Vit.e-se in Anestrus

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Dr. Bhaskar Ganguly

M.V.Sc. Scholar , Animal Biotechnology Centre,Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, C.V.A.Sc.,

G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263 145


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Life is the outcomeof an elaborate

organization basedon trivial ingredients

and ordinary forces.

-G.E. Palade


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Suboptimal / Excessive body

weight

Extreme planes of nutrit ion

Hormonal dysfunctions and

imbalances

Cystic ovarian diseases

Delayed uterine involution

Metrit is ,etc

.

-Oltenacu et. al., 1983.

-Martinez & Tbibier, 1984.


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Grind up cabbages or grind up kings,T he elements found are the very same things.


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Free Radicals: Unseen EnemiesWithin

Derange the cell integrity Damage reproductive tissues and endocrine

organs-Kahlon & Singh, 2004

Damage and lyse red blood cells causing anemia- Kahlon et. al., 2002 Cause poor semen quality in males

-Tuoromaa, 2000- Beckett & Arthur, 2005

-Khillare et. al., 2007 Maternal free radicals cause embryonic mortalities

and teratogenic defects-Viana et. al., 1996


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SO HOW CANVITAMIN E AND SELENIUM

HELP?Z

It is better

to

understand

a

little than

to

misunderstand

a lot.


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A n t i - s t e r i l i t y F a c t o r

T o c o p h e r o l (tocos

{birth} +fer

{bear}) All animals derive their Vitamin E from plant

sources

Capable of slaking a peroxyl radical about

200 X faster than BHT Influences all the three germinal layers in the

embryo by preventing the rapid destruction

of Vitamin A

Scavenges radicals in the lipophilic

compartment

Control of phospholipase A2 activity

Z


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Unless regenerated v ia the tocopheroxyl

radical by vitamin C, vitamin E needs to be

replenished either directly through diet or

from reserves.

Degradation of the vitamin by rumen

microorganism may be accountable for the

poor biological availability of supplementarydietary vitamin E.

Beneficial role of vitamin E in reproduction

can be attributed to both its antioxidant andnon-antioxidant properties.

Also believed to promote the release of FSH

and LH from the pituitary.


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Proven antioxidant biological functions

With Vit. E, acts as chain breaking

antioxidant

The selenoenzyme, GPx, destroys peroxides

Protects cells from heavy metals

Stimulates the proliferation of cells from

small follicles and augments the stimulatory

effect of gonadotropins in the same cells infemales

Iodothyronine deiodinase, a selenoenzyme,

catalyzes the activation of thyroid hormones

Z


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Plasma -tocopherol is lowest during the

periparturient period, and supplementation

with dietary antioxidants is especially

critical.- Weiss et. al., (1990);

- Goff and Stabel (1990)

Postpartum anoestrus buffaloes were found

to have significantly higher level of lipid

peroxidation and lower levels of plasmaVitamin E and -carotene; supplementation

of Vitamin E and Se led to a significant

decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation

accompanied by an increase in the levels of

plasma Vitamin E and

-carotene. All theanimals became cyclic by day 30.87.16,

and 60% of the buffaloes became pregnant

by day 19.72.21 since beginning of

supplementation.

- Anita et. al., (2003)


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Dietary selenium deficiencies are both more frequent and

severe.

Se status is important for super ovulation in cattle and multiple

births in ewes because of its importance in sperm transportand establishment of ova.

A sustained-release multi-trace element/vitamin rumen bolus

system effective for several months can increase the lambing

percentages in ewes, and increase the herd conception.

- Hemingway, 2003

Prepartum supplementation with Vitamin E and Se improves

upon the percentage of cows pregnant to the first service, the

number of services per conception and the inter-calving

period.

It also decreases the incidence of retained fetal membranes.

- Archiga et.al., 1998


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Injection of Vitamin E and Se increased fertility in cattle that did not becomepregnant at first service.

-Archiga et.al., 1998

A positive association exists between increased blood Se concentrationpre partum and decreased incidence of mastitis, ovarian cysts andanoestrus/silent oestrus post partum.

- Kommisrud et. al., 2005

Super ovulated beef cows on an adequate plane of nutrition supplemented

with Se had 100% of ova fertilized versus 41% of ova fertilized inunsupplemented cows.

- Segerson et. al., 1977

Selenium and vitamin E supplementation increased uterine contractionsand contractions moving toward the oviduct in ewes implying higher rates

of fertilization of the ova.- Segerson and Ganpathy, 1981

- Segerson et. al., 1980

Glutathione peroxidase, a selenoenzyme, protects ova from oxidativedamage prior to ovulation, thereby affecting subsequent fertilization.

- Hurley and Doane, 1989


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Hypovitaminosis E causes low hatchability of eggs in poultry.

- Jain, 2001

Deficiency of Vitamin E and Se causes immotile sperm with separation

of head from tail, oligospermia, degenerative changes in epididymis,

and impaired testicular function.

- Tuoromaa, 2000

- Beckett & Arthur, 2005

GPx4 allows the production of correct architecture of sperm mid-piece

and provides protection from harmful reactive oxygen species.- Khillare et. al., 2007

Vitamin E deficiency results in fetal anemia, death and resorption, and

degenerative changes in the uterine and the embryo vascular system.

- Scott, 1978

Se deficiency causes abnormal, sterile and hairless offspring.

- Underwood, 1979

Administration of Vitamin E to diabetic animals decreased the embryo

malformations and increased the size and maturation.

- Viana et. al., 1996


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Martinez, J., and Tbibier, M. (1984). Reproductive disorders in dairy cattle: Interrelationships between pre- or post-service infectious and functional disorders.Theriogenology. 21: 584.

Oltenacu, P.A., Btitt, J.H., Braun, R.K. and Mellenberger, R.W. (1983). Relationships among type of par turition, type of discharge from genital tract, involution ofcervix, and subsequent reproductive performance in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 66: 612.

Kahlon, R.S., and Singh, R. (2004). Effect of -tocopherol supplementation on plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins in anestrus buffalo heifers (Bubalus bubalis).Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. Vol. 17; 8: 1088-92.

Kahlon, R.S., Sodhi, S.P.S., Singh, R., and Singh, N. (2002) Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in normal cycling and -tocopherol supplemented anestrus buffaloheifers. SARAS Journal of Livestock and Poultry Production. Vol. 18; 3/4: 30-35.

Tuoromaa, T.E. (2000). Chromium, selenium, copper and other trace minerals in health and reproduction. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine. 15: 145-57.

Beckett, G.J., and Arthur, J.R. (2005). Selenium and endocrine system. J. Endo. 184: 455-65.

Khillare, K.P., Sahatpure, S.K., Vanlalpeka, K., Bombatkar, R.S., and Tijare, G.S. (2007). Trace Minerals and Reproduction in Animals. Intas Polivet. Vol. 8; II:308-14.

Viana, M., Herrera, E., and Bonet, B. (1996). Teratogenic effects of diabetes mellitus in the rat: Prevention by vitamin E. Diabetologia. Vol. 39; 9: 1041-46.

Jain, J.L. (2001). Fat Soluble Vitamins in Fundamentals of Biochemistry. pp. 804. S.Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

Harrison, J.H., Hancock, D.D., and Conrad, H.R. (1984). Vitamin E and Selenium for Reproduction of the Dairy Cow. Journal of Dairy Science Vol. 67; 1: 123-32.

Goff. J.P., and Stabel, J.R. (1990). Decreased plasma retinal, -tocopherol, and zinc concentration during the periparturient period: Effect of milk fever. J. DairySci. 73: 3195.

Anita, Nayyar S., Singha, S.P.S., and Singh, N. (2003). Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant vitamins in postpartum anoestrus buffaloes supplemented with vitamin Eand selenium. Indian Journal of Dairy Science. Vol. 56; 1: 33-37.

Baldi, A., Savoini, G., Pinotti, L., Monfardini, E., Cheli, F., and Orto, V.D. Effects of Vitamin E and Different Energy Sources on Vitamin E Status, Milk Qualityand Reproduction in Transition Cows. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A Vol. 47;10: 599 - 608.

Hemingway, R.G. (2003). The Influences of Dietary Intakes and Supplementation with Selenium and Vitamin E on Reproduction Diseases and ReproductiveEfficiency in Cattle and Sheep. Veterinary Research Communications. Vol. 27; 2/Feb: 159-174.

Archiga C.F., Vzquez-Flores, S., Ortz, O., Hernndez-Cern, J., Porras, A., McDowell, L.R., and Hansen, P.J. (1998). Effect of injection of -carotene orvitamin E and selenium on fertility of lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology. Jul 1; 50(1): 65-76.

Kommisrud, E., sters, O., and Vatn, T. (2005). Blood Selenium Associated with Health and Fertility in Norwegian Dairy Herds. Acta Vet. Scand. 46(4): 22940.

Segerson, E.C., Jr., Murray, F.A., Moxon, A.L., Redman, D.R., and Conrad, H.R. (1977). Selenium/ vitamin E: role in fertilization of bovine ova. J. Dairy Sci. 60:1001.

Segerson, E.C., and Ganapathy, S.N. (1981). Fertilization of ova in selenium/vitamin E-treated ewes maintained on two planes of nutrition. J. Ani. Sci. 51: 386.

Segerson, E.C., Jr., Riviere, G., Bullock, T.R., Thimaya, S., and Ganapathy, S.N. (1980). Uterine contractions and electrical activity in ewes treated with seleniumand vitamin E. Biol. Reprod. 23: 1020.

Takayanagi. R., Kato, K.I., and Ibayashi, H. (1986). Relative inactivation of steroidogenic enzyme activities ofin vitro vitamin E-depleted human adrenalmicrosomes by lipid peroxidation. Endocrinology. 119: 464.

Scott, M.L. (1978). Vitamin E. pp. 133 in Handbook of lipid research. Vol. 2. The fat -soluble vitamins. DeLuca, H.F. ed. Plenum Press, New York, NY.

Underwood, E.J. (1979). Trace elements in human and animal reproduction. Academic Press.


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Vit.e-se in Anestrus