Upload
phamdang
View
223
Download
6
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Works Cited
Abbandonato, Linda. “Rewriting the Heroine’s Story in The Color Purple.”
Alice Walker. Gates and Appiah 296-308.
Ackley, Katherine Anne, Ed. Women and Violence in Literature. New York:
Garland, 1990.
Adler, Alfred. Understanding Human Nature. 1928. Trans. Walter B. Wolfe.
London: Allen, 1974.
Alwes, Karla. “‘The Evil of Fulfillment’: Women and Violence in The Bluest
Eye.” Ackley. 89-103.
Angelo, Bonnie. “The Pain of Being Black.” Time 22 May 1989: 120-23.
Andrews, Larry R. “Black Sisterhood in Naylor’s Novels.” Gloria Naylor.
Gates and Appiah 285-301.
Andrews, William L. and Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Eds. Slave Narratives. New
York: Lib. of Amer., 2000.
Ansbacher, Heinz L. and Rowena R. Ansbader, Eds. The Individual
Psychology of Alfred Adler: A Systematic Presentation in Selections
from His Writing. 1956. New York: Harper, 1964.
Atwood, Margaret. “Beloved.” Toni Morrison. Gates and Appiah 32-35.
282
Awkward, Michael. “Authorial Dreams of Wholeness: (Dis)Unity, (Literary)
Parentage, and The Women of Brewster Place.” Gloria Naylor. Gates
and Appiah 37-70.
---. “‘The Evil of Fulfillment’: Scapegoating and Narration in The Bluest Eye.”
Toni Morrison. Gates and Appiah 175-209.
Baldwin, James. Just Above My Head. 1979. New York: Dell, 1980.
Bambara, Toni Cade. Ed. The Black Woman: An Anthology. New York: New
American Library, 1970.
---. The Salt Eaters. New York: Random, 1980.
Beaulieu, Elizabeth Ann. “Gendering the Genderless: The Case of Toni
Morrison’s Beloved.” Obsidian I 8(1992): 1-17.
Beechey, Veronica. “On Patriarchy.” Feminist Review 3 (1979): 66-82.
Bell, Bernard W. The Afro-American Novel and Its Tradition. Amherst: U of
Massachusetts P, 1987.
Bell, Roseann P., Bettye J. Parker, and Beverly Guy-Sheftal, Eds. Sturdy Black
Bridges: Visions of Black Women in Literature. Garden City: Anchor-
Doubleday, 1979. .
Berlant, Lauren. “Race, Gender, and Nation in The Color Purple.” Alice
Walker: Gates and Appiah 211-38.
283
Bibb, Henry. Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, an American
Slave, Written by Himself. 1849. Andrews and Gates 425-566.
Bonnett, Aubrey W. and G. Llewellyn Watson. Emerging Perspectives on the
Black Diaspora. Lanham: UP of America, 1990.
Bouvier, Luke. “Reading in Black and White: Space and Race in Linden Hills.”
Gloria Naylor. Gates and Appiah 140-51.
Brenner, Gerry. “Song of Solomon: Morrison’s Rejection of Rank’s Monomyth
and Feminism.” Studies in American Fiction 15 (1987): 13-24.
Brooks, Gwendolyn. Maud Martha. New York: Harper, 1953.
Brown, Claude. “The Language of the Soul.” From a Black Perspective:
Contemporary Black Essays. Ed. Douglas A. Hughes. New York: Holt,
1970. 3-8.
Brownmiller, Susan. Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape. New York:
Simon, 1975.
Bryant, Jerry H. Victims and Heroes: Racial Violence in the African American
Novel. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1997.
Buncombe, Marie H. “Androgyny as Metaphor in Alice Walker’s Novels.”
CLA Journal 30 (1987): 419-27.
Burton, Angela. “Signifyin(g) Abjection: Narrative Strategies in Toni
Morrison’s Jazz.” Peach 170-193.
284
Butler, Robert James. “Alice Walker’s Vision of the South in The Third Life of
Grange Copeland.” African American Review 27 (1993): 195-204.
Butler-Evans, Elliott. Race, Gender, and Desire: Narrative Strategies in the
Fiction of Toni Cade Bambara, Toni Morrison, and Alice Walker.
Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1989.
Byerman, Keith E. “Beyond Realism” Toni Morrison. Gates and Appiah 100-125.
---. Fingering the Jagged Grain: Tradition and Form in Recent Black Fiction.
Athens: U of Georgia P, 1985.
Callahan, John F. In the African-American Grain: The Pursuit of Voice in the
Twentieth Century Fiction. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1988.
Carby, Hazel. Reconstructing Womanhood: The Emergence of the Afro-
American Woman Novelist. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1987.
Carmean, Karen. Toni Morrison’s World of Fiction. Troy: Whitsun, 1993.
Chambers, Kimberly R. “Right on Time: History and Religion in Alice
Walker’s The Color Purple.” CLA Journal 31 (1988): 44-62.
Charles, Nickie. “Feminist Practices: Identity, Difference, Power.” Practising
Feminism: Identity, Difference, Power. Eds. Nickie Charles and Felicia
Hughes-Freeland. London: Routledge, 1996.
Christian, Barbara. Black Feminist Criticism: Perspectives on Black Women
Writers. New York: Pergamon, 1985.
285
---. Black Women Novelists: The Development of a Tradition, 1892-1976.
Westport: Greenwood, 1981.
---. “The Contemporary Fables of Toni Morrison.” Toni Morrison. Gates and
Appiah 59-99.
---. “Naylor’s Geography: Community, Class and Patriarchy in The Women of
Brewster Place and Linden Hills. Gloria Naylor. Gates and Appiah 106-25.
---. “Novels for Everyday Use.” Alice Walker. Gates and Appiah 50-104.
Christophe, Marc-A. “The Color Purple: An Existential Novel.” CLA Journal
36 (1993): 280-90.
Cooke, Michael G. Afro-American Literature in the Twentieth Century: The
Achievement of Intimacy. New Haven: Yale UP, 1984.
Craib, Ian. Psychoanalysis and Social Theory: The Limits of Sociology.
Amherst: UP of Massachusetts, 1990.
David, Ron. Toni Morrison Explained: A Reader’s Map to the Novels. New
York: Random, 2000.
Davies, Carole Boyce. Black Women, Writing and Identity. London:
Routledge, 1994.
Davis, Angela. Women, Race, and Class. New York: Random, 1981.
Davis, Cynthia A. “Self, Society and Myth in Toni Morrison’s Fiction.” Peach
27-42.
286
De Beauvoir, Simone. The Second Sex. 1949. Trans. H. M. Parshley. London:
Cape, 1963.
Demetrkopoulos, Stephanie A. “Maternal Bonds as Devourers of Individuation in
Toni Morrison’s Beloved.” African American Review 26 (1992): 51-60.
De Weever, Jacqueline. Mythmaking and Metaphor in Black Women’s
Writing. New York: St. Martin’s, 1991.
Doughty, Peter. “A Fiction for the Tribe: Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye.”
The New American Writing: Essays on American Literature Since
1970. Ed. Graham Clarke. London: Vision, 1990. 29-50.
Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American
Slave. 1845. Andrews and Gates 267-368.
Dubey, Madhu. Black Women Novelists and the Nationalistic Aesthetic.
Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1994.
Du Bois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Folk. New York: Washington Square P,
1970.
Duvall, John N. The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist
Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness. New York: Palgrave, 2000.
Dworkin, Andrea. Pornography: Men Possessing Women. 1979. New York:
Plume, 1989.
287
Eckard, Paula Gallant. “The Interplay of Music, Language, and Narrative in
Toni Morrison’s Jazz.” CLA Journal 28 (1994): 11-19.
Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. New York: Random, 1952.
Ensslen, Klaus. “Collective Experience and Individual Responsibility: Alice
Walker’s The Third Life of Grange Copeland.” The Afro-American
Novel. Eds. Peter Bruck and Wolfgang Karrer. Amsterdam: B.R.
Gruner, 1982. 189-218.
Erickson, Peter. “‘Shakespeare’s Black?: The Role of Shakespeare in Naylor’s
Novels.” Gloria Naylor. Gates and Appiah 231-48.
Erikson, Erik H. Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York: Norton, 1968.
Evans, Mari, Ed. Black Women Writers (1950-1980): A Critical Evaluation.
Garden City, New York: Anchor-Doubleday, 1984.
Fanon, Franz. Black Skin, White Masks. 1952. Trans. Charles Lam Markmann.
New York: Grove, 1967.
Fauset, Jessie. The Chinaberry Tree: A Novel of American Life. 1931. College
Park, Md.: McGrath, 1969.
---. Comedy: American Style. New York: Stokes, 1933.
---. Plum Bun: A Novel Without a Moral. 1927. London: Pandora, 1985.
---. There Is Confusion. New York: Boni, 1924.
288
Featherstone, Brid. “Victims or Villains? Women who physically Abuse Their
Children.” Barbara Fawcett et al. Eds. Violence. London: Sage, 1996.
Ferguson, Ann. Blood at the Root. London: Pandora, 1989.
Ferguson, Rebecca. “History, Memory and Language in Toni Morrison’s
Beloved.” Feminist Criticism: Theory and Practice. Ed. Susan Sellers.
Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1991. 109-27.
Fitzgerald, Jennifer. “Selfhood and Community: Psychoanalysis and Discourse
in Beloved.” Modern Fiction Studies 39 (1993): 669-87.
Fowler, Karen Joy. “Bailey’s Café.” Gloria Naylor. Gates and Appiah 26-28.
Fraser, Celeste. “Stealing B(l)ack Voices: The Myth of the Black Matriarchy
and The Women of Brewster Place.” Gloria Naylor. Gates and Appiah
90-105.
Fromm, Erich. The Anatomy of Destructiveness. New York: Holt, 1973.
Froula, Christine. “The Daughter’s Seduction: Sexual Violence and Literary
History.” Signs II (1986): 621-44
Fussell, Betty. “All That Jazz.” 1992. Conversations with Toni Morrison. Ed.
Danille Taylor-Guthrie. 280-87.
Gaston, Karen C. “Women in the Lives of Grange Copeland.” CLA Journal 24
(1981): 276-86.
289
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. “Criticism in the Jungle.” Black Literature and Literary
Theory. New York: Methuen, 1984.
---. Figures in Black: Words, Signs, and the “Racial” Self. New York: Oxford
University P, 1987.
---. The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism.
New York: Oxford UP, 1988.
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. and K. A. Appiah, Eds. Alice Walker: Critical
Perspectives Past and Present. New York: Amistad, 1993.
---. Gloria Naylor: Critical Perspectives Past and Present. New York: Amistad,
1993.
---. Toni Morrison: Critical Perspectives Past and Present. New York: Amistad,
1993.
Gilbert, Sandra and Susan Gubar. The Mad Woman in the Attic: The Woman
Writer and The Nineteenth Century Imagination. 1979. New Haven:
Yale UP, 1984.
---. No Man’s Land 1: The War of the Words. New Haven: Yale UP, 1988.
Girard, René. Violence and the Sacred. 1972. Trans. Patrick Gregory.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1984.
Graham, Mareyamma. The Cambridge Companion to The African American
Novel. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2004.
290
Goddu, Teresa. “Reconstructing History in Linden Hills.” Gloria Naylor. Gates
and Appiah 215-30.
Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. London: Faber, 1954. .
Grewal, Gurleen. Circles of Sorrow, Lines of Struggle: The Novels of Toni
Morrison. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1998.
Haley, Alex. Roots: The Saga of an American Family. New York: Dell, 1976.
Hall, Christine. “Art, Action, and the Ancestors: Alice Walker’s Meridian in its
Context.” Wisker 96-110.
Harding, Wendy and Jacky Martin. A World of Difference: An Intercultural
Study of Toni Morrison’s Novels. Westport: Greenwood, 1994.
Harper, Frances E.W. Iola Leroy or Shadows Uplifted. 1892. New York: AMS,
1971.
Harris, Trudier. “Escaping Slavery But Not Its Images.” Toni Morrison. Gates
and Appiah 330-41.
Harris, Norman. Connecting Times: The Sixties in Afro-American Fiction.
Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1988.
Hefferman, Teresa. “Beloved and the Problem of Mourning.” Studies in the
Novel 30 (1998): 558-73.
Heinze, Denize. The Dilemma of Double Consciousness. Athens: U of Georgia P,
1993.
291
Heller, Dana. “Reconstructing Kin: Family, History, and Narrative in Toni
Morrison’s Beloved.” College Literature 21 (1994): 105-17.
Hendin, Josephine. “The Third Life of Grange Copeland.” Alice Walker. Gates
and Appiah 3-5.
Hirsch, Marianne. “Maternal Narratives: ‘Cruel Enough to Stop the Blood’.”
Toni Morrison. Gates and Appiah 260-73.
Holloway, Karla F.C. and Stephanie A. Demetrakopoulos. New Dimensions of
Spirituality: A Biracial and Bicultural Reading of the Novels of Toni
Morrison. New York: Greenwood, 1987.
Homans, Margaret. “The Woman in the Cave: Recent Feminist Fictions and the
Classical Underworld.” Gloria Naylor. Gates and Appiah 152-81.
hooks, bell. Ain’t I a Woman? Black Women and Feminism. Boston: South End,
1981.
---. Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. Boston: South End, 1984.
Hopkins, Pauline. Contending Forces: A Romance Illustrative of Negro Life
North and South. Boston: Colored Cooperative, 1900.
Horton, James Oliver. Free People of Color: Inside the African American
Community. Washington: Smithsonian Institution P, 1993.
292
Hull, Gloria, et al., Eds. All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men,
But Some of Us Are Brave: Black women’s Studies. Old Westbury:
Feminist P, 1982.
Hunter, Kristin. The Lakestown Rebellion. New York: Scribner, 1978.
Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: Fawcett,
1937.
---. Seraph on the Suwanee. New York: Charles Scribner, 1948.
Irigary, Luce. Speculum of the Other Woman. Trans. Gillian C. Gill .Ithaca,
Cornell UP, 1985.
---. This Sex Which is Not One. Trans. Catherine Porter. Ithaca: Cornell UP,
1985.
Jacobs, Harriet Ann. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. 1861. Andrews and
Gates 743-948.
Johnson, Charles. Being and Race: Black Writing Since 1970. Bloomington:
Indianapolis UP, 1990.
Jones, Bessie W. and Audrey L. Vinson. The World of Toni Morrison.
Dubuque: Kendal-Hunt, 1985.
Jones, Gayl. Corregidora. New York: Random, 1975.
---. Eva’s Man. New York: Random, 1976.
293
Kelly, Lori Duin. “The Dream Sequence in The Women of Brewster Place.”
Notes on Contemporary Literature. 21 (1991): 8-10.
King, Joyce Elaine and Carolyn Ann Mitchell. Black Mothers to Sons. New
York: Lang, 1982.
King, Lovalerie. “African American Womanism: from Zora Neale Hurston to
Alice Walker.” Graham 233 – 52.
Kubitschek, Missy Dehn. Claiming the Heritage: African-American Women
Novelists and History. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1991.
Larsen, Nella. Passing. 1929.New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1986.
----. Quicksand. 1928. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1986.
Lawrence, David. “Fleshly Ghosts and Ghostly Flesh: The Word and the Body
in Beloved.” Studies in American Fiction 19 (1991): 189-201.
Ledbetter, T. Mark. “An Apocalypse of Race and Gender: Body Violence and
Forming Identity in Toni Morrison’s Beloved.” Postmodernism,
Literature and Future of Theology. Ed. David Jasper. London:
Macmillan, 1993. 78-90.
Lerner, Gerda. Black Women in White America: A Documentary History. New
York: Pantheon, 1972.
Levy, Helen Fiddyment. “Lead on with Light.” Gloria Naylor. Gates and
Appiah 263-84.
294
Linehan, Thomas m. “Narrating the Self: Aspects of Moral Psychology in Toni
Morrison’s Beloved.” Centennial Review 41 (1997): 301-30.
Lock, Helen. “‘Building up From Fragments’: The Oral Memory Process in
Some Recent African-American Written Narratives.” College Literature
22 (1995): 109-20.
Lorenz, Konrad. On Aggression. 1963. Trans. Marjorie Kerr Wilson. New
York: Harcourt, 1966.
Marks, Kathleen. Toni Morrison’s Beloved and the Apotropaic Imagination.
Columbia: U of Missouri P, 2002.
Marshall, Paule. Brown Girl, Brownstones. New York: Random, 1959.
---. The Chosen Place, The Timeless People. New York: Harcourt, 1969.
---. Praisesong for the Widow. London: Virago, 1983.
Mason, Theodore O, Jr. “The Dynamics of Enclosure.” Alice Walker. Gates
and Appiah 126-39.
Matus, Jill L. “Dream, Deferral, and Closure in The Women of Brewster
Place.” Gloria Naylor. Gates and Appiah 126-39.
May, Rollo. Power and Innocence: A Search for the Sources of Violence. New
York: Norton, 1972.
Mbalia, Dorothea Drummond. Toni Morrison’s Developing Class Consciousness.
Selinsgrove: Susquehana UP; London: Associated UP, 1991.
295
---. “Women who Run with Wild: The Need for Sisterhoods in Jazz.” Modern
Fiction Studies 39 (1993): 623-46.
Mc Dowell, Deborah, E. “The Changing Same:” Black Women’s Literature,
Criticism, and Theory. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1995. 34-57.
---. “New Directions for Black Feminist Criticism.” Black Women’s Literature.
5 - 23.
---. “‘The Self and the Other’: Reading Toni Morrison’s Sula and the Black
Female Text.” Critical Essays on Toni Morrison. Ed. Mc Kay. 77-90.
Mc Kay, Nellie Y. Ed. Critical Essays on Toni Morrison. Boston: Hall, 1988.
---. “Reflections on Black Women Writers: Revising the Literary Canon.”
Feminisms: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism. Ed.
Robyn R. Warhol and Diane Price Herndl Basingstoke: Macmillan,
1997. 151-63.
Melville, Herman. Moby Dick. 1851. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Classics, 1993.
Menaker, Esther. “Masochism: A Defense Reaction of the Ego.” Zanardi
221-33.
Meriweather, Louise. Daddy Was a Number Runner. New York: Pyramid, 1970.
Millard, Kenneth. Contemporary American Fiction: An Introduction to
American Fiction Since 1970: Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000.
Millet, Kate. Sexual Politics. London: Virago, 1977.
296
Mobley, Marilyn Sanders. “A Different Remembering: Memory, History, and
Meaning in Beloved.” Toni Morrison. Gates and Appiah 356-65.
Mock, Michele. “Spitting Out the Seed: Ownership of Mother, Child, Breasts,
Milk, and Voice in Toni Morrison’s Beloved.” College Literature 23
(1996): 117-26.
Moi, Toril. Sexual/Textual Politics. London: Methuen, 1985.
Montgomery, Maxine Lavon. The Apocalypse in African-American Fiction.
Gainseville: UP of Florida: 1996.
---. “The Fathomless Dream: Gloria Naylor’s Use of the Descent Motif in The
Women of Brewster Place.” CLA Journal 36 (1992): 1-11.
Moreland, Richard C. “‘He Wants to Put His Story Next to Hers’: Putting
Twain’s Story Next to Hers in Morrison’s Beloved.” Modern Fiction
Studies 39 (1993): 501-25.
Mori, Aoi. “Embracing Jazz: Healing of Armed Women and Motherless
Children in Toni Morrison’s Jazz.” CLA Journal 42 (1999): 320-30.
---. Toni Morrison and Womanist Discourse. New York: Lang, 1999.
Morrison, Toni. Beloved. 1987. London: Vintage-Random, 1997.
---. The Bluest Eye. 1970. New York: Plume-Penguin, 1994.
---. Interview. Jane Bakerman. “The Seams Can’t Show: An Interview with
Toni Morrison.” 1977. Taylor-Guthrie. 30-42.
297
---.Interview. Gail Caldwell. “Author Toni Morrison Discusses Her Latest
Novel Beloved.” Taylor-Guthrie. 239-45.
---. Interview. Bill Moyers. 1990. “A Conversation with Toni Morrison.”
Taylor-Guthrie. 262-74.
---. Interview. Gloria Naylor. “A Conversation: Gloria Naylor and Toni
Morrison.” Taylor-Guthrie. 188-217.
---. Interview. Betty Jean Parker. 1979. “Complexity: Toni Morrison’s
Women.” Taylor-Guthrie. 60-66.
---. Interview. Judith Koenen. “The One Out of Sequence.” 1980. Taylor-
Guthrie. 67-83.
---. Interview. Elsie B. Washington. 1987. “Talk with Toni Morrison.” Taylor-
Guthrie. 234-38.
---. Interview. Mel Watkins. 1977. “Talk with Toni Morrison.” Taylor-Guthrie.
43-47.
---. Interview. Judith Wilson. “A Conversation with Toni Morrison.” 1981.
Taylor-Guthrie. 129-37.
---. Jazz. London: Vintage-Random, 1992.
---. Love. New York: Knopf-Random, 2003.
---. Paradise. 1997. London: Vintage-Random, 1999.
298
---. Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and Literary Imagination. New York:
Vintage, 1993.
---. “Rootedness: The Ancestor as Foundation.” Evans. 339-60.
---. Song of Solomon. 1977. London: Vintage-Random, 1998
---. Sula. 1973. New York: Plume-Penguin, 1987.
---. Tar Baby. New York: Knopf-Random, 1981.
---. “Unspeakable Things Unspoken: The Afro-American Presence in American
Literature.” Michigan Quarterly Review 28 (1989): 1-34.
---.”What the Black Woman Thinks About Women’s Lib.” New York Times
Magazine, August 22, 1971, 15.
Moynihan, Daniel P. “The Moynihan Report” The Negro Family: The Case for
National Action. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, 1965.
The Moynihan Report and the Politics of Controversy: A Transaction
Social Science and Public Policy Report. Ed. Lee Rainwater and
William L. Yancey. Cambridge: MIT Press. 1967. 47-94.
Nadel, Alan. “Reading the Body: Alice Walker’s Meridian and the Archeology
of Self.” Modern Fiction Studies 34 (1988): 55-68.
Naylor, Gloria. Bailey’s Café. New York: Harcourt, 1992.
---. Linden Hills. New York: Ticknor, 1985.
---. Mama Day. New York: Ticknor, 1988.
299
---. The Men of Brewster Place. New York: Hyperion, 1998.
---. The Women of Brewster Place. 1980. London: Sphere, 1984.
Ogunyemi, Chikwenye Okonjo. “Order and Disorder in Toni Morrison’s The
Bluest Eye.” Critique 19 (1977): 112-20.
Otten, Terry. “Horrific Love in Toni Morrison’s Fiction.” Modern Fiction
Studies 39 (1993): 651-67.
Page, Philip. “Living with the Abyss in Gloria Naylor’s Bailey’s Café.” CLA
Journal 40 (1996): 21-45.
Palmer, Paulina. Contemporary Women’s Fiction: Narrative Practice and
Feminist Theory. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1989.
Parker-Smith, Bettye J. “Alice Walker’s Women: In Search of Some Peace of
Mind.” Evans 478-93.
Patterson, Orlando. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study.
Cambridge, Harvard UP, 1982.
Peach, Linden. Ed. Introduction. Toni Morrison. Houndmills: Macmillan, 1998.
Pearlman, Mickey and Katherine Usher Henderson. Inter/View: Talks with
America’s Writing Women. : UP of Kentucky, 1990.
Peréz-Torres, Rafael. “Knitting and Knotting the Narrative Thread: Beloved as
Postmodern Novel.” Modern Fiction Studies 39 (1993): 689-707.
Petry, Ann. The Street. Boston: Miffin, 1946.
300
Pifer, Lynn. “Coming to Voice in Alice Walker’s Meridian: Speaking Out for
the Revolution.” African American Review 26 (1992): 77-88.
Puhr, Kathleen M. “Healers in Gloria Naylor’s Fiction.” Twentieth Century
Literature 40 (1994): 518-27.
Randle, Gloria T. “‘Knowing When to Stop’: Loving and Living Small in the
Slave World of Beloved.” CLA Journal 41 (1998): 279-302.
Ranveer, Kashinath. Black Feminist Consciousness: A Study of Black Women
Writers. Jaipur: Printwell, 1995.
Reich, Annie. “A Contribution to Psychoanalysis of Extreme Submissiveness in
Women.” Essential Papers on the Psychology of Women. Zanardi 198-206.
Reich, Adrienne. of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution.
New York: Norton: 1976.
Rigney, Barbara Hill. “Hagar’s Mirror: Self and Identity in Morrison’s Fiction.”
Peach. 52-69.
---. The Voices of Toni Morrison. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1991.
Rodrigues, Eusebio L. “Experiencing Jazz.” Modern Fiction Studies 39 (1993):
733- 53.
Rosenblatt, Roger. Black Fiction. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1974.
Ross, Daniel W. “Celie in the Looking Glass: The Desire for Selfhood in The
Color Purple.” Modern Fiction Studies 1 (1988): 69-84.
301
Rubenstein, Roberta. “Pariahs and Community.” Toni Morrison. Gates and
Appiah 126-58.
Rushdy, Ashraf H.A. “Rememory: Primal Scenes and Constructions in Toni
Morrison’s Novels.” Contemporary Literature 31 (1990): 300-323.
Russell, Sandy. Render Me My Song: African-American Women Writers from
Slavery to the Present. New York: St. Martin’s, 1990.
Sale, Maggie. “Call and Response in Critical Method: African-American Oral
Traditions and Beloved.” African American Review 26 (1992): 41-50.
Samuels, Wilfred D. and Clenora Hudson-Weems. Toni Morrison. Boston:
Twayne, 1990.
Sandiford, K.A. “Gothic and Intertextual Constructions in Linden Hills.”
Arizona Quarterly 47 (1991): 117-39.
Saunders, James Robert. The Wayward Preacher in the Literature of African
American Women. Jefferson: Mac Farland, 1995.
Shaw, George Bernard. Pygmalion. 1913. London: Orient, 1954.
Showalter, Elaine. A Criticism of Our Own: Autonomy and Assimilation in
Afro-American Feminist Literary Theory.
---. A Literature of Their Own: British Novelists from Bronte to Lessing.
Princeton: Princeton UP, 1977.
302
---. Sister’s Choice: Tradition and Change in American Women’s Writing.
Oxford: Oxford UP, 1991.
Smith, Barbara. “Toward a Black Feminist Criticism.” Gloria Hull, et al. 167-75.
Smith, Valerie. Self-Discovery and Authority in Afro-American Narrative.
Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1987.
Spillers, Hortense. “A Hateful Passion, a Lost Love.” Toni Morrison. Gates and
Appiah. 210-35.
---. “Mama’s Baby, Papa’s Maybe: An American Grammar Book.” Diacritics
17 (1987): 65-81.
Stepto, Robert B. From Behind the Veil: A Study of Afro-American Narrative.
1979. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1991.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom’s Cabin. 1852. New York: Dutton, 1909.
Tanner, Laura E. “Reading Rape: Sanctuary and The Women of Brewster
Place.” American Literature 62 (1990): 559-82.
Tate, Claudia, Ed. Black Women Writers at Work. New York: Continuum, 1983.
Taylor-Guthrie, Danille, Ed. Conversations with Toni Morrison. Jackson: UP of
Mississippi, 1994.
Toombs, Charles P. “The Confluence of Food and Identity in Gloria Naylor’s
Linden Hills: ‘What We Eat Is Who We Is’.” CLA Journal 37 (1993): 1-18.
Toomer, Jean. Cane.1923. New York: Perennial Classic, 1969.
303
Trace, Jacqueline. “Dark Goddesses: Black Feminist Theology in Morrison’s
Beloved.” Obsidian II 3 (1991): 14-30.
Turner, Darwin T. “Theme, Characterization and Style in the Works of Toni
Morrison.” Black Women. Ed. Mari Evans. 361-69.
Wade-Gayles, Gloria. No Crystal Stair: Visions of Race and Sex in Black
Women’s Fiction. New York: Pilgrim, 1984.
Wakefield, Dan. “Bailey’s Café.” Gloria Naylor. Gates and Appiah 30-32.
Walker, Alice. The Color Purple. 1982. New York: Pocket Books, 1985.
---. In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens: Womanist Prose. New York: Harcourt,
1983.
---. Meridian. 1976. New York: Pocket Books, 1986.
---. Once: Poems. New York: Harcourt, 1968.
---. The Temple of My Familiar. New York: Harcourt, 1988.
---. The Third Life of Grange Copeland. New York: Harcourt, 1970.
---. Interview. John O’Brien. Interviews With Black Writers. Ed. John O’Brien.
New York: Liveright, 1973.
Walker, Margaret. Jubilee. 1966. New York: Bantam, 1967.
Walker, Melissa, Down from the Mountain Top: Black Women’s Novels in the
Wake of the Civil Rights Movement, 1966-1989. New Haven: Yale UP,
1991.
304
Walker, Robbie J. “Coping Strategies of the Women in Alice Walker’s Novels:
Implications for Survival.” CLA Journal 30 (1987): 401-18.
Wallace, Michele. Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman. New York:
Dial, 1978.
Ward, Catherine C. “Linden Hills: A Modern Inferno.” Gloria Naylor. Gates
and Appiah 182-94.
Washington, Mary Helen. Black-Eyed Susans: Classic Stories by and about
Women. Garden City: Anchor-Doubleday, 1975.
---. Midnight Birds: Stories of Contemporary Black Women Writers. Garden
City: Anchor, 1980.
Weld, Theodore D. “Slavery a System of Inherent Cruelty.” Appendix to
Narrative of Sojourner Truth. Andrews and Gates 662-74.
West, Dorothy. The Living Is Easy. New York: Arno, 1948.
White, Vernessa, C. Afro-American and East German Fiction. New York:
Lang, 1983.
Wickenden, Dorothy. “The Women of Brewster Place.” Gloria Naylor. Gates
and Appiah 4-6.
Williams, Sherley Anne. Dessa Rose. New York: Morrow, 1986.
305
Willis, Susan. “Black Women Writers: Taking a Critical Perspective.” Making
a Difference: Feminist Literary Criticism. Eds. Gayle Greene and
Coppelia Kahn. London: Routledge, 1988. 211-237.
---. “Eruptions of Funk: Historicizing Toni Morrison.” Toni Morrison. Gates
and Appiah 308-29.
---. Specifying: Black Women Writing the American Experience. Madison:
U of Wisconsin P, 1987.
Winter, Kari J. Subjects of Slavery, Agents of Change: Novels and Slave
Narratives 1790-1865. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1992.
Wisker, Gina. “Dismembered and Unaccounted For: Reading Toni Morrison’s
Beloved and Alice Walker’s The Temple of My Familiar.” Black
Women’s Writing. Ed. Gina Wisker. New York: St. Martin’s, 1993. 78-95.
Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One’s Own. New York: Harcourt, 1929.
Wright, Richard. Native Son. 1940. New York: Perennial Classic, 1966.
Zanardi, Claudia. Essential Papers on the Psychology of Women. New York:
New York UP, 1990.