Visayas Region

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Visayasone of the three principal geographical

divisions of the Philippines, along with Mindanao and Luzon.

Its population is referred to as the Visayans. The major islands of the Visayas are Panay,

Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, and Samar. The region may also include the islands of

Romblon and Masbate, whose population identify as Visayan.

History of VisayasThe early people in the Visayas region were

Austronesians and Negritos.migrated to the islands about 6,000 to 30,000

years ago.In the 12th century, settlers from the

collapsing empires of Srivijaya, Majapahit and Brunei, led by the chieftain Datu Puti and his tribes, settled in the island of Panay and its surrounding islands.

History of VisayasBy the 14th century, Arab traders and their

followers, venturing into the Malay Archipelago, converted some of these tribal groups into Muslims.

evidence of trade among other Asian people. The Visayans were thought to have kept close

diplomatic relations with Malaysia and Indonesian kingdoms.

Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived in 1521.

History of VisayasAfter the Magellan expedition, King Philip II of Spain

sent Ruy López de Villalobos and Miguel López de Legazpi in 1543 and 1565 and claimed the islands for Spain.

The Visayas region and many tribes began converting to Christianity and adopting western culture.

By the 18th and 19th centuries - revolutions such as those of Francisco Dagohoy began to emerge.

During the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War between 1896 to 1913, the island of Negros and other neighboring islands initiated their revolution.

After gaining Philippine independence from colonial rule following World War II in 1946, the Visayas region established its community and re-formed its government.

Administrive Divisions of VisayasAdministratively, the Visayas is

divided into 3 regions, namely: Western Visayas Central Visayas Eastern Visayas.

Each region is headed by a Regional Director .

The Visayas is composed of 16 provinces, each headed by a Governor.

the Visayas is represented by 44 Congressmen elected in the same manner as the governors.

Figure 2. Color-coded map of the Visayan Region (blue) Central Visayas

(green) Eastern Visayas (red) Western Visayas

Authentic Cuisine of VisayasNatives in the Visayas don’t pass their day

without any dish from the sea. Kinilaw is a common dish every Visayan prepare

during a good catch.The delicious Chinese noodle soup called Pancit

molo of Iloilo.Another dish Ilongo contributed to the lush

cuisine of the country is the mouth-watering lumpiang ubod.

Ilongos also shared a tasty dish with Bacolod locals called Binakol.

Western Visayas

Western VisayasIt consists of six

provinces; Aklan, Antique, Negros Occidental, Capiz, Guimaras and Iloilo

17 cities Iloilo City is the

regional center.

Brief History of the RegionThe Western Visayas region was created from

Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Iloilo (including its then-subprovince of Guimaras) and Negros Occidental by Presidential Decree No. 1 as part of the Integrated Reorganization Plan of President Ferdinand Marcos.

The Province of Palawan was transferred to Region VI (Western Visayas) on May 23, 2005 by Executive Order 429. The Department of the Interior and Local Government announced in June 2005 that the transfer had been completed.

Brief History of the RegionHowever, Palaweños criticized the move, citing

a lack of consultation, with most residents in Puerto Princesa City and all municipalities but one preferring to stay with Region IV-B.

Consequently, Administrative Order No. 129 was issued on August 19, 2005 to address this backlash. This Order directed the abeyance of Executive Order 429 pending the approval of an implementation plan for the orderly transfer of Palawan from Region IV-B to Region VI. Hence, Palawan is currently (as of May, 2007) still part of Region IV-B.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION:Panay, the Guimaras Island and the western

portion of the island of Negros and its outlying islands.

Boundaries: Visayan Sea on the east, Cuyo East Pass on the west, Sibuyan Sea and Romblon on the north, Cagayan Island on the southwest.

total land area: 20,223.2 sq. kms.six provinces: Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Iloilo,

Negros Occidental and Guimaras. Topography: wide stretches of coastal lowlands

with rugged hills and mountains in the interior.

Demographic Data of the Region & Others

POPULATION: In 2000, the region’s total population reached 6,147,000. The population increased by 6% from 1995. In 1990, the urban population was 36% of the total population.

LANGUAGES: Hiligaynon, Kinaray-a, Aklanon, Cebuano, English, Filipino

CULTURAL GROUPS: The region’s ethno linguistic people are called Panay-Hiligaynons (Ilonggos, Aklanons, Capiceños, Antiqueños and Negrenses).


CLIMATE: The province has no pronounced climate. It has a short dry season and is relatively wet the rest of the year.

NATURAL RESOURCES: Its forests have been denuded due to indiscriminate

logging. Its waters abound with numerous species of fish and other

marine products. Mineral resources include copper, gold, silver, clay,

limestone, coal, sand and gravel and other non-metallic. It is a key fisheries development area, with its 84 coastal

municipalities, eight major fishing grounds, and inland bodies of water and 43,050 hectares of fishponds.


INDUSTRIES: major economic activities of the region: farming,

sugar, rice and corn milling, fishing, mining and trading.

Forward and backward integration in production, processing or marketing are good areas for investment.

livestock and poultry raising and cottage industries such as rattan craft, food preservation, ceramics and confectionery manufacturing.

The region has a competitive advantage in the production of seaweeds, mangoes, pineapple, banana and cashew.

Top Crops of the RegionRegion VI is an agricultural region with an area

of around 1.05 M hectares or 52% of the total land area. 35.4% of this is riceland.

The region also produces sugar, coconut, banana, fruits, root crops and vegetables.

one of the top food producers in the country. largest producer of sugar.In 1996:

it was the third largest rice producer among the regions

third ranking marine fish producerfourth largest aquaculture supplier.

Nutritional Problems of the RegionAccording to the 7th NNS Survey, Western

Visayas is found out to be most at-risk to undernutrition among adolescents. Chronic Energy Deficiency was also prevalent among the region and nutritionally at risk pregnant women was also found in this region.

Central Visayas

Central VisayasCentral Visayas Region is

composed of the islands of Cebu,Bohol, Negros Oriental and Siquijor.

Central Visayas region is at the center of our country.

It is bordered by the Visayan Sea and the province of Masbate in the north, Mindanao Sea in the south, Negros Occidental in the west and the island of Leyte in the east.

Brief History of the RegionBOHOL

The province was the setting of a dramatic event in 1563 when Chief Sikatuna of the island performed a blood compact with Miguel Lopez de Legaspi. This brought Bohol under Spanish rule, administratively as part of Cebu. Two major revolts were stayed in the province. One was led by Tamblot in 1622. In 1744, Dagohoy led another rebellion that was to make Bohol independent from Spain with its own government for 80 years. In 1828, the rebellion was suppressed and Bohol was made a politico- military province together with Siquijor Island, thus separating it from Cebu.

Brief History of the RegionCEBU

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi founded the present City of Cebu, changing its former name of San Miguel to "La Villa del Santissimo Nombre de Jesus."The Philippine Revolution started in Cebu on April 3, 1898 when Pantaleon Villegas, popularly known as "Leon Kidlat", attacked the Spanish garrison at the corner of the present Calamba and Tres de Abril streets. The American forces occupied Cebu in February 1899 and established a military government. Due to continued local "insurrections", it was not until after three years, on January 1, 1902, that a civil government was established.

Brief History of the RegionNEGROS ORIENTAL

The island of Negros had been divided politically into the eastern and western sectors as early as the start of the Spanish rule. The western section belonged to Iloilo while the eastern portion was practically uninhabited because of frequent seaborne Muslim raids. In 1734, the whole island was finally unified and made into a military district with Iloilo as the base. It was raised into a politico-military province in 1865 under the governorship of Emilio Saravia. Bacolod was made the Capital. Negros was again divided into the two present provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental in 1890. Settlements in Negros Oriental started as early as 1787. The oldest towns in the province are Dauin, Tayasin, Jimalalud, Guihulngan and Baco

Brief History of the RegionSIQUIJOR

One of the smallest provinces of the country, was once called isla de Fuegos, or isle of Fire by the Spaniards. The name came from the belief that the island rose from the sea amid the flare of thunder and lightning. Also called Island of Sorcery, Siquijor is said to be inhabited by mananambals or healers and sorcerers. Siquijor was a sub-province of Bohol until the 19th century when it became a sub-province of Negros Oriental. The province was the leading producer of manganese ore during the pre-war as a separate province on September 17, 1971 under Republic Act 6398.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION:Central Visayas is located in the center of the

Philippines, between the two main islands, Luzon and Mindanao.

Islands: Bohol, Cebu, Negros Oriental and Siquijor and the smaller Camotes group of islands, Bantayan and Panglao.

Cities: Bais, Cebu, Canlaon, Danao, Dumaguete, Lapu-Lapu (Opon), Mandaue, Tagbilaran and Toledo.

Borders: Visayas Sea on the north, Bohol Sea on the south, Leyte on the east and Negros Occidental on the west.

Topography: highlands with narrow coastal strips of arable land. Bohol, however, has a level plateau upon which its agricultural areas are concentrated.

Total land area: 14,951.5 sq.kms.


POPULATION: The region had a total population of 5,404,000 in 2000. Urbanization is highest in Cebu and lowest in Siquijor. The male numbered 2,291,637; the females 2,290,892. The region is predominantly rural with 2,730,972 residing in rural areas and 1,851,557 living in urban centers.

LANGUAGE: Cebuano is widely spoken in all of the provinces in the region but almost all understand Tagalog and English.

CULTURAL GROUPS: Central Visayas is predominantly peopled by an ethno linguistic group known as Cebuanos.


CLIMATE: The region has no pronounced climate. It has a short dry season from March to May. The rest of the year is relatively wet.

LAND USE: Central Visayas has relatively limited arable lands and wide grazing lands. There are some tracts of timberland. Its major crops are sugar, coconut, rice and corn. Out of its total land area of 1,495,142 hectares, 959,223 or 60.42% are classified as alienable and disposable and 535,919 are forestland.


NATURAL RESOURCES: Most of the region’s timberlands are denuded. Mineral resources, are abundant and account for

one of the largest revenue sources of the region. The waters surrounding the island provinces are

well-known fishing grounds.INDUSTRIES:

Primary sources of revenue: manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade and services.

Mining, farming, fishing and tourism contribute significantly to the economy

Manufacturing firms: mining companies, fertilizer plants, sugar central, rice and corn mills and other food processing plants.

Top Crops of the RegionThe top crops of the region are: sugarcane coconut Palaycorn cassava.

Nutritional Problem of the RegionOne of the regions with higher prevalence of overweight among adults than the national average was Central Visayas. Also, nearly four out of 10 pregnant women aged 20 years and above and about three out of 10 pregnant women below 20 years old were at risk of delivering low birth weight infants.

Eastern Visayas

Eastern VisayasEastern Visayas is one of the

two regions of the Philippines having no land border with another region, MIMAROPA being the other, and is designated as Region VIII.

six provinces: Biliran, Eastern Samar, Leyte, Northern Samar, Samar and Southern Leyte.

These provinces occupy the easternmost islands of Visayas: Leyte, Samar and Biliran.

The regional center is Tacloban City.

Brief History of the RegionThe six provinces comprising the region are

some of the poorest provinces in the country. The economy is deeply agricultural. Farming practices in some parts of the region

date back to the early 1800's. Agricultural development has been slow and

highly selective to few pockets of more enterprising (and well-off) farmers.

Brief History of the RegionBecause of the typically rugged interior of the

two main islands, agriculture has been limited to mostly the coastal areas and small inland valleys.

Heavy industry has been confined to a small industrial zone on the northwest of Leyte Island.

Much of the hinterlands, especially in Samar, is now heavily forested having had a chance to recuperate from the devastating logging operations in the 1970's and 1980's.

Brief History of the RegionIt was Samar and Leyte which the renowned

Portuguese exlporer Ferdinand Magellan first saw and landed on after his long voyage across the Pacific in 1521.

The first Christians in Southeast Asia were the people of Limasawa where the first mass was held.

Five centuries later, General Douglas MacArthur led the Allies to victory in the Battle of Leyte wherein the ensuing naval battle, now known as the Battle of Leyte Gulf.

Leyte became the secure foothold of the Allies in conquering back the archipelago, and eventually the rest of Asia, from the Japanese.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONEastern Visayas encompasses the two large islands of

Leyte and Samar, the province of Biliran and several minor islands. This region is the eastern boundary of the Philippines.

The San Bernardino Strait separates Eastern Visayas from Luzon in the southeast while the Surigao Strait separates the province of Leyte from the northeastern part of Mindanao. The Visayan and Camotes Seas separate the region from the rest of the Visayas. On the east, the region faces the Pacific Ocean.

The San Juanico Strait separates the islands of Samar and Leyte. The terrain of the two large islands is entirely different. Leyte has a high peaked mountain mass in the interior while Samar has low rugged hills interspersed with valleys.


POPULATION: As of August 1, 2007, the total population of the region was 3,912,936. This increased by 1.12% from its population of 3,610,355 in May 1, 2000.

LANGUAGE:Waray-Waray is spoken on the island of Samar, eastern

Biliran and the eastern part of the province of Leyte Cebuano is spoken in the rest of Leyte, western Biliran,

as well as in the province of Southern Leyte;both of these languages are called Visayan by their

speakers. Abaknon is spoken in the island of Capul in Northern

Samar.


CULTURAL GROUPS: Region VIII is inhabited by the Waray-Warays, the country’s fourth largest cultural linguistic group. But Cebuanos, from the nearby island of Cebu live in Ormoc City, Western Leyte and parts of the Southwest of Leyte.

CLIMATE: The eastern portion of the region is frequently visited by storms from the Pacific Ocean. The region receives heavy rainfall throughout the year with no pronounced dry season.

LAND USE: Eastern Visayas is primarily an agricultural region with rice, abaca, corn, coconut, sugarcane and banana as major crops. Its total land area is 21,431.7 sq. kms. 52% of its total land area is classified as forestland and 48% as alienable and disposable land.


NATURAL RESOURCES:The region’s sea and inland waters are rich

sources of salt and fresh water fish and other marine products.

It is one of the fish exporting regions of the country.

There are substantial forest reserves in the interiors of the islands..

It has abundant geothermal energy and water resources to support the needs of medium and heavy industries.

Top Crops of the RegionThe top crops of Eastern Visayas:RiceAbacaCornCoconutSugarcanebanana

Nutritional Problems of the RegionHigh prevalence of malnutritionIncreasing deaths due to lifestyle-related

diseases and preventable illnessesContinuing the decreases in under-five and

infant mortality ratesInadequate health human resourceIll-equipped health facilities in certain areasHigh proportion of the population with no

access to complete sanitation facilities

References:http://www.evis.net.ph/subregions/subregion7.htmhttp://www.evis.net.ph/subregions/subregion8.htmhttp://www.evis.net.ph/subregions/subregion6.htmhttp://www.etravelpilipinas.com/about_philippines/

region7_central_visayas.htmhttp://www.mb.com.ph/articles/252873/

malnutrition-cases-rp-increasinghttp://www.livinginthephilippines.com/region7.html

Documents

Visayas Region