Vitamin’s Group

• Fajar Dika Widyanto• Dea Marsya S.• Nadya Cecilia P.M.• Syaddat Hafizh

AB1

VITAMIN

B3

B2K

E

D

C B12

B9

B6

B5B7

VITAMIN

Table

Effect of Cooking

Definition

A vitamin (US /ˈvaɪtəmɪn/ and UK /

ˈvɪtəmɪn/) is an organic compound and a vital nutrient that

an organism requires in limited amounts.

Shown above is percentage loss of vitamins after cooking averaged for common foods such as vegetables, meat or fish.

It should be noted however that some vitamins may become more "bio-available" – that is, usable by the body – when steamed or cooked.

Vitamin C B1 B2 B3 B5 B6 Folate (B9) B12 A E

Average %loss 16 26 –3 18 17 3 20  - 11 11

The table below shows whether various vitamins are susceptible to loss from heat—such as heat from boiling, steaming, cooking etc.—and other agents. The effect of cutting vegetables can be seen from exposure to air and light. Water soluble vitamins such as B and C seep into the water when a vegetable is boiled.

Vitamin Soluble in Water

Exposure to

Air Light Heat

Vitamin A - Partially partially relatively stableVitamin C very unstable yes yes yesVitamin D no no no noVitamin E no yes yes noVitamin K no no yes no

Thiamine (B1) highly no ? > 100 °C

Riboflavin (B2) slightly no in solution no

Niacin (B3) yes no no no

Pantothenic Acid (B5) quite stable ? NO yes

Vitamin B6 yes ? yes ?

Biotin (B7) somewhat ? ? no

Folic Acid (B9) yes ? when dry at high temp

Vitamin B12 yes ? yes no

Vitamin generic

descriptor name

Vitarchemical name(s) (list

not complete)Solubility

Disease

Food sourcesUpper Intake

Level(UL/day)Deficiency Overdose

Vitamin A

Retinol, retinal, and

four carotenoidsincluding beta

carotene

FatNight-blindness, Hyperkeratosis, & Keratomalacia

Hypervitaminosis A

Liver, orange, ripe yellow fruits, leafy

vegetables, carrots, pumpkin, squash, spinach,

fish, soy milk, milk

3,000 µg

Vitamin B1 Thiamine WaterBeriberi, Wernic

ke-Korsakoff syndrome

Drowsiness or muscle relaxation with large doses.

Pork, oatmeal, brown rice, vegetables,

potatoes, liver, eggs

N/D

Vitamin B2 Riboflavin WaterAriboflavinosis,

Glossitis, Angular

stomatitis

Dairy products, bananas,

popcorn, green beans, asparagus

N/D

Vitamin

generic

descriptor

name

Vitamerchemical

name(s) (list not

complete)

Solubility

Disease

Food sources

Upper Intake Level

(UL/day)Deficiency Overdose

Vitamin B3Niacin,

niacinamide Water PellagraLiver damage (doses >

2g/day) and other

problems

Meat, fish, eggs, many

vegetables,

mushrooms, tree nuts

35.0 mg

Vitamin B5Pantothenic

acid Water Paresthesia

Diarrhea; possibly

nausea and heartburn

Meat, broccoli, avocados

N/D

Vitamin B6

Pyridoxine, pyridoxami

ne, pyridoxal

Water

Anemia,

eripheral

neuropathy.

Impairment of proprioception, nerve

damage (doses >

100 mg/day)

Meat, vegetable

s, tree nuts,

bananas100 mg

Vitamin generic

descriptor name

Vitamerchemical name(s) (list not

complete)Solubility

Disease Upper Intake Level

(UL/day)

Food sources

Deficiency Overdose

Vitamin B7 Biotin Water Dermatitis, enteritis N/D

Raw egg yolk, liver, peanuts,

leafy green vegetables

Vitamin B9Folic acid, folinic

acid Water

Megaloblastic anemia and Deficiency

during pregnancy is associated with birth

defects, such as neural

tube defects

May mask symptoms of

vitamin B12 deficiency

1,000 µgLeafy

vegetables, pasta, bread, cereal, liver

Vitamin B12

Cyanocobalamin,

hydroxycobalamin, methylcobalamin

Water Megaloblastic anemia

Acne-like rash [causality is not

conclusively established].

N/DMeat and

other animal products

Vitamin

generic

descriptor

name

Vitamerchemical

name(s) (list not

complete)

Solubility

DiseaseUpper Intake Level(UL/day)

Food sourcesDeficien

cy Overdose

Vitamin C Ascorbic acid Water Scurvy Vitamin C

megadosage2,000 

mg

Many fruits and

vegetables, liver

Vitamin D

Cholecalciferol (D3),

Ergocalciferol (D2)

FatRickets a

nd Osteomal

aciaHypervitamino

sis D 50 µgFish, eggs, liver,

mushrooms

Vitamin E

Tocopherols, tocotrienols Fat

Deficiency is very

rare; sterility in

males andaborti

ons in females, mild hem

olytic anemia in newborn infants.

Increased congestive

heart failure seen in one

large randomized

study.

1,000 mg

Many fruits and

vegetables, nuts

and seeds

Vitamin K

phylloquinone,

menaquinones

Fat Bleeding diathesis

Increases coagulation in

patients taking warfarin

.N/D

Leafy green

vegetables such

as spinach,

egg yolks, liver

Vitamin A

Short DescriptionVitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds, that includes retinol, retinal,

retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids, among which beta-carotene is the

most important.

Vitamin B1

Short DescriptionThiamine or thiamin or vitamin B1 (/ˈθaɪ.əmɨn/

THY-ə-min), named as the "thio-vitamine" ("sulfur-containing vitamin") is a water-soluble

vitamin of the B complex and its first naming was aneurin for the detrimental neurological effects if not present in the diet, it was eventually assigned

the generic descriptor name vitamin B1.

Vitamin B2

Short DescriptionRiboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is the vitamin

formerly known as G and "riboflavin“ name comes from "ribose" (the sugar whose reduced form,

ribitol, forms part of its structure) and "flavin", the ring-moiety which imparts the yellow color to the oxidized molecule (from Latin flavus, "yellow").

Vitamin B3

Short Description

Niacin (also known as vitamin B3 or nicotinic acid) is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NO2

and recommended daily allowance of niacin is 2–12 mg/day for children, 14 mg/day for women,

16 mg/day for men, and 18 mg/day for pregnant or breast-feeding women.

Vitamin B5

Short DescriptionPantothenic acid, also called pantothenate or

vitamin B5 which was discovered by Roger J. Williams in 1933, is a water-soluble vitamin and it

is an ingredient in some hair and skin care products.

Vitamin B6

Short Description

VITAMIN B7

Vitamin B9

Vitamin B9

Folic acid or folate is a B vitamin. It is also referred to as vitamin Ф, vitamin M, vitamin B9, vitamin Bc (or folacin), pteroyl-L-glutamic acid, and pteroyl-

L-glutamate .

Vitamin B12

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin K