg ls vnyk&cnyh gksxhA dkyk /kxk liQsncusxk vkSj liQsn /kxk dkyk cusxkA

jax cny

liQsn /kxk

11

2

3

4

4

11

43

l[r LVªk(8&lseh)

l[r LVªk esa rhufjax pqEcd dldj fiQV djsaA

1

fjax pqEcd

jaxhu LdspisuIykfLVd Ldsy

l[r dkMZ dhpdrh (10&lseh)

10&lseh dkMZ dh pdrhij fp=k esa fn[kk, vuqlkjuewuk cuk,aA eksVhjs[kkvksa ij dkVsaA

LVªk ds mQijh fljs dksia[ks ds chp fpidk,aA

fcUnh okyh js[kkvksadks eksM+dj ia[ks dsCysM cuk,aA

pqEcdh; ia[kk

iwjs ekWMy dks Nr ds ia[ks ds uhps j[ksaA blls dkMZ dh fiQjdh rks ?kwesxh ghij lkFk&lkFk Ldsy ds pqEcdksa dk xksy pDdj Hkh yxk,xhA

1

Scale

2

3

4

5

Scale

Scale

Nr ds ia[ks dhgok ds dkj.kdkMZ dk ia[kk?kwesxk vkSj

xksy&xksy ?kwesxkA

jcj dk xksan(iQsohckaM)

rhu&rhu pqEcd Ldsy ds mQij&uhps j[ksaAmuds foijhr /qzo vius vki fpidsaxsAfp=k esa fn[kk, vuqlkj ia[ks dks Ldsy dspqEcdksa ds ikl yk,aaA mudsfoijhr /zqo vkil esa fpidsaxsA

44

dSaph

rhu dkxtds di

lkbfdy Liksd

nks fjax pqEcd

diksa dks pkSFkkbZ] vk/s vkSjrhu&pkSFkkbZ esa dkVsaA

1 diksa ds vk/kj esa 1&lseh dk Nsncuk,a vkSj mUgsa jaxhu Ldsp isuls ltk,aA

Nsn ij nks pqEcdfpidk,a & ,d mQijvkSj nwljk uhps lsA

di dks pqEcdksa ds lkFk ,d lkbfdyLiksd esa MkysaA Liksd ds mQijhfljs dks gYds ls idM+saA

di dks /hjs ls ?kqek,aA diyxkrkj ?kwers gq, /hjs&/hjsuhps vk,xkA

blh iz;ksx dks ckdh nksuksadiksa ds lkFk Hkh nksgjk,aAftruk cM+k di gksxk oksmruh gh /heh xfr lsuhps vk,xkA

pqEcdh;

?kqeDdM+

pqEcdh;

di

2

3

4

5

6

lkbfdy Liksd ij fjax pqEcddsanz ls nwj gksrs gSaA pqEcd

Liksd ls fpidrs gq, /heh xfrls ?kwers gq, uhps vkrs gSaA

45

jaxhu Vsi

cksry ls cuk ia[kk

nks iqjkus,Y;qfefu;e dSu

cksry ds<Ddu

uqdhyh ckal dh lhadsa

jcj dk xksan(iQsohckaM)

Vsi

cksryksa ds nks <Dduksa esaNsn cukdj mudh piVhlrgksa dks fpidk,aA

1

pkj fu;ksMk;fe;epqEcd

,WMh djaVdk ia[kk

vk/s yhVj okyhIykfLVd dh cksryesa pkj fu;ksMk;fe;eds pqEcd fpidk,aA

2

vk/s izsl cVu dks <Dduksa dsNsn eas fiQV djsaA cVu dk xM~<sokyk Hkkx uhps gksA

3

cksry ds ia[ks dksnksuksa <Dduksa esa fiQVdjsaA fiQj nksuksa <Dduksadks pqEcdksa okyhcksry esa fiQV djsaA

4

VªkaLisfjalh

iqjkuh VªkaLisfjalh ls pkj1&lseh 6&lseh vkdkj dhifV~V;ka dkVsaA mUgsa nks Iylds fpUgksa esa tksM+saA muds chpesa Nsn dj ogka vk/k izsl&cVufiQV djsaA cVu dk xM~<sokyk Hkkx uhps gksA

x5

55

6 fiQj nksuksa ,Y;qfefu;e dSUl dk mQijh Hkkx dkVsa vkSj ogka VªkaLisfjalh ds IylfpUgksa dks Vsi ls fpidk,aA ,Y;qfefu;e dSUl ds vk/kj esa ,d&,d Nsn djsaA

izsl cVu

46

rhu ckal dh uqdhyh lhadksa dks <Dduksaesa Nsn dj ,d ydM+h ij [kM+k djsaApqEcd okyh cksry dks chp okyh lhadeas Mkysa vkSj nksuksa ,Y;qfefu;e dSUl dksckdh nks lhadksa ij [kM+k djsaA fiQj ekWMydks Nr ds ia[ks ds uhps j[ksaA

7

ia[ks dh gok ls cksry dkia[kk ?kwesxk vkSj pqEcdkas okyhcksry Hkh ?kwesxhA ?kwers pqEcd,Y;qfefu;e dSUl esa ,WMhdjaV iSnk djsaxs vkSj osHkh xksy&xksy ?kweus yxsaxsA

8

?kwers pqEcd ,Y;qfefu;e dSUl esa,WMh djaV iSnk djrs gSaA ;g djaV,d pqEcdh; cy iSnk djsaxsa tks

'kfDr'kkyh fu;ksMkfe;e pqEcdksa dslkFk feydj ,yqfefu;e dSUl dks

xksy&xksy ?kwek,axsA

47

gok eas >wyrkia[kk

vk/s yhVj dh IykfLVd cksryls ,d ia[kk cuk,aA cksry ds<Ddu esa ,d Nsn djsaA

1

fjax pqEcd

cksry dk ia[kkjsr ls Hkjh

IykfLVd cksry

l[rIykfLVd LVªk

Vsi

dSaph

Nsn okys <Ddu dks jsr lsHkjh cksry esa fiQV djsaA<Ddu esa ,d l[r LVªk?kqlk,aA LVªk dk fupyk Hkkxjsr esa /alk gksA blls LVªklh/h [kM+h jgsxhA

2

LVªk esa dqN fjax pqEcdMkysaA pqEcdksa ds le&/qzovkeus&lkeus gksus ls os,d&nwljs dks fodf"kZr djsaxsA

3cksry ia[ks ds <Ddu ds Nsn esa Hkh nkspqEcd fiQV djsa & ,d vanj vkSj nwljkckgjA ;g pqEcd vkil esa ,d&nwljsdks vkdf"kZr djsaxsA

4

fiQj ia[ksa dks l[r LVªk esa MkysaA LVªk vkSj cksry ia[ks dspqEcd ,d&nwljs dks fodf"kZr djsaA blls cksry dk ia[kkgok esa yVdsxk vkSj >wysxkA bl ekWMy dks Nr ds ia[ks dsuhps j[kus ls oks rsth ls ?kwesxkA vki pkgsa dks ia[ks dksmBk dj fudky Hkh ldrs gSaA

5

N

N

le&/zqo ,d&nwljsdks fodf"kZr djsaxsvkSj mlls cksrydk ia[kk mQij

gok esa mBk jgsxkAlhfyax iQSu dhgok bl ia[ksdks ?kqek,xhA

48

?

Hkkj vkSj vk;rudk laj{k.k

fiQj gjsd xksyh dks ,d u;k :i nsaA muls tkuoj]?ku] I;kyk vkSj r'rjh cuk,aA fiQj vius fe=k lsiwNsa] ^buesa ls dkSu lh vkÑfr Hkkjh gS\*

1 xhyh feV~Vh dh ,d&tSlh pkjxksfy;ka cuk,aA xksfy;ksa dk ekivkSj Hkkj ,d&leku gksaA

2

ij vxj izR;sd vkÑfr ,d&tSlh feV~Vh dh xksyh ls cuh Fkh]rks fiQj muds Hkkj Hkyk vyx&vyx dSls gks ldrs gSa\

xhyh feV~Vh

pkj vyx&vyx vkÑfr;ksa okys crZu esa,d&leku (,d I;kyk Hkjds) ikuh MkysaApkjksa crZuksa esa ikuh dh mQapkbZ fHkUu gksxhAvkidks fdl crZu eas T;knk ikuh fn[krk gS\

49

okbu dkfxykl

fiQj okbu fxykl dks ikuh lsvk/k HkjsaA vc jxM+us ij lqjdh vkokt cny tk,xhA

viuh rtZuh mQaxyh dks xhyk dj okbufxykl dh fdukj ij jxM+saA vkidks ,dlaxhre; lqj lqukbZ nsxkA

1

crZu esa ikuh

3 okbu fxykl esa vkSj ikuh HkjsavkSj fdukj ij mQaxyh jxM+djvyx&vyx lqj iSnk djsaA

laxhre;I;kyk

2

tSls&tSls fxykl esa ikuh dkLrj c<+sxk èofu dk lqj vkSjvf/d mQapk gksxkA mQaxyhds jxM+us ls fxykl ds

vanj dk ikuh dEiu djrkgS vkSj mlls gh laxhre;

lqj iSnk gksrk gSA

2

50

<Ddu dk

laxhr

xqCckjk

jcj cSaMcM+h cksry dk <Ddu

iqjkus Ldspisu dh uyh

<Ddu dh fdukj ij ,d NksVkNsn cuk,aA bl Nsn esa 5&lsehyEch cky isu dh jhfiQy dkVqdM+k ?kqlk,aA

2

,d iQVs xqCckjs ds VqdM+s dks rku dj <Ddu ij p<+k,aAfiQj <Ddu ij jcj cSaM p<+k,a ftlls xqCckjk ruk jgsA

3

cksry ds <Ddu dh piVh lrgesa dSaph ls 8&feeh dk Nsn djsaAbl Nsn esa iqjkus Ldsp isu dhuyh dk 8&lseh yEckVqdM+k dl djfiQV djsaA

11

Ldsp isu dks uhps ls FkksM+k mQijljdk,a ftlls isu dh uyh xqCckjsdks Nq,A vc jhfiQy esa ls iQawdusij vkidks laxhre; vkokt lqukbZnsxhA Ldsp isu dh uyh ds Nsnksadks can&[kksy dj vki vyx&vyxlqj fudky ik,axsA

4

Nsn

iQwadus ij xqCckjs dh ruh f>Yyh dEiu

djsxh vkSj mlls lqanj lqj iSnk gksaxsA

2

ckWy isujhfiQy

51

lkbfdy

dk ifg;k

lkbfdy dk ifg;k

nks etcwr Mksfj;ka

nks 80&lseh yEch etcwr Mksfj;ksadks lkbfdy ds ifg, dh /qjhds nksuksa vksj cka/saA muds fljksaesa xkaB yxk,aA

1 ifg, dks dsoy ,d Mksjh lsyVdkus ij oks lery ysVhfLFkfr esa yVdsxkA

2

fiQj nksuksa Mksfj;ksa dks idM+sa vkSjvius fe=k ls ifg, dks rsth ls?kqekus dks dgsaA

3

ifg;k tc rsth ls ?kweus yxs rc ck,a gkFk okyh Mksjhdks NksM+ nsaA ifg;k lery ugha gksxk! cfYd oks xksy?kweus ds lkFk&lkFk ?kM+h dh fn'kk esa gYds&gYds pDdjHkh yxk,xkA ij vxj vki ?kwers ifg, dh nk;ha Mksj dksNksM+saxs rks ifg;k ?kweus ds lkFk&lkFk ?kM+h dh mYVhfn'kk esa gYds&gYds pDdj dkVsxkA

4

?kwerk ifg;k xkbZjksLdksi izfØ;k ds dkj.k fxjrkugha gSA mYVs] oks /hjs&/hjs pDdj yxkrk gSA

52