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Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)/ Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)Types of VASI: 2-Bar VASI3-Bar VASITri-color VASIPulsating VASI (PVASI)PAPIThe visual approach slope indicator (VASI) is a system of lights on the side of an airport runway threshold that provides visual descent guidance information during approach. These lights may be visible from up to 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) during the day and up to 32 kilometres (20 mi) or more at night.
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Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)/ Precision Approach Path
Indicator (PAPI)
VASI
assist pilots in the landing approach provides a color coded visual glidepath
using a system of lights positioned alongside the runway
ensures safety by providing a visual glidepath which clears all obstructions in the final approach area
VASI
descent, using the VASI, should not be initiated until the aircraft is visually aligned with the runway
these lights are visible from 3-5 miles during the day and up to 20 miles or more at night
each light is designed so that the light appears as either white or red, depending on the angle at which the lights are viewed
Types of VASI
2-Bar VASI 3-Bar VASI Tri-color VASI Pulsating VASI (PVASI) PAPI
2-Bar VASI
Two-bar VASI installations provide one visual glide path which is normally set at 3 degrees
2-Bar VASI
3-Bar VASI
•three-bar VASI installations provide two visual glide paths•lower glide path is provided by the near and middle bars and is normally set at 3 degrees•the upper glide path, provided by the middle and far bars, is normally 1/4 degree higher•higher glide path is intended for use only by high cockpit aircraft to provide a sufficient threshold crossing height
3-Bar VASI
When using a 3 bar VASI it is not necessary to use all three bars
The near and middle bars constitute a two bar VASI for using the lower glidepath
the middle and far bars constitute a 2 bar VASI for using the upper glidepath
Tri-color VASI
•normally consist of a single light unit projecting a three-color visual approach path into the final approach area of the runway•below glide path indication is red, • the above glide path indication is amber, •and the on glide path indication is green
Tri-color VASI
*errors are increased due to a major design shortcoming of the tri-colored VASI. While on approach, the color amber (above slope) can be seen at a very thin angle of approach between green (on slope) and red (below slope)•Despite this shortcoming, it is (reportedly) in widespread use in Eastern European countries, especially Russia and Ukraine.
Pulsating VASI (PVASI)
• normally consist of a single light unit projecting a two-color visual approach path into the final approach area of the runway• the on glide path indication is a steady white light • the slightly below glide path indication is a steady
red light • if the aircraft descends further below the glide
path, the red light starts to pulsate • the above glide path indication is a pulsating white
light
Pulsating VASI (PVASI)
Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)
system is a simple and efficient, positive visual aid to the pilot on final approach
consists of a line of four units at 90˚ to the runway centre line which are typically spaced at 9 meters apart
either four or two identical light units placed on the left of the runway aimed outward into the approach zone
Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)
provides the pilot with a safe and accurate glide slope on final approach to the runway
A row of PAPI light housing assemblies (LHAs) placed perpendicular to the approach path are seen by the pilot in combinations of red and white to indicate a path that is too high, too low or correctly on slope.
Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)
An earlier glideslope indicator system, the Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) is now obsolete and was deleted from Annex 14 in 1995
The units are spaced 9 meters apart with the nearest unit 15 meters from the runway edge
PAPI can, if required, be located on the right hand side of the runway
Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)
In good visibility conditions the guidance information can be used at ranges up to five miles by day and night. At night the light bars can be seen at ranges of at least twenty miles
Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)
To form the PAPI guidance signal the color transition boundaries of the four units are fixed at different angles› The lowest angle is used for the unit furthest from
the runway, the highest for the unit nearest to the runway
› The designated glideslope is midway between the second and third light unit settings
Depending on the position of the aircraft relative to the specified angle of approach, the lights will appear either red or white to the pilot
PAPI