Visualizing Reasoning

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Visualizing Reasoning

Wednesday, October 27, 2010


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Practical aspects:



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Why charts and graphs?

Appeal to different learning styles

Provide visual reinforcement Restate your data



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These are arguments.



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You can chart or graphanything.



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You can also make

anything visuallycomprehensible.



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Stay simple.



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Dont do this:



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Basic graph types:



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Column Charts

0

10

20

30

40

2002 2003 2004 2005

A B



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Bar Charts

2010

2009

2008

2007

0 50 100 150 200

# Students



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Line Graphs



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Scatter graph



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Pie Charts

Female Male



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Consider context



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Keep it simple.



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Avoid distortion.



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Avoid distraction



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Theoretical Aspects



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Visuals must make anargument.



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That argument must be



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ethical.



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Numbers become

evidence bybeing in relation to.



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The question is always



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See page 44.



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Cholera



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Right now:



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3,000 sickened



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The 1854 CholeraE idemic in London



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500 dead in 10 days



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The logic of display

design must reflect thelogic of the analysis.



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Descriptive narration isnot causal ex lanation.



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Page 30-31



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Choose genre based of

variables and type ofargument.



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Consider granularity



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Consider clarity



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Charts need legends.



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Legends must beclear and sim le.



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Avoid chartjunk.



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Consider order.



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Tuftes 6 Principles



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1. Document the sources

and characteristics of the

data.



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2. Enforce appropriate

comparisons.



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3. Demonstrate mechanismsofcause and effect.



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4. Express those mechanisms

quantitatively.



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5. Recognize the multivariate

nature of analytic problems.



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6. Inspect and evaluatealternative explanations.

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Visualizing Reasoning