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Module III Visual Direction and Localization  Each light sensitive element in the retina has specific local sign. When a particular element is stimulated , we experience specific visual direction with the respect to directionalization of fovea. Local sign is the capacity of a retinal receptor to distinguish excitation from its neighbours, direction associated with a particular retinal point.  Principal Visual Direction is the subjective direction associated with the fovea when fixating on an object. Foveally fixated point is seeing straight ahead and the object on the visual field is experience as being located above below to one side and so on of t he foveally fixated point. There two types of visual direction, Oculocentric  Visual Direction and Egocentric  Visual Direction. Oculocentric visual direction is direction relative to the fovea of one eye dir ection. The fovea represents the origin in the field of vision for one eye, since it corresponds to the fixation  point, or straight ahead, retinal position of an image can be specified with reference to the fovea. If an observer’s eye i s looking s traight ahead and the image falls on the fovea, this will be interpreted as object’s direction as straight ahead and if the object is located to the right, and it is foveally fixated the object will not be seen as  being straight ahead but to the right, in spite of the fact that its image still falls on the fovea. The  brain also take into account the e ye’s orientation , to correctly compute visual direction. Egocentric localization specifies the position of objects relative to the position of the head. Assuming that the observer head is stationary but the eyes move freely, the brain receives a directional information from the two eyes and fuse them into unified sense of direction as if we see things from a single eye that is located at the egocenter. In describing our binocular sense of visual direction,

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concept of a cyclopean eye  was created , which represents a single hypothetical eye located

approximately midway between the two eyes. Having its own visual directions. It has a primary

visual line and other visual lines, each of which have different visual directions. The direction of

the primary visual line in the cyclopean eye is the mean of the directions of the primary visual

line directions received from the two eyes. Strabismus  also known as tropia or squint where in the two eye are properly aligned

with each other. This condition usually involves a lack of coordination between the extraocular

muscles of the, which prevents bringing the gaze of each eye to the

same point in space and thus hampers proper binocular vision.  Eccentric Fixation  is an adaptation to strabismus along

with amblyopia in which an non foveal or offfoveal area in the

retina of the eye is use for fixation. In esotropia usually used a

fixation point in the retina and exotropia,the retinal point in

fixation is usually located in the temporal side of the retina.