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7/22/2019 [Vineeth C S] Stirling Engine a Beginners Guide(BookZa.org)
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VINEETH C S
7/22/2019 [Vineeth C S] Stirling Engine a Beginners Guide(BookZa.org)
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7/22/2019 [Vineeth C S] Stirling Engine a Beginners Guide(BookZa.org)
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STRILING ENGINES:
A BEGINNERS GUIDE
VINEETH C S
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C R:
C R
. A
.@..
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Dedicated to my parents,
S. Chandran &
Dr. Suja
- Tread where there is no path
and leave a trail.
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FOREWORD
I have great pleasure to write a forward to the very fundamental book on Stirling
Engines - A Beginners Guide, authored by Vineeth C S who completed his final
year project under my guidance as a part of his B Tech degree course in
Mechanical Engineering at College of Engineering Thiruvananthapuram. During
initial phase of our discussion about the project work, I asked him to learn more
about Stirling Engines which can be a source of Mechanical work output, derived
from solar energy. The committed effort by Vineeth C S turns out to be the book
on Stirling Engines - A Beginners Guide. I am personally proud of his venture
because, to the best of my knowledge, Mr. Vineeth C S is the first Engineering
college student in Kerala state who authored a book on a technical subject and the
author deserves high level of appreciation for an outcome of this effort. I am
certain that this book would provide a wealth of information to the students who
desire to deepen their understanding about Stirling Engines. I hope that Mr.
Vineeth C S, who is going to join at the Indian Institute of Science, Banglaore, for
his higher studies, will continue his endeavor and the technical community will be
benefited from similar kind of outcome. I wish him all success.
Happy reading to all
Dr. G VenugopalAssociate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Thiruvananthapuram
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PREFACE
D , I B.T
, I S E. E , ,
. R
. W
, I
.
T . T
. S
,
. F A R
.
I D. G V, A. P M
E, ,
. I R R M,
. I
I . I
. I
, I
(A ).
I I ,
, , I
. P
.
VINEETH C S
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 12. HISTORY 3
2.1. ROBERT STIRLING 32.2. PROFESSOR IVO KOLIN .. 52.3. PROFESSOR JAMES SENFT 6
3. THE STIRLING CYCLE 74. THE BASIC STIRLING ENGINE 105. PARTS OF A STIRLING ENGINE 13
5.1. HEAT EXCHANGERS . 135.2. PISTON .. 135.3. DISPLACER .. 145.4. FLYWHEEL 155.5. REGENERATOR . 16
6. TYPES OF STIRLING ENGINES 176.1. ALPHA STIRLING ENGINE .. 19
6.1.1. ROSS YOKE DRIVE FOR ALPHA STIRLING ENGINES .. 256.2. DOUBLE ACTING TYPE STIRLING ENGINE .. 266.3. BETA STIRLING ENGINE .. 30
6.3.1. RHOMBIC DRIVE FOR BETA STIRLING ENGINES .. 376.4. GAMMA STIRLING ENGINE .. 386.5. LOW TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL STIRLING ENGINES . 446.6. RINGBOM STIRLING ENGINES . 466.7. FREE PISTON STIRLING ENGINES .. 50
6.7.1. FLUIDYNE ENGINE . 556.7.2. FLUIDYNE PUMP . 576.7.3. FREE PISTON ALTERNATOR STIRLING ENGINE . 58
6.8. MULTIPHASE STIRLING ENGINE 596.9. ROTARY STIRLING ENGINE 61
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7. STIRLING CYROCOOLERS 627.1. REVERSED STIRLING CYCLE ... 637.2. DUPLEX STIRLING CYCLE . 65
8. PERFORMANCE OF STIRLING ENGINES 668.1. STRENGTHS . 668.2. WEAKNESS .. 678.3. PRESSURIZATION .. 688.4. THE WORKING FLUID . 708.5. PRESSURE VARIATIONS INSIDE CYLINDERS 718.6. TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS OF CYLINDERS 728.7. BEALE NUMBER 738.8. WEST NUMBER . 73
9. APPLICATION OF STIRLING ENGINES 759.1. SOLAR BASED POWER GENERATION . 759.2. SOLAR THERMAL PUMPING SYSTEM . 769.3. STIRLING ENGINES IN AUTOMOBILES 779.4. CHIP COOLING 789.5. TOP USES OF STIRLING ENGINE IN HISTORY 79
10. HOW TO MAKE A STIRLING ENGINE MODEL 8010.1.TEST TUBE STIRLING ENGINE .. 8010.2.TWO CAN STIRLING ENGINE . 84
11. HOW DO I MAKE A REAL STIRLING ENGINE? 9312. SUGGESTED FURTHER REFFERENCE 95
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1
INTRODUCTION
T S , ,
S C. A S
. U
( ),
. T
, .
W S ? Y
. T
CARNOT EFFICIENCY. T C
S E . M
S
. B , . T
.
E
. T
IC . T
, . I ,
? T
. I S
. MS I
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2
C., L (MSI), T, S
. S
.
"...
B. B
...
.
R' D. R S, 1876
"S E" G. W
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3
HISTORY
T S 1807, S G
C (1773 1857) E
. T
. B
.
ROBERT STIRLING:
O S 27, 1816, 26, C S R
S E, S. T
(
),
S E
. T F(3).T
, S E. T
D R M
.
T ,
. I R S
, E. I 1820' R
J,
. F
1827 1840.
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4
Fig (1): Model of a Stirling Engine made by Robert Stirling Fig (2): Robert Stirling
Fig (3): Drawings made by Robert Stirling for his patent in 1816*
* .
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5
PROFESSOR IVO KOLIN
Fig (4): Professor Ivo Kolin
E 1983, P I K U Z, C,
S
. T 100C,
. T
,
20C.
T
. T
,
. A '',
. A
, . D 1980', P K
,
.
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6
PROFFESOR JAMES R SENFT
Fig (5): Professor James R Senft
D 1980' 1990' P S U
W S . T
R ,
, R
. P S, P K,
S ,
S .
I 1992 P S
NASA. T , N92,
, 6C .
T MM7, F(30),
P S
. P S S E,
S
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7
THE STIRLING CYCLE
T S
S . T ( )
C .
F (6): T S C PV TS
P 12: I .
T
. T
, .
P 23: I .
T , T. T
.
P 34: I .
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8
T
. T . A
, .
P 41: I .
T
(T)
. T .
F (7): T S , .
W 100% ,
41 23. T
. T .
H 100% C
.
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9
M P:
C
P 34> H :
P 41 > H : P 12> H :
P 23>H :
( 100% )
S < 1, T.
H :
T 34
12, :
( =
)
H :
=
W =1 C
.
=1 = 1
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10
THE BASIC STIRLING ENGINE
L S
S . I ,
. N
.
P 12: I C
() A () A
T
. H
. T
.
P 12: I :
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11
T
, 100% . L
100%
. I
.
P 23 I
() A () A
T . T
. T . W
.
P 34 I
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12
T
. T
.
PRINCIPLES INVOLVED
T
. W
,
.
W
,
.
T T
. R
.
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13
PARTS OF A STIRLING ENGINE
1. HEAT EXCHANGERS:O S
.H . T
. A
,
.
T S
. A S
S
.
F(8): A A S
2. PISTON:A
,
. T
. T S
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14
. I
,
.
F(9) A A E . N .
3. DISPLACER:A
. T
. S ,
, . G
.
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15
F(10): A B S . N
.
4. FLYWHEEL:T , (
) . A
,
. N
.
T
. T
,
. S S
.
F(11): A B S .
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16
5. REGENERATORT S . I
. F
, ..
. B
. W
, . T
. S
.
F(12): R M S E.
R
. E ,
. A
,
.
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17
TYPES OF STIRLING ENGINES
S S ,
. T
( )
. T
( ). S
.
S S :
1. P T .
() A S :H . T
. B
.
() D A S E:I D A S E,
. U
, ( )
.
2. D S :T . T
. T
:
() B S E:
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T B S
. T
.
() G S :T G S
. T
.
() R S :T G S
.
I
.
() D S *A , G
S , ,
.
3. F S :T S . T
. T
.
4. R S E:T S S . T W
. O .
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19
ALPHA STIRLING ENGINE
T A S S
. B
90
.
T
,
. T
. I
.
F(13): A A S . N .
C S
A . T
A S
S .
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20
WORKING:
L S . F
S
P D E. T S
O D
. U S
S
/. F A S
.
1. T :
A , ,
( ) O D C (ODC)
( ) T
D C (TDC). T
. T
.
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21
N S ,
P 23 (C V H A)
. T
(
)
. A ,
.
A
.
2. E P :
T 90
. A . T
( ). T
,
. T
.
N . A ,
TDC B D C (BDC). A
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22
.
A S , 34 (I
). A ,
I . P
,
.
T ,
. E S ,
.
3. T :
T
. T 90( 180
) ODC
I D C (IDC). T . T
.
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23
W 41 (C V )
S . T C
.
T .
4. C S:
T 90 (270 ). T
BDC IDC. T
,
. A
TDC ( IDC). T
.
O S 12 (IC). S ,
. (T
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24
).S ,
.
A
. T
. T
.
T
. L
. U
S .
( )
.
.
.
F A ://../.
http://www.animatedengines.com/vstirling.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/vstirling.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/vstirling.shtml7/22/2019 [Vineeth C S] Stirling Engine a Beginners Guide(BookZa.org)
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ROSS YOKE DRIVE FOR ALPHA STIRLING ENGINES
F(14): A A S R Y *.
T R , S A
R O, S E . E
A ,
200 .
T S . M
. T
. M,
. R
.
://../.
http://www.animatedengines.com/ross.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/ross.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/ross.shtml7/22/2019 [Vineeth C S] Stirling Engine a Beginners Guide(BookZa.org)
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DOUBLE ACTING TYPE STIRLING ENGINE
T S A S
, . T ,
. T
A . S W S
S .
F(15): A D S .
T
. H
. T
. A
90 .
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T
,
. A
, R ,
S .
F(16):C R F(17):G
F(18):A S S *
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A
. E
. W B
S I.,
.
F(19): M W B
T (
S )
. F
.
T ,
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, .
M .
WORKING:
F S
, A S . A
A S ,
A
A . T A S
, A S
, . T
,
90.
W , . F
, A
.
D
( ). A
,
. A
, . H
23 S (I
). T
BDC , ,
. I
( 34),
. S
. D
.
://..//
http://www.whispergen.com/main/technologyhttp://www.whispergen.com/main/technologyhttp://www.whispergen.com/main/technology7/22/2019 [Vineeth C S] Stirling Engine a Beginners Guide(BookZa.org)
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BETA STIRLING ENGINE
A B S S
. U
90
, A S ,
. I
R S B S . T
,
.
F(20): A B S .
T S
.
T .
I
,
. T
RPM
.
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F(21): A B S .( )
WORKING:
T B S A S
. T
. T
/ B
. A
A ,
.
CRANK POSITION WITH RESPECT TO STROKE
F A , . I , 90
( IDC),
.
A B S
. T
. T
. R .
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F(22): P B
.
S B ,
. F , , 90
. A
,
. F
,
BDC .
T 90 90
. N
. I
. W
.
1. T :
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A , ( ,
) IDC IDC. F , . T
. (R
/ .).
F(23): D F(23): D
A ,
. T (
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34
) . (S
90
). T
.
T , ..
23 S . S
, ,
. T
. S B ,
, .
F
. T
.
2. E
A
ODC.
T 90 . T
ODC.
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T
A S
B A .
F(24) D F(24) D
F ,
, ,
. T
34 S .
3. T .
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A , IDC,
ODC. T 90 ( 180
). T ,
. T
.
T
41 S
. N
.
4. C :
A 90 (270 ),
. T
IDC. T
. T
, . T
( 12) S .
A ,
.
://../.
http://www.animatedengines.com/stirling.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/stirling.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/stirling.shtml7/22/2019 [Vineeth C S] Stirling Engine a Beginners Guide(BookZa.org)
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RHOMBIC DRIVE FOR BETA STIRLING ENGINES
F(25): S B S R D.
T R ,
, .
T B S . I R M P
, H, B S
1960.
A , , . T
. H
,
. D
, .
://../2///3.
http://www.geocities.com/~rrice2/my_engines/ttr/page3.htmlhttp://www.geocities.com/~rrice2/my_engines/ttr/page3.htmlhttp://www.geocities.com/~rrice2/my_engines/ttr/page3.html7/22/2019 [Vineeth C S] Stirling Engine a Beginners Guide(BookZa.org)
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GAMMA STIRLING ENGINE
A G S S ,
. T
.U
() A B S .
E (
) A . M
. T
, A S
. I
S
. S
G
.
S
,
. L
B S . A
, G S ,
.
A G S
. T G S R S L T S
E. T L T S
.
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F(26) A G S
F(27) A CAD S
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O G E
S
( ). A
. M . G
(
) .
F(28): A G S .( )
N . A
, .
WORKING
T G S B S
, . T
( ), . B
. T
B S
. R () .
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1. T :
A
( FIG28). T TDC
. T
,
C S (P 23).
2. E
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A 90, ,
..
. A ,
TDC TDC. A
. T
34 S .
A
. T
.
N
. I
.
3. T .
T 90 (180
),
. T
BDC TDC. A
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. T
41 S .
4. C
A 90(270 ),
. A BDC,
. T . N
. T
. I
, .
T S 12. T
G S
.
://../.
http://www.animatedengines.com/ltdstirling.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/ltdstirling.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/ltdstirling.shtml7/22/2019 [Vineeth C S] Stirling Engine a Beginners Guide(BookZa.org)
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LOW TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL STIRLING ENGINE
A S
,
C. I 1980, P I K J S
. D. S'
. T
C T S E. I
, ..
2 6.
F(29): A S .
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T G S
, . I
. T
, . T
.
T . T
, 1W
.
F(30): D S H H . A M MM7 S
A S .
T MM7 , ,
4. T
S 0.5, 1990.
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RINGBOM STIRLING ENGINES
R S G S
. T
. T BDC; . T
T
, .
F(31): A R S .
T R S (
). T
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. I
.
W:
L R S ,
. S
R G S ,
( )
.
F(32): A R .
T ,
. A
. S
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, .
B
.
T
. (P
.) W
(
),
. A ,
.
,
. A
.
1. T A , (
S , 23 )
, .
R S
. A P> P> P..
2. E A , . T
, . T
, . N
.
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N 34 S
.
3. T .T
. S 41 S . T
. A ,
,
.
4. C .A ,
. T
. A ,
,
. T 12 S
, .
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FREE PISTON STRILING ENGINES
F P S
. T
. S
,
. T
. A S
, .
F(33): A S , .
W.T B S
, 1960. S
S . M
,
.
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F(34): S S . N
. S: WIKIPEDIA
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WORKING:
T S R
S . L S ,
S .I ,
,
. D R ;
R .
1. T :
A ,
R ,
. T .
V
.
2. E :
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A , ( S )
,
. T ,
. A TDC.
3. T :
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O ,
. T
. T
BDC
.
4. C :
T . T
,
. A , . T
BDC . D
.
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FLUIDYNE ENGINE
T A G S .
T L P S E. T
G . T F
. M
. V
. B
. I
.
F(35): A F .
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T S
, . A
(FIG35) G S
, ( ) ,
. M
,
. T
.
T F
. M
.. . T
.
F(36): A . F A B
.
F .
O F
.
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FLUIDYNE PUMP
W F , F .
U F
F . W , . N
, .
E ,
. A
F .
F(37): A F
I F
F . T
F . T ,
. S
.
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MULTIPHASE STIRLING ENGINE
T M S S
S .
T UC B A DM P S R. S.
F(39): T M S B
T B
S , 12.7 . I
$5 ,
$1 .
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DESCRIPTION:
T S
S 120 .
T ..
. T
.
T .
T O
. E
, ,
.
F(40): D F(40): D
T
. T . T
,
. A
. A
(6 ) .
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ROTARY STIRLING ENGINE
T S S
. T W
, .
F(41): D R L D S
(2005)
A
S . A ,
. A
S Q (
) .
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STIRLING CRYOCOOLERS
W C
. S S
S . E S 1916, 1834,
J H S . T S P 1950
.
F(42): R S . P 4W 60K
120 W .
T S D S
. T ,
, . T
. R
V C R
S .
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REVERSED STIRLING CYCLE
B S
S . F
.
F(43) T S .
P 12: I :
T .
T, . T
V
.
P 23: I :
T . A ,
,
. T .
T V
.
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P 34: I :
T
, .
T, . T V .
P 41: I :
T , , . T
, . T
. T
V .
WORKING:
W ,
. T S
. M /
. I , S C
.
T (
S ). A ,
. D ,
. A
( S
). T
. T
.
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DUPLEX STIRLING ENGINE
T D S S
..
.
F(44) A D S .
B D S S (
) S ( ). T S
. I
. T
.
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PERFORMANCE OF STIRLING ENGINES
STRENGTHS:
1. S .
2. T . T
.
3. I ( ), S
. R
, .
4. A ,
IC .
5. T . T S
.
6. T . T
. T
.
7. T , IC . H /
.
8. I IC , S .
9. T . W
10.E .
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WEAKNESS:
1. S , .
T IC S
.
2. A S . I S
. T ,
S , S
.
M . T
S
.
3. T S . A IC
(
). B S
. T
,
.4. S S . U IC
, S
. F 25 ,
5 107 /,
.
5. S ( ). T
. M S .
6. I S . U . T
.
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PRESSURIZATION
I R S J S
S . P
S . B , , . M
,
.
E:
T S
.
7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.
F(45):E / E S .
I
. T
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. (R
).
P:
P S
.
17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.
25.F(46): P / E .
A ,
.
H .
A S .
H ,
.
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THE WORKING FLUID
T ,
. M ,
.
H S
, . M
S H . I
,
.
H ,
, . H
. M
.
T
. M S
. O , S
. T S
. S N
.
I A O,
S , ,
S .
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PRESSURE VARIATIONS INSIDE CYLINDERS
T
S . L
A S .
F(47): P
T 0
. I
( P. 90). A (180),
. F
(P.),
180
.
T B G S ,
. H
. T
. A
R S .
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TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS OF CYLINDERS
I S
. W
.
F(48): T
A
, ( ) . T
. A
,
. D ,
. T
. A
.
T
. T
. F
.
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BEALE NUMBER
T B N
S . I S .
F , B N 0.11 0.15,
.
M,
W,
T B
T W
A P.
S
F H
WEST NUMBER
T W
S S . I
B . I W 0.25
W 0.35.
M
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I ,
W,
T W
T K
T K
B ,
.
.
N
. A
S B
W N. O
, ,
S .
D. K H, S ,
S . T
://...////.( G S
),
.
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/academic/simple/simplee.htmhttp://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/academic/simple/simplee.htmhttp://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/academic/simple/simplee.htm7/22/2019 [Vineeth C S] Stirling Engine a Beginners Guide(BookZa.org)
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APPLICATION OF STIRLING ENGINES
SOLAR BASED POWER GENERATION
S E . T
. M
S , . T
.
F(49): S
I 30 S
76000 W
. T ,
. I S N ,
. T
..
; . A S C E
,
.
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SOLAR THERMAL PUMPING SYSTEM:
T S . A
S
. T .
F(50): SUNPULSETM: A S .
BSR S T, S
. T S
. H
S .
T 3 2
100. I 0.5 1
H 100 , 1000
1 2 .
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STIRLING ENGINES IN AUTOMOBILES
T S
1980 . I 1970
GM F S I C . A
,
. F S ,
. M
20 !. T
1980 . C
S
.
C () ()
F (51) ) 1979 AMC S S .
)T P40 S .
S . S
. A
S . S
. U
,
S
.
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CHIP COOLING
M MSI (T)
S . T S
S .
() ()
F(52): ) MSI S
) S S .
T . F
. M
, S
. T S
( ). T,
,
S .
I S
70% .
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TOP USES OF STIRLING ENGINES IN HISTORY
Cordless hair dryers
Heats homes in The Netherlands with 50-75 hp engine.
Provides basic power in Bangladesh and African villages by burning rice huskson the hot side of the engine (Lockwood engine).
Powers oceanographic exploration submarine for Jacques Costeau, the Saga, so
his team can quietly sneak up on the fishes and the whales.
Power the quietest military submarines in the worlda 1300 hp Stirling engine
drives subs in the Swedish and Danish fleets.
Powers remote scientific research stations in Antarctica, providing power to run
the experiments, the telescope, and send back data to scientists in warmer
locations. Powers a new generation powerless processor cooling fan.Provides power to homes and industries in Las Vegas, Nevada. The heat source
is a series of solar collectors.
A car: the AMC Spirit was powered by a Stirling engine in the 1970s.
Fans: from the 1880s to 1930s, fans were often powered by Stirling engines.
Radios: In the 1930s, an engineer from Philips Electronics in The Netherlands
found a Stirling fan at a flea market. Buying it, he adapted the engine to run a
radio. Unfortunately, the transistor was invented soon after, making the moreexpensive Stirling radio obsolete.
As a veritable replacement for any steam engine, the Stirling engine is much
saferwhich is why the Reverend Robert Stirling invented it in 1816!
Refrigerators and freezers: Sun Power of Athens, Ohio developed Stirling-
powered refrigeration units in the 1980s but they did not enter the market.
Stirling cycle coolers generate liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen in labs all
around the world. Its a moderately priced way to do so!
A yacht: Philips Electronics developed a 90 hp Stirling use for marine use. Domestic water pumps were powered by Stirling engines from 1870s to
1920s. Developments such as the SUNPULSE TM and ongoing researches in
Fluidyne engine promises better water pumps.
Sewing machines were powered by Stirling engines from 1870s to 1920s.
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HOW TO MAKE A STIRLING ENGINE MODEL
T
S . A S
. A . H S
.
TEST TUBE STIRLING ENGINE :
(COURTESY: ...)
P R:
(1) T 1, (2) S 1, (3) M 5, (4) R 1, (5) R 1, (6) R 1, (7) W 8, (8) B
1, (9) F 2, (10) R 1, (11) R 1, (12)
A 1
S 1: P , .
S 2: S
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. S .
S 3:H . W
, .
T
. I , . I
,
.
S 4: A .
S 5: P
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.
S 6: S .
S 7: S
.
S 8: I .
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S 8: P . A T .
L .
Y
( ),
. A Y S E E
.
A .
.
1.://...///.
2. ://..////
3.://..//A
E
.(P XY).
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mk_can.htmhttp://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mk_can.htmhttp://sites.google.com/site/reukpower/can-stirling/make-a-coke-can-stirling-enginehttp://sites.google.com/site/reukpower/can-stirling/make-a-coke-can-stirling-enginehttp://sites.google.com/site/reukpower/can-stirling/make-a-coke-can-stirling-enginehttp://www.instructables.com/id/An-easy-to-build-Stirling-Engine-fanhttp://www.instructables.com/id/An-easy-to-build-Stirling-Engine-fanhttp://www.instructables.com/id/An-easy-to-build-Stirling-Engine-fanhttp://sites.google.com/site/reukpower/can-stirling/make-a-coke-can-stirling-enginehttp://sites.google.com/site/reukpower/can-stirling/make-a-coke-can-stirling-enginehttp://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/english/mk_can.htm7/22/2019 [Vineeth C S] Stirling Engine a Beginners Guide(BookZa.org)
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TWO CAN STIRLING ENGINE:
.( 8492).
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HOW DO I MAKE A REAL STIRLING ENGINE?
F , S . F
,
, RPM , , . S A
I A
S . T
S , .
. T B W
. T
' D. A .
D S .
O ,
. M CNC
. F ,
CNC . A S
.
A S S
IC . I
, A R
S . T A
,
.
T S .
T . T
S
S
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TOP STIRLING ENGINE MANUFACUTRES
NEW ZEALAND:
WT : C .T
S .
USA:
S : T W B, S . I F P S E
S .
A S E C: T .
S T I : C S , ST5.
DENMARK:
S D : A D S .
SWEDEN:
K : T S .
BRITAN:
K : T L T DS E.
TAIWAN:
P T : T S . S PC
.
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SUGGESTED FURTHER REFERENCE
ANIMATIONS:
://...//2. R S .
://../. A E. ://../.B E. ://../. G E. ://../. R Y M. ://../2///3. R
D.
://..// D S .
BOOKS:
G. W
J R S B W B J R S J R
S
DESIGN:
D. A J. O W R M A R ://../SEDAF.
http://www.stirlingengines.org.uk/pioneers/pion2.htmlhttp://www.stirlingengines.org.uk/pioneers/pion2.htmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/vstirling.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/vstirling.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/stirling.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/stirling.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/ltdstirling.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/ltdstirling.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/ross.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/ross.shtmlhttp://www.geocities.com/~rrice2/my_engines/ttr/page3.htmlhttp://www.geocities.com/~rrice2/my_engines/ttr/page3.htmlhttp://www.whispergen.com/main/technologyhttp://www.whispergen.com/main/technologyhttp://www.sesusa.org/SEDAF.htmhttp://www.sesusa.org/SEDAF.htmhttp://www.sesusa.org/SEDAF.htmhttp://www.whispergen.com/main/technologyhttp://www.geocities.com/~rrice2/my_engines/ttr/page3.htmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/ross.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/ltdstirling.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/stirling.shtmlhttp://www.animatedengines.com/vstirling.shtmlhttp://www.stirlingengines.org.uk/pioneers/pion2.html7/22/2019 [Vineeth C S] Stirling Engine a Beginners Guide(BookZa.org)
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STIRLING ENGINE MANUFACTURERS:
WT ://.. S ://.. A S C ://.. S T I ://.. S D ://.. K : ://.. K ://... P T ://..
TECHNICAL PAPERS:
(2006) A .
(2009) Artin Der Minassians and Seth R.Sanders.
(2006) B .
(1999) .
(2008) D.. .. .
http://www.whispergen.com/http://www.whispergen.com/http://www.sunpower.com/http://www.sunpower.com/http://www.stirlingengine.com/http://www.stirling-tech.com/http://www.stirling-tech.com/http://www.stirling.dk/http://www.kockums.se/http://www.kockums.se/http://www.stirlingengine.co.uk/http://www.stirlingengine.co.uk/http://www.polo-tech.com/http://www.polo-tech.com/http://www.polo-tech.com/http://www.stirlingengine.co.uk/http://www.kockums.se/http://www.stirling.dk/http://www.stirling-tech.com/http://www.stirlingengine.com/http://www.sunpower.com/http://www.whispergen.com/