vital nutrient:Vitamin

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Extremely essential and vital !Vitamin Vitamin are organic nutrients that are required in small amounts to

maintain growth and metabolism. Your body cannot function on empty calories alone. It needs energy from vitamin-rich sources. According to the American Dietetic Association, vitamins are essential nutrients that function as components of enzymes and coenzymes that regulate biological processes in the body.

There are two kinds of vitamins : Water-soluble vitamins and Fat-soluble vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins break down most quickly and are then absorbed into the bloodstream. These water-soluble vitamins include Vitamin C, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12 and folic acid.

Unlike water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in your liver and the fatty tissues of your body because they dissolve in fat. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat soluble, each serving various roles in sustaining life.

Human body just like a complicated chemical factory ,it never stop going on the biochemistry reaction.

These reactions have close relationship with the catalysis of enzymes.

How do they function:

CoenzymeVitamin make up

can not work without CoenzymeEnzymes

Thus, Vitamin is the important material which can hold and adjust human bodies' metabolize.

Vitamin A 700μg/dayVitamin BB vitamins are found in whole unprocessed foods.1.2mg-10mg per day 。Vitamin CThe North American Dietary Reference Intake recommends 90 milligrams per day and no more than 2 grams (2,000 milligrams) per day.

Vitamin D Commonly recommended daily intake of vitamin D is not sufficient if sunlight exposure is limited. Children 5.0 μg /day Adults 19–50 yr 5.0 μg/day, 51–70 yr 10.0 μg/day, >70 yr 15.0 μg/dayVitamin E 15mg/day

Source:How can we get vitamins?• D• Sunlight is the best source of Vitamin D. We all need 10-

15 minutes a day of sun on as much skin as we can legally get away with exposing, while wearing our sun glasses.There are only two ways to receive vitamin D in the amounts necessary for health. UVB exposure from sunlight and vitamin D supplementation

Bsalmon contains high levels of B vitamins and other nutrients. Raw milk is very high in B vitamins, making it one of the top B vitamin sources. Eggs contain high levels of protein and B vitamins.Chicken and other meats are great sources of B vitamins. Brewers yeast is another great source of vitamin B.

• C• Chemically speaking, the

main component of Vitamin C, which is called ascorbic acid, has two separate forms. These are “L”-Ascorbic Acid and D-Ascorbic Acid. The L component of Vitamin C is the active part, and this is the one that has health benefits. The D-component of Vitamin C, research shows, is useless and is gotten rid of by the body. When you eat Vitamin C, you only benefit from the “L” side of ascorbic acid.

Questions!!

• 1. what kinds of fat-soluble vitamin can we get from liver? Then provide one function of each kind.

vitamin A and D

maintain health of epithelial cells; form light-absorbing pigments;growth of bones and teeth

absorb calcium and phosphorus in digestive tract

• 2. what are the two kinds of vitamins?

Water-soluble vitamins and Fat-soluble vitamins

3.Please state their differences.

Water-soluble vitamins must be included in the diet.