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Vipac Engineers & Scientists 288 Johnston St Abbotsford P/L 288-296 Johnston Street, Abbotsford Wind Impact Statement

30N-17-0243-TNT-636824-1 22 January 2018

288 Johnston St Abbotsford P/L 288-296 Johnston Street, Abbotsford Wind Impact Statement

22 January 2018 30N-17-0243-TNT-636824-1 Commercial-In-Confidence Page 2 of 20

NOTE: This is a controlled document within the document control system. If revised, it must be marked SUPERSEDED and returned to the Vipac QA Representative. This document contains commercial, conceptual and engineering information that is proprietary to Vipac Engineers & Scientists Ltd. We specifically state that inclusion of this information does not grant the Client any license to use the information without Vipac’s written permission. We further require that the information not be divulged to a third party without our written consent

Report Title: Wind Impact Statement Job Title: 288-296 Johnston Street, Abbotsford DOCUMENT NO: 30N-17-0243-TNT-636824-1 REPORT CODE: TNT PREPARED FOR: PREPARED BY: 288 Johnston St Abbotsford P/L Vipac Engineers and Scientists Limited 60 Eastern Road, 279 Normanby Rd, South Melbourne, VIC, 3205 Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Australia CONTACT: Katherine Christian Tel: Tel: +61 3 9647 9700 Fax: Fax: +61 3 9646 4370 PREPARED BY: Author: Date: 22 Jan 2018 Eric Yuen Wind Engineer REVIEWED BY: Reviewer: Date: 22 Jan 2018 Zhuyun Xu Senior Wind Consultant AUTHORISED BY: Date:22 Jan 2018 Sophie Lamanade Wind Group Leader REVISION HISTORY Revision No. Date Issued Reason/Comments 0 22/01/2018 Initial Issue 1 2 DISTRIBUTION Copy No.______ Location 1 Project 2 Client (PDF Format) Uncontrolled Copy 3 KEYWORDS:



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 288 Johnston St Abbotsford P/L commissioned Vipac Engineers and Scientists Pty Ltd to prepare a statement of wind effects for the ground level areas adjacent to the proposed development at 288-296 Johnston Street Abbotsford, VIC. This appraisal is based on Vipac’s experience as a wind-engineering consultancy. Drawings of the proposed development were supplied by Plus Architects dated September 2017, as described in Appendix C of this report. The findings of this study can be summarised as follows: With the proposed design: The proposed development would be expected to generate wind conditions in the ground level footpath areas within the walking comfort criterion. The proposed development would be expected to generate wind conditions in the building entrance areas within the standing comfort criterion. The communal terrace at Level 8 with the proposed landscaping would be expected to have wind conditions close to or within the recommended walking criterion. As a general statement, educating residents about wind conditions at high level balcony/terrace areas during high-wind events and tying down loose lightweight furniture are highly recommended. The assessments provided in this report have been made based on experience of similar situations in Melbourne and around the world. As with any opinion, it is possible that an assessment of wind effects based on experience and without wind tunnel model testing may not account for all complex flow scenarios in the vicinity. If it is necessary to verify the predictions in this statement, Vipac recommends a wind tunnel study of the proposed development.



TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................5 2. ANALYSIS APPROACH ..................................................................................................................7 2.1. SITE EXPOSURE .............................................................................................................................8 2.2. REGIONAL WIND CLIMATE ............................................................................................................9 2.3. BUILDING GEOMETRY AND ORIENTATION .............................................................................. 10 2.4. FLOW INTERACTIONS WITH ADJACENT DEVELOPMENTS.................................................... 11 2.5. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA ............................................................................................................ 12 2.5.1. Apartment Balcony/Terrace Recommended Criterion Discussion ................................................ 13 3. PEDESTRIAN LEVEL WIND EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................... 16 3.1. RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................................................. 16 4. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................ 17 APPENDIX A - ENVIRONMENTAL WIND EFFECTS ............................................................................... 17 APPENDIX B - REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 18 APPENDIX C – DRAWING LIST ............................................................................................................... 20



1. INTRODUCTION Vipac Engineers and Scientists has been commissioned by Pace Development Group to carry out an appraisal of the pedestrian wind effects for the ground floor of the proposed development at 288-296 Johnston Street Abbotsford, VIC. The proposed development has a rectangular plan and the maximum height is approximately 39 m from street level. The site is bounded by Johnston Street to the South, Little Turner Street to the north, Lulie Street to the west and the existing developments to the east. A satellite image of the proposed development site is shown in Figure 1 and the South elevation is shown in Figure 2. This report details the opinion of Vipac as an experienced wind engineering consultancy regarding the wind effects in ground level footpath areas of the development as proposed. No wind tunnel testing has been carried out for this development at this stage. Vipac has carried out wind tunnel studies on a large number of developments of similar shape and with similar exposure to that of the proposed development. These serve as a valid reference for the prediction of wind effects. Empirical data for typical buildings in boundary layer flows has also been used to estimate the likely wind conditions on the ground level areas of the proposed development [2] & [3]. Drawings of the proposed development were supplied by Plus Architecture dated Septmeber 2017, as described in Appendix C of this report.

Figure 1: The site plan of the proposed development at 288-296 Johnston Street, Abbotsford, VIC.

N Proposed Development Site B/Tower B



Figure 2: South elevation of the proposed development at 288-296 Johnston Street, Abbotsford, VIC.

39 m



2. ANALYSIS APPROACH In assessing whether a proposed development is likely to generate adverse wind conditions in ground level footpath areas, Vipac has considered five main points: The exposure of the proposed development to wind; The regional wind climate; The geometry and orientation of the proposed development; The interaction of flows with adjacent developments; The assessment criteria, determined by the intended use of the areas affected by wind flows generated or augmented by the proposed development. The pedestrian wind comfort at specific locations of ground level footpath areas may be assessed by predicting the worst annual 3-second wind gust expected at that location. The location may be deemed generally acceptable for its intended use if the annual 3-second gust is within the threshold values noted in Section 2.5. Where Vipac predicts that a location would not meet its appropriate comfort criterion, the use of wind control devices and/or local building geometry modifications to achieve the desired comfort rating may be recommended. For complex flow scenarios or where predicted flow conditions are well in excess of the recommended criteria, Vipac recommend scale model wind tunnel testing to determine the type and scope of the wind control measures required to achieve acceptable wind conditions.



2.1. SITE EXPOSURE The proposed development is located in a suburban area, surrounded by suburban housing in most of the exposed directions, some park-lands in the sector from northeast to southeast. The Melbourne CBD is 2.5 km southwest of the site. Figure 3 is a satellite image of the site with the surroundings within a 2 km radius. Considering the immediate surroundings and terrain, the site of the proposed development is assumed to be within Terrain Category 3 for all directions (Figure 3).

Figure 3: Assumed terrain roughness for wind speed estimation.

North

Proposed Development Site

Terrain Category 3



2.2. REGIONAL WIND CLIMATE The mean and gust wind speeds have been recorded in the Melbourne area for over 30 years. These data have been analysed and the directional probability distribution of wind speeds has been determined. The directional distribution of hourly mean wind speed at the gradient height, with a probability of occurring once per year (i.e. 1 year return period) is shown in Figure 4. The wind data at this free stream height is common to all Melbourne city sites and may be used as a reference to assess ground level wind conditions at the Site.

Figure 4: Directional Distribution of Annual Return Period Mean Hourly Wind Velocities (m/s) at Gradient Height for Melbourne.



2.3. BUILDING GEOMETRY AND ORIENTATION The proposed development has a rectangular plan and the maximum height is approximately 39 m from street level. The site is bounded by Johnston Street to the south, Little Turner Street to the north, Lulie Street to the west and the existing developments to the east. The plan dimension of the proposed development is approximately 30 m x 40 m, with the longer axis running north - south (Figure 5).

Figure 5: Ground level plan of the proposed development with approximate site dimensions.

30 m

40 m



2.4. FLOW INTERACTIONS WITH ADJACENT DEVELOPMENTS The immediately adjacent developments are shown in Figure 6. These are low to mid rise buildings ranging from 5-39 meters tall surrounding the proposed development. For Melbourne areas, the northerly winds are the strongest. The resultant wind flows from this direction are expected to possess high mean velocities. The northerly winds will create downwash flows and affect the footpath and entrances at Little Turner and Luile Street. These winds also affect the wind environment for the high level balconies and the north-facing terrace at the roof. The westerly and WSW winds are also strong and the communal terrace on level 8 will be exposed to winds from these directions. The southerly winds are the also strong. Winds from this direction will mainly affect high level balconies, the footpaths along Johnston Street as well as the south side terraces.

Figure 6: Immediately adjacent surroundings and their approximate heights in meters.

North 14 m 6 m

7 m 7 m 6 m

6 m 8 m 11 m 7 m

10 m 7 m 10 m

39 m

5 m 6 m



2.5. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA With some consensus of international opinion, pedestrian wind comfort is rated according to the suitability of certain activities at a site in relation to the expected annual peak 3-second gust velocity at that location for each wind direction. Each of the major areas around the site are characterised by the annual maximum gust wind speeds. Most patrons would consider a site generally unacceptable for its intended use if it were probable that during one annual wind event, a peak 3-second gust occurs which exceeds the established comfort threshold velocity. If that threshold is exceeded once per year then it is also likely that during moderate winds, noticeably unpleasant wind conditions would result, and the windiness of the location would be voted as unacceptable. The threshold gust velocity criteria are: Table 1 – Recommended Wind Comfort and Safety Gust Criteria Annual Maximum Gust Speed Result on Perceived Pedestrian Comfort >23m/s Unsafe (frail pedestrians knocked over) <20m/s Acceptable for fast walking (waterfront or particular walking areas) <16m/s Acceptable for walking (steady steps for most pedestrians) <13m/s Acceptable for standing (window shopping, vehicle drop off, queuing) <11m/s Acceptable for sitting (outdoor cafés, gardens, park benches) In a similar manner, a set of hourly mean velocity criteria with a 1% probability of occurrence are also applicable to ground level areas in and adjacent to the proposed development. An area should be within both the relevant mean and gust limits in order to satisfy the particular human comfort and safety criteria in question. The threshold mean velocity criteria are: Table 2 – Recommended Wind Comfort and Safety Mean Criteria Mean Wind Speed Exceeded 1% of the Time Result on Perceived Pedestrian Comfort >15m/s Unsafe (frail pedestrians knocked over) <13m/s Acceptable for fast walking (waterfront or particular walking areas) <10m/s Acceptable for walking (steady steps for most pedestrians) <7m/s Acceptable for standing (window shopping, vehicle drop off, queuing) <5m/s Acceptable for sitting (outdoor cafés, gardens, park benches)



Recommended Criteria The following table lists the specific areas adjacent to the proposed development and the corresponding recommended criteria (also shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 for the ground and roof levels). Table 3 – Recommended application of criteria Area Recommended Criteria Footpath areas: on Johnston, Luile and Little Turner Street (Figure 7) Recommended to fulfil Walking Main building entrances: on Johnston Street (Figure 7) Recommended to fulfil Standing Communal Terraces: on Level 8 (Figure 8) Recommended to fulfil Walking Apartment Balconies/Terrace/Deck Recommended to fulfil Walking (see Section 2.5.1) 2.5.1. APARTMENT BALCONY/TERRACE RECOMMENDED CRITERION DISCUSSION Vipac recommends as a minimum the apartment balcony/terrace areas meet the criterion for walking since: these areas are not public spaces; the use of these areas is optional; many similar developments in Melbourne and other Australian capital cities experience wind conditions on balconies and elevated deck areas in the vicinity of the criterion for walking. Vipac wishes to clearly state that meeting the walking criterion on elevated recreation areas will be no guarantee that occupants will find wind conditions in these areas acceptable at times.



Recommended to fulfil Walking Recommended to fulfil Standing Figure 7: Plan view of the proposed development with the recommended wind criteria overlaid at Ground level.

NORTH



Recommended to fulfil Walking Figure 8: Plan view of the proposed development with the recommended wind criteria overlaid at the level 08.



3. PEDESTRIAN LEVEL WIND EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The proposed development has some design features that could reduce the pedestrian level wind speeds, such as the setback design for the main entrances, a corner canopy as well as proposed landscaping at the communal terrace on level 8. The building entrance areas on the Johnston and Lulie St sides of the proposed development would be expected to have wind conditions within the standing criterion. The footpaths on Johnston and Lulie Street sides would be expected to have wind conditions within the walking criterion with the proposed design. The communal decks at Levels 8 would be expected to have wind conditions close to or within the recommended walking criterion with the proposed design. 3.1. RECOMMENDATIONS Vipac has carefully considered the wind conditions of the proposed development and predicts that the proposed development would not likely generate wind conditions exceeding the recommended walking criterion at footpaths and standing criterion at building entrances. The communal terrace at level 8 is also expected to have wind levels within the recommended walking criterion with the proposed design. As such, Vipac makes no recommendation for the alteration of the building as proposed. The high level balconies would be expected to have wind conditions close to or above the recommended walking criterion. Educating residents about wind conditions at high-level balconies during high-wind events and tying down loose lightweight furniture are highly recommended.



4. CONCLUSIONS An appraisal of the likely wind conditions on the ground floor of the proposed development at 288-296 Johnston Street Abbotsford, VIC has been made. Vipac has carefully considered the form and exposure of the proposed development, nominated criteria for various public areas according to their function and referred to past experience to produce our opinion of likely wind conditions. With the proposed design: The proposed development would be expected to generate wind conditions in the ground level footpath areas within the walking comfort criterion. The proposed development would be expected to generate wind conditions in the building entrance areas within the standing comfort criterion. The communal terrace at Level 8 with the proposed landscaping would be expected to have wind conditions close to or within the recommended walking criterion. As a general statement, educating residents about wind conditions at high level balcony/terrace areas during high-wind events and tying down loose lightweight furniture are highly recommended. The recommendations and assessments provided in this report have been made based on experience of similar situations in Melbourne and around the world. As with any opinion, it is possible that an assessment of wind effects based on experience and without wind tunnel model testing may not account for all complex flow scenarios in the vicinity. Vipac recommends a wind tunnel study of the proposed development if necessary. This Report has been Prepared For 288 Johnston St Abbotsford P/L By VIPAC ENGINEERS & SCIENTISTS PTY LTD. APPENDIX A - ENVIRONMENTAL WIND EFFECTS Atmospheric Boundary Layer



As wind flows over the earth it encounters various roughness elements and terrain such as water, forests, houses and buildings. To varying degrees, these elements reduce the mean wind speed at low elevations and increase air turbulence. The wind above these obstructions travels with unattenuated velocity, driven by atmospheric pressure gradients. The resultant increase in wind speed with height above ground is known as a wind velocity profile. When this wind profile encounters a tall building, some of the fast moving wind at upper elevations is diverted down to ground level resulting in local adverse wind effects. The terminology used to describe the wind flow patterns around the proposed Development is based on the aerodynamic mechanism, direction and nature of the wind flow. Downwash – refers to a flow of air down the exposed face of a tower. A tall tower can deflect a fast moving wind at higher elevations downwards. Corner Accelerations – when wind flows around the corner of a building it tends to accelerate in a similar manner to airflow over the top of an aeroplane wing. Flow separation – when wind flowing along a surface suddenly detaches from that surface and the resultant energy dissipation produces increased turbulence in the flow. Flow separation at a building corner or at a solid screen can result in gusty conditions. Flow channelling – the well-known “street canyon” effect occurs when a large volume of air is funnelled through a constricted pathway. To maintain flow continuity the wind must speed up as it passes through the constriction. Examples of this might occur between two towers, in a narrowing street or under a bridge. Direct Exposure – a location with little upstream shielding for a wind direction of interest. The location will be exposed to the unabated mean wind and gust velocity. Piers and open water frontage may have such exposure. APPENDIX B - REFERENCES [1] Structural Design Actions, Part 2: Wind Actions, Australian/New Zealand Standard 1170.2:2011 [2] Wind Effects on Structures E. Simiu, R Scanlan, Publisher: Wiley-Interscience



[3] Architectural Aerodynamics R. Aynsley, W. Melbourne, B. Vickery, Publisher: Applied Science Publishers



APPENDIX C – DRAWING LIST Dated September 2017: TP001 Site Plan TP097 Basement 03 TP098 Basement 02 TP099 Basement 01 TP100 Ground TP101 Level 01 TP102 Level 02-03 TP104 Level 04 TP105 Level 05 TP106 Level 06 TP107 Level 07 TP108 Level 08 TP109 Level 09-11 TP112 Roof Plan TP200 Elevation – North TP201 Elevation – South TP202 Elevation – East TP203 Elevation – West TP210 Section – A Detail TP210 Section - A

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