VIN014 PVC Technical Manual 2011

2PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Introduction

QualityISO 9001Lic 570

PVC Pressure Pipe & FittingsTechnical Manual

DisclaimerMinimum pack quantities apply to all products, orders will automatically be adjusted to minimum pack quantities or multiple.

Limitation of LiabilityThis product catalogue has been compiled by Vinidex Pty Limited (“the Company”) to promote better understanding of the technical aspects of the Company’s products to assist users in obtaining from them the best possible performance. The product catalogue is supplied subject to acknowledgement of the following conditions: 1 The product catalogue is protected by copyright and may not be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means in whole or in part without prior consent in writing by the Company.. 2 Product specifications, usage data and advisory information may change from time to time with advances in research and field experience. The Company reserves the right to make such changes at any time without further notice. 3 Correct usage of the Company’s products involves engineering judgements, which can not be properly made without full knowledge of all the conditions pertaining to each specific installation. The Company expressly disclaims all and any liability to any person whether supplied with this publication or not in respect of anything and all of the consequences of anything done or omitted to be done by any such person in reliance whether whole or part of the contents of this publication. 4 No offer to trade, nor any conditions of trading, are expressed or implied by the issue of content of this product catalogue. Nothing herein shall override the Company’s Condition of Sale, which may be obtained from the Registered Office or any Sales Office of the Company. 5 This product catalogue is and shall remain the property of the Company, and shall be surrendered on demand to the Company. 6 Information supplied in this product catalogue does not override a job specification, where such conflict arises; consult the authority supervising the job. © Copyright Vinidex Pty Limited..


Introduction

ContentsIntroduction 3

Manufacture 4

Quality Assurance 6

Research And Development 6


Introduction

Vinidex Pty Limited is Austra-lia’s leading manufacturer of PVC pipes.From its modest beginnings in Sydney in 1960, the company has grown dynamically with factories now located in Sydney, Melbourne, Perth, Brisbane, Townsville and Wagga. Supply depots are maintained in Adelaide, Dar-win, Launceston and Mildura.Vinidex pipe and fitting systems are used in a broad cross-section of applications including:

• Water, wastewater and drainage

• Irrigation• Mining and industrial• Plumbing• Gas• Communications• Electrical

Vinidex is the most experi-enced company in Australia in the supply of PVC pipes for mains water reticulation and was the first to produce a rubber ring jointed pressure pipe. Early Vinidex rubber ring joint installations include:1966, with the Victorian Rural Water Commission (previously State Rivers and Water Supply Commission)1967, with the New South Wales Department of Public Works for water supply projects.

Vinidex pressure pipe and fittings are manufactured from high quality PVC polymer.Vinidex specifications exceed the requirements of the various national and state specifying authorities and Standards Australia.

Vinidex pressure pipes and fittings combine the unique physical properties of PVC polymer with the most advanced manufacturing techniques and will continue to meet the exacting demands of the water supply industry in Australia and a growing number of overseas countries, well into the 21st century.

PVC pipe is the world’s most widely used medium for conveyance of fluids.After centuries of use of ancient materials such as clay, lead, iron and more recently steel, Ductile Iron and asbestos cement, PVC has, in a comparatively short 50 years, invaded all of the traditional applications of these materials to become the premier pipe material, measured by length or value, in the world today.The product has well recog-nised advantages of immunity to corrosion, chemical and micro-/macro-biological resistance, hydraulic capacity, ease of handling and installa-tion together with toughness and flexibility to withstand abuse. Its widespread applica-tions are largely attributable to these features.Pipe applications fall into two broad categories primarily determined by the dominance of either internal pressure or external loading over

design. They are referred to as ‘pressure’ or ‘non-pressure’ applications.This manual covers pressure applications with particular emphasis on general water supply. Other applications include irrigation, industrial, and pumped sewerage mains. It provides state-of-the-art information on material char-acteristics and performance, pipe selection and system design procedures, installation recommendations and detailed product specification data for both pipe and fittings. To date this is the most comprehensive technical manual published in Australia on PVC pressure pipe systems.

From Modest Beginning to Australia’s Leader

PVC Pipe - World Leader


Introduction

Figure 1.1 Typical Pipe Extrusion Line

Raw MaterialWeighing Mixing Batching Extruder Head & Die Sizing Bath

Basically, PVC products are formed from raw PVC powder by a process of heat and pres-sure. The two major processes used in manufacture are extrusion for pipe and injection moulding for fittings.Modern PVC processing involves highly developed scientific methods requiring precise control over process variables. The polymer material is a free flowing powder, which requires the addition of sta-bilisers and processing aids. Formulation and blending are critical stages of the process and tight specifications are maintained for incoming raw materials, batching and mixing. Feed to the extrusion or moulding machines may be direct, in the form of “dry blend”, or pre-processed into a granular “compound”.

Polymer and additives (1) are accurately weighed (2) and processed through the high speed mixing (3) to blend the raw materials into a uniformly distributed dry blend mixture. A mixing temperature of around 120°C is achieved by frictional heat. At various stages of the mixing process, the additives melt and progressively coat the PVC polymer granules. After reaching the required temperature, the blend is automatically discharged into a cooling chamber which rapidly reduces the temperature to around 50°C, thereby allowing

the blend to be conveyed to intermediate storage (4) where even temperature and density consistency are achieved.The heart of the process, the extruder (5), has a temperature-controlled, zoned barrel in which rotate precision “screws”. Modern extruder screws are complex devices, carefully designed with varying flights to control the compres-sion and shear, developed in the material, during all stages of the process. The twin counter-rotating screw configuration used by all major manufacturers offers improved processing.The PVC dryblend is metered into the barrel and screws, which then convert the dry blend into the required “melt” state, by heat, pressure and shear. During its passage along the screws, the PVC passes through a number of zones that compress, homogenise and vent the melt stream. The final zone increases the pressure to extrude the melt through the head and die set (6) which is shaped according to the size of the pipe required and flow characteristics of the melt stream. Once the pipe leaves the extrusion die, it is sized by passing through a precision sizing sleeve with external vacuum. This is sufficient to harden the exterior layer of PVC and hold the pipe diameter during final cooling in a controlled water cooling chambers (8).

The pipe is pulled through the sizing and cooling operations by the puller or haul-off (9) at a constant speed. Speed control is very important when this equipment is used because the speed at which the pipe is pulled will affect the wall thickness of the finished product. In the case of rubber ring jointed pipe the haul-off is slowed down at appropriate intervals to thicken the pipe in the area of the socket.An in-line printer (10) marks the pipes at regular intervals, with identification according to size, class, type, date, Standard number, and extruder number.An automatic cut-off saw (11) cuts the pipe to the required length.A belling machine forms a socket on the end of each length of pipe (12). There are two general forms of socket. For rubber-ring jointed pipe, a collapsible mandrel is used, whereas a plain mandrel is used for solvent jointed sock-ets. Rubber ring pipe requires a chamfer on the spigot, which is executed either at the saw station or belling unit.The finished product is stored in holding areas for inspection and final laboratory testing and quality acceptance (13). All production is tested and inspected in accordance with the appropriate Australian Standard and/or to specifica-tions of the purchaser.After inspection and ac-ceptance, the pipe is stored to await final dispatch (14).

MANUFACTURE

Extrusion (Figure 1.1)


Introduction

The pipe is pulled through the sizing and cooling operations by the puller or haul-off (9) at a constant speed. Speed control is very important when this equipment is used because the speed at which the pipe is pulled will affect the wall thickness of the finished product. In the case of rubber ring jointed pipe the haul-off is slowed down at appropriate intervals to thicken the pipe in the area of the socket.An in-line printer (10) marks the pipes at regular intervals, with identification according to size, class, type, date, Standard number, and extruder number.An automatic cut-off saw (11) cuts the pipe to the required length.

A belling machine forms a socket on the end of each length of pipe (12). There are two general forms of socket. For rubber-ring jointed pipe, a collapsible mandrel is used, whereas a plain mandrel is used for solvent jointed sock-ets. Rubber ring pipe requires a chamfer on the spigot, which is executed either at the saw station or belling unit.The finished product is stored in holding areas for inspection and final laboratory testing and quality acceptance (13). All production is tested and inspected in accordance with the appropriate Australian Standard and/or to specifica-

tions of the purchaser.After inspection and ac-ceptance, the pipe is stored to await final dispatch (14).

For oriented PVC (PVC-O) pipes, the extrusion process is followed by an additional expansion process which takes place under well defined and carefully controlled conditions of temperature and pressure. It is during the expansion that the molecular orientation, which imparts the high strength typical of PVC-O, occurs.

PVC fittings are manufactured by high-pressure injection moulding. In contrast to con-tinuous extrusion, moulding is a repetitive cyclic process, where a “shot” of material is delivered to a mould in each cycle.

PVC material, either in dry blend powder form or granular compound form, is gravity fed from a hopper situated above the injection unit, into the barrel housing a reciprocating screw.

The barrel is charged with the required amount of plastic by the screw rotating and conveying the material to the front of the barrel. The position of the screw is set to a prede-

termined “shot size”. During this action, pressure and heat “plasticise” the material, which now in its melted state, awaits injection into the mould.

All this takes place during the cooling cycle of the previous shot. After a preset time the mould will open and the finished moulded fitting will be ejected from the mould.

The mould then closes and the melted plastic in the front of the barrel is injected under high pressure by the screw now acting as a plunger. The plastic enters the mould to form the next fitting.

After injection, recharge commences while the moulded fitting goes through its cooling cycle.

Injection Moulding


Introduction

Vinidex is committed to the philosophy of Total Qual-ity Management. All Vinidex manufacturing sites are certified to AS/NZS ISO 9002, “ Quality systems- Model for quality assurance in produc-tion, installation and servicing.”Vinidex was the first PVC pipe manufacturer in Australia to be awarded the prestigious StandardsMark product certification. Since that time, StandardsMark certification has been achieved by Vinidex for products to various Australian Standards, including AS/NZS 1477, PVC pipes and fittings for pressure applica-tions, AS/NZS 4765, Modified PVC (PVC-M) pipes for pres-sure applications and AS 4441 Oriented PVC (PVC-O) pipes for pressure applications.

From the raw materials enter-ing the factory to the delivery of the finished product, the Vinidex emphasis on quality and customer service ensures performance that exceeds the requirements of industry and standards.

All raw materials for Vinidex products must meet detailed specifications and suppliers are required to conform to strict quality assurance standards.

Production processes are enumerated, closely specified and continuously monitored and recorded. Inspection and control are exercised by properly trained personnel using calibrated equipment.

Products are examined and tested to ensure compliance with the relevant Australian Standard. Pipe production is fully traceable and test results are recorded for all extrusion and moulded products.

The tests specified in Austra-lian Standards can be divided into two main categories, type tests and quality control tests. Type tests are tests that are carried out to verify the acceptability of a formulation, process or product design. They are repeated whenever any of these factors changes. Dimensional checks and qual-ity control tests are routinely conducted at regular intervals during production. The follow-ing is a brief summary of the tests included in AS/NZS 1477, AS/NZS 4441(Int) and AS/NZS 4765 and their significance to pressure pipes and fittings.

• Effectonwater- This is a series of type tests carried out in order to demonstrate that the pipe or fitting does not have a detrimental effect on the quality of drinking water. It assesses the effect of the pipe or fittings on the taste, odour and appearance of water as well as the health aspects due to growth of microorganisms and leach-ing of toxic substances.

• Vinylchloridemonomertest- This requirement is to ensure that the residual VCM in PVC material does not exceed safe limits.

• Lighttransmissiontests- This test is conducted to ensure that PVC pipes have sufficient opacity to prevent growth of algae in the water conveyed. It is a type test for a given formulation and pipe wall thickness.

• Jointpressureandinfiltrationtests- Elastomeric ring joints are subjected to both an internal hydrostatic pres-sure test and an external pressure or internal vacuum test in order to ensure a satisfactory joint design.

• Processingtests- A number of tests are con-ducted in accordance with Standards to ensure the manufacturing process is consistent and repeated.

Vinidex has gained interna-tional recognition as leaders in PVC processing technology and product performance evaluation. New and existing materials and products un-dergo continuous examination. Advancements in polymer and processing technology are closely monitored.

Vinidex regards its commit-ment to research and develop-ment as part of its investment in the future of the company, its customers and Australia.

QUALITY ASSURANCE

Raw Material

Production Process Control

Product Testing

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT


Material

POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) 2

Different Types of Polyvinyl Chloride 2

Comparison Between OPVC, MPVC and Standard PVC 3

PROPERTIES OF PVC 3

Typical Properties 4

Mechanical Properties 6

Evaluated Temperatures 7

The Chemical Performance of PVC 8

Other Material Performance Aspects 9

Chemical Resistance of PVC - Performance Chart 11

Chemical Resistance of Various Elastomers - Performance Chart 30

Contents


Limitation of LiabilityThis product catalogue has been compiled by Vinidex Pty Limited (“the Company”) to promote better understanding of the technical aspects of the Company’s products to assist users in obtaining from them the best possible performance. The product catalogue is supplied subject to acknowledgement of the following conditions: 1 The product catalogue is protected by copyright and may not be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means in whole or in part without prior consent in writing by the Company.. 2 Product specifications, usage data and advisory information may change from time to time with advances in research and field experience. The Company reserves the right to make such changes at any time without further notice. 3 Correct usage of the Company’s products involves engineering judgements, which can not be properly made without full knowledge of all the conditions pertaining to each specific installation. The Company expressly disclaims all and any liability to any person whether supplied with this publication or not in respect of anything and all of the consequences of anything done or omitted to be done by any such person in reliance whether whole or part of the contents of this publication. 4 No offer to trade, nor any conditions of trading, are expressed or implied by the issue of content of this product catalogue. Nothing herein shall override the Company’s Condition of Sale, which may be obtained from the Registered Office or any Sales Office of the Company. 5 This product catalogue is and shall remain the property of the Company, and shall be surrendered on demand to the Company. 6 Information supplied in this product catalogue does not override a job specification, where such conflict arises; consult the authority supervising the job. © Copyright Vinidex Pty Limited..


Material

Polyvinyl chloride is a thermoplastics material which consists of PVC resin compounded with varying proportions of stabilisers, lubricants, fillers, pigments, plasticisers and processing aids. Different compounds of these ingredients have been developed to obtain specific groups of properties for different applications. How-ever, the major part of each compound is PVC resin.

The technical terminology for PVC in organic chemistry is poly (vinyl chloride): a polymer, i.e. chained molecules, of vinyl chloride. The brackets are not used in common literature and the name is commonly abbreviated to PVC. The common terminology is used throughout this publication. Where the discussion refers to a specific type of PVC pipe, that type will be explicitly identified as detailed below. Where the discussion is general, the term “PVC pipes” will be used to cover the range of PVC pipe materials in this manual.

The PVC compounds with the greatest short-term and long-term strengths are those that contain no plasticisers and the minimum of compounding ingredients. This type of PVC is known as UPVC or PVC-U. Other resins or modifiers (such as ABS, CPE or acrylics) may be added to UPVC to produce compounds with improved impact resistance. These compounds are known as modified PVC (PVC-M). Flexible or plasticised PVC compounds, with a wide range of properties, can also be produced by the addition

of plasticisers. Other types of PVC are called CPVC (PVC-C) (chlorinated PVC), which has a higher chlorine content and oriented PVC (PVC-O) which is PVC-U where the molecules are preferentially aligned in a particular direction.

PVC-U (unplasticised) is hard and rigid with an ultimate tensile stress of approximately 52 MPa at 20°C and is resistant to most chemicals. Generally PVC-U can be used at temperatures up to 60°C, although the actual temperature limit is dependent on stress and environmental conditions.

PVC-M (modified) is rigid and has improved toughness, particularly in impact. The elastic modulus, yield stress and ultimate tensile strength are generally lower than PVC-U. These properties depend on the type and amount of modifier used.

PVC (plasticised) is less rigid; has high impact strength; is easier to extrude or mould; has lower temperature resistance; is less resistant to chemicals, and usually has lower ultimate tensile strength. The variability from compound to compound in plasticised PVC is greater than that in PVC-U.

PVC-C (chlorinated) is similar to PVC-U in most of its proper-ties but it has a higher tem-perature resistance, being able to function up to 95°C. It has a similar ultimate stress at 20°C and an ultimate tensile stress of about 15 MPa at 80°C.

PVC-O (Oriented PVC) is sometimes called HSPVC (high strength PVC). PVC-O pipes represent a major advancement in the technology of the PVC pipe industry.

PVC-O is manufactured by a process which results in a preferential orientation of the long chain PVC molecules in the circumferential or hoop direction. This provides a marked enhancement of properties in this direction. In addition to other benefits, ultimate tensile strength up to double that of PVC-U can be obtained for PVC-O. In applications such as pressure pipes, where well defined stress directionality is pres-ent, very significant gains in strength and/or savings in materials can be made.

Typical properties of PVC-O are: Tensile Strength of PVC-O - 90 MPaElastic Modulus of PVC-O - 4000 MPa

Property enhancement by molecular orientation is well known and some industrial examples have been produced for over thirty years. In more recent times, it has been applied to consumer products such as films, high strength garbage bags, carbonated beverage bottles and the like.

The technique for applying molecular orientation to PVC pipes was pioneered during the 1970’s by Yorkshire Imperial Plastics and in fact the earliest trial installations were made in 1974 with 100 mm pipe by the Yorkshire Water Authority, United Kingdom. Vinidex commenced production in a pilot PVC-O pipe plant in early 1982 and PVC-O pipes were first installed in Australia in 1986. Since that time, Vinidex have continued to develop and expand the PVC-O product range in commercial production under theregistered trade nameSupermain®.

POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)

Different Types of Polyvinyl Chloride


Material

PVC-O is identical in composition to PVC-U and their general properties are correspondingly similar. The major difference lies in the mechanical properties in the direction of orientation. The composition of PVC-M differs by the addition of an impact modifier and the properties deviate from standard PVC-U depending on the type and amount of modifier used. The following comparison is general in nature and serves to highlight typical differences between pipe grade materials.

Tensile Strength. The tensile strength of PVC-O is up to twice that of normal PVC-U. The tensile strength of PVC-M is slightly lower than standard PVC-U.

Toughness. Both PVC-O and PVC-M behave in a consistently ductile manner under all practical circumstances. Under some adverse conditions, in the presence of a notch or flaw, standard PVC-U can exhibit brittle characteristics.

Safety Factors. The Design of PVC pipes for pressure ap-plications involves prediction of long term properties and application of a safety factor. As in all engineering design, the magnitude of the safety factor reflects the level of confidence in the prediction of performance. The greater confidence in predictable behaviour for the new generation materials PVC-M and PVC-O has the benefit of allowing a lower factor of safety to be used in design.

Design Stress. PVC-O and PVC-M pipes operate at a higher design stress than standard PVC-U pipes as a result of their reduced safety factor and in the case of PVC-O, higher strength in the hoop direction.

Elasticity and Creep. PVC-O has a modulus of elasticity up to 24% higher than normal PVC-U in the oriented direction and a similar modulus to standard PVC-U in other directions. The elastic modulus of PVC-M is marginally lower than standard PVC-U.

Impact Characteristics. PVC-O exceeds standard PVC-U by a factor of at least 2 and up to 5. PVC-M also has greater impact resistance than standard PVC-U. Impact performance tests for PVC-M pipes focus on obtaining a ductile failure characteristic.

Weathering. There are no significant differences in the weathering characteristics of PVC-U, PVC-M and PVC-O.

Jointing. PVC-U and PVC-M pipes can be jointed by either rubber ring or solvent cement joints. PVC-O is available in rubber-ring jointed pipes only. PVC-O cannot be solvent-cement jointed.

General properties of PVC compounds used in pipe manufacture are given in Table 2.1. Unless otherwise noted, the values given are for standard unmodified formulations using K67 PVC resin. Some comparative values are shown for other pipe materials. Properties of thermoplastics are subject to significant changes with temperature, and the applicable range is noted where appropriate. Mechanical properties are subject to duration of stress application, and are more properly defined by creep functions. More detailed data pertinent to pipe applications are given in the design section of this manual. For data outside of the range of conditions listed, users are advised to contact our Technical Department.

Comparison Between OPVC, MPVC and Standard PVC

PROPERTIES OF PVC

0.02µm

Clusters of PVC Molecules

Molecular Entanglements of PVC Pipe

Direction of Orientation


Material

Property Value Conditions and Remarks

Physical propertiesMolecular weight (resin) 140,000 cf: K57 PVC 70,000

Relative density 1.42 - 1.48 cf: PE 0.95 - 0.96, GRP 1.4 - 2.1, CI 7.20, Clay 1.8 - 2.6

Water absorption 0.12% 23°C, 24 hours cf: AC 18 - 20% AS1711

Hardness 80 Shore D Durometer, Brinell 15, Rockwell R 114, cf: PE Shore D 60

Impact strength - 20°C 20 kJ/m2 Charpy 250 µm notch tip radius

Impact strength - 0°C 8 kJ/m2 Charpy 250 µm notch tip radius

Coefficient of friction 0.4 PVC to PVC cf: PE 0.25, PA 0.3

Mechanical propertiesUltimate tensile strength 52 MPa AS 1175 Tensometer at

constant strain rate cf: PE 30

Elongation at break 50 - 80% AS 1175 Tensometer atconstant strain rate cf: PE 600-900

Short term creep rupture 44 MPa Constant load 1 hour value cf: PE 14, ABS 25

Long term creep rupture 28 MPa Constant load extrapolated 50 year valuecf: PE 8-12

Elastic tensile modulus 3.0 - 3.3 GPa 1% strain at 100 seconds cf: PE 0.9-1.2

Elastic flexural modulus 2.7 - 3.0 GPa 1% strain at 100 seconds cf: PE 0.7-0.9

Long term creep modulus 0.9 - 1.2 GPa Constant load extrapolated 50 yearsecant value cf: PE 0.2 - 0.3

Shear modulus 1.0 GPa 1% strain at 100 seconds G=E/2/(1+µ) cf: PE 0.2

Bulk modulus 4.7 GPa 1% strain at 100 seconds K=E/3/(1-2µ) cf: PE 2.0

Poisson’s ratio 0.4 Increases marginally with time under load. cf: PE 0.45

Electrical propertiesDielectric strength (breakdown) 14 - 20 kV/mm Short term, 3 mm specimen PE 70-85

Volume resistivity 2 x 1014Ω.m AS 1255.1 PE > 1016

Surface resistivity 1013 - 1014 Ω AS 1255.1 PE > 1013

Dielectric constant (permittivity) 3.9 (3.3) 50 Hz (106 Hz) AS 1255.4

Dissipation factor (power factor) 0.01 (0.02) 50 Hz (106 Hz) AS 1255.4

Table 2.1 Properties of PVC

Typical Properties


Material

Thermal propertiesSoftening point 80 - 84°C Vicat method AS 1462.5 (min.

75°C for pipes)

Max. continuous service temp. 60°C cf: PE 80*, PP 110*

Coefficient of thermal expansion 7 x 10-5/K 7 mm per 10 m per 10°C cf: PE 18 - 20 x 10-5, DI 1.2 x 10-5

Thermal conductivity 0.16 W/[m.K] 0 - 50°C PE 0.4

Specific heat 1,000 J/[kg.K] 0 - 50°C

Thermal diffusivity 1.1 x 10-7 m2/s 0 - 50°C

Fire performanceFlammability (oxygen index) 45% ASTM D2863 Fennimore Martin

test, cf: PE 17.5, PP 17.5

Ignitability index 10 - 12 (/20) cf: 9 - 10 when tested as pipe AS 1530 Early Fire Hazard Test

Smoke produced index

6 - 8 (/l0) cf: 4 - 6 when tested as pipeAS 1530 Early Fire Hazard Test

Heat evolved index 0

Spread of flame index 0 Will not support combustion. AS 1530 Early Fire Hazard Test

Abbreviations

PE PolyethylenePP PolypropylenePA Polyamide (nylon)CI Cast IronAC Asbestos CementGRP Glass Reinforced Pipe

Conversion of Units

1 MPa = 10 bar = 9.81 kg/cm2 = 145 lbf/in2

1 Joule = 4.186 calories = 0.948 x 10-3 BTU = 0.737 ft.lbf

1 Kelvin = 1°C = 1.8°F temperature differential


Material

For PVC, like other thermoplastics materials, the stress /strain response is dependent on both time and temperature. When a constant static load is applied to a plastics material, the resultant strain behaviour is rather complex. There is an immediate elastic response, which is fully recovered as soon as the load is removed. In addition there is a slower deformation, which continues indefinitely while the load is applied until rupture occurs. This is known as creep. If the load is removed before failure, the recovery of the original dimensions occurs gradually over time. The rate of creep and recovery is also influenced by temperature. At higher temperatures, creep rates tend to increase. Because of this type of response, plastics are known as viscoelastic materials.

The Stress Regression Line

The consequence of creep is that pipes subjected to higher stresses will fail in a shorter time than those subjected to lower stresses. For pressure pipe applications, long life is an essential requirement. Therefore, it is important that pipes are designed to operate at wall stresses which will ensure that long service lives can be achieved. To establish the long term properties, a large number of test specimens, in pipe form, are tested until rupture. All of these separate data points are then plotted on a graph and a regression analysis performed. The linear regression analysis is extrapolated to obtain the 97.5% lower prediction limit failure stress at the design point which must exceed a minimum required stress (MRS).

A safety factor is then applied to the MRS to obtain a maximum operating stress for the pipe material which is used to dimension pipes for a range of pressure ratings. In Europe and Australasia, the ISO design point of 50 years, or 438,000 hours, is adopted. In North America, the design point of 100,000 hours has historically been used. This design point is quite arbitrary and should not be interpreted as an indication of the expected service life of a PVC pipe. The stress regres-sion line is traditionally plotted on logarithmic axes showing the circumferential or hoop stress versus time to rupture.

Mechanical Properties

Typical Stress Regression Curves

* For MPVC, the 50 year specification point is a 97.5% lower confidence limit point to ensure that the minimum factor of safety is obtained.


Material

For PVC, the modulus or stress/strain relationship must be considered in the context of the rate or duration of loading and the temperature.

A universal method of data presentation is a curve of strain versus time at constant stress. At a given temperature, a series of curves is required at different stress levels to represent the complete picture. A modulus can be computed for any stress/strain/ time combination, and this is normally referred to as the creep modulus.

Such curves are useful, for example, in designing for short and long term transverse loadings of pipes.

Tests conducted in both England and Australia have shown that PVC-O is stiffer, i.e. it has a higher modulus, than standard PVC-U by some 24% for equivalent conditions in the oriented direction. From other work, there appears to be no significant change in the axial direction.

Creep Modulus

Creep in Tension at 20OC

Pressure Ratings at Elevated Temperatures

The mechanical properties of PVC are referenced at 20°C. Thermoplastics generally de-crease in strength and increase in ductility as the temperature rises and design stresses must be adjusted accordingly.

See Section on Design for the design ratings for pipes at temperatures other than 20°C.

Reversion

The term “reversion” refers to dimensional change in plastics products as a consequence of “material memory”. Plastics products “memorise” their original formed shape and if they are subsequently dis-torted, they will return to their original shape under heat.

In reality, reversion proceeds at all temperatures, but with high quality extrusion it is of no practical significance in plain pipe at temperatures below 60°C and in PVC-O pipe at temperatures below 50°C.

Elevated Temperatures


Material

PVC is resistant to many alcohols, fats, oils and aromatic free petrol. It is also resistant to most common corroding agents including inorganic acids, alkalis and salts. However, PVC should not be used with esters, ketones, ethers and aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons. PVC will absorb these substances and this will lead to swelling and a reduction in tensile strength.

Chemical Attack

Chemicals that attack plastics do so at differing rates and in differing ways. There are two general types of chemical at-tack on plastic:

1. Swelling of the plastic occurs but the plastic returns to its original condition if the chemical is removed. However, if the plastic has a compounding ingredient that is soluble in the chemical, the plastic may be changed because of the removal of this ingredient and the chemical itself will be contaminated.

2. The base resin or polymer molecules are changed by crosslinking, oxidation, substitution reactions or chain scission. In these situations the plastic cannot be restored by the removal of the chemical. Examples of this type of attack on PVC are aqua regia at 20°C and wet chlorine gas.

Factors Affecting Chemical Resistance

A number of factors can affect the rate and type of chemical attack that may occur. These are:

Concentration. In general, the rate of attack increases with concentration, but in many cases there are threshold levels below which no significant chemical effect will be noted.

Temperature. As with all processes, the rate of attack increases as the temperature rises. Again, threshold temperatures may exist.

Period of Contact. In many cases rates of attack are slow and of significance only with sustained contact.

Stress. Some plastics under stress can undergo higher rates of attack. In general PVC is considered relatively insensitive to “stress corrosion”.

Considerations for PVC Pipe

For normal water supply work, PVC pipes are totally unaffected by soil and water chemicals. The question of chemical resistance is likely to arise only if they are used in unusual environments or if they are used to convey chemical substances.

For applications characterised as food conveyance or storage, health regulations should be observed. Specific advice should be obtained on the use of PVC pipes.

Although PVC-O is chemically identical to standard PVC-U, rates of attack may vary and this material is not recommended for use in chemical environ-ments or for chemical conveyance.

In most environments, the chemical performance of PVC-M is expected to be similar to standard PVC-U. However, where concentrated chemicals are to be in prolonged contact with PVC-M or elevated temperatures are likely, it is recommended that some preliminary testing should be carried out to determine the suitability of the material.

Sewage Discharges

PVC will not be affected by anything that can be normally found in sewerage effluent. However, if some illegal discharge is made then most chemicals are more likely to attack the rubber ring (common to all modern pipe systems) than the PVC pipe. Because of modern pollution controls on sewage discharges PVC can be safely used in any municipal sewerage network including areas accepting industrial effluent.

The Chemical Performance of PVC


Material

Chemical Resistance of Joints

When considering the performance of pipe materials in contact with chemical environments, it is important not to overlook the effect of the environment on the jointing materials. In general, solvent cement joints may be used in any environment where PVC pipe is acceptable. However, separate consideration may need to be given to the rubber ring.

Chemical attack on rubbers can occur in two ways. Swelling can occur as a result of absorption of a chemical. This can make it weaker and more susceptible to mechanical damage. On the other hand, it may assist in retaining the sealing force. Alternatively, the chemical attack may result in a degradation or change in the chemical structure of the rubber. Both types of attack are affected by a number of factors such as chemical concentration, temperature, rubber compounding and component dimensions. The surface area exposed to the environment may also influence the severity of the attack.

See the chemical resistance tables for guidance on chemical resistance of rubber materials commonly used in pipe seals.

OTHER MATERIAL PERFORMANCE ASPECTS

Permeation1

The effect on water quality due to the transport of contaminants from the surrounding soil through the pipe wall or rubber ring must be considered where gross pollution of the soil has occurred in the immediate vicinity of the pipe.

For permeation to occur through the pipe wall, the chemical must be a strong solvent or swelling agent for PVC such as aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones, anilines and nitrobenzenes. Permeation through PVC is insignificant for alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and organic acids.

The mechanism of permeation depends on the effective concentration (activity) of the chemical contaminant. At lower concentrations, permeation rates are so slow that permeation may be considered insignificant. Thus, in the majority of cases, PVC pipe is an effective barrier against permeation of soil contaminants.

At high chemical concentrations (activity >0.25) a different mechanism applies and both the PVC pipe and water quality may be adversely affected in a short time. This corresponds to a gross spill or leak of the chemical in close proximity to the pipe.

It should be noted that rubber rings are generally considered more susceptible to perme-ation than PVC and should be considered separately.

Weathering and SolarDegradation

The effect of “weathering” or surface degradation by radiant energy, in conjunction with the elements, on plastics has been well researched and documented.

Solar radiation causes changes in the molecular structure of polymeric materials, including PVC. Inhibitors and reflectants are normally incorporated in the material which limits the process to a surface effect. Loss of gloss and discolouration under severe weathering will be observed.

The processes require input of energy and cannot proceed if the material is shielded, e.g. under-ground pipes.

From a practical point of view, the bulk material is unaffected and performance under primary tests will show no change, i.e. tensile strength and modulus.

However, microscopic disruptions on a weathered surface can initiate fracture under conditions of extreme local stress, e.g. impact on the outside surface. Impact strength will therefore show a decrease under test.

1. Berens, Alan R., “Prediction of Organic Chemical Permeation Through PVC Pipe,” Journal American Waterworks Association, Denver, CO (Nov. 1985) pp. 57-65.

Vonk, Martin W., “Permeation of Organic Soil Contaminants Through Polyethylene, Polyvinylchloride, Asbestos Cement and Concrete Water Pipes,” Some Phenomena

Affecting Water Quality During Distribution: Permeation, Lead Release, Regrowth of Bacteria, KIWA Ltd., Neuwegen, The Netherlands (Nov. 1985) pp. 1-14.


Material

Protection against Solar Degradation

All PVC pipes manufactured by Vinidex contain protective systems that will ensure against detrimental effects for normal periods of storage and installation.

For periods of storage longer than one year, and to the extent that impact resistance is important to the particular installation, additional protection may be considered advisable.

This may be provided by under-cover storage, or by covering pipe stacks with an appropriate material such as hessian. Heat entrapment should be avoided and ventilation provided. Black plastic sheeting should not be used.

Above-ground systems may be protected by a coat of white or pastel-shade PVA paint. Good adhesion will be achieved with simply a detergent wash to remove any grease and dirt.

Material Ageing

The ultimate strength of PVC does not alter markedly with age. Its short-term ultimate tensile strength generally shows a slight increase.

It is important to appreciate that the stress regression line does not represent a weakening of the material with time, i.e. a pipe held under continuous pressure for many years will still show the same short-term ultimate burst pressure as a new pipe.

The material does, however, undergo a change in morphology with time, in that the “free volume” in the matrix

reduces, with an increasing number of cross-links between molecules. This results in some changes in mechanical properties:

• A marginal increase in ultimate tensile strength.

• A significant increase in yield stress.

• An increase in modulus at high strain levels.

In general, these changes would appear to be beneficial. However, the response of the material at high stress levels is altered in that local yielding at stress concentrators is inhibited, and strain capability of the article is decreased. Brittle-type fracture is more likely to occur, and a general reduction in impact resistance may be observed.

These changes occur exponentially with time, rapidly immediately following forming, and more and more slowly as time proceeds. By the time the article is put into service, they are barely measurable, except in the very long term.

Artificial ageing can be achieved by heat treatment at 60°C for 18 hours. PVC-O undergoes such ageing in the orientation process and its characteristics are similar to a fully aged material, but with greatly enhanced ultimate strength.

Microbiological Effects

PVC is immune to attack by microbiological organisms normally encountered in under-ground water supply and sewerage systems.

Macrobiological Attack

PVC does not constitute a food source and is highly resistant to damage by termites and rodents.

Effect of Soil Sulphides

Grey discolouration of under-ground PVC pipes may be observed in the presence of sulphides commonly found in soils containing organic materials. This is due to a reaction with the stabiliser systems used in processing. It is a surface effect, and in no way impairs performance.


Material

Important Information

The listed data are based on results of immersion tests on specimens, in the absence of any applied stress. ln certain circumstances, where the preliminary classification indicates high or limited resistance, it may be necessary to conduct further tests to assess the behaviour of pipes and fittings under internal pressure or other stresses.

Variations in the analysis of the chemical compounds as well as in the operating conditions (pressure and temperature) can significantly modify the actual chemical resistance of the materials in comparison with this chart’s indicated value.

It should be stressed that these ratings are intended only as a guide to be used for initial information on the material to be selected. They may not cover the particular application under consideration and the effects of altered temperatures or concentrations may need to be evaluated by testing under specific conditions. No guar-antee can be given in respect of the listed data. Vinidex reserves the right to make any modification whatsoever, based upon further research and experiences.

Sources for Chemical Resistances of PVC

Source 1 The Water Supply Manual for PVC Pipe Systems, First Edition, Vinidex Tubemakers Pty Limited, 1989

Source 2 Chemical Resistance Guide For Thermoplastic Pipe and Fitting Systems, Vinidex Tubemakers Pty Limited

Source 3 ISO/TR 10358 Technical Report: Plastic Pipes and Fittings-Combined Chemical-resistance Classification Table, First Edition, International Organisation for Standardisation, 1993

Source 4 Chemical Resistance, Volume 1- Thermoplastics, Second Edition, Plastics Design Library, 1994

Source 5 Chemical Resistance Data Sheets, Volume 1-Plastics, Rapra Technology Limited, 1993

Abbreviations

S Satisfactory Resistance

L Limited Resistance

U Unsatisfactory Resistance

dil.sol. dilute aqueous solution at a concentration equal to or less than 10%

sol. Aqueous solution at a concentration greater then10% but not saturated

sat.sol. saturated aqueous solution prepared at 20°C

tg-g technical grade, gas

tg-l technical grade, liquid

tg-s technical grade, solid

work.sol. working solution of the concentration usually used in the industry concernedsusp. Suspension of solid in a saturated solution at 20°C

Table 2.1: Performance Chart - Chemical Resistance of PVC


Material

Chemical Formula Conc. (%)

Temp. (°C)

uPVC PE PP PVDF PVC/C NBR EPM FPM

ACETALDEHYDE CH3CHO 100 25 3 1 2 3 3 3 1 260 3 2 3100 3

- AQUEOUS SOLUTION 40 25 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 3 2 2 1 3100 1 2

ACETIC ACID CH3COOH ≤25 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 2 1 1 1 1 3 3100 1 1 1

30 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 160 2 1 1 1 2 3100 1 1 2

60 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 160 2 1 1 1 3100 2 2 2 3

80 25 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 160 2 3 3 1 3 3100 3 2 2 3 3 2

- GLACIAL 100 25 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 260 3 2 2 2 3 2 1 3100 3 3 3 3 3

ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (CH3CO)2O 100 25 3 2 1 3 3 2 160 3 2 2 3 3100 3 3 3

ACETONE CH3COCH3 10 25 3 1 1 1 3 3 1 360 3 3 1 3 3 3100 3 1 3 3 3

100 25 3 2 1 2 3 3 1 360 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3100 3 3 3 3 3

ACETOPHENONE CH3COC6H5 nd 25 1 1 3 160 3 1100

ACRYLONITRILE CH2CHCN technically pure 25 1 1 2 3 260 3 1 1 3 2100 3

ADIPIC ACID (CH2CH2CO2H)2 sat. 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- AQUEOUS SOLUTION 60 2 1 1 1

100ALLYL ALCOHOL CH2CHCH2OH 96 25 2 1 1 1 1 2

60 3 2 1100 1 3

ALUM AI2(SO4)3.K2SO.nH2O dil 25 1 1 1 1 1- AQUEOUS SOLUTION 60 2 1 1

100AI2(SO4)3.K2SO4.nH2O sat 25 1 1 1 1

60 2 1 1100

ALUMINIUM AICI3 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- CHLORIDE 60 1 1 1 1 2

100- FLUORIDE AIF3 100 25 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1100

- HYDROXIDE AI(OH4)3 all 25 1 1 1 1 160 1 1100

- NITRATE AI(NO2)3 nd 25 1 1 1 1 160 1 1100

- SULPHATE AI(SO4)3 deb 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1100

sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1 1 1100 2 1 1 1

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.


Material


Temp. (°C)


AMMONIA NH3 deb 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- AQUEOUS SOLUTION 60 2 1 1

100sat 25 1 1 1 1 1

60 2 1100

- DRY GAS 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1 2 2100

- LIQUID 100 25 2 1 1 1 1 1 360 3 1 1 1 3100

AMMONIUM CH3COONH4 sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1- ACETATE 60 2 1 1 1 2 1

100 1 1- CARBONATE (NH4)2CO3 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1

60 2 1 1 1100

- CHLORIDE NH4CI sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1 1 1100 2 1 1 1

- FLUORIDE NH4F 25 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1100 3 3

- HYDROXIDE NH4OH 28 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1100

- NITRATE NH4NO3 sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1 2 1100 1 1 1 1

- PHOSPHATE DIBASIC NH4(HPO4)2 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 2100 1 2

- PHOSPHATE META (NH4)4P4O12 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

- PHOSPHATE TRI (NH4)2HPO4 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 2100

- PERSULPHATE (NH4)2S2O8 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1100

- SULPHIDE (NH4)2S deb 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1100

sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1100

- SULPHYDRATE NH4OHSO4 dil 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1100

sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1100

AMYLACETATE CH3CO2CH2(CH2)3CH3 100 25 3 1 2 1 3 3 3 360 3 2 2 3 3 3100 2 3 3 3

AMYLALCOHOL CH3(CH2)3CH2OH nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1 2 1100 1 1 1 1

ANILINE C6H5NH2 all 25 3 2 1 1 3 3 1 160 3 2 1 2 3 3100 3 3 1

- CHLORHYDRATE C6H5NH2HCI nd 25 2 2 2 1 3 160 3 2 2 3100 3 2 3 2



Material


Temp. (°C)


ANTIMONY SbCI3 100 25 1 1 1 1 1- TRICHLORIDE 60 1 1 1

100ANTHRAQUINONE suspension 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1SULPHONIC ACID 60 2 1

100AQUA REGIA HC+HNO3 100 25 2 3 3 2 2 2

60 2 3 3 2100 3 2

ARSENIC ACID H3AsO4 deb 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1 1100 1 2 1 1

80 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1100 2 1 2 3 1 1

BARIUM all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- CARBONATE BaCO3 60 1 1 1 1

100- CHLORIDE BaCl2 10 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1 1 1100

- HYDROXIDE Ba(OH)2 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 2 1100

- SULPHATE BaSO4 nb 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100

- SULPHIDE BaS sat 25 1 1 1 1 160 1 1100

BEER comm 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

BENZALDEHYDE C6H5CHO nd 25 3 2 3 1 3 1 360 3 2 3 2 3 1 3100

BENZENE C6H6 100 25 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 160 3 3 3 2 3 3 3100 3 3 3 2

- LIGROIN 20/80 25 3 3 3 360 3 3 3 3100

- MONOCHLORINE C6H5Cl technically pure 25 3 2 1 160100

BENZOIC ACID C6H5COOH sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 2 1 1 1 2 1100 3 1 3 1

BENZYL ALCOHOL C6H5CH2OH 100 25 1 1 1 1 3 1 260 2 2 1100

BLEACHING LYE NaOCl+NaCl 12.50% 25 1 2 2 1 1 2 1Cl 60 2 2 1

100BORIC ACID H3BO3 deb 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 2 1 1 1 1 1100 1 1 1 1

sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1100 1 1 1

BRINE comm 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

BROMIC ACID HBrO3 10 25 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100 1 1



Material


Temp. (°C)


BROMINE Br2 100 25 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1- LIQUID 60 3 3 3 1 3 3 1

100 3 1 3 3 1- VAPOURS low 25 2 3 3 1 2 3 1

60 3 3 1 1100

BUTADIENE C4H6 100 25 1 1 1 1 3 2 160 1 3 3 1 3100

BUTANEDIOL CH3CH2CHOHCH2OH 10 25 1 1 1 1 1AQUEOUS 60 3 1 1

100concentrated 25 2 2 2 1 1

60 3 3 2 1100

BUTANE C4H10 10 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1GAS 60 1 1

100BUTYL CH3CO2CH2CH2CH2CH3 100 25 3 3 2 1 3 3 3 2- ACETATE 60 3 3 3 1 3 3

100 3 2 3 3 3- ALCOHOL C4H9OH 25 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 2 1 1 1 1100 2 2 1 2

- PHENOL C4H9C6H4OH 100 25 2 3 3 1 1 3 260 2 3 3 1100

BUTYLENE GLYCOL C4H6(OH)2 100 25 1 1 1 160 2 1 1100

BUTYRIC ACID C2H5CH2COOH 20 25 1 1 3 1 1 1 160 2 2 3100 3 3

concentrated 25 3 3 3 1 3 2 260 3 3 3 3100 3 3

CALCIUM Ca(HSO3)2 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- BISULPHITE 60 1 1 1 1

100- CARBONATE CaCO3 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1 1 1100

- CHLORATE CaHCl nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

- CHLORIDE CaCl2 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1 1100 2 1 1

- HYDROXIDE Ca(OH)2 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 2 2100 2

- HYPOCHLORITE Ca(OCl)2 sat 25 1 1 1 2 1 160 2 1 1 1100 2

- NITRATE Ca(NO3)2 50 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

- SULPHATE CaSO4 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

- SULPHIDE CaS sat 25 1 2 1 1 1 160 1 2 1100

CAMPHOR OIL nd 25 1 3 3 1 160 3 3 1100



Material


Temp. (°C)


CARBON CO2 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- DIOXIDE 60 2 1 1 1 1 1 AQUEOUS SOLUTION 100- GAS 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1 1 1100

- DISULPHIDE CS2 100 25 2 2 1 1 3 3 3 160 3 3 1 3 3 3100 3 1 3 3 3

- MONOXIDE CO 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100

- TETRACHLORIDE CCl4 100 25 2 2 3 1 1 2 3 160 3 3 3 1100

CARBONIC ACID H2CO3 sat 25 1 1 1- AQUEOUS SOLUTION 60 1 1

100- DRY 100 25 1 1 1

60 1 1 1100

- WET all 25 1 1 160 2 1100

CARBON OIL comm 25 1 3 1 1 2 1 160 1 1 1100

CHLORAMINE dil 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160100

CHLORIC ACID HClO3 20 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 2 3 3 1 1100 3 1 1 3

CHLORINE Cl2 sat 25 2 1 2 3 160 3 1100

- DRY GAS 10 25 1 3 1 1 3 160 2 3 1 1100

100 25 2 3 1 1 3 160 3 3 1 1 1100

- WET GAS 5g/m3 25 1 3 360 3 3100

10g/m3 25 2 3 1 360 2 3 1100

66g/m3 25 2 3 1 360 2 3 1100

- LIQUID 100 25 3 3 3 1 3 3 160 3 1100

CHLOROACETIC ACID ClCH2COH 85 25 1 2 1 1 3 2 160 2 3 3 1 3100 3 1 3 3

100 25 1 3 1 3 360 2 3 3 3 3100 3 3 3 3 3

CHLOROBENZENE C6H5Cl all 25 3 3 1 3 3 3 160 3 3 2 3 3 3100

CHLOROFORM CHCl3 all 25 3 2 2 1 3 3 3 260 3 3 1 3 3100 3 1 3 3



Material


Temp. (°C)


CHLOROSULPHONIC ClHSO3 100 25 2 3 3 2 1 3 3 2ACID 60 3 3 3 3 3

100 3 3 3CHROME ALUM KCr(SO4)2 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 2 1 1 1 1100 2 1 1

CHROMIC ACID CrO3+H2O 10 25 1 2 1 1 1 1 160 2 3 2 1 1100 3 3 1

30 25 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 160 2 3 3 1 1 3 3100 3 2 1 3 3

50 25 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 160 2 3 3 1100 3 2 2

CHROMIC SOLUTION CrO3+H2O+H2SO4 50/35/15 25 1 3 3 160 2 3 3 1100

CITRIC ACID C3H4(OH)(CO2H)3 50 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1AQ. SOL. min 60 1 1 1 1

100 1 1 2COPPER CuCl2 sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- CHLORIDE 60 1 1 1 1 1

100 1 1- CYANIDE CuCN2 all 25 3 1 1 1

60 3 1 1100

- FLUORIDE CuF2 all 25 1 1 3 1 1 160 1 1 3 1100

- NITRATE Cu(NO3)2 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1100

- SULPHATE CuSO4 dil 25 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 160 1 1 3 1100

sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 160 1 1 1 1 1100

COTTONSEED OIL comm 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 160 1 1 1 1100

CRESOL CH3C6H4OH £90 25 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 160 3 1 3 3100

>90 25 3 2 1 3 3 3 260 3 1 3 3100

CRESYLIC ACID CH3C6H4COOH 50 25 2 1 1 160 3 2 3 2 1100

CYCLOHEXANE C6H12 all 25 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 160 3 2 1 3 3100 2

CYCLOHEXANONE C6H10O all 25 3 1 1 3 2 360 3 3 2 3 3100 3 3 3 3

DECAHYDRONAFTALENE C10H18 nd 25 1 1 3 1 3 160 1 2 3 1 3100

DEMINERALIZED WATER 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1 1 1100 1 1 1 1 1

DEXTRINE C6H12OCH2O nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1100



Material


Temp. (°C)


DIBUTYLPHTALATE C6H4(CO2C4H9)2 100 25 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 260 3 3 3100

DICHLOROACETIC Cl2CHCOOH 100 25 1 1 1 1 2ACID 60 2 2 2 3

100DICHLOROETHANE CH2ClCH2Cl 100 25 3 3 1 1 3 3

60 3 3 1100

DICHLOROETHYLENE ClCH2Cl 100 25 3 3 2 1 3 1 160 3 3 1100

DIETHYL ETHER C2H5OC2H5 100 25 3 3 1 1 3 2 360 3 3 1 3 3 3100

DIGLYCOLIC ACID (CH2)2O(CO2H)2 18 25 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1100

DIMETHYLAMINE (CH3)2NH 100 25 2 1 2 2 3 260 3 2 2 3 3100

DIOCTYLPHTHALATE all 25 3 1 2 1 3 2 2 360 3 2 2 3 3100

DISTILLED WATER 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1100 1 1 1 1 1 1

DRINKING WATER 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1 1 1100 1 1 1 1 1

ETHERS all 25 3 3 3 2 260 3 3 3 3100

ETHYL CH3CO2C2H5 100 25 3 1 2 2 3 3 1 3- ACETATE 60 3 3 3 2 3 3 3

100 3 3 3 3 3- ALCOHOL CH3CH2OH nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 2 2 1 1 2 1100 1 1 1

- CHLORIDE CH3CH2Cl all 25 3 2 3 1 3 2 1 260 3 3 1 3100

- ETHER CH3CH2OCH2CH3 all 25 3 3 1 3 2 2 360 3 3 3 3 3100

ETHYLENE ClCH2CH2OH 100 25 3 1 3 3 3- CHLOROHYDRIN 60 3 2 3 3

100 3- GLYCOL HOCH2CH2OH comm 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 2 3 1 1 2 1100

FATTY ACIDS nd 25 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

FERRIC FeCl3 10 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- CHLORIDE 60 2 1 1 1

100sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1 1 1 1100 1 1 1 1

- NITRATE Fe(NO3)3 nd 25 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100

- SULPHATE Fe(SO4)3 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100



Material


Temp. (°C)


FERROUS FeCl2 sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- CHLORIDE 60 1 1 1 1

100- SULPHATE FeSO4 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1100

FERTILIZER ≤10 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

FLUORINE GAS - DRY F2 100 25 2 2 3 1 360 3 3 3100

FLUOROSILICIC ACID H2SiF6 32 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 160 1 1 1 1 1 3100 1 1

FORMALDEHYDE HCOH 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 2 1 1 1 3100 1 2 3

FORMIC ACID HCOOH 50 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 2 1 1 1 3 2100 1 2 3

100 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 360 3 1 1 1 2 2 3100 1 3 3

FRUIT PULP AND JUICE comm 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

FUEL OIL 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 160 1 2 1 1100

comm 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 160 1 2 2 1 1100

FURFUROLE ALCOHOL C5H3OCH2OH nd 25 3 2 2 3 160 3 2 2100

GAS EXHAUST all 25 1 1 1 1- ACID 60 1 1

100- WITH NITROUS VAPOURS traces 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1 1100

GAS PHOSGENE ClCOCl 100 25 1 2 2 1 160 2 2 2 3100

GELATINE 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

GLUCOSE C6H12O6 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1 1100

GLYCERINE HOCH2CHOHCH2OH all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1AQ.SOL 60 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

100 1 1 1 1GLYCOGLUE 10 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1AQUEOUS 60 1 1 1 1 1 1

100 1 1 1GLYCOLIC ACID HOCH2COOH 37 25 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1100

HEPTANE C7H16 100 25 1 1 3 1 1 1 160 2 3 3 3 1 1100



Material


Temp. (°C)


FERROUS FeCl2 sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- CHLORIDE 60 1 1 1 1

100- SULPHATE FeSO4 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1100

FERTILIZER ≤10 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

FLUORINE GAS - DRY F2 100 25 2 2 3 1 360 3 3 3100

FLUOROSILICIC ACID H2SiF6 32 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 160 1 1 1 1 1 3100 1 1

FORMALDEHYDE HCOH 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 2 1 1 1 3100 1 2 3

FORMIC ACID HCOOH 50 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 2 1 1 1 3 2100 1 2 3

100 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 360 3 1 1 1 2 2 3100 1 3 3

FRUIT PULP AND JUICE comm 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

FUEL OIL 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 160 1 2 1 1100

comm 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 160 1 2 2 1 1100

FURFUROLE ALCOHOL C5H3OCH2OH nd 25 3 2 2 3 160 3 2 2100

GAS EXHAUST all 25 1 1 1 1- ACID 60 1 1

100- WITH NITROUS VAPOURS traces 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1 1100

GAS PHOSGENE ClCOCl 100 25 1 2 2 1 160 2 2 2 3100

GELATINE 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

GLUCOSE C6H12O6 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1 1100

GLYCERINE HOCH2CHOHCH2OH all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1AQ.SOL 60 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

100 1 1 1 1GLYCOGLUE 10 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1AQUEOUS 60 1 1 1 1 1 1

100 1 1 1GLYCOLIC ACID HOCH2COOH 37 25 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1100

HEPTANE C7H16 100 25 1 1 3 1 1 1 160 2 3 3 3 1 1100



Material


Temp. (°C)


HEXANE C6H14 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 360 2 2 2 1100

HYDROBROMIC ACID HBr ≤10 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 2 1 1 1100 3 1 2 3

48 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 2 1 1 1100 3 1 2 3 3

HYDROCHLORIC ACID HCl ≤25 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1100 1 1 1 3 3 1

≤37 25 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 160 1 2 1 1 1 2 2100 2 1 1 3 2

HYDROCYANIC ACID HCN deb 25 1 1 1 1 2 1 160 1 1 1 1 3 3100

HYDROFLUORIC ACID HF 10 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1100 3 1 2 2

60 25 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 160 3 3 1 3100 3 1 2 2

HYDROGEN H2 all 25 160 1100

HYDROGEN H2O2 30 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- PEROXIDE 60 1 1 1 1 1

100 1 150 25 1 2 1 1 1 1

60 1 2 1100 1

90 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 160 1 2 2 1100 1 3

- SULPHIDE DRY sat 25 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 2 1 1 1 3100

- SULPHIDE WET sat 25 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 2 1 1 1 3100

HYDROSULPHITE ≤10 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1100

HYDROXYLAMINE (H2NOH)2H2SO4 12 25 1 1 1 1 1SULPHATE 60 1 1 1 2

100ILLUMINATING GAS 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60100

IODINE I2 3 25 2 1 1- DRY AND WET 60 3 1

100- TINCTURE >3 25 2 2 1 1 1 1

60 3 3 3 1100

ISOCTANE C8H18 100 25 1 2 2 1 1 360 3 1 3100

ISOPROPYL (CH3)2CHOCH(CH3)2 100 25 2 2 2 1 3 3- ETHER 60 3 3 3 3

100- ALCOHOL (CH3)2CHOH 100 25 1 1 1

60 2 1 1100



Material


Temp. (°C)


LACTIC ACID CH3CHOHCOOH ≤28 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 2 1100 1 2 1

LANOLINE nd 25 1 1 1 160 2 1 2 1100

LEAD ACETATE Pb(CH3COO)2 sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 2 1 1 1 1100 2 1 1 1

LINSEED OIL comm 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 2 1 1 1 1100

LUBRICATING OILS comm 25 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 160 1 2 1 1100

MAGNESIUM MgCO3 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1- CARBONATE 60 1 1 1

100- CHLORIDE MgCl2 sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1 1 1100 2 1 1

- HYDROXIDE Mg(OH)2 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

- NITRATE MgNO3 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100

- SULPHATE MgSO4 dil 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1100

sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1100

MALEIC ACID COOHCHCHCOOH nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 160 1 1 1 1 1100 1 1 2 1

MALIC ACID CH2CHOH(COOH)2 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 160 1 1100

MERCURIC HgCl2 sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1- CHLORIDE 60 1 1 1 1

100- CYANIDE HgCN2 all 25 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1100

MERCUROUS NITRATE HgNO3 nd 25 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100

MERCURY Hg 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1100

METHYL CH3COOCH3 100 25 1 1 3 2- ACETATE 60 1 3

100- ALCOHOL CH3OH nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

60 1 1 2 1 2100 2 1 2

- BROMIDE CH3Br 100 25 3 3 3 1 160 3 1100

- CHLORIDE CH3Cl 100 25 3 1 3 1 2 3 2 260 3 3 1100 3 1 3

- ETHYLKETONE CH3COCH2CH3 all 25 3 1 1 2 3 1 360 3 2 2 3 3 3100



Material


Temp. (°C)


METHYLAMINE CH3NH2 32 25 2 1 1 2 160 3 2100

METHYLENE CH2Cl2 100 25 3 3 3 1 3 2CHLORIDE 60 3 3 2 3

100 3 3 3METHYL CH3COOSO4 50 25 1 2 2 1 1 1 1SULPHORIC ACID 60 2 2 2 1

100 3 2 3 3100 25 1 3 3 1 1 2

60 2 3 3100 3 3 3

MILK 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100 1 1 1

MINERAL ACIDOULOUS nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1WATER 60 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

100 1 1 1 1 1MOLASSES comm 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 2 2 1 1100 2 1 2 2

NAPHTA 100 25 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 160 3 3 3 1 1100

NAPHTALINE 100 25 1 1 3 1 2 3 3 160 2 3 1100 3 1 3

NICKEL NiCl3 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- CHLORIDE 60 1 1 1 1 1

100 1 1 1- NITRATE Ni(NO3)2 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1 1100 2 1

- SULPHATE NiSO4 dil 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 2 1 1100

sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1100

NITRIC ACID HNO3 anhydrous 25 3 3 2 3 160 3 3 3 3100 3 3 3 3

20 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 2 2 1 1 1100 3 1 1 2 1

40 25 1 2 1 1 1 160 1 2 3 1 1100 3 1 1 3 3

60 25 1 3 2 1 1 3 260 2 3 3 1 1 3 3100 3 1 1 3 3

98 25 3 3 3 1 3 3 360 3 3 3 1 3 3 3100 3 2 3 3 3

NITROBENZENE C6H5NO2 all 25 3 1 1 3 2 3 260 3 2 2 1 3 3 3100

OLEIC ACID C8H17CHCH(CH2)7CO2H comm 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 160 1 2 2 1100



Material


Temp. (°C)


OLEUM nd 25 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 160 3 3 3 3 3 3100

- VAPOURS low 25 3 3 3 3 3 3 160 3 3 3 3 3100

hight 25 3 3 3 3 3 3 160 3 3 3 3 3100

OLIVE OIL comm 25 1 1 1 2 160 2 3 1 1 1100

OXALIC ACID HO2CCO2H 10 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 160 2 1 2 1 1 1100 2 2 1 1

sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 160 1 1 2 1 1 1100 3 3 1 1

OXYGEN O2 all 25 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 160 1 2 3 1 1100

OZONE O3 nd 25 1 2 3 1 1 3 1 160 2 3 3 2 3100

PALMITIC ACID CH3(CH2)14COOH 10 25 1 1 1 1 2 160 1 3 1 1100

70 25 1 1 1 260 1 3 3 1 3 1100

PARAFFIN nd 25 1 3 160 2 2 1 1100

- EMULSION comm 25 1 2 3 1 1 160 1 2 3 1100

- OIL nd 25 1 1 160 1 3 1100

PERCHLORIC ACID HClO4 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 160 2 1 1 1 3 1100

70 25 1 1 1 1 3 2 160 2 2 1 3 1100

PETROL 100 25 1 1 1 1 2 3 1- REFINED 60 1 3 1

100- UNREFINED 100 25 1 1 1 1 2 3 1

60 1 3 1100

PHENOL C6H5OH 1 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1- AQUEOUS SOLUTION 60 1 1 1

100 3 1 1≤90 25 2 1 1 1 1 3 1

60 3 3 1 1100 3 1 1

PHENYL HYDRAZINE C6H5NHNH2 all 25 3 2 2 1 3 3 160 3 2 2 1 3 2100

- CHLORHYDRATE C6H5NHNH3Cl sat 25 1 1 1 160 3 3 3 2100



Material


Temp. (°C)


PHOSPHORIC H3PO4 ≤25 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1- ACID 60 2 1 1 1 3 1 1

100 1 1 2 1 1≤50 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1

60 1 1 1 1 3 1 1100 1 1 2 2 1

≤85 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 1 2 1 1100 1 1 2

- ANHYDRIDE P2O5 nd 25 1 1 1 1 2 1 160 2 1 1 3100

PHOSPHORUS PCl3 100 25 3 1 1 1 3 1TRICHLORIDE 60 3 1 3

100PHOTOGRAPHIC comm 25 1 1 1 1- DEVELOPER 60 1 1 1

100- EMULSION comm 25 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1100

PHTHALIC ACID C6H4(CO2H)2 50 25 1 1 1 1 160 3 1 1 1 1100

PICRIC ACID HOC6H2(NO2)3 1 25 1 1 1 1 2 1 160 1 1 3 1100

>1 25 3 1 3 1 1 1 160 3 1 3 1 2 2 1100

POTASSIUM K2CrO7 40 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- BICHROMATE 60 1 1 3

100- BORATE K3BO3 sat 25 1 1 1 1

60 2 1 1100

- BROMATE KBrO3 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1100 2 1 1

- BROMIDE KBr sat 25 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100

- CARBONATE K2CO3 sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 2 1100

- CHLORIDE KCl sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 160 1 1 1 1 1 1100 2 1 1

- CHROMATE KCrO4 40 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100

- CYANIDE KCN sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 2 1100

- FERROCYANIDE K4Fe(CN)6.3H2O 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1100 2 1 1

- FLUORIDE KF sat 25 1 1 160 1 1 1100

- HYDROXIDE KOH ≤60 25 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 160 2 1 1 2 1 3100 1 3 1

- NITRATE KNO3 sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1 1100 1 1



Material


Temp. (°C)


- PERBORATE KBO3 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1100

- PERMANGANATE KMnO4 10 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 2 1100

- PERSULPHATE K2S2O8 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1100

- SULPHATE K2SO4 sat 25 1 1 1 2 160 1 1 1 1 3100

PROPANE C3H8 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- GAS 60 1

100- LIQUID 100 25 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 1

60 1100

PROPYL ALCOHOL C3H7OH 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 160 2 1 1 1 1100

PYRIDINE CH(CHCH)2N nd 25 3 1 2 1 3 3 3 360 3 2 2 3 3 3 3100

RAIN WATER 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1100 1 1 1 1 1

SEA WATER 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 160 1 1 1 1 1 1 1100 1 1 1 1 1

SILICIC ACID H2SiO3 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1100

SILICONE OIL nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 3 2 1100

SILVER AgCN all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1- CYANIDE 60 1 1 1

100- NITRATE AgNO9 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 2 1 1 1 1100 2 1 1 2

- PLATING SOLUTION comm 25 1 1 1 160 1100

SOAP high 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- AQUEOUS SOLUTION 60 2 1

100SODIC LYE £60 25 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1100

SODIUM CH3COONa 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 1- ACETATE 60 1 1 1 1 1

100 1 1 1- BICARBONATE NaHCO3 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1 1 1 1100 1 1 1 1

- BISULPHITE NaHSO3 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 160 1 1 1 1 1 3100 2 1 1

- BROMIDE NaBr sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 3100

- CARBONATE Na2CO3 sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 2100 2



Material


Temp. (°C)


- CHLORATE NaClO3 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 2 1100

- CHLORIDE NaCl dil 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1100

sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1 1100 3 1 1

- CYANIDE NaCN all 25 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

- FERROCYANIDE Na4Fe(CN)6 sat 25 1 1 1 3 360 1 1100

- FLUORIDE NaF all 25 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 2 2100 3

- HYDROXIDE NaOH 60 25 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 2 1 3100 1 3 1 3

- HYPOCHLORITE NaOCl deb 25 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 160 2 2 1100

- HYPOSULPHITE Na2S3O3 nd 25 1 1 1 160 1 1100

- NITRATE NaNO3 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1100

- PERBORATE NaBO3H2O all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1100

- PHOSPHATE di Na2HPO4 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100 1 1 1

- PHOSPHATE tri Na3PO4 all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1 1100 1 1 1 1

- SULPHATE Na2SO4 dil 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100

- SULPHIDE Na2S dil 25 1 1 1 2 1 1 160 2 1 1 2100

sat 25 1 1 1 2 1 1 160 1 1 1 2 1100

- SULPHITE NaSO3 sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 2 1100

STANNIC CHLORIDE SnCl4 sat 25 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1100

STANNOUS CHLORIDE SnCl2 dil 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100

STEARIC ACID CH3(CH2)16CO2H 100 25 1 2 1 1 1 160 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1100

SUGAR SYRUP high 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1100



Material


Temp. (°C)


SULPHUR S 100 25 1 1 1 1 3 160 2 1 1100

- DIOXIDE AQUEOUS SO2 sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 2 3100

- DIOXIDE DRY all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1100 3 1 1

- DIOXIDE LIQUID 100 25 2 1 3 160 3 2 3100

- TRIOXIDE SO3 100 25 2 3 3 1 260 2 3 3100

SULPHURIC ACID H2SO4 ≤10 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1100 1 1 1 2 1 1

≤75 25 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 160 2 2 2 1 3 1100 2 1 2 3 2 1

≤90 25 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 2 2 1 1100 3 1 3 1

≤96 25 2 2 3 1 1 2 160 3 2 3 2 3 3100 3 3 3 3

- FUMING all 25 2 3 3 3 160 3 3 3 3100 3 3 3

- NITRIC AQUEOUS H2SO4+HNO3+H20 48/49/3 25 1 3 3 1 SOLUTION 60 2 3 3 1

100 3 150/50/0 25 2 3 3 1 1

60 3 3 3 1 1100 3 1

10/20/70 25 1 2 260 1 2 2100

TALLOW EMULSION comm 25 1 1 1 1 160 1 2 2100

TANNIC ACID C14H10O9 10 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100

TARTARIC ACID HOOC(CHOH)2COOH all 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1 2100

TETRACHLORO CHCl2CHCl2 nd 25 3 2 2 1 3 2- ETHANE 60 3 3 3 2

100- ETHYLENE CCl2CCl2 nd 25 3 2 2 1

60 3 3 3100

TETRAETHYLLEAD Pb(C2H5)4 100 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 2100

TETRAHYDROFURAN C4H8O all 25 3 2 2 1 3 3 3 260 3 3 3 2 3 3100 3 3 3 3

THIONYL CHLORIDE SOCl3 25 3 3 3 3 3 160100

THIOPHENE C4H4S 100 25 3 2 2 3 360 3 2 3 3100



Material


Temp. (°C)


TOLUENE C6H5CH3 100 25 3 2 2 1 3 3 3 260 3 3 3 1 3 3 3100 3 1 3 3 3

TRANSFORMER OIL nd 25 1 1 1 3 160 2 2 2100

TRICHLOROACETIC CCl3COOH ≤50 25 1 1 1 2 2 2 3ACID 60 3 2 1 2 3

100TRICHLOROETHYLENE Cl2CCHCl 100 25 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 1

60 3 2 3 1 3 3100

TRIETHANOLAMINE N(CH2CH2OH)2 100 25 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 160 3 3100

TURPENTINE 100 25 2 2 3 1 160 2 3 3100

UREA CO(NH2)2 ²10 25 1 1 1 1 1 1AQUEOUS SOLUTION 60 2 1 1 1 2

10033 25 1 1 1 1 1

60 2 1 1 1100

URINE nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1100

URIC ACID C5H4N4O3 10 25 1 160 2 2100

VASELINE OIL 100 25 1 1 1 1 3 160 3 2 2 1 3100

VINYL ACETATE CH3CO2CHCH2 100 25 3 1 3 2 160 3 3 3100 3 3

WHISKY comm 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1100

WINES comm 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100 1

WINE VINEGAR comm 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 2 1 1 1 1 1100 1 1 1

ZINC ZnCl2 dil 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- CHLORIDE 60 1 1 1 1

100sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

60 1 1 1 1 1100 2 1 1

- CHROMATE ZnCrO4 nd 25 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

- CYANIDE Zn(CN)2 all 25 1 1 1 160 1 1100

- NITRATE Zn(NO3)2 nd 25 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1100

- SULPHATE ZnSO4 dil 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1100

sat 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 160 1 1 1 1 1100



Material

Important Information

The listed data are based on results of immersion tests on specimens, in the absence of any applied stress. ln certain circumstances, where the preliminary classification indicates high or limited resistance, it may be necessary to conduct further tests to assess the behaviour of pipes and fittings under internal pressure or other stresses.

Variations in the analysis of the chemical compounds as well as in the operating conditions (pressure and temperature) can significantly modify the actual chemical resistance of the materials in comparison with this chart’s indicated value.

It should be stressed that these ratings are intended only as a guide to be used for initial information on the material to be selected. They may not cover the particular application under consideration and the effects of altered temperatures or concentrations may need to be evaluated by testing under specific conditions. No guarantee can be given in respect of the listed data. Vinidex reserves the right to make any modification whatsoever, based upon further research and experiences.

Sources for Chemical Resis-tances of Rubbers

Source 1 Chemical Resistance Data Sheets, Volume 2-Rubbers, Rapra Technology Limited, 1993Source 2 Handbook of PVC Pipe Design and Construction, Third Edition, Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 1993

Abbreviations

Material and Designation

NR Natural Rubber

NBR Nitrile Rubber

CR Polychloropene (Neoprene)

SBR Styrene Butadiene Rubber

EPDM Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer

S Satisfactory Resistance

L Limited Resistance

U Unsatisfactory Resistance

Table 2.2: General Guide for Chemical Resistance of Various Elastomers (Rubber Rings)


Material

Chemical Formula Temp. (°C) Conc. (%)

NR NBR CR SBR EPDM

ACETALDEHYDE CH3CHO 20 L U U U SACETIC ACID CH3COOH 20 10 S S S S S- glacial 20 L L U L LACETIC ANHYDRIDE (CH3CO)2O 20 L U S L LACETONE CH3COCH3 20 S U U L SACETONITRILE 20 S U S S SACETOPHENONE CH3COC6H5 20 U U U U SACETYL CHLORIDE 20 U U U U UACRYLIC ACID 20 L U L U SALUMINIUM -chloride AICI3 20 10 S S S S S-sulphate AI2(SO4)3 20 S S S S SAMMONIUM -hydroxide NH4(OH) 20 35 S S S S S-sulphate (NH4)2SO4 20 50 S S S S SAMYL ACETATE CH3CO2CH2(CH2)3CH3 20 U U U U UAMYL ALCOHOL CH3(CH2)3CH2OH 20 L L S L LANILINE C6H5NH2 20 L U L S SANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE SbCI3 20 10 S S S S SAQUA REGIA HCI + HNO3 20 U U U U UARSENIC ACID H3AsO4 20 S S S S SBARIUM -chloride BaCI2 20 S S S S S-hydroxide BaOH2 20 S S S S-sulphate BaSO4 20 S S S SBENZALDEHYDE C6H5CHO 20 U U U U UBENZENE C6H6 20 U U U U UBENZYL CHLORIDE 20 U U U U UBENZYL ALCOHOL 20 L U L L SBORIC ACID H3BO3 20 S S S S SBROMINE Br3 20 U U U U UBUTANOIS (butyl alcohols) C4H9OH 20 S S S S SBUTYL ACETATE CH3CO2CH2CH2CH2CH3 20 U U U U LBUTYL CHLORIDE 20 U U U U UBUTYRIC ACID C2H5CH2COOH 20 U U L U UCALCIUM -chloride CaCI2 20 S S S S S-hydroxide CaOH2 20 S S S S S-hypochlorite 20 U U U S-nitrate 20 S S S SCARBON DISULPHIDE CS2 20 U U U U UCARBON TETRACHLORIDE CCI4 20 U U U U UCASTROL OIL 20 S S S S LCELLOSOLVE (2-ethoxyethanol) 20 L L L U LCELLOSOLVE ACETATE 20 U U U U SCHLORIDE -dry gas Ci2 20 U U U U UCHLORINE DIOXIDE 20 U U U U UCHLORINE WATER 20 U U U U LCHLOROBENZENE 20 U U U U UCHLOROFORM CHCI3 20 U U U U UCHLOROSULPHONIC ACID CIHSO3 20 U U U U UCHROMIC ACID (plating soln) CrO3 + H2O 20 U U L U UCITRIC ACID C3H4(OH)CO2H)3 20 10 S S S S SCOPPER -acetate 20 L L L S-chloride CuCI2 20 S S S S-cyanide 20 S S S S-sulphate CuSO4 20 S S S L SCOTTONSEED OIL 20 S S S U SCREOSOTE 20 L U U UCRESOL CH3C6H4OH 20 U U L U UCYCLOHEXANONE C6H10O 20 U U U U LCYCLOHEXANE C6H12 20 U L L U UCYCLOHEXANOL 20 U L L U LDIESEL OIL 20 U S L U UDIETHYL ETHER C2H5OC2H5 20 U U L U UDIETHYLENE GLYCOL 20 S S S S SDIMETHYLAMINE (CH3)2NH 20 L S L U UDIMETHYLHYDRAZINE 20 U U U U SDIOCTYL PHTHALATE 20 U L U U SDIOXANE 20 U U U U L

Resistance: S = Satisfactory L = Limited U = Unsatisfactory


Material


NR NBR CR SBR EPDM

ETHANE 20 S L U UETHANOL (ethyl alcohol) CH3CH2OH 20 S S S S SETHYL -benzene 20 U U U U U-acetate 20 U U U L-chloride CH3CH2CI 20 U U U U L-ether 20 U U UETHYLENE -bromide 20 U U U U U-dichloride 20 U U U U L-glycol (ethanediol) HOCH2CH2OH 20 S S S S SFERRIC -chloride FeCI3 20 S S S S S-nitrate 20 S S S S S-sulphate 20 S S S S SFLUOBORIC ACID 20 S S S S SFLUORINE F2 20 U U U U UFLUOSILIC ACID HSiF6 20 S S S L SFORMALDEHYDE HCOH 20 40 S U L L SFORMIC ACID HCOOH 20 90 L L L S SFURFURALDEHYDE (furfural) 20 U U U U SHEXANE C6H14 20 U S L L UHYDRAZINE 20 S L L S SHYDROBROMIC ACID HBr 20 50 S U L U SHYDROCHLORIC ACID HCI 20 10 L S S S S

20 36 L S S L LHYDROFLUORIC ACID HF 20 40 L U S S SHYDROGEN -peroxide H2O2 20 35 S S S S S

20 87 U U U U S-sulphide H2S 20 U U S U SiSO-OCTANE (2,2,4-trimethylbentane) C8H18 20 U S L U UISOPROPYL -alcohol (CH3)2CHOH 20 S S S S S-chloride 20 U U U-ether 20 L L U UKEROSINE 20 S U U ULACTIC ACID CH3CHOHCOOH 20 90 S L S S SLEAD -acetate Pb(CH3COO)2 20 10 S S S S S-nitrate 20 S S S S S-sulphamate 20 L S L SLINSEED OIL 20 U S L U SLIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS 20 S L U ULUBRICATING OIL 20 U S S U UMAGNESIUM -carbonate MgCO3 20 S S S S S-chloride MgCL2 20 S S S S-hydroxide MgOH2 20 L S L S-sulphate MgSO4 20 S S L SMANGANESE -sulphate 20 S S S S SMURCURIC -chloride HgCi2 20 S S S S SMETHYL -alcohol (methanol) CH3OH 20 S S S S S-bromide (bromomethane) CH3Br 20 U U U U U-ethyl ketone CH3COCH2CH3 20 U U U U SMETHYLENE -chloride CH2CI2 20 U U U U UMOLASSES 20 S S S S SNAPTHALENE 20 U U U U UNATURAL GAS 20 S S U UNICKEL -chloride NiCI2 20 S S S S S-sulphate NiSO4 20 S S L SNITRIC ACID HNO3 20 10 L L L L S

20 70 U U U U UNITROBENZENE C6H5NO2 20 U U U U SNITROMETHANE 20 L L S L LNITROPROPANE 20 L U L L SOLEIC ACID C8H17CHCH(CH2)7CO2H 20 U S L U LOXALIC ACID HO2CCO2H 20 S L S L SOZONE O3 20 U U L U SPARAFIN -emulsion/oil 20 U S L U UPETROL 20 U S U L UPERCHLOROETHYLENE 20 U U U U UPHENOL C6H5OH 20 L U L L S



Material


NR NBR CR SBR EPDM

PHOSPHORIC -acid H3PO4 20 85 S U S S SPICRIC ACID HO6H2(NO2)3 20 L L L L SPOTASSIUM -cyanide KCN 20 S S S S S-floride KF 20 S S S S S-hydroxide KOH 20 50 S S S L S-permanganate KMnO4 20 25 L S S L S-nitrate KNO3 20 S S S S S-sulphate K2SO4 20 S S S S SPROPYLENE OXIDE 20 L U L U LPYRIDINE CH(CHCH)2N 20 U U U U LSEA WATER 20 S S S S SSEWAGE 20 S S S S SSODIUM -carbonate NA2CO3 20 10 S S S S S-chloride NaCI 20 25 S S S S S-cyanide NaCN 20 S S S S S-hydroxide NaOH 20 10 L S S S S

20 S S S S S-hypochlorite NaOCI 20 20 S S S L S-nitrate NaNO3 20 S L S L S-nitrite NaNO2 20 S S S S S-perborte 20 L L L S-peroxide 20-phosphate 20 S S S S S-silicate 20 S S S S-sulphate Na2SO4 20 S S L S-thiosulphate 20 L S L SSTANNIC CHLORIDE (Tin (IV) Chloide) SnCI4 20 S S S S SSULPHAMIC ACID 20 S S S S SSULPHUR DIOXIDE (gas) SO2 20 U L L U SSULPHURIC ACID H2SO4 20 10 S S S S S

20 70 U U L U S20 96 U U U U U20 FUMING U U U U U

TETRACHLOROETHANE CHCI2CHCI2 20 U U U U UTETRAHYDROFURAN C4H8O 20 U U U U UTHIONYL CHLORIDE SOCI3 20 U U U U LTITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE 20 U L U U UTOLUENE C6H5CH3 20 U U U U UTRICHLOROACETIC ACID CCI3COOH 20 L L U L LTRICHLOROETHANE 20 U U U U UTRICHLORETHYLENE CI2CCHCI 20 U U U U UTRIETHANOLAMINE N(CH2CH2OH)2 20 L S S L STRIETHYLAMINE 20 U L U U UTURPENTINE 20 U S U U UVEGETABLE OILS 20 U S S U LVINYL ACETATE CH3CO2CHCH2 20 U L S U UWATER H2O 20 S S S S SXYLENE C8H10 20 U U U U UZINC -acetate 20 L L U S-chloride ZnCI2 20 S S S S S-sulphate ZnSO4 20 S S L S


iPVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design

AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS 2

SELECTION OF PIPE DIAMETER AND CLASS 3

FLOW CONSIDERATIONS 4

Basis Of Design Flow Charts 4

Other Pipe Flow Formulas 5

Relating Roughness Coefficients 6

Effect of Varying Parameters 7

Roughness Consideration 8

Form Resistance to Flow 9

Worked Examples 11

Flow Charts 14

PRESSURE CONSIDERATIONS 24

Static Stresses 24

Dynamic Stresses 25

TEMPERATURE CONSIDERATIONS 32

Maximum Service Temperature 30

Pressure Rating 30

Expansion and Contraction 32

ABRASION RESISTANCE 33

MINE SUBSIDENCE 33

TRANSVERSE BUCKLING 35

Unsupported Collapse Pressure 35

Examples of Class Selection for Buckling 39

WATER HAMMER 39

Celerity 40

Pipe Response 41

Contents

iiPVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design

THRUST SUPPORT 42

Pressure Thrust 42

Velocity Thrust 43

Thrust Blocks 43

Vertical Thrusts 44

AIR AND SCOUR VALVES 45

Air Valves 45

Scour Valves 45

SOIL AND TRAFFIC LOADS 45

BENDING LOADS 45

Installing Pipes on a Curve 45

Joint Deflection 46

Bending of Pipes 46

Contents


Limitation of LiabilityThis product catalogue has been compiled by Vinidex Pty Limited (“the Company”) to promote better understanding of the technical aspects of the Company’s products to assist users in obtaining from them the best possible performance. The product catalogue is supplied subject to acknowledgement of the following conditions: 1 The product catalogue is protected by copyright and may not be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means in whole or in part without prior consent in writing by the Company.. 2 Product specifications, usage data and advisory information may change from time to time with advances in research and field experience. The Company reserves the right to make such changes at any time without further notice. 3 Correct usage of the Company’s products involves engineering judgements, which can not be properly made without full knowledge of all the conditions pertaining to each specific installation. The Company expressly disclaims all and any liability to any person whether supplied with this publication or not in respect of anything and all of the consequences of anything done or omitted to be done by any such person in reliance whether whole or part of the contents of this publication. 4 No offer to trade, nor any conditions of trading, are expressed or implied by the issue of content of this product catalogue. Nothing herein shall override the Company’s Condition of Sale, which may be obtained from the Registered Office or any Sales Office of the Company. 5 This product catalogue is and shall remain the property of the Company, and shall be surrendered on demand to the Company. 6 Information supplied in this product catalogue does not override a job specification, where such conflict arises; consult the authority supervising the job. © Copyright Vinidex Pty Limited.

2PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design

This section covers specification, selection and design considerations for PVC-U, PVC-O and PVC-M pressure pipe systems.

Australian Standards for PVC pipes cover composition, dimensions, performance and marking requirements for pipes, fittings and joints. Pipes are designated by their nominal size (DN) and their nominal pressure rating or class at 20°C (PN). Standards generally cover more than one size range with different outside diameters. These are identified in the marking on the pipe and sometimes by colour. Special purpose colours for specific applications may also be used, such as purple for recycled water.

For a given diameter series and nominal size, the mean outside diameter is specified and the wall thickness increases with increasing pressure rating.

The standard effective length of PVC pipes is 6m although other lengths, up to 12m, may also be available.

Pipes are supplied with an in-tegral socket for either solvent cement or rubber ring 1 jointing or as plain-ended pipes for jointing with couplings.

The following Australian Stan-dards specify requirements for PVC pressure pipes.

AS/NZS 1477 covers two size ranges of PVC-U pipes. Series 1 is a metric size range and Series 2 is compatible with the outside diameter of Australian cast and ductile iron pipes.

Series 1 pipes are generally coloured white and Series 2 pipes are generally coloured light blue.

This standard covers Series 1 pipes in sizes from DN 10 upwards with solvent cement joints or rubber ring joints (Polydex) and Series 2 (Vinyl Iron) pipes from DN 100 with rubber ring joints.

AS/NZS 4441 is an adoption of the International Standard ISO 16422 with some additional requirements for Australia and New Zealand. AS/NZS 4441 has specifications for two diameter series.

These are:

• ISO series. These pipes are known as Supermain International pipes and fully comply with both AS/NZS 4441 and ISO 16422; and

• Series 2. These pipes are compatible with the Australian Cast/Ductile Iron pipe outside diameter series and are known as Supermain. Supermain pipes meet the material and performance require-ments of both standards and the dimensional requirements of AS/NZS 4441.

Supermain Series 1 pipes for drinking water applications are coloured white. Supermain Se-ries 2 pipes for drinking water applications are coloured light blue. Other colours may be used for different applications for both Series such as purple for recycled water and cream for pressure sewer pipes.

Both series are available in rubber ring joints only.

As Supermain pipes achieve their performance enhance-ment from molecular orienta-tion, it is possible to vary the mechanical properties by changing the orientation level. AS4441 (Int) covers a range of PVC-O pipe materials, classi-fied by their Minimum Required Strength or MRS value. The material class is related to the MRS as shown in the table below

Material class for a given pipe can be identified by the marking on the pipe. Vinidex specialises in the higher material classes of PVC-O.

Series 1 (Vinidex Hydro® Series 1) and Series 2 (Vinidex Hydro®

Series 2) PVC-M pressure pipes are covered by AS/NZS 4765. Series 1 pipes have either solvent cement joints or rubber ring joints.

Series 2 pipes have rubber ring joints only. Sizes start from DN 100 for both series. Vinidex Hydro® Series 1 pipes for drinking water applications are coloured white. Vinidex Hydro® Series 2 pipes for drinking water applications are coloured light blue. Other colours may be used for differ-ent applications for both Series such as purple for recycled water and cream for pressure sewer pipes.

AUSTRALIANSTANDARDS

AS/NZS 1477 - PVC pipes and fittings for pressure applications

AS/NZS 4441 - Oriented PVC (OPVC) pipes for pressure applications

Material Class

MRS (MPa)

315 31.5

355 35.5

400 40

450 45

500 50

AS/NZS 4765 (Int.) - Modified PVC (PVC-M) pipes for pressure applications

1. Current Australian Standard terminology is “elastomeric ring joint”, however the simpler term “rubber ring joint is used throughout this manual


Design

The pipe diameter and class of PVC pipes is selected by consideration of the required hydraulic capacity and the expected operating conditions. For determination of the flow capacity, it is the mean internal diameter or bore which is the significant dimension. The mean bore for pipes to Aus-tralian Standards is calculated as mean OD minus twice the mean wall thickness. Along with other relevant dimensions, the mean bore of PVC-U, PVC-O and PVC-M pipes is tabulated in the product data section of this manual

Australian Standards classify PVC pipe into pressure classes shown in Table 3.1. Note that not all of these classes apply to all product ranges. Consult the relevant standard for applicable classes. This classification is intended to provide a first order guide to the duty for which the pipes are intended. These working pressures incorporate a suit-able factor of safety to ensure trouble free operation under average service conditions.

There are, however, many factors which must be considered when determining the severity of service and the appropriate class of pipe. In some instances, standard factors of safety may be too conservative, in others too risky. The final choice is up to the designer in the light of his knowledge of his particular situation.

Amongst the factors to be considered are:

1. Operating pressure characteristics:a) Maximum steady state or static pressures.b) Dynamic conditions, frequency and magnitude of pressure variations due to system operation or demand variation.

2. Temperature: The stress capability of PVC is temperature dependent.

3. Other load conditions:Earth loads, traffic loads, bending stresses, installation loads, expansion and contraction stresses and other mechanical loads.

4. Service life required: For short-term projects, e.g. mining, a life of 5 to 15 years could be appropriate; for irrigation, possibly 15 to 30 years; for municipal water supplies, 30 to 100 years.

5. Factor of safety: Dependent largely on the likelihood and consequences of failure, and the number of unknowns. Basic factors of safety built into Australian Standards for PVC pipes are applied at the design point of 50 years. For PVC-U to AS/NZS 1477 the standard safety factor is 2.145, for PVC-O, it is 1.6 and for PVC-M it is 1.42

For situations involving high costs of down-time and repair, a higher factor should be used.

These considerations are discussed in detail later in this section.

SELECTION OF PIPE DIAMETER AND CLASS

Table 3.1 Maximum Working Pressure

PN Meters head (MPa)4.5 46 0.45

6 61 0.6

8 81 0.8

9 91 0.9

10 102 1.0

12 122 1.2

12.5 127 1.25

15 153 1.5

16 163 1.6

18 184 1.8

20 204 2.0

2.For PVC-U, the safety factor is applied to the mean extrapolated stress whereas for PVC-O and PVC-M it is applied to the 97.5% lower confidence limit.


Design

Vinidex flow charts, as detailed in the following pages, relate the percentage hydraulic gradient to the diameter, discharge and flow velocity of PVC-U, PVC-O and PVC-M pressure pipelines.PVC-O and PVC-M pipes have a larger internal bore than standard PVC-U for a given size and pressure class, thus providing increased flow capacity. This may allow a smaller size to be chosen for a given application or, for reduced pumping costs to be realised in a size for size installation.The flow charts are based on Darcy’s expression for energy loss in pipes, i.e.

HydraulicGradient

where: H = uniform frictional head loss (m)L = pipe length (m)f = Darcy friction factorV = velocity of flow (m/s)D = pipe internal diameter (m)g = gravitational acceleration (9.8m/s2)

The Colebrook-White transi-tional flow function is used to evaluate the friction factor, i.e.

Note: The first term in brackets relates to surface roughness. The second term in brackets relates to viscous effects

Where:

Re = Reynolds Number

k = Colebrook-White roughness coeff. (m)

v = Kinematic viscosity of water (m2/s)

FLOW CONSIDERATION

Basis Of Design Flow Charts

LH =

2gV2

Hf=

2.511 2 log10 Ref= [ k

3.7D+

f

[

= VDv


Design

Depending on the nature of the surface of a pipe and the velocity of fluid that it is carrying, the flow in a pipe will either be rough turbulent, smooth turbulent or most probably somewhere in between.

The Colebrook-White transition equation incorporates the smooth turbulent and rough turbulent conditions. For a smooth pipe the first term in the brackets tends to zero and the second term predominates. For a rough pipe the first term in the brackets predominates, particularly at flows with a high Reynolds Number. This equation is therefore of almost universal application to virtually any surface roughness, pipe size, fluid or velocity of flow in the turbulent range.

Substituting for f in the Darcy equation notes that:

Q = flow velocity x pipe internal area

Where:

Q = discharge (m3/s)

This leads to the following expression upon which the flow charts are based.

This Colebrook-White based formula is now recognised by engineers throughout the world as the most accurate basis for hydraulic design, having had ample experimental confirmation over a wide range of flow conditions.

Examples

1. What is the hydraulic gradi-ent (H/L) and Velocity (V) in DN 100, PN 12 Series 1 PVC-U pipe flowing at 10 L/s?

From the Series 1 PN 12 flow chart, locate intercept of DN 100 line (East /West) and Discharge (Q) for 10 L/s (SW/NE).Trace back along hydraulic gradient line (NW/SE) to find H/L = 1.3 m/100 m From Diameter/Discharge intercept, trace (South) to find V = 1.25 m/s.

2. What hydraulic gradient is required to achieve a flow velocity of 1 m/s in a DN 300 PN 9 Series 1 PVC-U pipe?

From the Series 1 PN 9 flow chart, locate intercept of DN 300 line (East/West) with veloc-ity V = 1 m/s (North/South).Trace back along hydraulic gradient line (NW/SE) to find H/L = 0.25 m/100 m.

Other pipe flow formulasinclude:

a) The Manning formula:

b) The Hazen-Williams formula:

Where:

n = Manning roughness coefficient

C = Hazen-Williams roughness coefficient

R = Hydraulic radius (m) (R = D/4 for a pipe flowing full)

H/L = Hydraulic gradient (m/m)

Though both formulas do not give the same accuracy as the Colebrook-White equation over a wide range of flows they are often used in hydraulics because of their comparative simplicity.

2.51qQ=

3.7

D2π4

L

DL

2gDH log10 k2gDH

+

[[2

Other Pipe Flow Formulas

V = 0.849 C R0.63 H

L

] ]0.54

V n= 1 R1/2

2/3 HL

] ]


Design

Knowing k the equivalent roughness coefficients n and C for the other two formulas can be compared as follows:

Relating Roughness Coefficients

2.51v=-1/6

L

D2g log10 k

2gD H+

[1n 5.04D [3.7

=-0.13

2g log10

HL5.64D 2.51v

L

Dk

2gD H+

[[3.7C ]] -0.04

Table 3.2 Equivalent Roughness Coefficients

ID(m)

k(m)

v(m2/s)

H/L(m/m)

n C

0.20 0.003 x 10-3 1 x 10-6 0.01 0.0082 154

0.015 x 10-3 1 x 10-6 0.01 0.0084 151

0.03 x 10-3 1 x 10-6 0.01 0.0086 147

0.15 x 10-3 1 x 10-6 0.01 0.0096 132

0.3 x 10-3 1 x 10-6 0.01 0.01 123

0.6 x 10-3 1 x 10-6 0.01 0.011 113

0.45 0.003 x 10-3 1 x 10-6 0.01 0.0084 156

0.015 x 10-3 1 x 10-6 0.01 0.0086 152

0.03 x 10-3 1 x 10-6 0.01 0.0088 148

0.15 x 10-3 1 x 10-6 0.01 0.0099 132

0.3 x 10-3 1 x 10-6 0.01 0.011 123

0.6 x 10-3 1 x 10-6 0.01 0.011 114


Design

For a given discharge Q, the friction head loss H developed in a pipeline will vary with the following parameters:

Designers should use their own discretion as to whether or not it is appropriate to vary these parameters.

The viscosity of water decreas-es with increasing temperature. As the temperature increases the friction head will decrease.

An approximate allowance for the effect of the variation in water temperature is as follows:-

Increase the chart value of the hydraulic gradient by 1% for each 2 °C below 20 °C.Decrease the chart value of the hydraulic gradient by 1% for each 2 °C above 20 °C.

Vinidex pressure pipe is manu-factured in accordance with Australian Standards which permit specific manufacturing tolerance on both its mean outside diameter and wall thickness. Hence the mean bore of a pipe is given by:

The “Size DN” lines on the flow chart correspond to the mean bore of that size and class of pipe. (See product data section)

However, it is conceivable that a pipe could be manufactured with a maximum OD and a minimum wall thickness within approved tolerances. In this case, the discharge will be more than that indicated by the charts. Similarly, a pipe with a minimum OD and a maximum wall thickness will have a lower discharge than indicated.

For a given discharge the variation in friction head loss or hydraulic gradient due to this effect can be of the order of 2% to 10% depending on the pipe size and class. For pipe sizes greater than DN 100 this variation is usually limited to 6% for a PN 18 pipe.

Effect of Varying Parameters

Parameter Set Value

Water temperature

20oC

Small changes in pipe diameter

mean diameter(Australian Standards)

Roughness coefficient

k = 0.003mm

Water Temperature

Manufacturing DiameterTolerance

Mean bore = 2Dm Tmean OD mean wall

thickness


Design

The value of k, the roughness coefficient, has been chosen as 0.003 mm for new, clean, concentrically jointed Vinidex pressure pipe. This figure for k agrees with recommended values given in Australian Standard AS 2200 (Design Charts for Water Supply and Sewerage). It also is in line with work by Housen1 at the University of Texas which confirms that results for PVC pipe compare favourably with accepted values for smooth pipes for flows with Reynolds’ Number exceeding 10 4.

Roughness may vary within a pipeline for a variety of reasons. However, in water supply pipelines using clean Vinidex PVC pressure pipe these effects are minimised if not eliminated and k can be reliably taken as being equal to 0.003 mm.

Factors which may result in a higher k value include:

• Wear or roughening due to conveyed solids.

• Growth of slime or other incrustations on the inside.

• Joint irregularities and deflections in line and grade.

Note: Significant additional losses can be caused by de-sign or operational faults such as air entrapment, sedimenta-tion, partly closed valves or other artificial restrictions.

Every effort should be made to eliminate such problems. It is not recommended that k values be adjusted to compensate, since this may lead to errors of judgement concerning the true hydraulic gradient.

Engineers who wish to adopt higher values of k should take into account some of the above effects in relation to their particular circumstances. The maximum suggested value is 0.015 mm. Table 3-3 lists the percentage increase in the hydraulic gradient for typical k values above 0.003 mm for various flow velocities.

Example

What is the corrected Hydrau-lic Gradient for roughness coefficient of 0.015 if the H/L read from the charts was 0.25 m/100 m for a DN 300 pipe and a velocity of 1 m/s? (see example 2, design.6)

From Table 3.3 correction factor is 2.8%.

Corrected H/L = 1.028 x 0.25 = 0.257m.

RoughnessConsideration

Table 3.3 Percentage Increase in Hydraulic Gradient for Values of k higher than 0.003mm

SizeDN

Flow velocity(m/s)

k = 0.006(mm)

k = 0.015(mm)

50 0.5 0.6% 2.3%

1.0 1.0% 3.8%

2.0 1.6% 6.2%

4.0 2.7% 9.8%

100 0.5 0.5% 2.0%

1.0 0.9% 3.3%

2.0 1.5% 5.5%

4.0 2.4% 8.8%

200 0.5 0.4% 1.8%

1.0 0.8% 2.9%

2.0 1.3% 4.9%

4.0 2.2% 7.9%

300 0.5 0.4% 1.6%

1.0 0.7% 2.8%

2.0 1.2% 4.6%

4.0 2.0% 7.4%

450 0.5 0.4% 1.5%

1.0 0.6% 2.5%

2.0 1.1% 4.3%

4.0 1.9% 6.9%

1. HOUSEN, “Tests find friction Factors in PVC pipe”. Oil & Gas Journal Vol. 75, 1977


Design

In a pipeline, energy is lost wherever there is a change in cross section or flow direction. These energy losses which oc-cur as a result of disturbances to the normal flow show up as pressure drops in the pipeline.

These “form losses” which occur at sudden changes in section, at valves and at

fittings are usually small com-pared with the friction losses in long pipelines. However, they may contribute a significant part to the total losses in short pipeline systems with several fittings.

It can be shown that form losses in pipes may be expressed as a constant multiplied by the velocity head:

i.e. loss in pressure head

Where:V = velocity (m/s) from the flow chartK = resistance coefficient (from Table 3.4)

Form Resistance to Flow

HL= K

V2

2g(m)

Table 3.4 Resistance Coefficients for Valves, Fittings and Changes in Pipe Cross Section


Design

Example

What is the head loss in a DN 100 short radius 90° elbow when the flow velocity is 1m/s?

(Table 3.4) K = 1.1 for a short radius elbow

Head loss

Hence for any pipeline system the total form resistance to flow can be determined by adding together the individual head losses at each valve, fitting or change in cross section.

Equivalent Length (Le)

Form losses in fittings, valves, etc., are sometimes expressed in terms of an ‘equivalent length’ of straight pipe which has the same resistance to flow as the valve or fitting. By equating the form loss expression to the Darcy formula for energy loss in pipelines

i.e.

the ‘equivalent length’ Le is given by

As a general rule the ‘equivalent length’ method is not preferred as the value of the friction factor f depends not only on the Colebrook-White roughness coefficient chosen but also on the particular pipe size and velocity of flow (see Table 3.4).

With increasing flow velocity, f will decrease.

At V = 4 m/s, t is approximately 75% of the above values, i.e. the values in the table above are conservative.

Example

What is the equivalent straight pipe length of a DN 100 short radius 90° elbow?

K = 1.1 (Table 3.4)

D = 0.096m (product data section)

f = 0.018 (Table 3.5)

HL= K V2

2g

1.1 12

0.06m

2 x 9.8x=

=

Table 3.5 Value of Darcy Friction Factor f at Flow Velocity of 1 m/s and Roughness Coefficient 0.003 mm

ID (m) Friction Factor f

0.5 0.021

0.10 0.018

0.15 0.0165

0.20 0.0158

0.30 0.0146

0.45 0.0135

HL= K V2

2g= f Le

DV2

2g

Le = KDf

Le = KDf

= 1.10.018

x 0.096 = 5.9m


Design

1. What size and class of Vinidex PVC-U pipe is required?

2. What is the flow velocity and actual discharge?

Discharge Q = 36,000 L/s = 10 L/s

Hydraulic Gradient =

1. Minimum Class required is PN 6. From flow chart: find intersection of

Q = 10 L/s (Left hand scale) and H/L = 1.6 (Top scale)

Read off nearest larger pipe DN 100 (Right hand scale). Therefore DN 100, PN 6 pipe is required.

2. Now that the pipe has been selected, check actual flow. Using PN 6 flow chart find the intersection of DN 100 line and Hydraulic Gradient = 1.6m/100m.

Velocity V = 1.41m/s (Bottom scale)

discharge Q = 12.8L/s (Left hand scale) = 46,080L/h

Worked Examples

Water is required to flow at a discharge of 36,000 litres per hour from a storage tank on a hill to an outlet 3 km away. The difference in water level between the tank and the discharge end is 48m.

Example 1: Gravity Main

=HL

48m x3,000m

1.6m/100m100 =

A pipeline 6.5km long is required to deliver a flow of at least 30L/s. The storage tank at the pipeline inlet has a minimum water level 45m higher than the outlet. Pipe is required to be selected from the Series 2 diameter range. What size and class of Vinidex pipe should be selected?

Try Vinidex Hydro.

Discharge = 25L/s

Hydraulic Gradient =

From the Vinidex Hydro Series 2 flow chart, find the intersection of Q=30 L/s and H/L=0.6. Read off the nearest larger pipe size which gives DN 200.

The maximum pressure is 45m; therefore, a PN 6 pipe would be suitable.

Using the flow chart, find the intersection of the DN 200, PN 6 with H/L = 0.6. Read of the flow velocity from the bottom scale and the actual flow rate from the left hand scale. This gives V = 1.43 m/s and Q =54 L/s.

Example 2: Gravity Main

=HL

40 x 6500

0.6m/100m100 =


Design

A pumping line is required to deliver 35 L/s from a low level dam to a high level holding tank. The length of the line is 5 km. The maximum level of the holding tank is 100 m and the minimum level of the dam is 60 m. To avoid the need for sophisticated water hammer control gear, the engineer wishes to restrict flow velocity to a maximum 1 m/s.Calculate:

1. The size and class of Vinidex PVC-U pipe required.

2. The form head losses due to valves and fittings.

3. The head required at the pump.

Example 3: Pumping Main and Form Losses

Try PN6 PVC-U pipe.

Discharge Q = 35L/s (Left hand scale).

This intersects the 1m/sec velocity line (Bottom scale) at approximately DN 200 pipe. Try DN200 and DN225:

Calculate friction head in pipelines

Size DN Flow velocity(Bottom scale)

Hydraulic gradient(Top scale)

200 0.99 m/s 0.36m/100m

225 0.81 m/s 0.22m/100m

Size DN Pipe friction head

200 0.36 x 5000m/100m = 18m

225 0.22 x 5000m/100m = 11m

1. The pipe friction Head


Design

2. Form head lossesa) DN200 pipe.First calculate velocity head

b) DN 225 pipe. Form head losses = 0.72m

3. Total pumping head = pipe friction + form + static head losses head

Static head = difference in level storage tank to dam = l00m - 60m = 40m

It can be seen that PN 6 PVC-U pipe is required. The effect of valves and fittings in a system such as this is far outweighed by the pipe flow friction and static head losses. The most efficient and economic choice would be the DN 200 pipeline, giving a pumping head of 59.2 m and a flow velocity of 0.99 m/s.

=0.992

2 x 9.8= 0.05mV2

2g

Valve or fitting K value(Table 3.4)

Head loss(m)

Hinge disc foot valve (with strainer)

15.00 15.00 x 0.05 = 0.75

2 Gate valves (fully open) 0.2 2 x 0.2 x 0.05 = 0.02

1 Reflux valve 2.50 2.50 x 0.05 = 0.125

4 x 90o elbows 1.10 4 x 1.10 x 0.05 = 0.220

2 x 45o elbows 0.35 2 x 0.35 x 0.05 = 0.035

1 square outlet 1.00 1.00 x 0.05 = 0.050

Total form head losses = 1.2m

Size DN

Friction head

form losses

static head

Total head

200 18m 1.2m 40m 59.2m

225 11m 0.7m 40m 51.7m

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

Conclusion:


Design

Flow Charts

Flow Chart for Vinidex Hydro® PVC-M Pressure pipe Series 2 – PN6, PN9, PN12, PN16 AS/NZS 4765

Head Loss - Meters Head of Water per 100 meters of Pipe

Dis

char

ge -

Litr

es p

er S

econ

d (L

/s)


Design

Flow Chart for Supermain® PVC-O Pressure pipe Series 2 – PN12, PN16 AS4441

1010

0.100.10

99

0.900.90

0.090.09

88

0.800.80

0.080.08

77

0.700.70

0.070.07

66

0.600.60

0.060.06

55

0.500.50

0.050.05

44

0.400.40

0.040.04

33

0.300.30

0.030.03

22

0.200.20

0.020.02

0.010.01

1000800

600400

200100

8060

4020

108

64

21

1.01.0

.009.009

.008.008

.007.007

.006.006

.005.005

NOMIN

ALSIZ

E

VELOCITYm/s

NOMINAL SIZE

0.25

100

150

200

225

250

300

0.50

1.0

1.5

2.0

3.0

4.0

Head Loss - Meters Head of Water of per 100 meters of Pipe

Discharg

e - Litres per S

econd

(L/s)


Design

Flow Chart for Vinyl Iron PVC Pressure pipe Series 1 – PN6, PN9, PN12

Head Loss – Metres Head of Water per 100 meters of Pipe

Dis

char

ge

– Li

tres

per

Sec

ond

(L/s

)


Design

Flow Chart for Vinidex Hydro® PVC-M Pressure pipe Series 1 – PN6, PN9, PN12 AS/NZS 4765


Discharg

e – Litres per S

econd

(L/s)


Design

Flow Chart for PVC-U Pressure pipe Series 1 - PN4.5 AS 1477


Dis

char

ge

– Li

tres

per

Sec

ond

(L/s

)

SizeDN

Velocity (m/s)


Design

Flow Chart for PVC-U Pressure pipe Series 1 – PN6 AS 1477


Dis

char

ge

– Li

tres

per

Sec

ond

(L/s

)

SizeDN

Velocity (m/s)


Design



Dis

char

ge

– Li

tres

per

Sec

ond

(L/s

)

SizeDN

Velocity (m/s)


Design



Dis

char

ge

– Li

tres

per

Sec

ond

(L/s

)

SizeDN

Velocity (m/s)


Design



Dis

char

ge

– Li

tres

per

Sec

ond

(L/s

)

SizeDN

Velocity (m/s)


Design



Discharg

e – Litres per S

econd

(L/s)


Design

The hydrostatic pressure capacity of PVC pipe is related to the following variables:

1. The ratio between the outer diameter and the wall thick-ness (dimension ratio).2. The hydrostatic design stress for the PVC material.3. The operating temperature.4. The duration of the stress applied by the internal hydro-static pressure.

The pressure rating of PVC pipe can be ascertained by dividing the long-term pressure capacity of the pipe by the desired factor of safety. Although PVC pipe can withstand short-term hydro-static pressure applications at levels substantially higher than pressure rating or class, the performance of PVC pipe in response to applied internal hydrostatic pressure should be based on the pipe’s long- term strength.

By international convention, the relationship between the internal pressure in the pipe, the diameter and wall thick-ness and the circumferential hoop stress developed in the wall, is given by the Barlow Formula, which can be ex-pressed in the following forms:

and alternatively, for pipe design,

where:T = wall thickness (mm)Dm = mean outside diameter (mm)Dmean = Diameter the mid wall (mm)P = internal pressure (MPa)S = circumferential hoop stress (MPa)

These formulas have been standardised for use in design, routine testing and research work and are thus applicable at all levels of pressure and stress. They form the basis for establishment of ultimate material limitations for plastic pipes by pressure testing.

For design purposes, P is taken as the maximum allow-able working pressure with s being the maximum allowable hoop stress (at 20 C) given below:

PRESSURE CONSIDERATIONS

=2TminS

(Dmmin - tmin)P

2TS

Dmean

=

=TminPDmmin

2S + P

PVC-U pipes up to DN150 11MPa

DN175 PVC-U pipes and larger 12.3MPa

Material Class 400 Oriented PVC pipes (PVC-O)

25MPa

Material Class 450 Orientated PVC pipes (PVC-O)

28MPa

Material Class 500 Orientated PVC pipes (PVC-O)

32MPa

Modified PVC pipes (PVC-M) 17.5MPa

Static Stresses


Design

PVC pressure pipes are designed on the basis of a burst regression line for pipes subjected to constant internal pressure. From this long term testing and analysis, nominal working pressure classes are allocated to pipes as a first indication of the duty for which they are suitable. However, there are many other factors which must be considered, including the effects of dynamic loading. Whilst most gravity pressure lines operate substantially under constant pressure, pumped lines frequently do not. Pressure fluctuations in pumped mains result from events such as pump start-up and shutdown and valves opening and closing. It is essential that the effects of this type of loading be considered in the pipeline design phase to avoid prema-ture failure.

The approach adopted for pipe design and class selection when considering these events depends on the anticipated frequency of the pressure fluctuation. For frequent, repetitive pressure variations, the designer must consider the potential for fatigue and design accordingly. For random, isolated surge events, for example, those which result from emergency shutdowns, the designer must ensure that the maximum and minimum pressures experienced by the system are within acceptable limits.

Definitions

SurgeFor the purposes of this document, surge is defined as a rapid, very short-term pressure variation caused by an accidental, unplanned event such as an emergency shutdown resulting from a power failure. Surge events are characterised by high pressure rise rates with no time spent at the peak pressure.

FatigueIn contrast, fatigue is associ-ated with a large number of repetitive events. Many materi-als will fail at a lower stress when subjected to cyclic of repetitive loads than when under static loads. This type of failure is known as (cyclic) fatigue. For thermoplastic pipe materials, fatigue is only relevant where a large number of cycles are anticipated. The important factors to consider are the magnitude of the stress fluctuation, the loading frequency and the intended service life. Where large pressure fluctuations are predicted, fatigue design might be required if the total number of cycles over the intended lifetime of the pipeline exceeds 25,000. For smaller pressure cycles, a larger number of cycles can be tolerated.

Pressure RangePressure range is defined as the maximum pressure minus the minimum pressure, includ-ing all transients, experienced by the system during normal operations

Diurnal pressure changesDiurnal pressure changes are gradual pressure changes which occur in most distribu-tion pipelines as a result of demand variation. It is generally accepted that diurnal pressure changes will not cause fatigue. The only design consideration required for this type of pressure fluctuation is that the maximum pressure should not exceed the pres-sure rating of the pipe.

Surge designIt has long been recognised that PVC pipes are capable of handling short-term stresses far greater than the long-term loads upon which they are designed. That is, PVC pipes can cope with higher pressures than they are designed for provided the higher pressures are of only a short duration. However, this characteristic feature is not utilised in design in Australia and design recommendations advise that the peak pressure should not exceed the nominal working pressure of the pipe. This recommendation is based on the fact the pipes should not be considered in isolation but as part of a system. Whilst the pipes themselves might be capable of withstanding occasional, short duration exposure to pressures in excess of the design pressure, the same assumption may not apply to the pipeline system.

Where the generation of nega-tive pressures is anticipated, the possibility of transverse buckling should be considered. This topic is addressed elsewhere.

Dynamic Stresses


Design

Using Table 1, the Maximum Cyclic Pressure Range for a given class of pipe can be calculated from the following formula:

Charts plotting the MCPR versus the number of cycles for a range of pressure classes of PVC-U, PVC-M and PVC-O pipes are plotted here 302:PVC-U , 302:PVC-M or 302:PVC-O or as PDF versions. 302:PVCUpdf, 302:PVCMpdf, 302:PVCOpdf

Fatigue designThe fatigue response of thermoplastics pipe materials, particularly PVC, has been extensively investigated 302:3-13. The results of laboratory studies can be used to estab-lish a relationship between stress range, defined here as the difference between the maximum and minimum stress (see Fig 2), and the number of cycles to failure. From these relationships it is possible to derive load factors that can be applied to the operating pressures, to enable selection of an appropriate class of pipe.

This type of experimental data inevitably has a degree of scatter and it has been Australian practice, after Joseph (3), to adopt the lower bound for design purposes. This approach is retained here because it ensures the design has a positive safety factor and recognises that pipelines may sustain minor surface damage during installation, which could promote fatigue crack initiation. Note that for fatigue loading situations, the maximum pressure reached in the repetitive cycle should not exceed the static pressure rating of the pipe.

Recommended fatigue cycle factors for PVC-U, PVC-M and PVC-O are given in Table 1 below:

Total Cycles Approx No. Cycles/day for 100y life Fatigue Cycle Factors, f

PVC-U PVC-M PVC-O

26,400 1 1 1 1

100,000 3 1 0.67 0.75

200,000 5.5 0.81 0.54 0.66

500,000 14 0.62 0.41 0.56

1,000,000 27 0.5 0.33 0.49

2,500,000 82 0.38 0.25 0.41

5,000,000 137 0.38 0.25 0.41

10,000,000 274 0.38 0.25` 0.41

Recommended fatigue cycle factors for PVC-U, PVC-M and PVC-O are given in Table 1 below:

=MCPR PN10

x f

ProcedureTo select the appropriate pipe class for fatigue loading, the following procedure should be adopted:

Estimate the likely pressure range, i.e., the maximum pres-sure minus the minimum pres-sure. Estimate the frequency or the number of cycles per day

which are expected to occur.Determine the required service life and calculate the total number of cycles which will occur in the pipe lifetimeUsing the appropriate chart for 302:PVC-U , 302:PVC-M or 302:PVC-O ; draw a vertical line from the x-axis at ΔP and a horizontal line from the y-axis at the total number of cycles in

the pipe lifetimeFind the intersection point between the horizontal and vertical lines.Select the pipe class that bounds the region of this intersection point as the minimum required for these fatigue conditions.


Design

A sewer rising main has a pump pressure, including static lift and friction losses, of 400 kPa. When the pump starts up, the pressure rises rapidly to 800 kPa before decaying exponentially to the static pumping pressure. On pump shut down, the minimum pressure experienced by the system is 100 kPa. On average, the pump will start up 8 times per day. A minimum life of 100 years is required.

The maximum pressure experienced indicates that a minimum class of PN 9 will be required. A fatigue analysis is now needed in order to determine suitability or otherwise of PN 9.

In this system, the pressure range is 700 kPa. The pump will start up approximately 292,000 times in a 100 year lifetime. However, the exponential cycle pattern means that this should be doubled for design purposes. Therefore, the system should be designed to withstand approximately 584,000 cycles in a 100 year lifetime.

Example

Material Fatigue Cycle Factor, f (Table 1)

Maximum Cyclic Pressure Range(MPa)

Minimum Pipe Class Selection

PVC-U 0.6 PN9 = 0.9 x 0.6 = 0.54 <DP PN12

PN12 = 1.29 x 0.6 = 0.72 <DP

PVC-M 0.4 PN16 = 1.6 x 0.4 = 0.64 <DP PN18

PN18 = 1.8 x 0.4 = 0.72 <DP

PVC-O 0.54 PN12.5 = 1.25 x 0.54 = 0.675 <DP PN16

PN16 = 1.6 x 0.54 = 0.86 <DP

Using Table 1 to determine the fatigue load factors for PVC pipes at 5.8 x 105 cycles gives the following class selection:

The graphical procedure is demonstrated below for PVC-U. Using the charts for PVC-U (see 211:PVC-U) , draw a vertical line from the pressure range on the x axis and a horizontal line from the number of cycles on the y axis. Find the intersection of these two lines and read off the pipe pressure class that bounds this region. In this example, the intersection point lies in the region bounded by the PN12 curve so PN 12 is required for PVC-U pipe for fatigue loading.

The fatigue analysis thus determines that although PN 9 is adequate for the maximum pressure, a minimum PN 12 pipe is needed for PVC-U, PN18 for PVC-M and PN16 for PVC-O, in order to cope with fatigue effects.


Design

For simplicity, the pressure range is defined as the maximum pressure minus the minimum pressure, including all transients, experienced by the system during normal operations. The effect of accidental conditions such as power failure may be excluded. This is illustrated in the figure below.

This figure also illustrates the definition of a cycle as a repeti-tive event. In some cases, the cycle pattern will be complex and it may be necessary to also consider the contribution of secondary cycles.

Pumping systems are frequent-ly subject to surging following the primary pressure transient on switching. Such pressure surging decays exponentially, and in effect the system is subjected to a number of minor pressure cycles of reducing magnitude. In order to take this into account, the effect of each minor cycle is related to the primary cycle in terms of the number of cycles which would produce the same crack growth as one primary cycle.

According to this technique, a typical exponentially decaying surge regime is equivalent to 2 primary cycles. Thus for design purposes, the primary pressure range only is considered, with the frequency doubled.

Complex Cycle Patterns

In general, a similar technique may be applied to any situation where smaller cycles exist in addition to the primary cycle. Empirically crack growth is related to stress cycle amplitude according to (II)3.2. Thus n secondary cycles of magnitude nn, may be deemed equivalent in effect to one primary cycle, ,,0

where

For example a secondary cycle of half the magnitude of the primary cycle:

so it would require 9 secondary cycles to produce the same effect as one primary cycle. If they are occurring at the same frequency, the effective frequency of primary cycling is increased by 1.1 for the purpose of design

Effect of Temperature

Joseph notes that the available data indicates that there is no evidence of a change in response of PVC fatigue crack growth rates with temperature, at least in the lower tempera-ture region where results are available. This is logically consistent with known fatigue behavior, since the propensity to propagate a crack reduces with increasing ductility which results in yielding and blunting of the crack tip and a reduction in local stress intensity. Thus one would expect that PVC, with increasing ductility and decreasing yield strength,

would not be degraded in fatigue performance at higher temperatures.

It follows that, while normal derating principles must be applied in class selection for static pressures, (ductile burst), no additional temperature derating need be applied for dynamic design.ie. Select the highest class arrived via:-

a) Static design including temperature derating; orb) Dynamic design as covered herein.

Definition of Pressure Range and effect of Surges

n Ds1

=Ds0

3.2

))

n1

= 23.2

)) = 9.2


Design

Safety Factors

The tabulated fatigue cycle factors represent the lower bound of test data generated from a number of different sources over the last few years on commercially produced PVC pipes. The mean line for this data is approximately half a log decade higher than this, and the relationship assumes no threshold stress level at low stress amplitudes and long times.

It is therefore considered conservative and no additional safety factor need be applied in general. However, where the magnitude or frequency of dynamic stresses cannot be estimated in design with any reasonable degree of accuracy, appropriate caution should obviously be applied. This judgement is in the hands of the designer.

Whilst it is always possible to predict the steady operating conditions with good accuracy, it will occasionally be the case, in complex systems, that it is impossible to predict the extent of surge pressures. In such circumstances, relatively low cost surge mitigation tech-niques, for example the solid state soft-start motor control-lers should be considered. It is of course recommended that actual operating conditions for all systems should be checked by measurement, as a matter of routine, when the system is commissioned. Should surge pressure amplitudes in the event exceed expected levels, it is relatively easy matter to retrofit control equipment to ensure that they are kept in check.

Design Hints

To reduce the effect of dynamic fatigue in an installation, the designer can:

1. Limit the number of cycles by:

a. Increasing well capacity for a sewer pumping station;

b. Matching pump performance to tank size to eliminate short demand cycles for an automatic pressure unit; or

c. Using double-acting float valves or limiting starts on the pump by the use of a time clock when filling a reservoir

2. Reduce the dynamic range by:

a. Eliminating excessive water hammer; or

3. Using a larger bore pipe to reduce friction losses

Fittings

C fittings present a problem worthy of special consider-ation. Complex stress patterns in fittings can ‘amplify’ the apparent stress cycle. An apparently harmless pressure cycle can thus produce a damaging stress cycle leading to a relatively short fatigue life.

This factor is particularly severe in the case of branch fittings such as tees, where amplification factors up four times have been noted. The condition can be aggravated further by the existence of stress cycling from other sources, for example bending stresses induced flexing under hydraulic thrust in improperly supported systems.

Prudence therefore dictates that a suitable factor of safety be applied to fittings in as-sessing class requirements. It is recommended that the following factors be applied to the design dynamic pressure cycle for fittings:

Tees Equal Dx3/4D Dx1/2D Dx1/4D

Safety Factor 4 3 2 1.5

Bends 90° short 45° short 90° long 45° long

Safety Factor 3 2 2 1.5

Reducers Dx3/4D Dx1/2D Dx1/4D

Safety Factor 1.5 2 2.5

Adaptors & Couplings Equal Size Wyes

Safety Factor 1 6


Design

Example

A golf course watering scheme is designed to operate at 0.70 MPa. Balanced loading will ensure no pump cycling during routine watering. However, the system is to be maintained on standby with a jockey pump for hand watering purposes and this will cut in and out at 0.35 and 0.75 MPa. With normal usage and leakage this may occur every half hour on average for twelve hours a day. A twenty-five year life is required.

The pressure cycle is 0.4 MPa. Allow 20% for water hammer but no surging is likely in this type of system. Total dynamic cycle 0.48 MPa. The total life cycles predicted is 25 x 365 x 25 = 228,000. Using the table, the MCPR of a PN 9 pipe is 0.64. Therefore, PN 9 pipe is satisfactory (PN 9 is required to cope with normal operational pressure). For fittings the effec-tive dynamic cycle is

Equal Tees : 4 x 0.48 = 1.92 MPaElbows 90° : 3 x 0.48 = 1.44 MPa

PN 18 fittings are suitable for only 1.8 MPa effective dynamic range. Equal tees may not have an acceptable life in this system.

Solution: Reduce the dynamic range or reduce the frequency or the periods on standby.

PVC-U and PVC-M pipes are suitable for use at service temperatures up to 50°C. For PVC-O pipes, the maximum continuous operating tem-perature should be limited to 45°C. Note that for all pipes conveying drinking water, compliance with the cold water requirements of AS/NZS 4020 is only valid up to 40°C and the Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA) recommend that water supply systems be limited to this value.

Mechanical properties of PVC are temperature dependent. Nominal working pressures are determined at 20°C.

For lower operating tem-peratures, the 20°C ratings are used, even though properties such as tensile strength are greater. As the temperature decreases, it is advisable to take additional care to avoid impact damage as the impact strength decreases with temperature. Sub-zero operat-ing temperatures are specialist applications (see PVC pipes in low temperature applications) and reference can be made to the Vinidex Technical Depart-ment.

For temperatures greater than 20°C, the maximum working pressures of PVC pipes should be reduced. The following table gives the recommended maximum operating pressures for PVC-U, PVC-M and PVC-O pipes.

TEMPERATURECONSIDERATIONS

Maximum Service Temperature

Pressure Rating

Pipe Material

Temp °C

Maximum Allowable pressure (MPa)

PN4.5

PN6

PN9

PN10

PN12

PN12.5

PN15

PN16

PN18

PN20

30° 0.39 0.52 0.78 0.87 1.04 1.09 1.31 1.39 1.57 1.74

35° 0.36 0.47 0.71 0.79 0.95 0.99 1.19 1.26 1.42 1.58

40° 0.32 0.42 0.63 0.70 0.84 0.88 1.05 1.12 1.26 1.40

45° 0.29 0.38 0.58 0.64 0.77 0.80 0.96 1.02 1.15 1.28

50° 0.26 0.35 0.52 0.58 0.70 0.73 0.87 0.93 1.04 1.16

Table 3.6 Maximum allowable operating pressures (MPa) for pipe pressure classes (PN)


Design

The material temperature under consideration is the average temperature of the pipe wall under operational conditions.

In most instances it may be assumed that the pipe temperature is equal to the elevated temperature of the fluid being carried.

Where a temperature differ-ential exists between the fluid in the pipe and the external environment, the operating temperature may be taken as the mean of the internal and external pipe surface tempera-tures.

For the usual case of turbulent flow of fluid inside the pipe, the inside surface temperature may be taken as the tempera-ture of the fluid. The rate of heat transfer across the wall of a PVC pipe is low, and pro-vided the exterior of the pipe is well ventilated, the external surface will be near ambient. Where heat transfer to or from the surrounding material is very slow, the external surface temperature will be near to that of the internal surface.

It may be necessary in critical cases to establish surface temperature characteristics by experiment. For the situation of a buried pipeline with flowing water, an appropriate ‘rule of thumb’ is:

Tm = 2Tw + Ts 3Where:Tm = mean material temperatureTw = water temperatureTs = soil temperature

t should be noted that the pressure condition where flow is stopped should also be checked. In this event, water temperature and outside temperature will equalise

Temperature can also be averaged with respect to time.

The average temperature may be considered to be the weighted average of tem-peratures in accordance with the percentage of time spent at each temperature under operational pressures:

tm = t1 L1 + t2 L2 + ... + tn Ln

where Ln = proportion of life spent at temperature tn

This approximation is reason-able provided the temperature variations from the mean do not exceed ± l0°C which is generally the case for pipes buried below 300 mm.

For most underground water supply systems, the overall mean temperature from meteorological records is appropriate for class selection purposes, since this represents the mean of the annual and diurnal sinusoidal temperature patterns.

For systems subjected to larger variations, the tempera-ture for rating purposes should be taken as the maximum less 10°C. However, the peak temperature should not exceed 60°C.

ExampleA reticulation system is to be installed in a town with a mean ground temperature at pipe depth of 20°C. The December-February average is 25°C. Although diurnal variations occur with air temperatures up to 40°C during heatwave periods, water temperatures and ground temperatures at pipe depth do not exceed the mean of 27°C. A 50 year life is required at the standard factor of safety.

Weighted average temperature:

tm = 25(3/12) + 20.5(6/12) + 15(3/12) = 6.25 + 10.25 + 3.75 = 20.25°C

Therefore, use rating for 20°C. This is the same result as taking the mean.

For a more sophisticated approach, refer to ISO 13760: Plastics pipes for conveyance of fluids under pressure - Miner’s rule - Calculation method for cumulative dam-age.

Temperature Rating of PVC Pipe


Design

All materials expand and contract with changes in temperature and PVC has a relatively high rate of change.

The coefficient of thermal expansion is 7 x 10-5/°C.

A handy rule is 7 mm change in length for every 10 metres for every 10°C change in temperature

ExampleA 150 metre line of PVC pipe is being installed with the temperature at 28°C. The service temperature will be 18°C. What allowance has to be made for expansion?

1. Find difference between maximum and minimum temperature,i.e. 28°C - 18° C = 10°C.

2. Check chart above for expansion per metre.10° C = 0.7 mm.

3. Multiply answer by total length of line0.7 x 150 = 105 mm

This means the pipe will contract approximately 0.1 metres when in service. Methods of providing for thermal expansion or contraction will depend on the nature of the installation and whether it is above or below ground. (See Installation section)

Expansion and Contraction


Design

Plastics generally show excellent performance under abrasive conditions. The main properties contributing to this are the low elastic modulus and coefficient of friction. This enables the material to “give” and particles tend to skid rather than abrade the surface.

Well known low friction materi-als such as Teflon, Nylon and Polyurethanes show outstand-ing characteristics. Economics, however, are a major factor and PVC’s performance in the context of wear rate/unit cost is excellent. Factors affecting abrasion are complex and it is difficult to relate test data to practical conditions.

The Institute for Hydromechan-ic and Hydraulic Structures of the Technical University of Darmstadt in West Germany tested the abrasion resistance of several pipe products. Gravel and river sand were the abrasive materials used in concrete pipe, glazed vitrified clay pipe and PVC piping, with the following results:

In ground subject to earth movement or in areas af-fected by underground mining, pipes can be subjected to longitudinal stresses. These stresses can occur anytime after installation and result in axial stress in the pipe. Whilst PVC pipes are capable of absorbing significant strains it is advantageous to use rubber ring jointed pipe in these areas. The pipe MUST be correctly installed to the witness mark position. All Vinidex rubber ring pipes are designed to absorb some ground strain and movement in the pipe joint can accommodate a certain amount of the strain associ-ated with mine subsidence.

Each joint’s ability to take strain can be calculated from the equation:

M = 3SL + TD + 1.5 a ΔtL

where:

M = total axial movement within the socket while still maintaining the seal (mm)S = ground strain (mm/m)L = length of pipe (m)T = permitted socket deflection (radians)D = outside diameter of the spigot (mm) a = coefficient of thermal expansion for PVC (8.1 x 10 - 5/°C) *Δt = maximum temperature variation (22°C)

* Note, this value of the coefficient of thermal expansion of PVC is used by the Mine Subsidence Board. Elsewhere, 7 x 10-5/°C is used.

The witness mark is positioned to allow the optimum combina-tion of insertion/extraction without overstressing the pipe or losing seal.

ABRASION RESISTANCE

MINE SUBSIDENCE

Concrete (unlined) Measurable wear at 150,000 cycles

Vitrified Clay (glazed lining) Minimal wear at 260,000 cycles. Accelerated wear after glazing wore off at 260,000 cycles.

PVC Minimal wear at 260,000 cycles (about equal to glazed vitrified clay, but less accelerated than virtified clay after 260,000 cycles)


Design

Pipe Size DN

Length 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 225 250 300 375 450

3m 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 11

6m 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5

Table 3.7 Allowable Ground Strain (%) for Series 1 spigot and socket PVC-U and PVC-M pipes (3 & 6 meter lengths) mm/m

Table 3.8 Allowable Ground Strain (%) for Series 2 spigot and socket PVC-U and PVC-M pipes (3 & 6 meter lengths) mm/m

Pipe Size DN

Length 100 150 200 225 250 300 375

3m 4 5 10 9 10 9 11

6m 2 2 4 4 4 4 5

Table 3.9 Allowable Ground Strain (%) for Series 2 spigot and socket Supermain® pipes (3 & 6 meter lengths) mm/m

Pipe Size DN

Length 100 150 200 225 250 300 375

3m 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

6m 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

These tables assume that the ground strain is uniformly transferred along the pipe.Pothole subsidence or large localised fissures may result in damage to the pipe or joint.


Design

A pipe subjected to pressure externally (or vacuum internally) is subject to a potential stability problem. For any given diameter/wall thickness ratio, there is a critical collapse pressure at which the pipe wall will commence to buckle inwards. The failure mode is unstable, i.e. the more it buckles the less resistance to buckling, and so total collapse occurs rapidly.

Situations where pipe buckling may arise are comparatively rare, but in certain circum-stances this can be a controlling factor on selection of pipe class.

The unsupported critical buckling pressure sustainable by a pipe can be calculated from:

Where:

Where E = the effective elastic material modulus (MPa)

v= Poisson’s Ratio for the material which may be taken as 0.4 for PVC-U and PVC-M and 0.45 for PVC-O

I= moment of inertia of the cross-section of the pipe wall (mm4/mm) (= t3/12 for a pipe of uniform section t)

Dm= diameter of the pipe taken at the neutral axis of the wall cross section (mm)

This may also be expressed in terms of the pipe ring-bending stiffness as:

Where: Sc = Calculated ring-bending stiffness (kPa) (see Table 3.10)

TRANSVERSEBUCKLING

Unsupported Collapse Pressure

Pc= kPa24EI103

(1 - v2)Dm3

Pc= kPa24

(1 - v2)x Sc


Design

Since the ring-bending stiff-ness is broadly constant for a particular class of pipe, the collapse pressure is indepen-dent of diameter and can be computed for each class. Note, however, that PVC-U pressure pipe to AS/NZS 1477 has different dimension ratios for small bore and large bore (DN 175 and over) pipes. Calcu-lated minimum ring-bending stiffnesses are tabulated in Table 3.10:

AS/NZS 1477

AS/NZS 1477

AS/NZS 4675

AS/NZS 4441

AS/NZS 4441

AS/NZS 4441

PN PVC<=150 PVC>150 PVC-M PVC-O 400 PVC-O 450 PVC-O 500

4.5 2.3 1.6 - - - -

6 5.4 3.9 2.6 - - -

9 18.3 13.1 4.3 - - -

12 43.3 31.0 10.1 - - -

12.5 - - - 5.2 3.7 2.7

15 84.5 60.5 19.7 - - -

16 102.6 73.4 23.9 10.2 7.8 5.2

18 146.1 104.5 34.0 - - -

20 200.4 143.3 - - - 10.2

Table 3.10 Minimum calculated stiffness, Sc, for PVC pressure pipes (kPa)

NOTE The stiffness values above are calculated on the basis of minimum wall thickness at any point . Since the stiffness is a function of the mean wall thickness, it is statistically not possible for these values to be realised in practice, and the real stiffness will be significantly greater. Based on known process capabilities the mean wall thickness could reasonably be expected to be at least 5% above minimum and the stiffness correspondingly 16% higher than the figures above.

The stiffness is related to the effective modulus, which varies with the loading condition (short or long term), and also with temperature. For long term loading and/or elevated temperatures, the critical buckling pressure should be multiplied by a correction factor to take the variation in modulus into account. Appropriate values of the temperature/loading time correction factor are given in Table 3.11.

Temperature

Loading term 20OC 30OC 40OC

Short Term - e.g. water surges (seconds/minutes) 1 0.96 0.93

Medium Term - e.g. concrete work (hours) 0.81 0.75 0.66

Long Term - (day/month) 0.69 0.63 0.56

Permanent - e.g. ground water (50 years) for PVC-U and PVC-M 0.37 0.28 0.18

Permanent - e.g. ground water (50 Years) for PVC-O 0.44 0.33 0.22

Table 3.11 Temperature / Loading time Correction Factors

The critical collapse pressures for standard PVC-U, PVC-O and PVC-M pipes for a range of operating conditions are shown in the following graphs.

NOTE: Pipe wall thickness has a major influence on the critical buckling pressure. Therefore PVC-O and PVC-M pipes will not have the equivalent resistance to unsupported collapse as PVC-U pipes of the same pressure class.


Design

Unsupported Collapse Pressures for PVC Pipes


Design

Effect of Ovality

Initial Ovality of a pipe will reduce the critical buckling pressure. The reduction can be calculated by multiplying the critical buckling pressure, Pc, by a correction factor, C1 which is calculated as follows:

For an oval pipe with,

where:

dD = the difference between the maximum outside diameter and the mean outside diameter; andD = the mean outside diameter

Values for C1 are summarised in the following table:

Note that these reductions apply to inherent initial ovality as distinct from induced ovality, i.e., where ovality has been induced by some external (constant strain) source, as in deflection induced by soil loadings, the pipe is already in a state of elastic strain, and the resistance to buckling is degraded far less. In this case, the correction factor C2 is used as given in the following table:

Support against buckling is provided by end constraints, fittings or special purpose stiffening rings at intervals around the pipe. Effective support reduces as distance from a stiffened section increases and should be considered zero at a distance of seven diameters.

A buried pipe derives support against buckling from stable soil surround. The effective buckling pressure may be computed from:

Where Et is the soil modulus in MPa. For values of Eo, refer to AS/NZS 2566.1.

As for Pc, Pb should be multiplied by a temperature/loading time factor if required - see table 3.11.

For shallow burial, full support is not developed since buckling can occur by vertical lifting of the soil cover. AS/NZS 2566.1 specifies that for cover heights less than 0.5m, Pc be used to evaluate the potential for buckling. Where cover heights are greater than or equal to 0.5m, the greater of Pc and Pb should be used. In both cases, an appropriate factor of safety needs to be incorporated.

The equations and graphical representations predict actual collapse pressures. Except for the use of a theoretical calculated stiffness based on minimum wall, no factor of safety is incorporated and designers should decide on an appropriate factor based on service conditions, consequences of failure and predictive uncertainty.

AS/NZS 2566.1 specifies a factor of safety of 2.5 unless an alternative is specified by the designer. A lower factor of safety should only be specified where conditions and performance can be predicted with confidence. For example, in a calculation of unsupported buckling of a pipe under vacuum, a factor of 1.5 may be appropriate.

D =3dD 1 - DC1D

, =(1+D)2( (

Diametral Deflection % 0 1 2 5 10

Reduction factor, C1, on Pc 1.0 0.91 0.84 0.64 0.41

Diametral Deflection % 0 1 2 5 10

Reduction factor, C1, on Pc 1.0 0.99 0.97 0.93 0.86

Supported Collapse Pressure

Pb= (SD x 10-3)1/3 x (Et)2/3 x 103 kPa

Factors of Safety


Design

• A PVC-U submarine sewer rising main DN 150 is to be laid across a lake. Inlet and outlet well levels are at lake maximum water level. Internal and external static heads are more or less balanced under steady state conditions. However, negative surging on pump shut down is probable, resulting in up to 10 metres negative head differential. In view of the consequences of failure, a factor of safety of at least 2 is suggested. For short term conditions, a PN 6 pipe has Pc = 14 m and PN 9 Pc = 46 m. Use PN9.

• A DN 300 PVC-U line is laid in saturated clay alongside a tidal estuary at a depth of 4 metres. During con-struction or maintenance, the pipe may be empty. Assuming a saturated soil density of 2000 kg/m3, an external pressure of 80 kPa is developed. This would be considered a permanent condition and a factor of safety of 3 is advisable. PN 9 has Pc = 8 m. Use PN 12.

• PVC-U irrigation pump suction line DN 200 is required to sustain continuous operation at -5 metres. Temperature of the supply can be up to 30 5°C during hot spells.

• Unlike pressure rating where the average temperature is considered, peak conditions are significant for buckling. In this situation PN 9 has Pc = 10 m, giving a factor of safety of 2, which should be adequate.

• A DN 150 PVC-U drainage pipe is to be encased in a concrete column. The maximum pour height

will be 4 metres. A sewer pipe Class SH (PN 6) can sustain 4 metres of con-crete but has no factor of safety. Use Class SEH or PN 9 pressure pipe. Alter-natively, fill the pipe with water during the pour. The net pressure differential is then 60 kPa and a factor of safety of 1.7 is provided on PN 6. Alternatively, pour in two stages, at least one hour apart.

• A DN 150 PN 16 PVC-O 500 pipe is to be installed in an area where the insitu material is sandy clay. The embedment material will be sand and cover height will be 1m. A water ham-mer analysis has shown that accidental event may result in a negative pressure of -9m. Check that in this case there is an adequate factor of safety against buckling. Using AS/NZS 2655.1 and the trench and soil conditions, an Et value of 6.3MPa is derived. From the equa-tion, Pb = 590kPa. There-fore, there is an acceptable factor of safety.

Water hammer is a temporary change in pressure in a pipeline due to a change in the velocity of flow in a pipe with respect to time, e.g. a valve opens or closes or a pump starts or stops. Accidental events such as a pipe block-age can also be a cause. The effects are exacerbated by:

1. fast closing/stopping valves/pumps

2. high water velocities3. air in the line4. poor layout of the pipe

network, positioning of pumps, etc.

Note that water hammer pres-sure may be positive or nega-tive. Both can be detrimental to pipe systems; not only pipes, but pumps, valves and thrust supports can be dam-aged. Negative pressures can cause ‘separation’ (vacuum formation), with very high posi-tive pressures on ‘rejoinder’ (collapse of the vacuum). For these reasons, water hammer should be eliminated as far as possible.

Water hammer pressures can be reduced by:

• Controlling and slowing valve and pump operations

• Reducing velocities by using larger diameter pipes

• Using pipe materials with lower elastic modulus

• Astute layout of network, valves, pumps and air valves

• Fast-acting pressure relief valves, e.g. Neyrtec (Trade mark of Alsthom Interna-tional Pty Ltd

For further information contact Sofraco International Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia)

It is beyond the scope of this manual to give a complete description of water hammer analysis and mitigation. However, it is appropriate to highlight some important aspects related to PVC pipes.

Examples of Class Selection for Buckling

WATER HAMMER


Design

Celerity is the speed (expressed in metres per second) that the pressure waves travel in a closed circuit. This should not be confused with the velocity of the water.

This is a function of the pipe geometry (dimension ratio) and material and may be estimated from:

where: W = density of fluid (water = 1,000) (kg/m3)A = cross-sectional area of the wall of the pipe per unit length (mm2/mm) = wall thickness for plain wall pipesD = mean diameter of the pipe (mm)k = the bulk modulus of the fluid (2150 for water) (MPa)E = the elastic modulus for the pipe (see Table 3.10) (MPa)

The wave celerity induced in PVC pipes are shown in Table 3.12. As PVC has a celerity about one third that of metallic pipes, analyses for metallic pipes should not be used to check PVC classes.

Celerity

=1

+W1a

(103 (m/s)

AED

k

(

PVC Sizes Up To andIncluding DN150

Sizes DN175 andLarger

PN DR a (m/s) DR a (m/s)

4.5 48.9 252 54.7 239

6 36.7 290 41.0 274

9 24.4 351 27.3 333

12 18.3 402 20.5 381

15 14.7 445 16.4 423

16 13.8 458 15.4 436

18 12.2 483 13.7 460

20 11.0 506 12.3 482

For buried pipes, increase the wave celerity (a) by 7%

Table 3.12 Dimension Ratio (DR) and Celerity (a)

PVC-O All sizes

MRS/PN DR a (m/s)

400/12.5 40.0 309

500/16 40.0 309

500/20 32.0 344

PVC-M All sizes

PN DR a (m/s)

6 46.0 252

9 38.9 273

12 29.2 313

15 23.3 348

16 21.9 359

18 19.4 379


Design

The advantage of a low celerity can be demonstrated by Joukowsky’s Law, which gives an estimate for the water hammer pressure rise due to instantaneous valve closure.

P = W a • ∆V (Pa)

where: ∆V= change in flow velocity (m/s)

This equation should NOT be used for design purposes. Water hammer analysis is fairly complex and computer analysis by a competent consultant is recommended wherever it is suspected that water hammer may be significant.

Selection of class should be based on peak operating pressures including water hammer. Control devices may be useful in reduc-ing peak pressures and enable a more economic pipe class to be used.

The response of the pipe to occasional abnormal pressures, for example due to the failure of protective devices, is important.

PVC has a high factor of safety on short term stress effects, and is able to withstand occasional events at higher than normal pressures. This advantage should be considered when deter-mining the validity of basing a design purely on the pressures induced by events that may be rare in the design lifetime, e.g. power failure on a pump.

Pipe Response


Design

An imbalanced thrust is developed by a pipeline at:

Direction changes (> 10°), e.g. tees and bends.Changes in pipeline size at reducers.Pipeline terminations, e.g. at blank ends and valves.

The support system or soil must be capable of sustaining such thrusts.

Pressure thrust results from internal pressure in the line acting on fittings. Veloc-ity thrust results from inertial forces developed by a change in direction of flow. The latter is usually insignificant compared to the former.

The pressure thrust developed for various types of fittings can be calculated as follows:

Blank ends, tees, valves f = AP 10-3

Reducers and tapers f = (A1-A2) P 10-3

Bends f = 2 A P sin(ϕ/2) 10-3

where: f = resultant thrust force (kN)A = area of pipe taken at the OD (mm2)P = design internal pressure (MPa)ϕ= included angle of bend (degrees)

The design pressure used should be the maximum pressure, including water hammer, to be applied to the line. This will usually be the field test pressure.

THRUST SUPPORT

Pressure Thrust

Size Area Bends Tees

DN (mm2) 11 1/4o 22 1/2o 45o 90o Ends

15 363 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.04

20 568 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.06

25 892 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.12 0.09

32 1410 0.03 0.05 0.11 0.20 0.14

40 1840 0.04 0.07 0.14 0.26 0.18

50 2870 0.06 0.11 0.22 0.40 0.28

65 4480 0.09 0.17 0.34 0.62 0.44

80 6240 0.12 0.24 0.47 0.87 0.61

100 10300 0.20 0.39 0.77 1.43 1.01

125 15500 0.30 0.59 1.16 2.15 1.52

150 20200 0.39 0.77 1.52 2.80 1.98

200 40000 0.77 1.53 3.00 5.55 3.92

225 49400 0.95 1.89 3.71 6.85 4.84

250 61900 1.19 2.37 4.65 8.58 6.07

300 78400 1.51 3.00 5.88 10.87 7.69

375 126000 2.42 4.82 9.46 17.47 12.36

Table 3.13 Pressure Thrust at Fittings in kN for each 10 meters Head of Water Series 1 pipe

Size Area Bends Tees

DN (mm2) 11 1/4o 22 1/2o 45o 90o Ends

100 11700 0.23 0.46 0.89 1.65 1.17

150 24800 0.48 0.96 1.89 3.50 2.47

200 42500 0.83 1.65 3.24 5.99 4.24

250 52900 1.04 2.06 4.04 7.47 5.28

300 93700 1.84 3.66 7.17 13.25 9.37

375 142700 2.80 5.57 10.92 20.18 14.27

Series 2 pipe


Design

Applies only at changes in direction of flow:

F = W A V2 • 2 sin(ϕ /2) • 10^-9^ (kN)

where: A = cross sectional area of pipe taken at the inside diameter (mm2)W = density of fluid (water = 1,000) (kg/m3)V = velocity of flow (m/s)

Concrete thrust blocks are usually required to transfer unbal-anced forces in buried pipelines to the surrounding soil. See Installation Guidelines for construction of thrust blocks.

To determine the bearing area of the thrust block required, divide the resultant thrust by the bearing capacity of the soil.

The bearing capacity of the soil is dependent on the mode of failure. For deep situations, compressive characteristics will govern and a guide to the appropriate design bearing loads is given in Table 3.14.

For shallow cover, shearing slip failure can occur and bearing loads are very much reduced. For cover less than 600 mm, or less than three pipe diameters, or if the ground is potentially unstable, e.g. embankment conditions, a complete soil analysis should be carried out.

Slip failure may be avoided by extending the thrust block downwards with reinforcement against bending loads.

Thrust Blocks

Velocity Thrust


Design

Soil description USBR SoilClassification

see ASTM D2478

Soil Bearing Strength (kN/m2)for cover height *h

0.75m 1.0m 1.25m 1.5m

Well graded gravel-sand mixtures, well graded sands, little or no fines

GW,SW 57 76 95 114

Poorly graded gravels and gravel-sand mix-tures, Poorly graded sands, little or no fines

GP,SP 48 64 80 97

Silty gravels, gravel-sand-silt mixtures, silty sands, sand-silt mixtures

GM,SM 48 64 80 96

Clayey gravels, gravel-sand-clay mixtures, Clayey sands, sand-clay mixtures

GC,SC 79 92 105 119

Inorganic clays of low to med plasticity, grav-elly clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays

CL 74 85 95 106

Inorganic silts, very fine sands, rock flour, silty or clayey fine sands

ML 69 81 93 106

Organic clays of medium to high plasticity OH 0 0 0 0

Rock 240 240 240 240

Table 3.14 Safe Compressive Bearing Load

*h = height of soil cover measured from centreline

ExampleThrust block design for a DN100 Tee operating at 120 m head in clayey sand soil, *h=1.0m.

Resultant force = 1.01 x 12 = 12.1 kN (Table 3.13)

Bearing Area = 12.1 / 92 = 0.13 m2 (Table 3.14)

That is, a bearing area 0.25 m high and 0.55 m wide would be suitable.

For resultant upward forces, the mass of the thrust block plus any soil directly above the pipe can be taken as the counterbalancing force, provided the overburden can reasonably be expected to remain there for the life time of the pipeline. It is often better to bury the pipe deeper than to add more concrete to counterbalance an upward thrust.

Vertical Thrusts


Design

All water contains dissolved air. Normally this would be about 2% but it can vary largely depending on temperature and pressure. Air trapped in the line in pockets is continually moving in and out of solution.

Air in the line not only reduces the flow by causing a restric-tion but amplifies the effects of pressure surges. Air valves should be placed in the line at sufficient intervals so that air can be evacuated, or, if the line is drained, air can enter the line.

Air valves should be placed along the pipeline at all high points or significant changes in grade. On long rising grades or flat runs where there are no significant high points or grade changes, air valves should be placed at least every 500 - 1,000 metres at the engineer’s discretion.

Scour valves are located at low points or between valved sections of the pipeline. Their function is to allow periodic flushing of the lines to remove sediment and to allow the line to be drained for maintenance and repair work.

The scour valve should be sized to allow a minimum scour velocity of 0.6 m/s to be achieved in the main pipe. Scour tees over nominal size 100 should be offset tees to

allow the debris to be taken from the invert of the pipe. In the absence of specific design criteria, the following sizes are generally acceptable.

Loads are exerted on buried pipe due to:

• Soil pressures• Traffic loads• Superimposed loadsFor normal water supply systems, laid in accordance with the installation guidelines in the Pressure Pipe Instal-lation section, the minimum depths of burial (cover) stipu-lated in AS 2032 (see Table 4.2) should be observed. Under these conditions and up to a maximum of 6 metres cover, soil and traffic loadings are of little significance and design calculations are not warranted. This applies to all classes of pipe.

For depths shallower than those recommended, traffic loading may be of significance.

At greater depths, soil loadings may control selection of pipe class. In these instances, lighter pipe classes may not be suitable and specific design calculations and/or special construction techniques may be required. Wet trench condi-tions may also require further investigation.

For design purposes, AS/NZS 2566.1 sets out procedures to be adopted.

Special construction tech-niques can involve backfill

stabilisation, load bearing overlay or slab protection.

It should be noted that cover of less than 1.5 diameters may result in flotation of empty pipes under wet conditions. Low covers may also result in pipe “jacking” (lifting at verti-cally deflected joints) when pressurised.

Also see Vinidex Technical Note “Flexible Pipe in Road-ways”.

Under bending stress PVC pipe will bend rather than break. However, the following precautions are very important

1. In below-ground installations, the pipes must have uniform, stable support. (See Installation Section - Below Ground Installation)2. In above-ground installations, proper, correctly spaced supports must be provided. (See Installation Section - Above Ground Installation)3. In above-ground installation, pumps, valves and other heavy appendages must be supported independently.

When installing PVC piping, some changes in the align-ment of the pipe may be achieved without the use of direction-change fittings such as elbows and sweeps. Deflec-tion at rubber ring joints or other mechanical joints and/or controlled longitudinal bending of the pipe, within acceptable limits, can achieve the small direction changes in the pipeline, required to accom-modate natural land gradients or to avoid obstacles.

AIR AND SCOUR VALVES

Air Valves

Size DN Air Valve Sze

Up to 100 25 Single

100 - 200 50 double

200 - 450 80 double

Table 3.15 Recommended Air Valve Size

Scour Valves

Size DN Scour Valve Sze

Up to 100 80

100 - 200 100

200 - 450 150

Table 3.16 Recommended Scour Valve Size

SOIL AND TRAFFIC LOADS

BENDING LOADS

Installing Pipes on a Curve


Design

Joint Deflection

The allowable angular deflec-tion at the pipe joint varies depending on the manufactur-ing tolerances of the spigot and the socket but for design purposes all Vinidex rubber ring joints can be assumed to allow a maximum deflection of 1T. This is approximately equivalent to a 100mm offset for a 6m pipe. In most circum-stances, the required change in direction can be taken up over several pipe lengths, perhaps in combination with pipe bending. Tighter curves can be achieved by cutting pipes to insert more joints, and/or the use of PVC cou-plings that effectively double the deflection available.

Note that this angular deflection is only available when pipes are jointed to the witness marks. If pipes are pushed to the back of the socket, movement of the spigot is restrained and the deflection is severely restricted.

The effective radius of curvature obtainable for various pipe lengths is given in table 3.17

Bending of Pipes

Small diameter PVC pipes are sufficiently flexible to allow some bending of the pipe barrel in order to install on a curve. Deflection through bending is not practicable, due to the large forces required, for pipe sizes above about DN 200 particularly for the higher pressure classes.

The amount of bending that can be applied is limited by the axial flexural stress and strain levels induced in the pipe, which must be acceptable, in combination with other stresses and strains, for long term service. Vinidex recom-mends that for pipe under pressure, the bending radius should not be less than 300 times the diameter.

Pipe lengthm

Approximate offsetmm

Radius of curvaturem

12 200 688

9 150 516

6 100 344

4 70 229

3 50 172

2 35 115

1 20 57

Table 3.17 Effective radius of curvature for 1o deflection at the joint

iPVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation

JOINTING PROCEDURES 2

Cutting 2

Solvent Cement Joints 2

Rubber Ring Joints 7

Use of Other Brand Fittings 10

Jointing Pipes with Couplings 10

Flanged Joints 11

Threaded Joints 11

Compression Joints 11

Connection to Other Materials 11

SERVICE CONNECTIONS 11

Tapping Saddles 11

Live Tapping 12

Dry Tapping 12

Direct Tapping 12

HANDLING AND STORAGE 12

Transportation of PVC Pipes 12

Storage of PVC Pipes 12

BELOW-GROUND INSTALLATION 13

Preparing the Pipes 13

Preparing the Trench 13

PVC Pipes Under Roads 15

Pipeline Buoyancy 15

Expansion and Contraction 15

Electrical Earthing 15

INSTALLING PIPES ON A CURVE 15

Thrust Blocks 17

Pipelines on Steep Slopes 17

Contents

iiPVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation

ContentsABOVE-GROUND INSTALLATION 17

General Considerations 17

Supports 18

TESTING AND COMMISSIONING 20

FLUSHING 20

DETECTING BURIED PIPES 21

Metal Detectable Tapes 21

Trace Wires 21

Audio Detection 21

PROTECTION FROM SOLAR DEGRADATION 21



2PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation

During manufacture pipes are cut to standard length by cut-off saws. These saws have carbide-tipped circular blades which produce a neat cut without burrs.

However, pipes may be cut on site with a variety of cutting tools. These are:

• Proprietary cutting tools - These tools can cut, deburr and chamfer the pipe in one operation. They are the best tools for cutting pipe.

• A portable petrol-driven ‘quick cut saw - This is quick and easy to use . However, care must be taken and some deburring will be required

• Air-driven tools - This produces a neat, clean cut. It does, however require a compressor.

• A hand saw and mitre box - This saw produces a square cut but requires more deburring. It takes comparatively more time and effort and requires a stand.

The use of roller cutters is not recommended.

Vinidex recommends Vinidex solvent cements and priming fluid for use with Vinidex PVC pipes and fittings, thus ensuring a complete qual-ity system. Vinidex premium solvent cements and priming fluid are specially formulated for PVC pipes and fittings and

should not be used with other thermoplastic materials.

The following procedure should be strictly observed for best results. The steps and precautions will allow easy and efficient assembly of joints. Users may refer to AS/NZS 2032 - Installation of UPVC pipe systems, for further guidance.

Incorrect procedure and short cuts will lead to poor quality joints and possible system failure.

Sockets on Vinidex pressure pipes and fittings for solvent cement jointing are tapered, ensuring the right level of interference. This may not apply to all pipes and fittings, particularly from other coun-tries which may have a low interference joint requiring a gap filling solvent cement.

Vinidex offers three types of solvent cements formulated specifically for pressure and non-pressure applications. They are colour coded, along with the primer, in accordance with AS/NZS 3879:

• Type ‘P’ for pressure, including potable water installations, designed to develop high shear strengths with an interfer-ence fit (green solvent, green print & lid)

• Type ‘N’ for non-pressure applications, designed for the higher gap filling properties needed for clearance fits (blue solvent, blue label & lid)

• Type ‘G’” gap filling for parallel or low interference pressure and non pressure joints (clear)

• Priming fluid for use with all solvent cements (red priming fluid, red label & lid)

Always use the correct solvent cement for the application.

Solvent cement jointing is a ‘chemical welding’, not a gluing process. The priming fluid cleans, degreases and removes the glazed surface thus preparing and softening the surface of the pipe so that the solvent cement bonds the PVC. The solvent cement softens, swells and dissolves the spigot and socket sur-faces. These surfaces form a bond into one solid material as they cure.

Note: PVC-O pipes are not suitable for solvent cement jointing.

JOINTINGPROCEDURES

Cutting

Solvent Cement Joints

Solvent Cement Joint Principles


Installation

1 Prepare the pipeBefore jointing, check that the pipe has been cut square and all the burrs are removed from the inside and outside edge. Remove the sharp edge from the outside and inside of the pipe with a deburring tool. Do not create a large chamfer that will trap a pool of solvent cement. Remove all dirt, swarf, and moisture from spigot and socket.

2 Witness mark the pipeIt is essential to be able to determine when the spigot is fully home in the socket. Mark the spigot with a pencil line (‘wit-ness mark’) at a distance equal to the internal depth of the socket. Other marking methods may be used provided that they do not damage or score the pipe.

3 ‘Dry fit’ the joint‘Dry fit’ the spigot into the socket, check the pipe for proper alignment. Any adjustments for the correct fit can be made now, not later. For pressure pipes, the spigot should interfere in the socket before it is fully inserted to the pencil line. Oval-ity in the pipe and socket will automatically be re-rounded in the final solvent cementing process, but heavy-walled pipe may give a false indication of the point of interference. Do not attempt to make a pressure pipe joint that does not have an interference fit. Contact Vinidex if this occurs.

4 Prepare with priming fluidDry, degrease and prime the spigot and socket with a lint-free cloth (natural fibres) dampened with Vinidex priming fluid or the Qwik Prime® applicator.

5 Brush selectionThe brush should be large enough to apply the solvent ce-ment to the joint in a maximum of 30 seconds. Approximately one third the pipe diameter is a good guide. Do not use the brush attached to the lid for pipes over 100mm in diameter. Decanting is not advisable, and excess should never be returned to the can. For large diameter pipes, it may be necessary to decant to an open larger vessel for a large brush to be used, in this case decant for one joint at a time.

Table of recommended brush selection

Diameter of pipemm

Recommended size of brush

mm15, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50

use brush supplied

65, 80 25

100, 125 38

150 50

200 63

225, 250 75

300, 375 100

Procedure


Installation

6 Apply solvent cementUsing a suitably sized brush, apply a thin even coat of solvent cement to the internal surface of the socket first. Solvents will evaporate faster from the exposed spigot than from the socket. Special care should be taken to ensure that excess solvent cement isn’t built up at the back of the socket (pools of solvent will continue to attack the PVC and weaken the pipe). Then apply a heavier, even coat of solvent cement up to the witness mark on the spigot. Ensure the entire surface is covered. A ‘dry’ patch will not develop a proper bond, even if the mating surface is covered. An unlubricated patch may also make it difficult to obtain full insertion.

7 Inserting the spigotMake the joint immediately, in a single movement. Do not stop halfway, since the bond will start to set immediately and it will be almost impossible to insert further. It will aid distribution of the solvent cement to twist the spigot into the socket so that it rotates about a 1/4 turn whilst (not after) inserting, but where this cannot be done, particular attention should be paid to uniform solvent application.

8 Push the spigot homeThe spigot must be fully homed to the full depth of the socket. The final 10% of spigot penetration is vital to the interference fit. Mechanical force will be required for larger joints. Be ready in advance. Pipe pullers are commercially available for this purpose. Polyester pipe slings are very useful for gripping a pipe, in order to apply a winch or lever.

9 Hold the jointHold the joint against movement and rejection of the spigot for a minimum of 30 seconds. Disturbing the joint during this phase will seriously impair the strength of the joint.

10 Wipe off excess solvent cementFor a neat professional joint wipe off excess solvent cement , with a clean rag, immediately from the outside of the joint.

11 Do not disturb the jointOnce the joint is made, do not disturb it for five minutes or rough handle it for at least one hour. Do not fill the pipe with water for at least one hour after making the last joint. Do not pressurise the line until fully cured.

12 Cure the jointThe process of curing, is a function of temperature, humidity and time. Joints cure faster when the humidity is low and the temperature is high. The higher the temperature, the faster the joints will cure. As a guide, at a temperature of 16°C and above, 24 hours should be allowed, at 0°C, 48 hours is necessary.


Installation

Precautions to Achieve an Effective Joint

Make sure that the end of each pipe is square in its socket and in the same alignment and grade as the preceding pipes or fittings.

Create a 0.5mm chamfer, as a sharp edge on the spigot will wipe off the solvent and reduce the interface area. Remove all swarf and burrs so that filings cannot later become dislodged and jam taps and valves.

Do not attempt to joint pipes at an angle. Curved lines should be jointed without stress, and then curved after the joint is cured. Support the spigot clear of the ground when jointing, this will avoid contamination with soil or sand.

An unsatisfactory solvent cement joint cannot be re-executed, nor can previously cemented spigots and sockets be re-used. To affect repairs, cut out the joint and remake or use mechanical repair fittings.

Correct Solvent Quantity

The correct amount of solvent is a uniform self-levelling layer without runs, achieved by experience and judgement. Too much solvent will form pools and continue to attack and weaken the pipe. Too little solvent will require you to brush out excessively, the solvent will quickly evaporate with vigorous brushing.

Take care not to spill solvent cement onto pipes or fittings. Accidental spillage should be wiped off immediately.

Open Time

Vinidex Type P and N solvent cements satisfy the long term pressure test procedure of AS/NZS 3879 requiring an open time of 3 minutes. Open time is the time from the beginning of solvent application until the jointing of the parts.

Important: In the field,allowable open time can vary considerably because weather conditions can influence the drying time of solvent cements. Each joint should be completed immediately.

Adverse Weather

High temperature and air movement will radically increase the loss of solvents, and solvent cement jointing should not be performed when the temperature is more than 35°C. Some form of protection should be provided when jointing in windy and dusty conditions.

When jointing under wet and very cold conditions, make sure that the mating surfaces are dry and free from ice, as moisture may prevent the solvent cement from obtaining its maximum strength.

Storage

Keep the containers stored be-low 30°C. The solvent cement lids should be tightly sealed when not in use to prevent evaporation of the solvent. Do not use solvent cement that has gone cloudy or has started to gel in the can. Do not use solvent cement after the ‘use by’ date shown on the can, the chemical constituents can change over a long period, even in a sealed can.


Installation

Safety

Forced ventilation should be used in confined spaces. Do not bring a naked flame within the vicinity of solvent cement operations. Spillage onto the skin should be washed off im-mediately with soap and water. Should the solvent cement get in the eyes, wash them with clean water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical advice.

Priming Fluid

If poisoning occurs, contact a doctor or Poisons Information Centre.

If swallowed, do not induce vomiting - give a glass of water.

For further safety information, refer to Material Safety Data Sheet available from Vinidex.

Solvent Cement

If poisoning occurs, contact a doctor or Poisons Information Centre.

If swallowed, and more than 15 minutes from a hospital, induce vomiting preferably using Ipecac Syrup APF.

For further safety information, refer to Material Safety Data Sheet available from Vinidex.

Average number of joints per 500ml

The following table provides an indication as to the number of joints that are made per 500ml container of priming fluid and solvent cement.

SizeDN

(mm)

Primingfluid

Solventcement

15 1050 300

20 625 175

25 450 130

32 325 95

40 250 70

50 150 42

65 125 35

80 100 30

100 70 25

125 60 20

150 45 15

200 25 10

225 15 7

250 12 6

300 12 5

375 12 5


Installation

Jointing rings are supplied with the pipe, together with a lubricant suitable for the purpose. Other lubricants may not be suitable for potable water contact and may affect the ring. They should not be substituted without specific knowledge of these effects.

The ring provides a fluid seal in the socket of a pipe or fitting and is compressed when the spigot is passed into the socket. Check the label on the pipe socket. Series 1, Series 2, sewer rings or rings from other manufacturers cannot be interchanged. Sewer rings may contain a root inhibitor and must not be used for potable water lines. These rings can be easily identified by their two coloured dots; pressure rings have only one coloured dot.

Chamfering

Vinidex PVC pipes for rubber ring jointing are supplied with a chamfered end. However, if a pipe which has been cut in the field is to be used for making a rubber ring joint, the spigot end must be chamfered. Special chamfering tools are available for this purpose, but in the absence of this equip-ment a body file can be used provided it does not leave any sharp edges which may cut the rubber ring. Do not make an excessively sharp edge at the rim of the bore and do not chip or break this edge.

Rubber Ring Joints Table 4.1 Rubber Ring Spigot Dimensions

(a) Series 1 - Socketed pipe

SizeDN

(mm)

Approx.length

ofchamfer

Lc(mm)

WitnessmarkLw

(mm)

50 6 76

65 8 82

80 10 86

100 11 97

125 13 109

150 14 116

200 17 140

225 18 150

250 20 176

300 23 187

375 28 212

(b) Series 2 - Socketed pipe

SizeDN

(mm)

Approx.length

ofchamfer

Lc(mm)

WitnessmarkLw

(mm)

100 12 105

150 14 127

200 18 171

225 21 180

250 23 191

300 28 211

375 36 226

When a pipe is cut, a witness mark should be pencilled in. Care should be taken to mark the correct position.

For the correct chamfer lengths and witness mark positions, consult the Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions Table for the relevant pipe type. Where two witness mark positions are given, both should be marked on the pipe and the joint made so that one mark remains visible.


Installation

Procedure

1. Pipes may be jointed out of the trench but it is prefer-able that connections be made in the trench to prevent possible “pulling” of the joint.

2. Clean the socket, espe-cially the ring groove. Do not use rag with lubricant on it.

3. Check that the spigot end, if cut in the field, has a chamfer of approximately 12° to 15°. Insert the rubber ring into the groove with the colour marking on the ring facing outwards. The rubber ring is correctly fitted when the thickest cross section of the ring is positioned towards the outside of the socket and the groove in the rubber ring is positioned inside the socket. Note that large diameter Hydro PVC-M pipes incorporate a Rieber joint with a non remove-able rubber ring that is pre-installed in the factory.

4. Run your finger around the lead-in angle of the rubber ring to check that it is correctly seated, not twisted, and that it is evenly distributed around the ring groove.

5. Clean the spigot end of the pipe as far back as the witness mark.

6. Apply Vinidex jointing lubricant to the spigot end as far back as the witness mark and especially to the chamfered section.

Note: Keep the rubber ring and ring groove free of jointing lubricant until the joint is actually being made.


Installation

7. Align the spigot with the socket and apply a firm, even thrust to push the spigot into the socket. It is possible to joint 100 mm and 150 mm diameter pipes by hand. However, larger diameter pipes such as 200 mm and above may require the use of a bar and timber block as illustrated. Alternatively, a commercially available pipe puller may be used to joint the pipes.8. Brace the socket end of the line so that previously jointed pipes are prevented from closing up9. Inspect each joint to ensure that the witness mark is just visible at the face of each socket.10. Pipe joints must not be pushed home to the bottom of the socket. They must go no further than the witness mark. This is to allow for possible expansion of the pipe. Polydex PVC and cast iron fittings use the same rubber ring as Polydex pipe and jointing procedures are identical. See note p. 4-8211:l2 on other brand fittings.11. If a pipe joint is homed too far, it may be withdrawn immediately, but once the lubricant is dry (which takes only a few minutes in hot weather) mechanical aids are required to pull the joint apart.12. With mechanical assis tance, rubber ring joints can be recovered and re-made years after the original joint was made. New rubber rings should be used and care should be taken to ensure that there is no damage to pipe or socket.

If the joint is likely to be dismantled in the future the task is much easier if silicone lubricant is used.

Hint: If excessive force is required to make a joint, this may mean that the rubber ring has been displaced. To check placement of the ring without having to dismantle the joint, a feeler gauge can be inserted between the socket and pipe to check even placement of the ring.

TYPICAL RING CROSS-SECTION

BAR & BLOCK JOINTING


Installation

Procedure

To simplify the jointing process it is suggested that the initial joint made with the coupling is carried out before the pipe is placed in the trench.

1. Clean the socket of the coupling and spigot of the pipe.

2. Apply Vinidex jointing lubricant to the spigot of the pipe as far back as the witness mark and espe-cially to the chamfered section. Align the spigot with the coupling and apply a firm even thrust to push the spigot into the coupling. For this joint, ensure that the spigot is inserted until the witness mark is no longer visible. It is possible to joint the 150mm pipe by hand. It may be found helpful to brace the coupling against a solid vertical surface.The second joint is made with the coupling of the pipe already in the trench.

3. Use the same technique as before but only insert the spigot into the coupling sufficiently to leave one witness mark visible at the face of the coupling. This is necessary to allow for possible expansion of the pipe after installation.

If a joint is inserted too far, it may be withdrawn immedi-ately, but once the lubricant is dry (which only takes a few minutes in hot weather) mechanical aids are required to pull the joint apart.

Ensure the coupling to be jointed is supported to prevent closing of preceding couplings.

The diagram below indicates the correct pipe positions in the coupling.

Pipeline Fittings

Vinidex Superlink ductile iron fittings have been designed with deep sockets to be suitable for PVC pressure pipes in all situations.

The depth of sockets on pipes and fittings must be sufficient to accommodate the axial movements due to the combined effect of a number of factors, such as thermal contraction and Poisson contraction which occurs when a pipe is pressurised. The Poisson effect is more significant for PVC-M and PVC-O pipes because of their higher operating stress. Vinidex Superlink® ductile iron fittings have socket lengths adequate for all situations and are recommended for use with PVC pipe.

Use of Other Brand Fittings

A variety of other cast/ductile iron, bronze, aluminium, steel ABS and PVC fittings may be used with Vinidex PVC pipes. In most cases the fittings have sockets that are shorter than pipe sockets. When the socket is too short for the spigot to be inserted to the witness mark, the pipe should be fully homed and special precautions should be taken during construction to ensure that no contraction of the pipe will be taken up at these joints, i.e. it should be taken up at other joints.

Jointing Pipes with Couplings


Installation

Flanged Joints

The main functions of a flanged joint is to create a demountable joint, to connect valves and vessels where strength in tension is required, or to joint to other materials.

The three types of flanges available are:

1. Full-faced PVC socketed flanges.

2. PVC socketed stub flanges with loose PVC or metal backing rings.

3. Tapered cores with either metal or PVC flanges.

Flange joints require gaskets to seal them. In high stress situations, metal backing plates or flat washers are also required to spread the force and prevent damage to the flange. Bolts should not be over tightened.Epoxy-coated aluminium or ductile iron flange adaptors are also available.

Threaded Joints

or normal water supply purposes, the cutting of threads on PVC pipes is not an acceptable practice. A moulded threaded adaptor should be used. (See Section 5 for details.)

When making threaded joints the following points should be observed:-

1. A thread sealant is recommended and the only acceptable material is PTFE (TEFLON) tape. Hemp, grease or solvent cement should never be used.

Test the ‘fit’ of the joint, particularly when connecting to other materials or to other manufacturers’ fittings. Judge

the amount of tape accord-ingly. Under no circumstances should the thread bottom against a stop on either the male or female fitting.

2. Hand tighten initially. Usually a further two more turns are sufficient to effect a seal. Tighten only just enough to seal, plus half a turn more.Note. Over tightening will over stress the fitting. Avoid using serrated grip tools particularly on the plain barrel of fittings or pipes.

3. If a threaded connection is made to a metal fitting, it is preferable that the male thread be PVC. For female PVC fittings special care should be taken to avoid overstressing.

GOLDEN RULEDO NOT OVERTIGHTEN

Compression Joints

There are various types of compression joints available for use with PVC pipes. (See Section 5 for details.) In principle all of these effect a seal by mechanical compres-sion of a rubber ring by means of threaded caps or bolted end plates. Because immediate pressurisation is possible such joints are generally preferred for repair work.

They are also used frequently for final connections in difficult situations where slight mis-alignment cannot be avoided.

When making compression joints the manufacturers’ recommendations should be followed. Over-tightening should be avoided. It may be found advantageous to use a lubricant on the rubber ring.

Connection to Other Materials

A wide range of adaptors to joint PVC pipes and fittings to pipes and fittings of other materials is available.

See Product Data section for more details

SERVICE CONNECTIONS

Tapping Saddles

Only tapping saddles complying with AS/NZS 4793 - Mechanical tapping bands for waterworks purposes and designed for use with PVC pipe should be used. These saddles should:

1. Be contoured to fit around the pipe, have an “O” or “V” seal and not have lugs or sharp edges that dig in.

2. Have a positive stop to avoid overtightening of the saddle around the pipe.

Tapping saddles, which employ U-bolt fastenings, are not suitable for PVC pipes. Tapping clamps with full face flat gaskets have no diameter control and the high force required to seal may crush the pipe. Plastic and reinforced plastic units should be used only with specific recommen-dation from the supplier that they have been tested for use with the pipe material.

The maximum hole size that should be drilled in a PVC pipe for tapping purposes is 50 mm, or 1/3 the pipe diameter, whichever is smaller.


Installation

This does not prevent the connection of larger branch lines via tapping saddles, provided the hydraulic loss through the restricted hole size is acceptable.

For larger branches generally, a tee is preferred.

Holes should not be drilled into PVC pipe:

1. Less than 300 mm from a spigot end.

2. Closer than 500 mm to another hole on a common parallel line.

3. Where significant bending stress is applied to the pipe.

Live Tapping

Various tools are available to allow live tapping of a line using a specially adapted tapping band.

The tapping band should be fitted to the pipe and correctly tightened. A specially adapted main cock for live tapping should be fitted to the tapping saddle using PTFE tape and a drilling machine fitted with a “shell” cutter or hole saw. The hole is drilled and the tapping flushed. The hole saw is then withdrawn and the main cock sealed. The tapping machine is removed along with the hole cut-out and the main cock plunger or cap is then fitted.

Dry Tapping

The procedure is the same as above except that the hole can be drilled before the main cock is fitted. It is also possible to dry tap using a twist drill with razor sharp cutting edges ground to an angle of 80°. Removal of the swarf, however, is more difficult and wherever possible the use of a hole saw is recommended.

Note: A spade bit is not suitable for drilling PVC pipes.

Direct Tapping

Vinidex does not recommend direct tapping (threading of the pipe wall) for PVC pressure lines.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

PVC pipe is very robust, but still can be damaged by rough handling. Pipes should not be thrown from trucks or dragged over rough surfaces. Plastic piping becomes more suscep-tible to damage in very cold weather so extra care should be taken when the temperature is low.

Since the soundness of any pipe joint depends on the condition of the spigot and the socket, special care should be taken not to allow them to come into contact with sharp edges or protruding nails.

Transportation of PVC Pipes

While in transit pipes should be well secured and supported. Chains or wire ropes may be used only if suitably padded to protect the pipe from damage. Care should be taken that the pipes are firmly tied so that the sockets cannot rub together.

Pipes may be unloaded from vehicles by rolling them gently down timbers, care being taken to ensure that the pipes do not fall onto one another or onto any hard or uneven surface.

Storage of PVC Pipes

Pipes should be given adequate support at all times. Pipes should be stacked in layers with sockets placed at alternate ends of the stack and with the sockets protruding.

Horizontal supports of about 75 mm wide should be spaced not more than 1.5 m centre-to-centre beneath the pipes to provide even support.

Vertical side supports should also be provided at intervals of 3 m along rectangular pipe stacks.

For long-term storage (longer than 3 months) the maximum free height should not exceed 1.5 m. The heaviest pipes should be on the bottom.

Crated pipes, however, may be stacked higher provided that the load bearing is not taken directly by the lower pipes. In all cases, stacking should be such that pipes will not become distorted.

If it is planned to store pipes in direct sunlight for a period in excess of one year, then the pipes should be covered with material such as hessian, placed so as to not restrict the circulation of air in the pipes which has a cooling effect. Coverings such as black plastic must not be used as these can greatly increase the temperatures within the stack.

Pipes should not be stored close to heat sources or hot objects, eg., heaters, boilers steam lines or engine exhaust, or against reflective metal fences which may concentrate heat.


Installation

BELOW-GROUND INSTALLATION

(See also AS 2032)

Preparing the Pipes

Before installation, each pipe and fitting should be inspected to see that its bore is free from foreign matter and that its outside surface has no large scores or any other damage. Pipe ends should be checked to ensure that the spigots and sockets are free from damage.

Pipes of the required diameter and class should be identified and matched with their respec-tive fittings and placed ready for installation.

Preparing the Trench

PVC pipe is likely to be dam-aged or deformed if its support by the ground on which it is laid is not made as uniform as possible. The trench bot-tom should be examined for irregularities and any hard projections removed.

Trench Widths

A trench should be as narrow as practical but adequate to allow space for working area and for tamping the side support. It should be not less than 200 mm wider than the outside diameter of the pipe irrespective of soil condition.

Wide Trenches

For deep trenches where significant soil loading may occur, the trench should not exceed the widths given in the Table 4.2 without further investigation.

Unstable Conditions

Where a trench, during or after excavation, tends to collapse or cave in, it is considered unstable. If the trench is located, for instance, in a street or a narrow pathway and it is therefore impractical to widen the trench, support should be provided for the trench walls in the form of timber planks or other suitable shoring.

Alternatively the trench should be widened until stability is reached. At this point, a smaller trench may then be excavated in the bottom of the trench to accept the pipe. In either case do not exceed the maximum trench width at the top of the pipe unless allowance has been made for the increased load.

Trench Depths

The recommended minimum trench depth is determined by the loads imposed on the pipe such as the mass of backfill material, the anticipated traffic loads and any other superimposed loads. The depth of the trench should be sufficient to prevent damage to the pipe when the anticipated loads are imposed upon it.

SizeDN

(mm)

Minimum(mm)

Maximum(mm)

100 320 800

125 340 825

150 360 825

200 425 900

225 450 925

250 480 950

300 515 1000

375 600 1200

Table 4.2 Recommended Trench Widths


Installation

The above cover requirements will provide adequate protection for all classes of pipe. Where it is necessary to use lower covers, several options are available.

1. Use a high quality granular backfill, eg crushed gravel or road base. 2. Use a higher class of pipe than required for normal pressure or other considerations. 3. Provide additional structural load bearing bridging over the trench. Temporary steel plates may be used in the case of construction loads.

Bedding Material

Preferred bedding materials are listed in AS 2032 as follows:

1. Suitable sand, free from rock or other hard or sharp objects that would be retained on a 13.2 mm sieve.2. Crushed rock or gravel of approved grading up to a maximum size of 14 mm.3. The excavated material may provide a suitable pipe underlay if it is free from rock or hard matter and broken up so that it contains no soil lumps having any dimension greater than 75 mm which would prevent adequate compaction of the bedding.

The suitability of a material depends on its compactability. Granular materials (gravel or sand) containing little or no fines, or specification graded materials, require little or no compaction, and are preferred.

Sands containing fines, and clays are difficult to compact and should only be used where it can be demonstrated that appropriate compaction can be achieved.

Variations in the hard bed should never exceed 20% of the bedding depth. Absolute minimum underlay should be 75 mm. It may be necessary to provide a groove under each socket to ensure that even support along the pipe barrel is achieved.

Pipe Side Support

Material selected for pipe side support should be adequately tamped in layers of not more than 150 mm. Care should be taken not to damage the exposed pipe and to tamp evenly on either side of the pipe to prevent pipe distortion.

Unless otherwise specified, the pipe side support and pipe overlay material used should be identical with the pipe bedding material.

Pipe Overlay

The pipe overlay material should be levelled and tamped in layers to a minimum height of 150 mm above the crown of the pipe. Care should be taken not to disturb the line or grade of the pipeline, where this is critical, by excessive tamping.

Table 4.3 Minimum Cover

Loading Cover, H (mm)

No vehicle loading 300

Vehicular loading:-

not roadways 450

sealed roadways 600

unsealed roadways 750

Embankments 750

Construction equipment loading 750

Minimum Cover

Trenches should be excavated to allow for the specified depth of bedding, the pipe diameter and the minimum recommended cover, overlay plus backfill, above the pipes. Table 4.3 provides recommendations for minimum cover.


Installation

Backfill

Unless otherwise specified, excavated material from the site should constitute the back-fill.

Gravel and sand can be compacted by vibratory methods and clays by tamping. This is best achieved when the soils are wet. If water flooding is used and extra soil has to be added to the original backfill, this should be done only when the flooded backfill is firm enough to walk on. When flooding the trench, care should be taken not to float the pipe.

PVC Pipes Under Roads

PVC pipes can be installed under roads in either the longitudinal or transverse direction.

The type of rock / granular materials specified for road subgrades have a very high soil modulus and offer excel-lent side support for flexible pipes as well as minimising the effects of dead and live loads. This represents an ideal structural environment for PVC pipes.

Consideration should be given at the time of installation to ensure:

1. Construction loadings are allowed for; 2. The pipes are buried at sufficient depth to ensure they are not disturbed during future realignments or regrading of the road; and 3. Minimum depths of cover and compaction techniques are observed.

See also Vinidex Technical Note - Flexible pipe in road-ways. www.vinidex.com.au

Pipeline Buoyancy

Pipe, under wet conditions, can become buoyant in the trench. PVC pipe, being lighter than most pipe materials, should be covered with sufficient overlay and backfill material to prevent inadvertent flotation and movement. A depth of cover over the pipe of 1.5 times the diameter is usually adequate.

Expansion and Contraction

Pipe will expand or contract if it is installed during very hot or very cold weather, so it is recommended that the final pipe connections be made when the temperature of the pipe has stabilised at a temperature close to that of the backfilled trench.

When the pipe has to be laid in hot weather, precautions should be taken to allow for the contraction of the line which will occur when it cools to its normal working tempera-ture.

For solvent cemented systems, the lines should be free to move until a strong bond has been developed (see Solvent Cement Jointing Procedures) and installation procedure should ensure that contraction does not impose strain on newly made joints.

For rubber ring jointed pipes, if contraction accumulates over several lengths, pull-out of a joint can occur. To avoid this possibility the preferred technique is to back-fill each length, at least partially, as laying proceeds. (It may be required to leave joints ex-posed for test and inspection.)

It should be noted that rubber ring joint design allows for

contraction to occur. Provided joints are made to the witness mark in the first instance, and contraction is taken up approximately evenly at each joint, there is no danger of loss of seal. A gap between witness mark and socket of up to 10 mm after contraction is quite acceptable.

Further contraction may be observed on pressurisation of the line (so-called Poisson contraction due to circum-ferential strain). Again this is anticipated in joint design and is quite in order.

Electrical Earthing

PVC piping is a non-conduc-tive material and cannot be used for earthing electrical installations or for dissipating static charges. Local authori-ties, both water and electrical, should be consulted for their requirements.

INSTALLING PIPES ON A CURVE

When installing pipes on a curve, the pipe should be jointed straight and then laid to the curve. Bending of pipes is achieved in practice after each joint is made, by later-ally loading the pipe by any convenient means, and fixing in place by compacted soil, or appropriate fixings above ground. The technique used depends on the size and class of pipe involved, as clearly the forces required to induce bending vary over a very large range.

For buried lines in good soil, the compaction process can be used to induce bending as illustrated below. Bending aids, crowbars etc. must always be padded to prevent damage to pipes. Permanent point loads are not acceptable.


Installation

Significant bending moments should not be exerted on rubber ring joints, since this introduces undesirable stresses in the spigot and socket that may be detrimental to long term perfor-mance. To avoid this, reaction supports should be placed adjacent to the socket rather than on the sockets. For buried pipes this also allows the joint to be left open for inspection during testing. Because of this restriction, the length available for bending is less than the full length of the pipe. It is also not practicable to maintain a constant radius of curvature by application of point load forces.

The calculations shown in Table 4.4 are derived from beam theory and assume a 5m bending length for calculation of the deflection angle. For other pipe lengths or loading configurations, see the Design Section for the relevant formulae.

Solvent cement jointed pipes may be curved continuously, ie., bending moments may be transmitted across the joints, but bending may be applied only after full curing, 24 hours for pressure and 48 hours for non-pressure joints. For solvent cement jointed pipelines, the angular deflection figures should be increased by 20%

Table 4.4 Maximum deflection angles, centre displacements and end offsets for 6m PVC pressure pipes.

SizeDN

(mm)

Force applied at centre span

Forces applied at quarter points

Max.deflection

angle

Max.displace-

ment

Max.end

offset

Max.deflection

angle

Max.displace-

ment

Max.end

offset

deg mm mm deg mm mm

Minimum radius of curvature/diameter ratio 300

Series 1diameters

15 23 470 1200 34 650 1800

20 18 380 950 27 520 1400

25 14 300 740 21 410 1100

32 11 240 580 17 330 900

40 9.9 210 520 15 290 790

50 7.9 170 410 12 230 630

65 6.3 130 330 9.5 180 500

80 5.4 110 280 8.1 160 420

100 4.2 88 220 6.3 120 330

125 3.4 71 180 5.1 98 270

150 3.0 63 160 4.5 86 240

175 2.4 50 130 3.6 69 190

200 2.1 44 110 3.2 61 170

Series 2diameters

100 3.9 82 200 5.9 110 310

150 2.7 56 140 4.0 78 210

200 2.1 43 110 3.1 59 160

Note: Beam theory is applicable to small deflections and figures for small bore pipes with centreline displacements greater than 5% of span should be treated as very approximate


Installation

Thrust Blocks

Underground PVC pipelines jointed with rubber ring joints require concrete thrust blocks to prevent movement of the pipeline when a pressure load is applied. In some circum-stances, thrust support may also be advisable in solvent cement jointed systems. Uneven thrust will be present at most fittings. The thrust block transfers the load from the fitting, around which it is placed, to the larger bearing surface of the solid trench wall.

Construction of Thrust Blocks

Concrete should be placed around the fitting in a wedge shape with its widest part against the solid trench wall. Some forming may be neces-sary to achieve an adequate bearing area with a minimum of concrete. The concrete mix should be allowed to cure for seven days before pressurisa-tion.

A thrust block should bear firmly against the side of the trench and to achieve this, it may be necessary to hand trim the trench side or hand exca-vate the trench wall to form a recess. The thrust acts through the centre line of the fitting and the thrust block should be constructed symmetrically about this centre line. (See Thrust Support for design of thrust block size.)

PVC pipes and fittings should be covered with a protective membrane of PVC, polyeth-ylene or felt when adjacent to concrete so that they can move without being dam-aged. (See Setting of pipes in concrete)

Pipelines on Steep Slopes

Two problems can occur when pipes are installed on steep slopes, i.e. slopes steeper than 20% (1:5).

1. The pipes may slide downhill so that the witness mark positioning is lost. It may be necessary to support each pipe with some cover during construction to prevent the pipe slipping. 2. The generally coarse backfill around the pipe may be scoured out by water movement in the backfill. Clay stops or sandbags should be placed at appropriate intervals above and below the pipe to stop erosion of the backfill.

Where bulkheads are used, one restraint per pipe length, placed adjacent to the socket, is considered sufficient for all slopes.

ABOVE-GROUND INSTALLATION(See also AS 2032)

General Considerations

In above ground installations, pipes should be laid on broad, smooth bearing surfaces wherever possible to minimise stress concentration and to prevent physical damage.

PVC pipe should not be laid on steam lines or in proxim-ity to other high temperature surfaces.

Where a PVC pressure pipeline is used to supply cold water to a hot water cylinder, the last two metres of pipe should be made of copper and a non-return valve fitted between the PVC and copper line to prevent pipe failure.

Where connections are made to other sections or to fixtures such as pumps or motors, care should be taken to ensure that the sections are axially aligned. Any deviations will result in undue stress on the jointing fittings which could lead to premature failure.

If a pipeline is subjected to continuous vibration such as at the connection with a pump, it should be connected by a flexible joint or, if possible, the system should be redesigned to eliminate the vibration.

The pipe must be adequately supported in order to prevent sagging and excessive distor-tion. Clamp, saddle, angle, spring or other standard types of supports and hangers may be used where necessary. Pipe hangers should not be over-tightened. Metal surfaces should be insulated from the pipe by plastic coating, wrap-ping or other means.


Installation

A build up of static electricity on the outside surface of PVC pipes can occur. Where there is a risk of explosion, such as in some mining applications, safety precautions may be required.

Supports

Brackets and ClipsFor either free or fixed pipeline supports using brackets or clips, the bearing surface should provide continuous support for at least 120° of the circumference.

StrapsMetal straps used as supports should be at least 25 mm wide, either plastic-coated or wrapped in a protective mate-rial such as nylon or PE sheet. If a strap is fastened around a pipe, it should not distort the pipe in any way.

Free SupportsA free support allows the pipe to move without restraint along its axis while still being sup-ported. To prevent the support from scuffing or damaging the pipe as it expands and contracts, a 6 mm thick layer of felt or lagging material is wrapped around the support. Alternatively, a swinging type of support can be used and the support strap, protected with felt or lagging, must be securely fixed to the pipe.

Fixed SupportsA fixed support rigidly con-nects the pipeline to a struc-ture totally restricting move-ment in at least two planes of direction. Such a support can be used to absorb moments and thrusts.

Straps

Placement of SupportsCareful consideration should be given to the layout of piping and its support system. Even for non pressure lines the ef-fects of thermal expansion and contraction have to be taken into account. In particular, the layout should ensure that ther-mal and other movements do not induce significant bending moments at rigid connections to fixed equipment or at bends or tees.

For solvent-cement jointed pipe any expansion coupling must be securely clamped with a fixed support. Other pipe clamps should allow for movement due to expansion and contraction. Rubber-ring jointed pipe should have fixed supports behind each pipe socket.

Setting of Pipes in ConcreteWhen PVC pipes are encased in concrete, certain precautions should be taken:-1. Pipes should be fully wrapped with a compressible material, such as felt, with a minimum thickness of 5% of the pipe diameter, i.e. 5 mm for a 100mm diameter pipe.2. Alternatively, flexible (rubber ring) joints should be provided at entry to and exit from the concrete as shown.

This procedure also allows for possible differential movement between the pipeline and concrete structure. It must be borne in mind, however, that without a compressible membrane; stress transfer to the concrete will occur and may damage the concrete section. 3. Expansion joints coinciding with concrete expansion joints should be provided to accommodate movement due to thermal expansion or contraction in the concrete.

Anchorage at FittingsIt is advisable to rigidly clamp at valves and other fittings located at or near sharp directional changes, particularly when the line is subjected to wide temperature variations.

With the exception of solvent-cement jointed couplings, all PVC fittings should be supported individually and valves should be braced against operating torque.


Installation

Thrust AnchorageA solvent-cement jointed PVC pipeline will not usually require thrust anchorage, but the designer should take into consideration any stress on the fittings. As pipe diameter or working pressure increases it is good practice to install thrust anchors where necessary. A rubber-ring jointed pressure pipeline requires anchorage at all joints, at changes in direction and at other positions where unbalanced pressure forces exist.

Expansion JointsFor above-ground installations with solvent cement joints provision should be made in the pipeline for expansion and contraction. If the ends are constrained and there is likely to be significant thermal variation, then a rubber ring joint should be installed at least every 12 m to allow for movement within the pipeline.

Support SpacingThe spacing of supports for a PVC pipeline depends on factors such as the diameter of the pipe, the density of the fluid being conveyed and the maximum temperature likely to be reached by the pipe material.

Table 4.5 from AS 2032, shows the support spacing in metres for PVC pipe carrying water at 20°C. These spacings do not allow for additional extraneous loadings. These spacings are also acceptable for PVC-O and PVC-M pipes. However, for the same class of pipes, PVC-O and PVC-M will show increased deflection between the supports. Since deflections are very small, this increase will not usually be of functional significance.

If temperatures are in excess of 20°C the horizontal spacing should be reduced by 25% for every 10°C above 20°C. At 60°C, continuous horizontal support is required.

Vertical InstallationGenerally, vertical runs are supported by spring hangers and guided with rings or long U-bolts which restrict movement of the rise to one plane. It is sometimes helpful to support a long riser with a saddle at the bottom.

Where a PVC pipeline is to pass through or is to be built into a floor or wall of a build-ing, allowance should be made for it to move without shearing against any hard surfaces or without causing damage to the pipe or fittings.

An annular space of not less than 6 mm should be left around the pipe or fitting. This clearance should be maintained and sealed with a flexible sealant such as loosely packed felt, a rubber convolute sleeve or other suitable flexible sealing material.

If the pipeline has to pass through a fire-rated wall, appropriate fire stop collars should be installed.

When a fire breaks out, the fire stop collar will expand and seal off the pipe, thus prevent-ing fire from spreading by means of the pipe access hole. Because fire stop collars seal off the pipe they must not be used on the water supply lines required for fire fighting.

SizeDN

(mm)

Maximum SupportSpacing

Horizontal(m)

Vertical(m)

15 0.60 1.20

20 0.70 1.40

25 0.75 1.50

32 0.85 1.70

40 0.90 1.80

50 1.05 2.10

65 1.20 2.40

80 1.35 2.70

100 1.50 3.00

125 1.70 3.40

150 2.00 4.00

175 2.20 4.40

200 2.30 4.60

225 2.50 5.00

250 2.60 5.20

300 3.00 6.00

Table 4.5 Recommended Maximum Spacing of Supports for all Classes of Pipe for Water


Installation

Protection from Solar DegradationAlthough PVC pipe can be installed in direct sunlight, it will be affected by ultra-violet light which tends to discolour the pipe and can cause a loss of impact strength. No other properties are impaired. If the pipe is to be installed in continuous direct sunlight, it is advisable to paint the exterior with a white or light-coloured PVA paint.

TESTING AND COMMISSIONING

The pipeline may be tested as a whole or in sections, depending on the diameter and length of the pipe, the spacing between sectioning valves or blank ends and the availability of water.

Pipelines should be bedded and backfilled, but with the joints left uncovered for inspection before and after testing if possible.

All thrust supports for fit-tings and valves must be finished and the concrete properly cured (the minimum time is seven days). Blank ends installed temporarily should be adequately supported to take the pressure thrust.

Fill the pipeline with water and remove air from the system as far as possible. Allow the temperature to stabilise. Pressurise the system. Selection of field test pressures is related to the system operat-ing conditions. A maximum test pressure of 1.25 times the system design pressure, mea-sured at the lowest point in the system, is specified although the test pressure should not exceed 1.25 times the PN of the lowest rated component in the system. Additional water will be required to bring the

line up to pressure because the pipe expands slightly.

AS 2032 recommends that the pressurised pipe should be al-lowed to stand for a minimum period of 15 minutes without make up pressure. Where the joints are available for inspec-tion, and there is no evidence of leaks after 15 minutes, the pipeline is deemed to have passed the test.

Where joints are not acces-sible, measure the amount of water required to re-pressurise the section. Where the make-up water does not exceed the allowance in the equation 4.1 below, the pipeline is deemed to have passed the test. The make-up water is not a leakage allowance. It is normal for a pressure drop to occur as the remaining air goes into solution and some further expansion of the pipe occurs.

Q =0.14 LDH (4.1)

Where:Q = allowable make-up water (l/h)

L = length of the test section (km)

D = nominal diameter of the pipe (m)

H = average test head over the test length (m)

This simple test above should suffice if the pipe is well sup-ported by soil. If however, the allowable make up water level is exceeded, it does not neces-sarily mean that the pipeline has a leak. Viscoelastic creep of the pipe can give result in a drop in pressure even if there is no leak, particularly for higher strain pipes such as PVC-M and PVC-O if the soil compac-tion levels are not high. In this situation, further testing will be required to verify the leak

tightness of the test section. This testing is based on the known relationship between creep strain and time.

Re-pressurise the pipe and maintain the pressure for 5 hours by successively pumping in sufficient water at the same temperature (±3°C) as the water in the pipeline. Measure and record the volume (V1) of water required between the second and third hour. Mea-sure and record the volume (V2) of water required between the fourth and fifth hour. The pipeline is deemed to have passed the test if the following equation is satisfied:

V2 =0.55 V1 + Q (4.2)

Where Q is the allowable make-up water from (4.1)It should be borne in mind that static pressure testing does not necessarily simulate pressures developed under operating conditions, and in order to obtain adequate testing of all parts of the line it may be desirable to divide it into sections.

FLUSHING

Following successful testing, the line should be thoroughly flushed and dosed with a sterilising agent such as chlorine. Local authority requirements should be followed.


Installation

DETECTING BURIED PIPES

Because PVC is a non-magnetic and non-conductive material, direct location by magnetic and electronic means is not possible. Several techniques are appropriate.

Metal Detectable TapesThe use of metal detectable tapes is now common. These offer the dual facility of a colour-coded early warning visual marker during excava-tion and traceability of the pipe when the precise location is not known.

The tape is placed on top of the pipe surround material and can later be located by using simple metal detectors operat-ing in the 4 - 20 MHz range at depths ranging to 450 - 600 mm depending on equipment.

Trace WiresTrace wires are useful where pipes are buried significantly deeper. The trace wire is usu-ally laid under the pipe, to avoid damage, and when a suppressed current is applied it can be detected at depths up to 3 metres using commercially available inductive detectors.

Suitable trace wires are the vinyl-coated single copper wire conductors for convey-ance of an electric current. Disadvantages of the system are that both ends of the wire have to be accessed to apply the current, and if the wire is broken the system cannot be used.

Audio DetectionSeveral excellent audio leak detectors are now available. One type requires an acoustic signal to be introduced to the pipe at some convenient location, e.g. a hydrant. A tuned detector is then used to locate the pipeline. These units are still effective with high background noise levels.

A second type picks up the sound of turbulence from flowing water in the pipe. This must be done in the absence of extraneous background noise, particularly traffic sounds. Skilled operators can also pinpoint the location of fittings. The equipment can also be used for detecting underground leaks.

iPVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data

PRODUCT DATA PIPE 2

PIPE DIMENSION & WEIGHTS 3

AS 1477 Series 1 (including Polydex) 4

AS/NZS 1477 Series 2 - Vinyl Iron 5

Supermain Product List 6

AS 4765 Series 1 Hydro PVC-M pipe 8

AS 4765 Series 2 Hydro PVC-M pipe 9

JOINT ASSEMBLY AND CONTROL DIMENSIONS 10

Solvent Cement Joint 10

Polydex Series 1 PVC-U Rubber Ring Joint 12

Vinyl Iron Series 2 PVC-U Rubber Ring Joint 14

Hydro Series 1 PVC-M Rubber Ring Joint 15

Hydro Series 2 PVC-M Rubber Ring Joint 17

Supermain Series 1 PVC-O Rubber Ring Joint 19

Supermain Series 2 PVC-O Rubber Ring Joint 20

JOINTING MATERIALS 21

Priming Fluid 21

Solvent Cement 21

Jointing Lubricant 21

Rubber Rings 22

PRODUCT DATA - FITTINGS 23

Solvent Cement Fittings 23

Polydex Fittings 41

Ductile Iron Fittings 53

Tapping Bands 72

Hydrants and Valves 73

Ancilliary Products 81

Contents




Product Data

PRODUCT DATA PIPE

A wide range of standard PVC pressure pipes are manufactured by Vinidex to suit the variety of applications. For large projects, it is also possible to manufacture custom-designed pipes, for example for specific ratings or lengths.

Full details of dimensions of all sizes, classes and joint types are given in the following tables. Toleranced dimensions are shown for key dimensions subject to quality control. Other dimensions, and those shown as “nominal”, are provided for information only.

DiametersDiameters of PVC pipes are referenced by their “Nominal Size” or simply “Size” (symbol DN, in accordance with international practice), which represents the approximate diameter in millimetres. Actual external and internal di¬ameters are given in the standard dimension tables.

Two standard diameter ranges are manufactured:

1. Series 1: Metric pipe sizes which are compatible with International Standards Organisation (ISO) R161 in sizes DN 125 and larger. Colour: white2. Series 2 : has diameters compatible with Ductile Iron (Dl) pipes in sizes DN 100 and larger. Colour: blue or purple for recycled water pipes.

Wall ThicknessesWall thickness of PVC pipes are referenced by their “Pres-sure Class” or PN designation. Within each diameter series a number of standard Classes are available. In general, pipes within a particular class are characterised by a constant “dimension ratio” (mean diameter/wall thickness), for all sizes, in accordance with the design rules specified in the above Standards. For further information and guidance in selection of size and class, please refer to our Design Guidelines.

LengthsThe standard effective length of all pipes is six metres, with one end socketed (belled) for jointing purposes. Other lengths, up to 12m may also be available in some products. Plain-ended pipes for jointing with couplings are also used.

JointsAS/NZS 1477 Series 1 PVC pipes and VINIDEX-HYDRO® Series 1 PVC-M pipes employ two jointing systems:

Solvent Cement JointA chemically “welded” joint with capability of supporting axial thrust. Available in sizes to DN 300, but especially suited to smaller diameter above ground systems.

Rubber Ring JointA rubber ring joint system providing a flexible joint with capability of axial and angular movement. Simple, error-free installation makes this joint suited to larger diameter underground work.Sizes DN 50 and larger.

AS/NZS 1477 Series 2 VINYL IRON® pipes, AS/NZS 4441 PVC-O Supermain® Series 1 and Series 2 pipes and Series 2 Vinidex Hydro® PVC-M pipes, employ rubber ring joints only.


Product Data

SizeDN

MeanODDm

ClassPN

Mean Bore

Di

Mean WallTp

Length(m)

Mass(kg/lgth)

Product Code SCJ

Product Code

Polydex

15 21.35 15 18.3 1.55 6 0.8 - -

18 17.8 1.8 6 0.9 13510 -

20 26.75 12 23.7 1.55 6 1 13520 -

15 23 1.9 6 1.3 13540 -

18 22.4 2.2 6 1.5 13550 -

25 33.55 9 30.5 1.55 6 1.3 13560 -

12 29.8 1.9 6 1.6 13570 -

15 29 2.3 6 2 - -

18 28.1 2.75 6 2.3 13590 -

32 42.25 9 38.5 1.9 6 2 13600 -

12 37.5 2.4 6 2.6 13610 -

15 36.4 2.95 6 3.1 13630 -

18 35.4 3.45 6 3.7 13640 -

40 48.25 6 45.2 1.55 6 1.9 13650 -

9 44.1 2.1 6 2.6 13660 -

12 42.8 2.75 6 3.4 13680 -

15 41.6 3.35 6 4 - -

18 40.5 3.9 6 4.8 13700 -

50 60.35 6 56.8 1.8 6 2.8 13710 -

9 55.2 2.6 6 4.2 13720 16010

12 53.7 3.35 6 5.3 13740 16020

15 52.2 4.1 6 6.4 - -

18 50.5 4.95 6 7.6 13760 -

†65 75.35 4.5 72 1.7 6 4 - -

6 71 2.2 6 4.3 14500 -

9 68.9 3.25 6 6.4 14510 16060

12 67 4.2 6 8.2 14520 16070

15 65.1 5.15 6 10.5 - -

18 63.2 6.1 6 12.8 14530 -

80 88.9 4.5 84.9 2 6 4.6 14540 -

6 83.7 2.6 6 6.1 14550 16100

9 81.3 3.8 6 8.8 14560 16110

12 79 4.95 6 11.5 14570 16120

15 76.7 6.1 6 13.9 - 16130

18 74.6 7.15 6 16.2 14590 -

100 114.3 4.5 109.3 2.5 6 7.5 14600 -

6 107.8 3.25 6 10 14610 16150

9 104.6 4.85 6 14.7 14620 16160

12 101.7 6.3 6 20 14630 16170

15 98.8 7.75 6 23 - 16180

18 96 9.15 6 27 14650 16190

†125 140.2 4.5 134.1 3.05 6 11.3 14660 -

6 132.2 4 6 15.1 14670 16200

9 128.4 5.9 6 22.3 14680 16210

12 124.9 7.65 6 28.5 14690 16220

15 121.3 9.45 6 20.5 - -

18 117.7 11.25 6 44.6 - -

PIPE DIMENSION & WEIGHTS

AS 1477 Series 1 SCJ and Polydex RRJ PVC-U pipe

For availability of all products in this Table, please contact your nearest Vinidex office, particularlyproducts marked †


Product Data

SizeDN

Mean ODDm

ClassPN

Mean Bore

Di

Mean WallTp

Length(m)

Mass(kg/lgth)

Product Code SCJ

Product Code

Polydex

150 160.25 4.5 153.4 3.45 6 15 14710 16250

6 151.3 4.5 6 20 14720 16260

9 146.9 6.7 6 29 14730 16270

12 142.7 8.8 6 38 14740 16280

15 138.7 10.8 6 46 - 16290

18 134.7 12.8 6 58 14760 16300

155 168.25 4.5 161.3 3.5 6 16 - -

6 158.7 4.8 6 22 - -

9 154.2 7.05 6 31 - -

12 149.9 9.2 6 40 - -

15 145.6 11.35 6 48 - -

18 141.4 13 45 6 60 - -

175 200.25 4.5 192.5 3.9 6 22 - -

6 190.1 5.1 6 29 - -

9 185.2 7.55 6 42 - -

12 180.6 9.85 6 55 - -

15 176 12.15 6 67 - -

18 171.5 14.4 6 78 - -

195 219.1 4.5 209.7 4.7 6 29 - -

6 206.7 6.2 6 38 14794 -

9 200.8 9.15 6 56 14796 -

12 195.2 11.95 6 72 14798 -

15 189.5 14.8 6 92 - -

18 184.2 17.45 6 112 - -

†200 225.3 4.5 216.7 4.3 6 26 - 16320

6 213.8 5.75 6 35 14830 16330

9 208.5 8.4 6 51 14840 16340

12 203.1 11.1 6 67 14850 16350

15 198 13.65 6 81 - -

18 192.9 16.2 6 95 - 16370

†225 250.35 4.5 240.8 4.8 6 33 - 16380

6 237.7 6.35 6 44 14890 16390

9 231.7 9.35 6 63 14900 16400

12 225.8 12.3 6 82 14910 16410

15 220 15.2 6 101 - -

18 214.4 18 6 118 - -

†250 280.4 4.5 269.7 5.35 6 41 - 16440

6 266.2 7.1 6 55 - 16450

9 259.4 10.5 6 80 - 16460

12 252.9 13.75 6 104 - 16470

15 246.4 17 6 127 - -

18 240.1 20.15 6 149 - -

PIPE DIMENSIONS (cont...)

AS 1477 Series 1 (including Polydex) - 6 metre lengths (cont …)


+ Obsolete


Product Data

SizeDN

MeanODDm

ClassPN

Mean Bore

Di

Mean WallTp

Length(m)

Mass(kg/lgth)

Product Code SCJ

Product Code

Polydex

†300 315.45 4.5 303.4 6.05 6 53 - 16500

6 299.5 8 6 69 - 16510

9 292 11.75 6 101 15010 16520

12 284.5 15.5 6 133 15020 16530

15 277.3 19.1 6 161 - -

18 270 2 22 65 6 190 0 - -

†375 400.5 4.5 385.2 7.65 6 86 - 16540

6 380.3 10.1 6 113 - 16550

9 370.7 14.9 6 166 - 16560

12 361.2 19.65 6 216 - -

15 352 24.25 6 264 - -

18 343 28.75 6 310 - -

PIPE DIMENSIONS (cont...)

AS 1477 Series 1 (including Polydex) - 6 metre lengths (cont …)


PIPE DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTSAS/NZS 1477 Series 2 - Vinyl Iron - 6 metre lengths

Size DNMeanODDm

ClassPN

Mean Bore

Di

Mean Wall Tp

Length (m)

Mass (kg/lgth)

Product Code

100 121.9 12 108.5 6.7 6 22.5 17260

16 104.3 8.8 6 29.1 17270

18 102.4 9.75 6 32.2 17280

20 100.3 10.8 6 35.1 17290

150 177.4 12 157.9 9.75 6 47.8 17300

16 152 12.7 6 61.5 17310

18 149.1 14.15 6 67.8 17320

20 146.1 15.65 6 74.1 17330

†200 232.2 12 209.3 11.45 6 74.1 17340

16 202.2 15 6 95.3 17342

225 259.25 12 233.7 12.8 6 92.4 17390

16 225.7 16.8 6 119.4 17393

250 286.7 12 258.1 14.05 6 112.2 17350

16 249.2 18.5 6 144.9 17354

300 345.35 12 311.4 17 6 163.5 17360

16 300.9 22.25 6 210.3 17364

375 426.2 12 384.4 20.9 6 247.8 17379

16 371.2 27.5 6 321 17382



Product Data

Supermain® Product List• Note that some sizes may not be available from all Vinidex locations. Please check availability

with your nearest Vinidex office.• Supermain® pipes are supplied in standard 6 metre effective lengths.• The product description includes the material classification and pipe colour. eg; SUPER-

MAIN355W refers to PVC-O material MRS 355 and colour white.• The pipe colours are; W=white, B=blue, P=purple, C=cream, G=grey

Supermain® PVC-O International Series Pipe

• International Series pipes are designated by Outside Diameter (OD) in accordance with ISO convention. These pipes have the characters “iso” printed after the pipe diameter in the product description. • The equivalent Nominal Bore (Series 1) dimension is shown in the table below for reference only.

Diameter PN ProductCode Product Description Nominal Bore comment

DN160 10 17535 160iso PN10 SUPERMAIN355W 6M 150 mm available

DN225 10 17534 225iso PN10 SUPERMAIN355W 6M 200 mm not available




DN160 12.5 17528 160iso PN12.5 SUPERMAIN450W 6M 150 mm available

DN225 12.5 17529 225iso PN12.5 SUPERMAIN450W 6M 200 mm not available




Super i Rubber Rings to suit Supermain® International Series Pipe

Diameter Product code Description Comment

DN160 83311 160iso/150S1 SUPERi DH RR SBR dual hardness





For availability of all products in this Table, please contact your nearest Vinidex office.



Product Data

Supermain® PVC-O Series 2 Pipe

Diameter PN ProductCode Product Description application/colour Stiffness

DN100 12.5 17220 100 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400B 6M potable water / Blue

DN100 16 17221 100 PN16 SUPERMAIN500B 6M potable water / Blue

DN100 16 17222 100 PN16 SUPERMAIN500P 6M recycled water / Purple

DN100 16 17491 100 PN16 SUPERMAIN450B 6M potable water / Blue SN10

DN100 16 17236 100 PN16 SUPERMAIN500G 6M / Grey

DN100 12.5 17497 100 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400C 6M pressure sewer / Cream

DN100 16 17496 100 PN16 SUPERMAIN500C 6M pressure sewer / Cream

DN100 16 17495 100 PN16 SUPERMAIN450C 6M pressure sewer / Cream SN10



DN150 12.5 17229 150 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400P 6M recycled water / Purple



DN150 16 17489 150 PN16 SUPERMAIN450P 6M recycled water / Purple SN10

DN150 12.5 17228 150 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400G 6M / Grey









DN200 20 17490 200 PN20 SUPERMAIN500C 6M pressure sewer / Cream SN11





DN225 12.5 17251 225 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400G 6M / Grey















Product Data

Vinyl Iron Rubber Rings to suit Supermain® Series 2 Pipe

Diameter Product code Description Comment

DN100 83291 100 VINYL IRON S2 DH RR SBR dual hardness

DN150 83296 150 VINYL IRON S2 DH RR SBR dual hardness

DN200 83300 200 VINYL IRON S2 RR SBR




AS 4765 Series 1 Hydro® PVC-M pipe


Size DNMean OD Dm

ClassPN

Mean Bore

Di

Mean Wall Tp

Length (m)

Mass (kg/lgth)

Product Code SCJ

Product Code RRJ

100 114.3 6 108.4 3 6 17025

9 107.5 3.4 6 10 17040 17035

12 105.6 4.4 6 13 17050 17045

15 103.6 5.4 6

18 101.7 6.3 6

†125 140.2 6 133.2 3.5 6 17055

9 131.9 4.2 6 14 17060

12 129.5 5.4 6 19 17065

15 127.2 6.5 6

18 124.8 7.7 6

150 160.25 6 152.4 4 6 17070

9 150.9 4.7 6 19 17085 17080

12 148.4 6 6 24 17095 17090

15 145.6 7.35 6

18 142.8 8.8 6

†200 225.3 6 214.4 5.5 6 17100

9 212.5 6.4 6 38 17115 17110

12 208.6 8.4 6 48 17125 17120

15 204.8 10.3 6

18 200.9 12.2 6

†225 250.35 6 238.2 6.1 6 17130

9 236.3 7.1 6 48 17135

12 232 9.2 6 60 17140

15 227.7 11.4 6

18 223.4 13.5 6

†250 280.4 6 267 6.7 6 50 17145

9 264.6 7.9 6 57 17150

12 259.9 10.3 6 74 17155

15 254.9 12.8 6

18 250.4 15 6


Product Data

AS 4765 Series 1 Hydro PVC-M pipe (cont …)

Size DNMean OD Dm

ClassPN

Mean Bore

Di

Mean Wall Tp

Length (m)

Mass (kg/lgth)

Product Code SCJ

Product Code RRJ

†300 315.45 6 300.5 7.5 6 62 17160

9 298 8.8 6 73 17165

12 292.4 11.6 6 93 17170

15 287 14.3 6

18 282 17 6

375 400.5 6 381.5 9.5 6 101 17175

9 378.2 11.2 6 115 17180

12 371.4 14.6 6 157 17185

15 364.4 18.1 6

18 357.8 21.4 6

450 500.5 6 476.9 11.8 6 153 17171

9 472.9 13.8 6 179 17172

12 464.3 18.1 6 234 17173

15 455.4 22.6 6

18 447.3 26.6 6

500 560.5 6 534.2 13.2 6 201 17415

9 529.6 15.5 6 235 17416

12 520 20.3 6 308 14717

575 630.5 6 601.1 14.7 6 252 17418

9 596 17.3 6 295 17419

12 585 22.8 6 388 17420


AS 4765 Series 2 Hydro® PVC-M pipeSizeDN

Mean ODDm

ClassPN

Mean Bore

Di

Mean WallTp

Length(m)

Mass(kg/lgth)

Product Code

100 121.9 12 112.5 4.7 6 15 17181

16 109.7 6.1 6 19 17182

18 108.6 6.7 6 21 17183

20 107.2 7.3 6 23 17184

150 177.4 12 164.2 6.6 6 30 17185

16 610.1 8.7 6 39 17186

18 158.2 9.6 6 44 17187

20 156.2 10.6 6 48 17188

†200 232.2 12 215.2 8.6 6 52 17189

16 209.8 11.3 6 66 17190

225 259.25 16 234.2 12.6 6 82 17194

250 286.7 12 265.2 10.5 6 79 17197

16 258.8 13.7 6 100 17198

300 345.35 12 320.1 12.7 6 116 17201

16 312.4 16.5 6 145 17202

375 426.2 9 402.6 11.8 6 130 17206

12 395.1 15.6 6 170 17207

16 386.4 19.9 6 222 17208

450 507 6 483.2 11.9 6 162 17411

9 479.1 14 6 190 17412

12 470.3 18.4 6 249 17413

16 458.7 24.2 6 325 17414



Product Data

JOINT ASSEMBLY AND CONTROL DIMENSIONS

Solvent Cement Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions

Not all sizes and classes are available in all states. Consult your local Vinidex office.

DN PN Dm Min Dm Max Dr Nom Dm Nom Ds Nom Ls Nom

15 15 21.2 21.5 21 21.7 24.5 38

18 “ “ “ “ 24.9 “

20 12 26.6 26.9 26.4 27.2 29.9 38

15 “ “ ‘’ “ 30.6 “

18 “ “ “ “ 31.1 “

25 9 33.4 33.7 33.2 34 36.7 38

12 “ “ “ “ 37.4 “

15 “ “ “ “ 38.1 “

18 “ “ “ “ 38.9 “

32 9 42.1 42.4 41.9 42.7 46 38

12 “ “ “ “ 46.9 “

15 “ “ “ “ 47.9 “

18 “ “ “ “ 48.8 “

40 6 48.1 48.4 47.9 48.7 51.4 51

9 “ “ “ “ 52.4 “

12 “ “ ‘’ “ 53.6 “

15 “ “ “ “ 54.7 “

18 “ “ “ “ 55.7 “

50 6 60.2 60.5 60 60.8 64 64

9 “ “ “ “ 65.4 “

12 “ “ “ “ 66.8 “

15 “ “ “ “ 68.2 “

18 “ “ “ “ 69.6 “

65 6 75.2 75.5 75 75.8 79.7 64

9 “ “ “ “ 81.6 “

12 “ “ “ “ 83.3 “

15 “ “ “ “ 85 “

18 “ “ “ “ 86.7 “

80 4.5 88.7 89.1 88.5 89.4 92.9 76

6 “ “ “ ‘’ 94 “

9 “ “ “ “ 96.2 “

12 “ “ “ “ 98.2 “

15 “ “ “ “ 100.3 “

18 “ “ “ “ 102.2 “

For Internal diameter, Di and pipe wall thickness, Tp, refer to the relevant tables for PVC-U or Hydro PVC-M pipe. Socket wall thickness Ts is not less than 90% Tp.


Product Data

DN PN Dm Min Dm Max Dr Nom Dm Nom Ds Nom Ls Nom

100 4.5 114.1 114.5 113.7 115 119.4 102

6 “ “ “ “ 120.8 “

9 “ “ “ “ 123.7 “

12 “ “ “ “ 126.3 “

15 “ “ “ “ 128.9 “

18 “ “ “ “ 131.4 “

125 4.5 140 140.4 139.6 140.9 146.3 127

6 “ “ “ “ 148.1 “

9 “ “ “ “ 151.5 “

12 “ “ “ “ 154.7 “

15 “ “ “ “ 157.9 “

18 “ “ “ “ 161.1 “

150 4.5 160 160.5 159.6 161 167.2 127

6 “ “ “ “ 169.1 “

9 “ “ “ “ 173 “

12 “ “ “ “ 176.8 “

15 “ “ “ “ 180.4 “

18 “ “ “ “ 184 “

200 4.5 225 225.6 224.5 226.1 233.9 152

6 “ “ “ “ 236.4 “

9 “ “ “ “ 241.3 “

12 “ “ “ “ 246.1 “

15 “ “ “ “ 250.7 “

18 “ “ “ “ 255.2 “

225 4.5 250 250.7 249.4 251.3 260 178

6 “ “ “ “ 262.8 “

9 “ “ “ “ 268.2 “

12 “ “ “ “ 273.5 “

15 “ “ “ “ 278.6 “

18 “ “ “ “ 283.7 “

250 4.5 280 280.8 279.4 281.6 291.2 203

6 “ “ “ “ 294.4 “

9 “ “ “ “ 300.4 “

12 “ “ “ “ 306.3 “

15 “ “ “ “ 312.1 “

18 “ “ “ “ 317.8 “

300 4.5 315 315.9 314.3 316.7 327.6 254

6 “ “ “ “ 331.1 “

9 “ “ “ “ 337.8 “

12 “ “ “ “ 344.6 “

15 “ “ “ “ 351 “

18 “ “ “ “ 357.5 “

375 4.5 400 401 399.1 401.9 415.7 330

6 “ “ “ “ 420.1 “

9 “ “ “ “ 428.7 “

12 “ “ “ “ 437.3 “

15 “ “ “ “ 443.9 “

18 “ “ “ “ 451.9 “

Solvent Cement Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions (Cont....)


Product Data

Polydex AS 1477 Series 1 PVC-U Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control DimensionsNot all sizes and classes are available in all states. Consult your local Vinidex office.

Note: The mean diameter is the mean of any two diameters at right angles. Pipe ovality is controlled at the time of manufacture within limits specified in AS/NZS 1477. Ovality measurements in the field may vary from those limits.

DN PN Dm Min

Dm Max

Di Nom Dso Nom Dro

NomTp Min

Tp Max

Ts Min

Tr Min

L1 Nom

L2 Nom

L3 Nom

L4 Nom

Lc Nom

Lw Nom

50 6 60.2 60.5 56.8 65.1 78.5 1.6 2 1.7 1.6 8 50 25 96 6 81

9 “ “ 55.2 67 80.1 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.4 11 “ “ “ “ “

12 “ “ 53.7 68.9 81.8 3.1 3.6 3.5 3.1 14 “ “ “ “ “

15 “ “ 52.2 71.1 83.4 3.8 4.4 4.5 3.8 17 “ “ “ “ “

18 “ “ 50.5 73.2 85.1 4.6 5.3 5.5 4.6 21 “ “ “ “ “

65 6 75.2 75.5 71 81.1 95.6 2 2.4 2.1 2 10 51 27 101 8 88

9 “ “ 68.9 83.7 97.7 3 3.5 3.3 3 14 “ “ “ “ “

12 “ “ 67 86.1 99.6 3.9 4.5 4.4 3.9 18 “ “ “ “ “

15 “ “ 65.1 88.6 101.5 4.8 5.5 5.6 4.8 22 “ “ “ “ “

18 “ “ 63.2 91.2 103.4 5.7 6.5 6.8 5.7 25 “ “ “ “ “

80 6 88.7 89.1 83.7 95.5 110.7 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.4 12 52 30 106 10 95

9 “ “ 81.3 98.3 113.1 3.5 4.1 3.8 3.5 16 “ “ “ “ “

12 “ “ 79 101.3 115.6 4.6 5.3 5.2 4.6 21 “ “ “ “ “

15 “ “ 76.7 104.3 118 5.7 6.5 6.6 5.7 25 “ “ “ “ “

18 “ “ 74.6 107.3 120.1 6.7 7.6 8 6.7 29 “ “ “ “ “

100 6 114.1 114.5 107.8 122.8 138.9 3 3.5 3.3 3 15 58 33 117 13 106

9 ‘’ “ 104.6 126.5 142.1 4.5 5.2 5 4.5 21 “ “ “ “ “

12 “ “ 101.7 130.1 145.1 5.9 6.7 6.7 5.9 26 “ “ “ “ “

15 “ “ 98.8 134 148.1 7.3 8.2 8.5 7.3 32 “ “ “ “ “

18 “ “ 96 137.8 151.1 8.6 9.7 10.3 8.6 37 “ “ “ “ “

125 6 140 140.4 132.2 150.3 170.2 3.7 4.3 4 3.7 22 63 37 133 13 125

9 “ “ 128.4 154.8 173.9 5.5 6.3 6 5.5 29 “ “ “ “ “

12 “ “ 124.9 159.3 177.6 7.2 8.1 8.1 7.2 36 “ “ “ “ “

15 “ “ 121.3 164 181.3 8.9 10 10.3 8.9 43 “ “ “ “ “

18 “ “ 117.7 169.6 184.9 10.6 11.9 13 10.6 50 “ “ “ “ “

150 4.5 160 160.5 153.4 169.3 187.5 3.2 3.7 3.4 3.2 16 63 40 134 14 123

6 “ “ 151.3 171.9 189.6 4.2 4.8 4.6 4.2 21 “ “ “ “ “

9 ‘’ “ 146.9 176.8 194.1 6.3 7.1 6.9 6.3 29 “ “ “ “ “

12 “ “ 142.7 182.2 198.4 8.3 9.3 9.4 8.3 36 “ “ “ “ “

15 ‘’ “ 138.7 187.6 202.5 10.2 11.4 11.9 10.2 44 “ “ “ “ “

18 “ “ 134.7 193.2 206.5 12.1 13.5 14.5 12.1 52 “ “ “ “ “

200 4.5 225 225.6 216.7 235.8 258.5 4 4.6 4.3 4 23 66 47 152 20 144

6 ‘’ “ 213.8 238.7 261.3 5.4 6.1 5.7 5.4 29 “ “ “ “ “

9 “ “ 208.5 244.6 266.3 7.9 8.9 8.7 7.9 40 “ “ “ “ “

12 “ “ 203.1 250.6 271.5 10.5 11.7 11.7 10.5 50 “ “ “ “ “

15 “ “ 198 256.8 276.3 12.9 14.4 14.8 12.9 61 “ “ “ “ “

18 “ “ 192.9 263.2 281.1 15.3 17.1 18 15.3 72 “ “ “ “ “


Product Data

DN PN Dm Min

Dm Max

Di Nom Dso Nom Dro

NomTp Min

Tp Max

Ts Min

Tr Min

L1 Nom

L2 Nom

L3 Nom

L4 Nom

Lc Nom

Lw Nom

225 4.5 250 250.7 240.8 262.2 282.7 4.5 5.1 4.8 4.5 26 80 50 170 22 154

6 “ “ 237.7 265.4 285.7 6 6.7 6.4 6 32 “ “ “ “ “

9 “ “ 231.7 272 291.3 8.8 9.9 9.6 8.8 45 “ “ “ “ “

12 “ “ 225.8 278.7 296.9 11.6 13 13 11.6 57 “ “ “ “ “

15 ‘’ “ 220 285.6 302.5 14.4 16 16.5 14.4 69 “ “ “ “ “

18 “ “ 214.4 292.7 307.7 17 19 20 17 82 “ “ “ “ “

250 4.5 280 280.8 269.7 293.3 326.2 5 5.7 5.3 5 29 69 55 175 25 164

6 “ “ 266.2 296.9 329.6 6.7 7.5 7.1 6.7 37 “ “ “ “ “

9 “ “ 259.4 304.3 336 9.9 11.1 10.8 9.9 51 “ “ “ “ “

12 “ “ 252.9 311.8 342.2 13 14.5 14.5 13 64 “ “ “ “ “

15 “ “ 246.4 319.5 348.4 16.1 17.9 18.4 16.1 78 “ “ “ “ “

18 “ “ 240.1 327.4 354.4 19.1 21.2 22.4 19.1 92 “ “ “ “ “

300 4.5 315 315.9 303.4 331 369.4 5.7 6.4 6 5.7 33 80 60 190 28 174

6 “ “ 299.5 335.1 373 7.5 8.5 8 7.5 42 “ “ “ “ “

9 “ “ 292 343.3 380.2 11.1 12.4 12.2 11.1 57 “ “ “ “ “

12 “ “ 284.5 351.8 387.4 14.7 16.3 16.4 14.7 73 “ “ “ “ “

15 “ “ 277.3 360.5 394.2 18.1 20.1 20.8 18.1 88 “ “ “ “ “

18 “ “ 270.2 369.5 401 21.5 23.8 25.2 21.5 104 “ “ “ “ “

*375 4.5 400 401 385.2 418.1 461.3 7.2 8.1 7.6 7.2 42 82 80 205 28 206

6 “ “ 380.3 423.3 465.9 9 5 10.7 10.1 9.5 52 “ “ “ “ “

9 “ “ 370.7 433.7 475.1 14.1 15.7 15.4 14.1 72 “ “ “ “ “

12 “ “ 361.2 444.4 484.1 18.6 20.7 20.7 18.6 92 “ “ “ “ “

Polydex AS 1477 Series 1 PVC-U Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions (Cont...)

*Deflection joint: 2.5 degrees lateral deflection capability.


Product Data

Vinyl Iron AS 1477 Series 2 PVC-U Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control DimensionsNot all sizes and classes are available in all states. Consult your local Vinidex office.


DN PN De Min

De Max

Di Nom Dso Nom Dro

NomTp Min

Tp Max

Ts Min

Tr Min

L1 Nom

L2 Nom

L3 Nom

L4 Nom

Lc Nom

Lw Nom

100 12 121.7 122.1 108.5 136.4 154.7 6.3 7.1 6.7 6.3 27 40 40 103 12 105

16 “ “ 104.3 141 158.7 8.3 9.3 9 8.3 35 “ “ “ “ “

18 “ “ 102.4 143.2 160.5 9.2 10.3 10.1 9.2 38 “ “ “ “ “

20 “ “ 100.3 145.4 162.5 10.2 11.4 11.2 10.2 42 “ “ “ “ “

150 12 177.1 177.6 157.9 198.2 219.3 9.2 10.3 9.7 9.2 39 47 49 124 13 127

16 “ “ 152 204.8 224.9 12 13.4 13 12 50 “ “ “ “ “

18 “ “ 149.1 208.2 227.7 13.4 14.9 14.7 13.4 55 “ “ “ “ “

20 “ “ 146.1 211.6 230.5 14.8 16.5 16.4 14.8 61 “ “ “ “ “

200 12 231.9 232.5 209.3 257 287.3 10.8 12.1 11.4 13 52 91 62 188 21 171

16 “ “ 202.2 264.6 294.1 14.2 15 8 15.2 17 6 63 “ “ “ “ “

225 12 258.9 259.6 233.7 286.7 317.8 12.1 13.5 12.7 12.1 62 85 65 187 24 180

16 “ “ 225.7 295.3 325.4 15.9 17.7 17 15.9 74 “ “ “ “ “

250 12 285.8 286.6 258.1 316.6 350 13.3 14.8 14.4 13.3 62 97 71 208 27 191

16 “ “ 249.2 326 358.2 17.5 19.5 18.8 17.5 76 “ “ “ “ “

300 12 344.9 345.8 311.4 382.1 421.3 16.1 17.9 17 16.1 76 77 82 206 32 211

16 “ “ 300.9 393.5 431.3 21.1 23.4 22.7 21.1 92 “ “ “ “ “

375 6 425.7 426.7 404.6 450 492 10.2 11.4 10.4 10.2 66 97 84 229 38 226

9 “ “ 394.3 460.6 501.8 15.1 16.8 15.7 15.1 82 “ “

12 “ “ 384.4 471 511.2 19.8 22 20.9 19.8 97 “ “

16 “ “ 371.2 485.2 523.8 26.1 28.9 28 26.1 118 “ “


Product Data

Hydro® AS 4765 Series 1 PVC-M Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control DimensionsNot all sizes and classes are available in all states. Consult your local Vinidex office.

Note: The mean diameter is the mean of any two diameters at right angles. Pipe ovality is controlled at the time of manufacture within limits specified in AS/NZS 1477. Ovality measurements in the field may vary from those limits.For Internal diameter, Di, refer to the relevant tables for Series 1 Hydro PVC-M Pipe

DN PN Dm Min

Dm Max

Dso Nom

Dro Nom TpMin Tp

MaxTs

MinTr

MinL4

NomLc

NomLw

Nom

100 6 114.1 114.5 120.3 136.5 2.5 3.4 2.6 2.5 117 13 95

9 ‘’ “ 121.2 137.3 2.9 3.9 3.1 2.9 “ “ “

12 “ “ 123.2 139.1 3.8 4.9 4.1 3.8 “ “ “

15 “ “ 125.3 140.9 4.7 6 5.2 4.7 “ “ “

18 “ “ 127.5 142.7 5.6 7 6.3 5.6 “ “ “

125 6 140 140.4 148.6 167 3 4 3.2 3 133 13 107

9 “ “ 149.9 168.2 3.6 4.7 3.9 3.6 “ “ “

12 “ “ 152.4 170.4 4.7 6 5.1 4.7 “ “ “

15 “ “ 155 172.6 5.8 7.2 6.4 5.8 “ “ “

18 “ “ 157.7 174.8 6.9 8.5 7.8 6.9 “ “ “

150 6 160 160.5 168.4 186.6 3.4 4.5 3.6 3.4 134 14 114

9 ‘’ “ 169.9 188 4.1 5.3 4.4 4.1 “ “ “

12 “ “ 172.8 190.4 5.3 6.6 5.7 5.3 “ “ “

15 ‘’ “ 175.7 193 6.6 8.1 7.2 6.6 “ “ “

18 “ “ 178.9 195.8 11.1 13.3 12.4 11.1 “ “ “

200 6 225 225.6 236.6 258.8 4.8 6.1 5 4.8 152 20 138

9 “ “ 238.6 260.8 5.7 7.1 6 5.7 “ “ “

12 “ “ 242.7 264.2 7.5 9.2 8.1 7.5 “ “ “

15 “ “ 246.9 267.8 9.3 11.2 10.2 9.3 “ “ “

18 “ “ 251.3 271.4 11.1 13.3 12.4 11.1 “ “ “

225 6 250 250.7 263.3 283 5.4 6.8 5.7 5.4 170 22 148

9 “ “ 265.3 284.8 6.3 7.8 6.7 6.3 “ “ “

12 “ “ 269.8 288.8 8.3 10.1 9 8.3 “ “ “

15 ‘’ “ 274.5 292.8 10.3 12.4 11.3 10.3 “ “ “

18 “ “ 279.4 296.8 12.3 14.7 13.7 12.3 “ “ “

250 6 280 280.8 295.4 326.7 6 7.4 6.3 6 175 25 174

9 “ “ 297 328.9 7.1 8.7 7.5 7.1 “ “ “

12 “ “ 302 333.3 9.3 11.2 10 9.3 “ “ “

15 “ “ 307.6 338.1 11.6 13.9 12.9 11.6 “ “ “

18 “ “ 312.5 342.1 13.7 16.3 15.3 13.7 “ “ “

300 6 315 315.9 332.1 367.4 6.7 8.3 7.1 6.7 190 28 185

9 “ “ 334.8 369.8 7.9 9.6 8.4 7.9 “ “ “

12 “ “ 340.7 375 10.5 12.6 11.4 10.5 “ “ “

15 “ “ 346.6 380 13 15.5 14.3 13 “ “ “

18 “ “ 352.7 385 15.5 18.4 17.4 15.5 “ “ “


Product Data

Hydro AS 4765 Series 1 PVC-M Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions (Cont...)

DN PN Dm Min

Dm Max

Dso Nom

Dro Nom TpMin Tp

MaxTs

MinTr

MinL4

NomLc

NomLw

Nom

*375 6 400 401 420.1 462.3 8.6 10.4 9.3 8.6 205 28 206

9 “ “ 423.4 465.3 10.1 12.2 11 10.1 “ “ “

12 “ “ 430.6 471.7 13.3 15.8 14.8 13.3 “ “ “

15 “ “ 438.1 478.1 16.5 19.6 18.7 16.5 “ “ “

18 “ “ 445.7 484.3 19.6 23.1 22.5 19.6 “ “ “

*Deflection joint: 2.5° lateral deflection capability

DN PN Dm Min

Dm Max

Dso Nom

Dro Nom TpMin Tp

MaxTs

MinL4

NomLc

NomLw

Nom

450 6 500 501 524 - 10.7 12.9 11.2 283 35 255

9 “ “ 528.2 - 12.6 15 13.3 “ 43 “

12 “ “ 537.3 - 16.6 19.6 17.8 “ 43 “

15 “ “ 546.6 - 20.6 24.5 22.5 “ 43 “

500 6 560 561 586 - 12 14.3 12.6 293 37 266

9 “ “ 590 - 14.1 16.8 14.9 “ 44 “

12 “ “ 600 - 18.6 21.9 19.9 “ 44 “

575 6 630 631 659 - 13.4 16 14 317 42 288

9 “ “ 664 - 15.8 18.7 16.7 “ 53 “

12 “ “ 675 - 20.9 24.6 22.4 “ 53 “

Rieber Joints


Product Data

Hydro® AS 4765 Series 2 PVC-M Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control DimensionsNot all sizes and classes are available in all states. Consult your local Vinidex office.

Note: The mean diameter is the mean of any two diameters at right angles. Pipe ovality is controlled at the time of manufacture within limits specified in AS/NZS 1477. Ovality measurements in the field may vary from those limits.For Internal diameter, Di, refer to the relevant tables for Series 2 Hydro PVC-M Pipe

Parallel Sockets

DN PN De Min

De Max

Dso Nom

Dro Nom TpMin Tp

MaxTs

MinTr

MinL4

NomLc

NomLw

Nom

100 12 121.7 122.1 131.5 148.9 4.1 5.3 4.4 4.1 101 12 103

16 “ “ 134.5 152.4 5.4 6.6 6 5.4 “ “ “

150 12 177.1 177.6 191 212.1 5.9 7.3 6.4 5.9 122 15 125

16 “ “ 195.5 215.9 7.8 9.5 8.6 7.8 “ “ “

200 12 231.9 232.5 250 280.4 7.7 9.4 8.3 7.7 195 21 169

16 “ “ 255.9 285.4 10.2 12.3 11.3 10.2 “ “ “

225 6 258.9 259.6 272.3 303.9 5.6 7 5.9 5.6 184 16 178

9 “ “ 274.3 305.7 6.5 8 6.9 6.5 21 “

12 “ “ 279 309.9 8.6 10.4 9.3 8.6 21 “

16 “ “ 285.7 315.5 11.4 13.7 12.6 11.4 “ 21 “

250 6 285.8 286.6 300.4 334.6 6.1 7.6 6.4 6.1 205 17 189

9 “ “ 302.9 336.8 7.2 8.8 7.6 7.2 “ 23 “

12 “ “ 308.1 341.4 9.5 11.5 10.2 9.5 23 “

16 “ “ 315.2 347.4 12.5 14.9 13.8 12.5 23 “

300 6 344.9 345.8 362.8 402.8 7.4 9.1 7.8 7.4 204 22 209

9 “ “ 365.6 405.4 8.7 10.6 9.2 8.7 “ 28 “

12 “ “ 372 411 11.5 13.8 12.4 11.5 28 “

16 “ “ 380.5 418.2 15.1 17.9 16.7 15.1 28 “

375 6 425.7 426.7 447.4 488.7 9.1 11 9.6 9.1 226 27 224

9 “ “ 451 491.9 10.7 12.9 11.3 10.7 36 “

12 “ “ 458.7 498.7 14.2 16.9 15.2 14.2 36 “

16 “ “ 469.6 507.9 18.7 21.1 20.6 18.7 36 “

450* 12 506.5 507.5 544 - 16.8 19.9 18 289 44 260

16 “ “ 556 - 22.2 26.1 24.4 “ 44 “

*Rieber Joint


Product Data

Deflection sockets

DN PN De Min

De Max

Angle(°)

Dso Nom

Dro Nom

Tp Min

Tp Max

Tr Min

L4 Nom

Lc Nom

Lw Nom

100 12 121.7 122.1 5 131.5 148.9 4.1 5.3 4.1 101 12 103

16 “ “ “ 134.5 152.4 5.4 6.6 5.4 “ “ “

150 12 177.1 177.6 3.5 191 212.1 5.9 7.3 5.9 115 15 130

16 “ “ “ 195.5 215.9 7.8 9.5 7.8 “ “ “

200 12 231.9 232.5 3.43 250 280.4 7.7 9.4 7.7 219 19 176

16 “ “ “ 255.9 285.4 10.2 12.3 10.2 “ “ “

225 6 258.9 259.6 3.5 272.3 303.9 5.6 7 5.6 211 17 186

9 “ “ “ 274.3 305.7 6.5 8 6.5 “ 21 “

12 “ “ “ 279 309.9 8.6 10.4 8.6 “ 21 “

16 “ “ “ 285.7 315.5 11.4 13.7 11.4 “ 21 “

250 6 285.8 286.6 3.5 300.4 334.6 6.1 7.6 6.1 196 17 198

9 “ “ “ 302.9 336.8 7.2 8.8 7.2 “ 23 “

12 “ “ “ 308.1 341.4 9.5 11.5 9.5 “ 23 “

16 “ “ “ 315.2 347.4 12.5 14.9 12.5 “ 23 “

300 6 344.9 345.8 4 362.8 402.8 7.4 9.1 7.4 239 22 221

9 “ “ “ 365.6 405.4 8.7 10.6 8.7 “ 28 “

12 “ “ “ 372 411 11.5 13.8 11.5 “ 28 “

16 “ “ “ 380.5 418.2 15.1 17.9 15.1 “ 28 “

375 6 425.7 426.7 3 447.4 488.7 9.1 11 9.1 246 29 237

9 “ “ “ 451 491.9 10.7 12.9 10.7 “ 36 “

12 “ “ “ 458.7 498.7 14.2 16.9 14.2 “ 36 “

16 “ “ “ 469.6 507.9 18.7 21.1 18.7 “ 36 “

Hydro® AS 4765 Series 2 PVC-M Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions (Cont...)


Product Data

Supermain® AS 4441 Series 1 PVC-O Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control DimensionsNot all sizes and classes are available in all states. Consult your local Vinidex office.


Supermain® Series 1 International Series PVC-O 355

DN PN De Min

De Max

Di Nom

Dso Nom

Dro Nom

TpMin

TpMax

Ts Min

Tr Min

L1 Nom

L2 Nom

L3 Nom

L4 Nom

Lc Nom

Lw Nom

160 10 160 160.5 152.7 168.7 193 3.5 4.1 3.7 3.5 16 88.5 56 156 8 128

225 10 225 225.7 214.7 237.4 264.5 5 5.7 5.3 5 23 89 65 167 12 156

250 10 250 250.8 238.6 263.9 293.6 5.5 6.3 5.9 5.5 26 90 69 173 13 166

280 10 280 280.9 267.2 295.5 327.1 6.2 7.1 6.6 6.2 29 91 77 183 15 183

315 10 315 316 300.8 332.2 365.1 6.9 7.8 7.3 6.9 32 94 82 192 17 198

Supermain® Series 1 International Series PVC-O 450

DN PN De Min

De Max

Di Nom

Dso Nom

Dro Nom

Tp-Min

Tp-Max

Ts Min

Tr Min

L1 Nom

L2 Nom

L3 Nom

L4 Nom

Lc Nom

Lw Nom

160 12.5 160 160.5 152.7 168.7 193 3.5 4.1 3.7 3.5 16 88.5 56 156 8 128

225 12.5 225 225.7 214.7 237.4 264.5 5 5.7 5.3 5 23 89 65 167 12 156

250 12.5 250 250.8 238.6 263.9 293.6 5.5 6.3 5.9 5.5 26 90 69 173 13 166

280 12.5 280 280.9 267.2 295.5 327.1 6.2 7.1 6.6 6.2 29 91 77 183 15 183

315 12.5 315 316 300.8 332.2 365.1 6.9 7.8 7.3 6.9 32 94 82 192 17 198


Product Data

Supermain® AS 4441 Series 2 PVC-O Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions

Not all sizes and classes are available in all states. Consult your local Vinidex office.


Supermain® Series 2 PVC-O 400


DN PN De Min

De Max

Di Nom

Dso Nom

Dro Nom

Tp Min

Tp Max

Ts Min

Tr Min

L2 Nom

L3 Nom

L4 Nom

Lc Nom

Lw Nom

100 12.5 121.7 122.1 115.4 129 147.6 3 3.5 3.2 3 79.9 38 140 9 128

150 12.5 177.1 177.6 167.9 187.6 209.1 4.4 5.1 4.7 4.1 76.4 47 151 14 144

200 12.5 231.9 232.5 220.1 245.5 276.2 5.7 6.5 6 5.7 76.3 60 171 15 168

225 12.5 258.9 259.6 245.6 274 305.5 6.4 7.3 6.8 6.4 78.3 63 178 16 178

250 12.5 285.8 286.6 271.4 302.4 336.4 7 7.9 7.4 7 78.1 68 186 17 189

300 12.5 344.9 345.8 327.4 365.2 405 8.5 9.6 9 8.5 74.1 80 201 21 201

DN PN De Min

De Max

Di Nom

Dso Nom

Dro Nom

Tp Min

Tp Max

Ts Min

Tr Min

L2 Nom

L3 Nom

L4 Nom

Lc Nom

Lw Nom

100 16 121.7 122.1 114.5 129.9 148.4 3.4 4 3.6 3.4 79.9 38 140 9 128

150 16 177.1 177.6 166.9 188.7 210.1 4.9 5.6 5.2 4.9 76.4 47 151 14 144

200 16 231.9 232.5 218.6 247 277.6 6.4 7.3 6.8 7.4 76.3 60 171 15 168

225 16 258.9 259.6 244.1 275.6 306.9 7.1 8.1 7.6 7.1 78.3 63 178 16 178

250 16 285.8 286.6 269.5 304.4 338.2 7.9 8.9 8.4 7.9 78.1 68 186 17 189

300 16 344.9 345.8 325.3 367.4 407 11.7 13.1 12.5 11.7 74.1 80 201 21 201


DN PN De Min

De Max

Di Nom

Dso Nom

Dro Nom

Tp Min

Tp Max

Ts Min

Tr Min

L2 Nom

L3 Nom

L4 Nom

Lc Nom

Lw Nom

100 16 121.7 122.1 122.1 129 147.6 3 3.5 3.2 3 79.9 38 140 9 128

150 16 177.1 177.6 177.6 187.6 209.1 4.4 5.1 4.7 4.1 76.4 47 151 14 144

200 16 231.9 232.5 232.5 245.5 276.2 5.7 6.5 6 5.7 76.3 60 171 15 168

225 16 258.9 259.6 259.6 274 305.5 6.4 7.3 6.8 6.4 78.3 63 178 16 178

250 16 285.8 286.6 286.6 302.4 336.4 7 7.9 7.4 7 78.1 68 186 17 189

300 16 344.9 345.8 345.8 365.2 405 8.5 9.6 9 8.5 74.1 80 201 21 201


Product Data

Vinidex Priming Fluid is specially formulated for cleaning Vinidex PVC solvent-cement spigots and sockets prior to jointing. The fluid is applied with a cloth to both the spigots and the sockets. Vinidex Priming fluid is colour coded red and is manufactured in accordance with AS/NZS 3879

Note: Other priming fluids may not be compatible with Vinidex Solvent Cements and should not be substituted.

Vinidex Solvent Cements are available in different formulations depending on the application applications. These are colour coded in accordance with AS/NZS 3879 and identified as follows:

1. Type P - for pressure pipe joints with a tapered or interference fit is colour coded green

2. Type G - gap filling for parallel or low interference pressure and non pressure joints is clear

3. Type N - for non pressure applications is colour coded blue.

JOINTING MATERIALS

Priming Fluid

Solvent Cement

This lubricant is a specially formulated organic preparation enabling easy jointing of rubber ring joint pressure pipe and is supplied with pipes and fittings as standard procedure. The use of petroleum based greases or other substitutes may affect the ring or potability of the water supply and cannot berecommended.

This lubricant dries after a short period of time and the joint cannot be easily dismantled. For situations where it may be necessary to dismantle the rubber ring joint after assembly, the use of silicone-based jointing lubricant is recommended. Where it is necessary to joint in wet conditions, it may also be advantageous to use silicone lubricant.

If dismantled, joints should be fitted with new rings.

Product Code Size Carton

Quantity

82341 250ml 36

83242 500ml 20

82343 1 litre 6

82344 4 litre 4

82345 20 litre 1

Vinidex Priming Fluid - Red

Qwik-Prime® Priming Fluid and Applicator SystemProduct

Code Description Size Carton Quantity

82347 Priming Fluid

500ml 24

82346 Applicator 20

Vinidex Type P Solvent Cement - Green


Quantity

82420 125ml 36

82422 250ml 36

82424 500ml 20

82426 1 litre 12

82428 4 litre 4

Vinidex Type G Gap Filling Solvent Cement


Quantity

30432 1 litre 8

Jointing Lubricant


Quantity

82350 500ml 24

82360 1 litre 12

82370 2 litres 6

Vinidex Standard Lubricant

Vinidex Antibacterial LubricantProduct

Code Size Carton Quantity

82393 500ml 36

82395 1 litre 24


Product Data

The approximate number of joints that may be primed or jointed with one litre is as follows:

Priming Fluid SolventCement and Jointing Lubricant Coverage

SizeDN

Priming Fluid

Solvent Cement

Jointing Lubricant

15 2100 600

20 1250 350

25 900 260

32 650 190

40 500 140

50 300 85 170

65 250 70 150

80 200 60 120

100 140 50 100

125 120 40 75

150 90 30 60

155 85 25 60

195 60 17 50

200 50 25 50

225 30 15 45

250 25 13 40

300 25 10 30

375 17 10 25

Rubber Rings Rings marked with two coloured dots are sewer rings containing a chemical root inhibitor. They may also vary dimensionally from pressure rings and should not be interchanged. Each ring has a painted mark on its front edge. This mark must face out of the socket when the ring is inserted.

Two general types of sealing ring are employed for Vinidex rubber ring jointed pressure pipe, the Modified Anger/ Polydex ring and the deflection ring for later design joints incorporating deflection capability.

These have the shapes shown to the right.

Rubber rings are manufactured and tested in accordance with AS 1646 “Elastomeric Seals for Waterworks Purposes”.

Depending on the particular specification, the rubber used is either natural rubber (white dot), Styrene Butadiene rubber (SBR) (blue dot) or Polychloroprene (Neoprene) (red dot). Unless otherwise specified, natural rubber will be supplied for pressure pipe.


Product Data

PRODUCT DATA - FITTINGS

Fittings in the Vinidex Solvent Cement Pressure range are manufactured in compliance with Australian Standard AS/NZS 1477, to pressure class PN 18 rating. Certain exceptions apply, as noted for individual fittings. In particular, some fittings are sourced internationally; in general the following specifications apply:

Solvent Cement Fittings

Size DN Manufacturing Standard PN

15 to 150 AS/NZS 1477 18

200 ISO draft & DIN 8063 9

155 (6”) BS 4346 9

All dimensions in the following tables are in millimeters.

Standard Spigot and Socket Dimensions*Spigot Socket

SizeDN

Minimum Wall Thicknesstp

Nom Outside Diameter

De

Spigot Length

Lsp

Nom Mouth Diameter

Di

Nom Root Diameter

Dr

Min Socket Length

Lso

15 1.6 21.4 25.4 21.7 21 17

20 2 26.8 25.4 27.1 26.3 19.3

25 2.5 33.6 26.6 34 33.1 22

32 3.2 42.3 31.8 42.6 41.7 27

40 3.6 48.3 34.9 48.7 47.7 30

50 4.5 60.4 38.1 60.8 59.7 36

80 6.7 88.9 51.5 89.6 88.1 50

100 8.6 114.3 63.5 115 113.3 60

125 10.6 140.2 - 141 139.1 83

150 12.1 160.3 90 161 159 87

200 12.5 225 119 226 225 118.5

155 (6”) 12.7 168.3 91.5 169.1 167 89

195 (8”) 10.3 219.1 - 219.6 218.9 115.5

*Note: Spigoted fittings are designed for use only with other moulded sockets and NOT with pipe sockets. Moulded fitting sockets are shorter than pipe sockets. Although their OD’s are stated here, spigots have a marginal outside taper to facilitate manufacture. Note, spigot length may vary.


Product Data

CAT 2 Valve Take Off Adaptors

The spigot end of this fitting is solvent cement jointed to the socket of another fitting. The tapered male threaded end provides a connection for PVC, brass or galvanised wrought iron threaded valve-type fittings.

Note: These fittings should not be jointed to solvent cement pipe sockets. Care should be taken not to overtighten. Refer to our Installation Guidelines for procedures.

Product Code

Size DNSP x TH C S H L

33890 15x15 15.4 18 7 51.4

33900 20x15 15.4 18 7 51.4

33910 20x20 20.1 19.5 7 52.9

33920 25x15 15.4 16.9 6.7 51.2

33930 25x20 20.1 19.5 6.8 53.9

33940 25x25 25.2 39.2 7.8 57.5

33950 32x15 15.4 16.9 6.7 56.4

33960 32x20 20.1 19.5 6.8 59.1

33970 32x25 25.2 22.1 7 61.9

33980 32x32 32.5 25.5 8 66.3

34000 40x20 20.1 19.5 6.8 62.2

34010 40x25 25.2 22.1 7.8 65.8

34020 40x32 32.5 25.5 8 69.4

34030 40x40 41 24.4 9 69.3

34050 50x20 20.1 19.5 6.8 65.4

34060 50x25 25.2 22.1 7.8 69

34070 50x32 32.5 24.4 7.8 71.3

34080 50x40 37.6 24.6 8.8 72.5

34090 50x50 51.1 29 8.6 76.7

34100* 80x50 50 29 8.6 88

34110* 80x80 69.7 34 19.5 158.5

34130* 100x80 69.7 34 19.5 158.5

34140* 100x100 90 40.5 20 184.5

*These fittings are fabricated from other moulded fittings.


Product Data

CAT 3 Faucet Take Off Adaptor

The spigot end of this fitting is solvent cement jointed to the socket of another fitting. The female threaded end provides a connection for male BSP threads such as spray nozzles.

Note: These fittings should not be jointed to solvent cement pipe sockets. See Note Page 23. Care should be taken not to overtighten. Refer to our Installation Guidelines for procedures.

*These fittings are fabricated from other moulded fittings.

Product Code

Size DN SP x TH C S L

34150 15x15 17.1 18 41.7

34160 20x15 17.1 18 42.1

34170 20x20 22.4 19.5 45.2

34190 25x20 22.4 19.5 46.4

34200 25x25 27.8 22.1 49.6

34220 32x20 22.4 19.5 57.8

34230 32x25 27.8 22.1 54.8

34240 32x32 34.3 25.5 57.8

34260 40x20 22.4 19.5 54.7

34270 40x25 27.8 22.1 57.9

34280 40x32 34.3 25.5 60.9

34290 40x40 39.4 24.4 64.2

34320 50x25 27.8 22.1 61.1

34330 50x32 34.3 25.5 70

34340 50x40 39.4 24.4 67.4

34350 50x50 49.5 29 67.4

34360* 80x50 49.5 29.4 82.4

34370* 80x80 83 35 160

34380* 100x50 50 29.4 92

34390* 100x80 83 35 178

34400* 100x100 117 41.5 189


Product Data

CAT 5 Reducing Bushes

This fitting is used for solvent cement jointing into the socket of a fitting such as a CAT 7 coupling or a CAT 19 tee to give a reduction in bore. It is most often used as an alternative to a reducing coupling (CAT 8) in situations where space is a problem.

Note: These fittings should not be jointed to pipe sockets.

*PN 9 fitting

Product Code

SizeDN C L

34420 20x15 16.8 21

34430 25x15 16.1 24.7

34440 25x20 21.9 24.5

34450 32x25 26.8 33

34460 40x25 31 31

34470 40x32 34.7 31.6

34480 50x25 27 36.9

34490 50x40 41.3 36.8

34500 80x50 56.2 51.5

34510 100x50 57.4 61.5

34520 100x80 85 61.5

34530 150x100 107 89

34580* 200x150 132.2 121.5


Product Data

CAT 6 Caps

Caps are solvent cemented to the end of a pipe or fitting spigot to provide line termination. They can also be used to temporarily prevent the entry of dirt and foreign matter into a pipeline.

*PN 9 fitting † PN 12 fitting

Product Code

SizeDN L

34590 15 25.8

34600 20 29.7

34610 25 34.3

34620 32 50

34630 40 46.6

34640 50 58.4

34650† 65 72

34660 80 78

34670 100 92

34680 125 133

34690 150 135

34705* 200 160

CAT 7 Couplings

Couplings are used for the solvent cement jointing of two lengths of PVC pipe.

*PN 12 fitting

Product Code

SizeDN C L

34730 15 18.4 39

34740 20 24.1 43.5

34750 25 30.2 49 0

34760 32 36.6 69.5

34770 40 45.4 65.5

34780 50 56.6 77

34790* 65 66 110.5

34800 80 85.5 104.5

34810 100 110 124.5

34820 125 131.5 185

34830 150 149.5 190

30404* 200 215 238


Product Data

CAT 8 Reducing Couplings

Reducing couplings are used for the solvent cement jointing of two different sizes of PVC pipe.

Product Code

Size DNsocket x socket

C L

34880 20x15 16.5 45.5

34890 25x15 17.4 51

34900 25x20 21.1 51.5

34920 32x20 23 62.5

34930 32x25 25.3 67

34940 40x15 15.8 58

34950 40x20 23.5 64

34960 40x25 26.9 60

34970 40x32 38.4 71.5

34990 50x20 25 71

35000 50x25 29.3 78.5

35010 50x32 37 82

35020 50x40 42 74.3

35030† 65x50 51 104

35035* 80x40 41.2 99

35040 80x50 57.6 99

35050 80x65 66.5 120

35060 100x50 57.5 104

35070 100x80 86.6 123

35080 125x80 81.5 167.5

35090 125x100 106 172

35100 150x100 107.5 183

*Fabricated from other moulded fittings. † PN 12 fitting


Product Data

CAT 10 45°Elbows

Elbows are used to provide 45° changes in direction in pipelines. They are often employed in confined space situations in place of CAT 12, 45° bends.

*PN 9 fitting; † PN 12 fitting

Product Code

SizeDN C L

35180 15 17.5 33

35190 20 23.7 34.5

35200 25 30 39.5

35210 32 38.8 44.5

35220 40 47.9 40

35230 50 60 46

35240† 65 68.5 64

35250 80 78.7 81.5

35260 100 102.2 95

35280† 150 155 125

35290* 155 163 129

30388* 200 218 181


Product Data

CAT 12 Bends (Fabricated)

CAT 12 bends are manufactured to AS/NZS 1477

Bends are used in pipelines to allow changes in direction. They are most often used in situations where space is not a problem, e.g. when laid in a large trench. They have significantly better flow characteristics compared to moulded elbows.

Note: These fittings have pipe sockets and should not be jointed to spigoted moulded fittings.

Product Code

SizeDN Class A Bore(Nom) L(min) Radius(Nom)

38850 15x90° 18 352 18.3 38 305

38860 20x90° 18 352 22.4 38 305

38870 25x90° 18 352 28.1 38 305

38880 32x90° 18 371 35.4 38 305

38890 40x90° 18 371 40.5 51 305

38900 50x90° 12 383 53.7 64 305

38920 65x90° 12 479 67.5 64 365

38950 80x90° 12 477 79 76 356

38970 100x90° 12 628 101.7 102 457

38990 125x90° 12 1085 124.9 127 635

39000 150x90° 12 1085 142.7 127 635

39047 200x90° 12 1730 206.6 152 1200

38670 20x60° 18 220 22.4 38 305

38680 25x60° 18 220 28.1 38 305

38690 32x60° 18 220 35.4 38 305

38700 40x60° 18 232 40.5 51 305

38710 50x60° 12 218 54.3 64 305

38740 80x60° 12 400 79 76 356

38750 100x60° 12 502 101.7 102 584

38760 125x60° 12 796 124.9 127 635

38770 150x60° 12 885 142.7 127 635

38480 20x45° 18 172 22.4 38 305

38490 25x45° 18 172 28.1 38 305

38500 32x45° 18 172 35.4 38 305

38510 40x45° 18 185 40.5 51 305

38520 50x45° 12 210 53.7 64 305

38540 65x45° 12 243 67.5 64 365

38550 80x45° 12 343 79 76 584


Product Data

CAT 12 Bends (Continued)

Product Code

SizeDN Class A Bore(Nom) L(min) Radius(Nom)

38560 100x45° 12 358 101.7 102 584

38570 125x45° 12 776 124.9 127 635

38580 150x45° 12 776 142.7 127 635

38620 200x45° 12 1000 204.6 254 1200

38290 20x30° 18 129 22.4 38 305

38300 25x30° 18 129 28.1 38 305

38310 32x30° 18 129 35.4 38 305

38320 40x30° 18 142 40.5 51 305

38330 50x30° 12 154 53.7 64 305

38340 65x30° 12 190 67.5 64 365

38350 80x30° 12 239 79 76 584

38360 100x30° 12 279 101.7 102 584

38370 125x30° 12 588 124.9 127 635

38380 150x30° 12 652 142.7 127 635

38100 20x22½° 18 103 22.4 38 305

38110 25x22½° 18 103 28.1 38 305

38120 32x22½° 18 103 35.4 38 305

38130 40x22½° 18 115 40.5 51 305

38140 50x22½° 12 128 53.7 64 305

38150 65x22½° 12 185 67.5 64 365

38160 80x22½° 12 199 79 76 584

38170 100x22½° 12 247 101.7 102 584

38180 125x22½° 12 548 124.9 127 635

38190 150x22½° 12 599 142.7 127 635

38215 200x22½°o 18 76 22.4 38 305

37910 20x11¼° 18 76 22.4 38 305

37920 25x11¼° 18 76 28.1 38 305

37930 32x11¼° 18 76 35.4 38 305

37940 40x11¼° 18 83 40.5 51 305

37950 50x11¼° 12 102 53.7 64 305

37970 65x11¼° 12 108 67.5 64 365

37980 80x11¼° 12 140 79 76 584

37990 100x11¼° 12 170 101.7 102 584

38000 125x11¼° 12 508 124.9 127 635

38010 150x11¼° 12 572 142.7 127 635

38025 200x11¼° 12 730 206.6 178 1800


Product Data

CAT 13 90° Elbows

These are moulded fittings, which are used to provide 90° bends in pipelines. They are most often employed in confined space situations in preference to CAT 12 90° bends.

Product Code Size DN C L

35330 15 15.5 43.3

35340 20 20.6 43

35350 20x15 15.4 42.8

35360 25 26.8 46.3

35370 25x15 15.2 46.3

35380 25x20 20.5 46.3

35390 32 39.7 52

35400 40 45.7 57.7

35410 50 57.7 69.9

35420 65 74.8 87.4

35430 80 78.4 98.6

35440 100 101.5 137.3

354601 150 143 182.9

354702 155 163 178

303814 200 217 241

(1) PN 12; (2) BS4346 Class D; (3) BS4346 Class C; (4) PN 9

CAT 15 90° Faucet Elbows

The faucet elbow is used to provide a female BSP connection. In irrigation it is used as a means of connecting a threaded riser pipe to an underground pipeline.

Note: PVC threads should never be overtightened. Refer to our Installation Guidelines for procedures.

*Smaller Bore

Product Code Size DN *C L S

35510 15x15 15.5 43.1 25.1

35520 20x15 20.9 43 24.9

35530 20x20 20.7 43 23.4

35540 25x15 26.9 46.4 24.7

35550 25x20 26.9 46.4 22.9

35560 25x25 26.8 46 24.7

35570 32x32 39.1 49.7 22.1

35580 40x40 44 59 30


Product Data

CAT 16 Flanges

Flanges are used to bolt PVC pipes to pumps and valves etc. Flanged disconnectable fittings provide capability for maintenance and future changes to the pipeline.

The 50, 80, 100, 150, 195, 200 and 300 sizes are “stub” or short face flanges as opposed to the large full face flanges of other pipe sizes.

Refer to “Cast Iron Fittings” for further details on flanges.

Vinidex recommends the use of a metal backing ring with all flanges of 50 mm nominal size and over. (See Cat 16A.) Large washers should be used with bolts and nuts on smaller flanges. Do not overtighten.

† PN 12 fitting*This product is an imported stub flange, not to AS1477 so dimensions may vary at times. Designated PN 9.

Product Code

SizeDN C L N T

35620 25 29 33.5 114.5 13.5

35630 32 36.8 34.1 121.4 13.5

35640 40 41.2 40.1 133.6 13.5

35651 50 54.5

35660† 65 66.3 67.1 169.1 14

35671 80 81.5

35681 100 103.8

35690 125 128 100 253 19.4

35701 150 146

35730* 200 209 125 272 31.5

35735* 225

35738* 250

35740* 300 297 180.5 380 40


Product Data

CAT 16A Metal Backing Ring for Flanges

This galvanised mild steel backing ring has the effect of transferring the load from the flange attachment bolts to the total face of the flange. Flange backing rings conform to the drilling pattern of AS 2129 - Table E (Flanges for Pipes, Valves and Fittings) unless otherwise specified.

Product Code

SizeDN ID OD T PCD Hole

DiaNo of Holes

83500 50 80 150 8 114 18 4

83510 65 100 166 10 126 18 4

83520 80 109 185 10 146 18 4

83530 100 140 215 10 178 18 8

83540 125 170 255 12 210 18 8

83550 150 203 280 12 235 22 8

83560 200 252 335 12 292 22 8

83590 300 360 455 12 406 26 12

CAT 16B Flange Gasket

A flange gasket is a sealing gasket located between the PVC flange and its mount. It is manufactured in elastomeric and is 3.2 mm thick. Any specific requirement should be stated when ordering.

Product Code

SizeDN ID OD Hole Size No of

Holes

83620 50 60.3 150 18 4

83640 80 88.9 185 18 4

83650 100 114.3 215 18 4

83780 125 139.7 255 18 8

83670 150 168.3 280 22 8

83680 200 215 335 22 8

83830 300 302 455 26 12


Product Data

CAT 17 Valve Sockets

The valve socket is solvent cement jointed to a pipe spigot. The male-threaded end of the valve socket provides a connection for a PVC, brass or galvanised wrought iron threaded valve-type fitting.

Note: Care should be taken not to overtighten. Refer to our Installation Guidelines for procedures.

ProductCode

SizeDN C H L S

35760 15 14.5 6.6 48 16

35770 20 19 6.8 46.7 19.6

35790 25 24.2 8 58.5 22.1

35800 32 31.5 8 60.5 24.7

35810 40 36.5 8.9 56 24.5

35820 50 46.3 8.6 74.5 29

35830 65 62.5 10 92.5 28.5

35840 80 69.5 19.7 94.5 34.5

35850 100 90 20 112.5 41

CAT 18 Faucet Sockets

The faucet socket is solvent cement jointed to a pipe spigot. The female-threaded end of the faucet socket provides a connection for a faucet tap fitting or a spray nozzle.


Product Code

SizeDN C L S

35870 15 17 47 15.7

35880 20 22 50.2 18.5

35890 25 28.2 56.2 21.5

35900 25x15 17 50 15.7

35910 32 34.3 62.6 26.3

35920 40 39.2 69 29.2

35930 50 49.3 72.3 29.2

35950 80 82.8 95 35

35960 100 107.5 112.5 41.5


Product Data

CAT 19 Tees

Tees provide a branch at 90° from a main line. Available in equal or reducing branches. See also tapping saddles.

Product Code

SizeDN C C1 L L1

35980 15x15 15.5 15.5 43.2 43

35990 20x15 20.4 15.5 42.9 42.7

36000 20x20 20.4 20.4 42.9 42.7

36010 25x15 26.7 15.6 46.2 46

36020 25x20 26.7 20.7 46.2 45.8

36030 25x25 26.7 26.7 46.2 46.1

36040 32x15 33.4 17 52.9 44.7

36050 32x20 41.5 20 48 45.8

36060 32x25 41.5 25 48 45.8

36070 32x32 41.5 41.5 52 52

36080 40x15 38.6 16.8 58.9 49.5

36090 40x20 47.5 20 50.9 49

36100 40x25 47.5 25 50.9 49

36110 40x32 38.6 33.5 58.9 59

36120 40x40 47.5 47.5 58 58

36130 50x15 48.3 16.8 74.2 54.4

36140 50x20 59.5 20 57 55.1

36150 50x25 59.5 25 57 55.1

36160 50x32 48.3 33.7 74.2 69.4

36170 50x40 48.3 39.3 74.2 72.5

36180 50x50 59.5 59.5 70 70

36200† 65x65 67.5 67.5 92.25 92

36210 80x25 78.5 29.8 98.2 79.6

36220 80x32 78.5 38.7 98.2 83

36230 80x40 78.5 38.8 98.2 86.6

36240 80x50 78.5 54 98.2 89.5

36250 80x80 78.5 78.5 98.2 98.6

36260 100x25 106 27 95 100.5

36270 100x50 106 55 95 100.5

36280 100x80 106 87 111 127

36290 100x100 107.3 107.3 131 129

36330† 150x100 143 101.5 158 153

36340† 150x150 143 143 172 172

36350* 155x155 167.8 167.8 175.5 175.5

30393* 200x200 220 220 233 233

† PN 12 fitting (o) Fabricated from other moulded fittings; *Not to AS 1477 PN 18


Product Data

CAT 21 Faucet Tees

Faucet tees are used mainly in irrigation pipelines. The female thread in the tee branch provides a connection for a threaded riser pipe.


Product Code

SizeDN C C1 L L1 S

36390 15x15 15.5 15.5 43.2 43 17.1

36400 20x15 20.5 15.5 43 42.4 17.1

36410 20x20 20.5 20.5 43 42.4 20

36420 25x15 26.8 15.5 46.2 46.2 17.3

36430 25x20 26.8 20.5 46.2 46.2 19.7

36440 25x25 26.8 26.7 46.2 46.2 23.6

36450 32x15 33 15.5 52.5 35 16

36460 32x20 41.7 20 48 45.8 19.7

36470 32x25 41.7 26 48 45.8 22.8

36480 40x15 38 15.5 58.5 37.5 16

36490 40x20 47.7 20 50.9 49 19.7

36500 40x25 47.7 26 50.9 49 22.8

36510 50x15 48 15.5 74 47 16

36520 50x20 59.7 20 57 55.1 19.7

36530 50x25 59.7 26 57 55.1 22.8

CAT 22 Unions

Unions are used to join together two sections of PVC pipe. In industrial applications they are used as an alternative to a flange in situations where future inspection of lines is anticipated. Easily assembled and disassembled, they can be used in pipeline repair situations.

Note: This fitting is not intended to provide for angular misalignment. Do not overtighten.

ProductCode

SizeDN C T (Assembled)

H L

36550 15 17.3 55.9 25.8 68

36560 20 21.6 63 18.2 68

36570 25 27 70.2 18.1 75

36580 32 33.8 82.6 18.5 81.5

36590 40 40 96.5 22 91.5

36600 50 48.8 111.1 22.2 97.5


Product Data

CAT 23 Threaded Plugs

Threaded plugs are used as blank-offs for female threaded fittings.


Product Code

SizeDN C F L S

36620 15 14.6 27 25 18

36630 20 17.8 32 26 19.1

36640 25 24.1 39.6 30 22.2

36650 32 31.8 50 32.4 24.4

36660 40 35.5 55.5 37.2 28.5

36670 50 45.5 70 37.7 28.5

36680 80 70 105 53.5 33.5

36690 100 Solid 134 68.5 43

CAT 24 Threaded Bush

Threaded reducing bushes are used mostly in irrigation applications to reduce the size of faucet elbows, faucet tees and faucet sockets so that they can receive smaller sized faucet fittings.


Product Code

SizeDN C F L S S1

36720 25x20 20.2 39.2 30.1 20 22.2


Product Data

CAT 28 Asbestos Cement and Cast Iron Adaptors*

These fittings are used to adapt PVC pipe spigots to asbestos cement, cast iron or ductile iron pipe sockets. The socket end is solvent cement jointed to the pipe spigots.

Product Code

SizeDN C G L F Type

36790 100 105.4 101.6 181 121 2

36800 150 151 87 97 176.7 1

36810 155 151 85 97 176.7 1

CAT 29 Reducing Sleeve

A reducing sleeve is used to adapt 155 fittings to a 150 line. This should be done by solvent cement jointing the sleeve to the 150 pipe spigot first.

Product Code Size DN C L

36830 155x150 145.7 90


Product Data

Quick Repair PVC Compression Coupling

This fitting is a “wet” or quick repair joint for small bore pressure lines. It is also used in demountable installations in laboratories, workshops and chemical processing plants. The advantage of this fitting is that pressure can be restored to the system immediately after installation. The compression coupling is slipped along the pipe to the desired position and the nuts are then tightened. Lubricant should be used on the pipe.

Note: Care must be taken not to overtighten. This fitting is rated Class 12.

Product Code

Size DN Dimension L (sealed)

36850 15 85

36860 20 92

36870 25 108

36880 32 117

36890 40 122

36900 50 135

36910 80 215

36920 100 240


Product Data

Polydex Fittings

Polydex rubber ring jointed fittings are fabricated from extruded pipe and/or moulded fittings, with factory assembled soIvent cement bonded joints where required. They are supplied complete with rubber rings.

Rubber ring joints are dimensionally identical to pipes.

Polydex fittings are manufactured to Class 12 rating unless noted otherwise.

CAT P4 Polydex Socket - Socket x Solvent Cement Spigot

Product Code Size DN L

41000 50 170

41010 80 200

41020 100 240

41040 150 300

41060 200 370

CAT P4S Polydex Spigot - Spigot x Solvent Cement Spigot


41110 50 170

41130 100 240

41150 150 300

CAT P6 End Cap - Socketed

Product Code Size DN L- Max

41210 50 182.4

41220 80 258

41230 100 283.5

41240 150 351

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)


Product Data

CAT P8 Reducing Coupling - Socket x Socket

CAT P7 Coupling - Socket x Socket

CAT P6S End Cap - Spigoted

Product Code Size DN L- Max

41320 100 283.5

Produce Code Size DN L-Max

41380 50 345

41390 80 405

41400 100 485

41410 150 600

41427 200 850

41432 250 850

Produce Code Size DN L-Max

41470 80 x 50 385

41480 100 x 50 430

41490 100 x 80 455

41495 150 x 80 550

41500 150 x 100 580

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)


Product Data

CAT P10S 45° Elbow Coupling - Socket x Spigot

CAT P10 45° Elbow Coupling - Socket x Socket

CAT P8S Reducing Coupling - Socket x Spigot

Product Code Size DN L-Max

41590 80x50 385

41600 100x50 450

41610 100x80 475

41620 150 x 100 600

Product Code Size DN A

41820 50 180

41830 80 230

41840 100 273

41850 150 339


41900 50 180

41910 80 230

41920 100 273

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)


Product Data

CAT P12 Long Radius Bend - Socket x Socket

Product Code Size DN A - 11¼° Radius R

41980 50 229 305

41990 80 305 356

42000 100 355 457

42010 150 482 635

42030 200 648 1200

42052 300 900 1800

A - 22½°

42070 50 254 305

42075 65 368 356

42080 80 330 356

42090 100 406 457

42100 150 533 635

42120 200 635 1200

42135 300 900 1800

A - 30º

42160 50 280 305

42170 80 355 356

42180 100 432 457

42190 150 585 635

42210 200 853 1200

42225 225 1035 1800

42230 300 1178 1800

A - 45º

42250 50 305 305

42255 65 420 305

42260 80 406 356

42270 100 508 457

42280 150 660 635

42300 200 1026 1200

42310 225 1200 1800

42320 250 1229 1800

42330 300 1280 1800

Product Code Size DN A - 60° Radius R

43350 50 330 305

43360 80 457 356

43370 100 560 457

43390 150 787 635

43410 200 1240 1200

43418 300 1750 1800

A - 90º

43450 50 430 305

43455 65 560 356

43460 80 610 356

43470 100 762 457

43490 150 1040 635

43520 200 1730 1200

43535 225 2351 1800

43540 300 2386 1800

Dimensions (mm)


Product Data

CAT P12S Long Radius Bend - Socket x Spigot

Product Code Size DN A - 11¼° Radius R

43560 50 229 305

43570 80 305 356

43580 100 355 457

43590 150 482 635

43605 200 648 1200

A - 22½°

43640 50 254 305

43650 80 330 356

43660 100 406 457

43670 125 500 635

43680 150 533 635

43700 200 585 1200

43710 250 853 1800

A - 30º

43740 50 280 305

43750 80 355 356

43760 100 432 457

43770 150 585 635

43810 200 853 1200

A - 45º

43830 50 305 305

43840 80 406 356

43850 100 508 457

43855 125 546 635

43860 150 660 635

43880 200 1026 1200

43890 225 1229 1800

A - 60º

43920 50 330 305

43930 80 457 356

43940 100 560 457

43950 150 787 635

43995 200 1256 1800

Product Code Size DN A - 90° Radius R

44010 50 430 305

44020 80 610 356

44030 100 762 457

44040 125 978 635

44050 150 1040 635

44070 200 1730 1200

44085 250 2386 1800

44090 300 2386 1800

Dimension ‘A’ for Varying Bend Angles (mm)

SizeDN

Bend Angle

11¼° 22½° 30° 45° 60° 90°

50 229 254 280 305 330 430

80 305 330 355 406 457 610

100 355 406 432 508 560 762

125 482 533 585 635 787 1040

150 482 533 585 660 787 1040

*195 610 737 812 965 1143 1625

*200 610 737 812 965 1143 1625

For bend radius R, refer to CAT 12 *Note: These sizes are rated Class 9.


Product Data

CAT P13S 90° Elbow - Socket x Spigot

CAT P13 90° Elbow - Socket x Socket


44110 50 200

44120 80 247

44130 100 312

44150 150 385


44210 50 200

44220 80 247

44230 100 312

44240 150 385

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)


Product Data

CAT P16 Flanged Socket


44290 50 175

44295 65 214

44330 80 205

44310 100 246

44320 150 311

44340 200 300

44360 225 350

44367 250 400

CAT P17 Valve Socket

CAT P16S Flanged Spigot


44380 50 175

44390 80 205

44400 100 246

44410 150 311

44440 200 370


44480 50 207

44490 80 237

44500 100 292

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)


Product Data

CAT P17S Valve Spigot

CAT P18S Faucet Spigot

CAT P18 Faucet Socket

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)


44510 50 207

44520 80 237

44530 100 312


44540 50 204

44550 80 238

44560 100 292


44570 50 204

44580 80 238

44590 100 312


Product Data

CAT P19 Tees - Socket x Socket

CAT 19S Tees - Socket x Spigot

Dimensions (mm)

*Note: These sizes are rated Class 9 195 spigoted version not available

Dimensions (mm)

Product Code Size DN A B

44600 50 x 25 187 55

44610 50 x 50 208 208

44620 80 x 32 246 83

44630 80 x 50 246 221

44640 80 x 80 246 246

44660 100 x 50 275 233

44670 100 x 80 292 264

44680 100 x 100 298 298

44690 150 x 50 360 281

44700 150 x 80 360 297

44710 150 x 100 360 326

Size DN A B

50x50 198 198

80x50 278 213

80x80 278 278

100x50 321 258

100x80 321 258

100x100 321 319

150x50 380 298

150x80 380 349

150x100 380 359

150x150 380 380

*195x50 529 387

*195x80 529 438

*195x100 529 447

*195x150 529 463

*195x195 529 529

*200x50 529 387

*200x80 529 438

*200x100 529 447

*200x150 529 563

*200x200 529 529


Product Data

CAT P19F Flanged Branch Tee - Socket x Socket

CAT P21 Faucet Tees - Socket x Socket

CAT 19FS Flanged Branch Tee - Socket x Spigot

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)


45010 100 x 100 298 203

45030 150 x 100 360 221

45040 150 x 150 385 297


45090 100 x 80 291 189

45100 100 x 100 298 203

Product Code

Size DN x Thread A B

45170 50 x 20 187 75

45180 50 x 25 187 84

45230 80 x 25 246 104

45245 80 x 40 246 117

45250 80 x 50 246 120

45265 100 x 20 275 122

45270 100 x 25 275 125

45290 100 x 50 275 131

45300 100 x 100 298 250


Product Data

CAT P21S Faucet Tees - Socket x Spigot

CAT P26S Tapped End - Spigoted

CAT P26 Tapped End - Socketed

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)

Product Code

Size DN x Thread A B

45340 50 x 20 187 75

45360 50 x 32 208 100

45380 50 x 50 208 107

45450 100 x 50 275 131

45460 100 x 80 298 218

Product Code

Size DN x Thread L

45510 100 x 50 327

45520 100 x 80 407

Product Code

Size DN x Thread L

45600 50 x 20 221

45640 80 x 25 276

45660 80 x 80 238

45700 100 x 50 347


Product Data

CAT P28 Cast Iron Adaptor - Socketed

CAT P28S Cast Iron Adaptor - Spigoted

Dimensions (mm)

Dimensions (mm)

Product Code

Size DN x Thread L

45800 100 354

45810 150 309

Size DN L

100 371

150 210


Product Data

Ductile Iron Fittings

A large range of ductile iron fittings is available to suit PVC pipes, and those most commonly used for construction and maintenance of PVC pipelines are detailed in this section.

Vinidex SUPERLINK®® I and SUPERLINK®® II fittings have deep sockets with push-fit rubber ring seals. Different rings are used to ensure the fittings are compatible with both AS/NZS 1477 Series 1 (Polydex) and AS/NZS 1477 Series 2 pipe sizes. Series 1 pipe uses a lip seal ring and Series 2 pipe The ‘T’ type ring as illustrated below. Care should be taken to ensure the correct ring is used with each fitting and pipe series.

Fittings from other suppliers employ different rubber rings. These rings are not interchageable.

Standards

Fittings are manufactured and tested in accordance with AS/NZS 2280 for Ductile Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings. Sock-eted SUPERLINK®® I fittings are rated PN 35 and SUPERLINK®® II fittings are rated PN 16.

All fittings are cement lined in accordance with the requirements of the above Standards. Fittings are also available with FBE coating for superior corrosive resistance.

Where mentioned throughout this section, size 155 and 195 can be supplied compatible with imperial sized PVC pipes, 6” and 8” respectively, now obsolete


Product Data

Flanges

Unless otherwise stated, flanges of all cast iron fittings supplied in sizes 80 to 375 inclusive comply with Australian Standard 2129 Table C.

Pressure Ratings

The following table shows working and maximum hydrostatic test pressures for cast iron flanges. Note that when the pipe class required is PN 12 or less there is generally no need to specify a flange heavier than Table C.

Flange Type Working Pressure (MPa) Maximum Hydrostatic Test Pressure (MPa)

AS 2129 Table D 0.7 1.4

AS 2129 Table C* 1.2 2.4

AS 2129 Table E 1.4 2.8

AS 2129 Table F 2.1 4.2

* Flanges are normally manufactured to this table unless otherwise stated.

Flange Dimensions

Table C - AS 2129 (1.2 MPa Working Pressure)

Size DN 80 100 150 200 225 250 300 375

Flange Outside Diameter (D) 185 215 280 335 370 405 455 550

Flange Thickness (t) 19 22 22 25 25 25 29 32

Pitch Circle Diameter (P) 146 178 235 292 324 356 406 495

Number of Bolts 4 4 8 8 8 8 12 12

Bolt Size And Thread M16 M16 M16 M16 M16 M20 M20 M24

Bolt Length 64 64 64 76 76 76 76 89

Blank Flange Mass (kg) 5 7 11 18 21 - 39 -


Product Data

Dimensions (Cont...)

Table E - AS 2129 (1.4 MPa Working Pressure)

Size DN 80 100 150 200 225 250 300 375




Number of Bolts 4 8 8 8 12 12 12 12

Bolt Size & Thread M16 M16 M20 M20 M20 M20 M24 M24

Bolt Lengths 64 64 76 76 76 76 89 89

Table F - AS 2129 (2.1 MPa Working Pressure)Size DN 80 100 150 200 225 250 300 375




Number of Bolts 8 8 12 12 12 12 16 16


Bolt Lengths 64 64 76 76 89 89 89 102

Table D - AS 2129 (0.7 MPa Working Pressure) - Normally Used for Gas PipeSize DN 80 100 150 200 225 250 300 375




Number of Bolts 4 4 8 8 8 8 12 12


Bolt Lengths 64 64 64 76 76 76 76 89

N.B. Tables C and D Flanges and Flanges to Table 5 of AS 1488 (Cast Grey Iron Fittings for Pressure Pipes) all have identical face dimensions.

Equivalent Metric to Imperial Bolts for FlangesMetric Size M12 M16 M20 M24 M27

Imperial (inch) Size 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1


Product Data

Bends

11¼° socket-socket bends

Socketed Bends

Product CodePN 35

SUPERLINK®

Product CodePN 16

SUPERLINK® II

DN b(mm)

r(mm)

a(mm)

f - socket (mm)

L (mm)

W (kg)

77617 - 100 30 152 8 120 150 11

77676 - 150 35 190 9 128 163 15

77796 - 200 35 203 10 150 185 24

77851 - 225 45 229 10 160 205 35

77916 - 250 45 254 10 160 205 38

77976 - 300 50 305 11 170 220 50

78035 - 375 65 381 12 190 255 78.6

- 77584 100 30 152 8 120 150 6.6

- 77588 150 35 190 9 128 163 15

- 77618 200 35 203 10 150 185 24

- 77855 225 45 229 10 160 205 35

22½° socket-socket bends

Product CodePN 35

SUPERLINK®

Product CodePN 16

SUPERLINK® II

DN b(mm)

r(mm)

a(mm)

f - socket (mm)

L (mm)

W (kg)

77626 - 100 45 152 8 120 165 12

77686 - 150 55 190 9 128 183 17

77806 - 200 55 203 10 150 205 30

77861 - 225 65 229 10 160 225 38

77926 - 250 70 254 10 160 230 50

77986 - 300 80 305 11 170 250 53.4

78606 - 375 100 381 12 190 290 87.8

81596 - 450 115 457 13 - 115 140

- 77585 100 45 152 8 120 165 7

- 77589 150 55 190 9 128 183 11.2

- 77621 200 55 203 10 150 205 30

- 77865 225 65 229 10 160 225 45.2

Lb

DN

af

11.25°r

a

rDN

Lb

f

22.5°


Product Data

45° socket-socket bends

Product CodePN 35

SUPERLINK®

Product CodePN 16

SUPERLINK® II

DN b(mm)

r(mm)

a(mm)

f - socket (mm)

L (mm)

W (kg)

77646 - 100 80 152 8 120 200 13

77706 - 150 95 190 9 128 223 21

77826 - 200 100 203 10 150 250 38

77881 - 225 115 229 10 160 275 44

77946 - 250 125 254 10 160 285 64

78006 - 300 145 305 11 170 315 62.4

78070 - 375 185 381 12 190 375 102

81598 - 450 215 457 13 - 215 176

- 77586 100 80 152 8 120 200 8

- 77590 150 95 190 9 128 223 12.5

- 77623 200 100 203 10 150 250 38

- 77885 225 115 229 10 160 275 44

- 77945 250 125 254 10 160 285 64

90° socket-socket bends

Product CodePN 35

SUPERLINK®

Product CodePN 16

SUPERLINK® II

DN b(mm)

r(mm)

a(mm)

f - socket (mm)

L (mm)

W (kg)

77667 - 100 165 152 8 120 173 17

77726 - 150 205 190 9 128 214 27

77846 - 200 220 203 10 150 230 46

77901 - 225 250 229 10 160 260 60

77966 - 250 275 254 10 160 285 85

78026 - 300 325 305 11 170 336 81.2

78607 - 375 405 381 12 190 417 131.1

81602 - 450 480 457 13 - 493 30

- 77587 100 165 152 8 120 173 9.2

- 77591 150 205 190 9 128 214 14.4

- 77631 200 220 203 10 150 230 46

- 77905 225 250 229 10 160 260 60

a

rDN

Lb

f

45°

L

b

f

a

r

90°

DN


Product Data

11¼° flange-flange bends

Flanged Bends

22½° flange-flange bends

Product CodePN 35

SUPERLINK®

Product CodePN 16

SUPERLINK® II

DN b(mm)

r(mm)

a(mm)

No of Holes

D(mm)

W (kg)

77609 - 100 152 152 8 4 215 12

77672 - 150 190 190 9 4 280 25

77797 - 200 203 203 10 8 335 38

81657 - 225 229 229 10 8 370 -

77917 - 250 254 254 10 8 405 38

78617 - 300 305 305 11 12 455 48.6

Product CodePN 35

SUPERLINK®

Product CodePN 16

SUPERLINK® II

DN b(mm)

r(mm)

a(mm)

No of Holes

D (mm)

W (kg)

77863 - 225 229 229 10 8 370 40

77927 - 250 254 254 10 8 405 50

78618 - 300 305 305 11 12 455 53.4

45° flange-flange bends

Product CodePN 35

SUPERLINK®

Product CodePN 16

SUPERLINK® II

DN b(mm)

r(mm)

a(mm)

No of Holes

D (mm)

W (kg)

78610 - 225 229 229 10 8 370 10

78613 - 250 254 254 10 8 405 12

78619 - 300 305 305 11 12 455 62.4

90° flange-flange bends

Product CodePN 35

SUPERLINK®

Product CodePN 16

SUPERLINK® II

DN b(mm)

r(mm)

a(mm)

No of Holes

D(mm)

W (kg)

78611 - 225 330 330 10 8 370 10

78615 - 250 356 254 10 8 405 10

78621 - 300 406 305 11 12 455 10

DN

a

D

r

11.25ºb

DN

a

D

r

22.5ºb

DN

a

D

r

45º

b

DN

a

D

r

90º b


Product Data

90° duckfoot bends flange-flange PN16

Product Code DN W

(mm)r

(mm)a

(mm)No. of Holes

D(mm)

A(mm)

h(mm)

W (kg)

78630 100 305 - 8 4 215 23 297 10

77723 150 263 - 8 8 280 24 333 25

78631 200 - - 9 8 335 32 - 10

Hydrant bends socket-flange PN16

ProductCode DN a

(mm)h

(mm)b

(mm)f -socket

(mm)No. ofHoles

D(mm)

A(mm)

L1(mm)

W(kg)

78235 150 x 80 - - - - 8 280 24 - 57

78207 100 x 80 133 216 203 - 4 215 23 363 + f = 32

Washout bends socket-flange PN 16

ProductCode DN b

(mm)r

(mm)a

(mm)f -socket

(mm)No. ofHoles

D(mm)

A(mm)

L1(mm)

L2(mm)

W (kg)

77661 100 x 100 152 152 8 120 4 215 23 272 175 32

77715 150 x 100 190 190 8 128 8 280 23 318 213 57

b

b

c

DN


Product Data

Product CodePN35

SUPERLINK® I

Product CodePN16

SUPERLINK® II

DN h(mm)

L(mm)

a(mm)

a1(mm)

f -socket(mm)

L1 - total(mm)

W (kg)

78307 100 x 100 195 210 8 8 120 450 20

78316 150 x 100 225 230 9 8 128 486 30

78326 150 x 150 250 290 9 9 128 546 36

78366 200 x 100 250 230 10 8 150 530 39

78376 200 x 150 275 290 10 9 150 590 48

78386 200 x 200 275 340 10 10 150 640 58

77597 100 x 100 195 210 6 8 120 450 11.8

77598 150 x 100 225 230 6 8 128 486 15.8

77599 150 x 150 250 290 6 9 128 546 19.4

77693 200 x 100 250 230 6 8 150 530 39

77694 200 x 150 275 290 6 9 150 590 48

77695 200 x 200 275 340 6 10 150 640 58

78397 225 x 100 265 240 10 8 160 560 54

78410 225 x 150 290 300 10 9 160 620 65

78416 225 x 200 290 350 10 10 160 670 72

78426 225 x 225 305 380 10 10 160 700 80

78436 250 x 100 280 240 10 8 160 560 62

78446 250 x 150 305 300 10 9 160 620 77

78456 250 x 200 305 350 10 10 160 670 81

78461 250 x 225 320 380 10 10 160 700 88

78476 250 x 250 320 410 10 10 160 730 94

78395 225 x 100 265 240 10 8 160 560 54

78405 225 x 150 290 300 10 9 160 620 65

78415 225 x 200 290 350 10 10 160 670 72

78425 225 x 225 305 380 10 10 160 700 25

78435 250 x 100 280 240 10 8 160 560 62

78445 250 x 150 305 300 10 9 160 620 77

78455 250 x 200 305 350 10 10 160 670 81

78465 250 x 225 320 380 10 10 160 700 88

78475 250 x 250 320 410 10 10 160 730 94

78486 300 x 100 310 240 11 8 170 580 75

78494 300 x 150 335 300 11 9 170 640 80

78506 300 x 200 335 350 11 10 170 690 85

78509 300 x 225 350 380 11 10 170 720 92

78526 300 x 250 350 410 11 10 170 750 105

78536 300 x 300 375 490 11 11 170 830 118

78632 375 x 200 375 360 12 10 190 740 0

78634 375 x 225 390 390 11 10 190 770 1

78636 375 x 250 390 420 11 10 190 800 10

78637 375 x 300 415 500 12 11 190 880 -

78638 375 x 375 415 610 12 12 190 990 -

81604 450 x 200 - - 13 - - - 177

81606 450 x 225 - - 13 - - - -

81608 450 x 250 430 420 13 10 - 420 10

81610 450 x 300 455 500 13 11 - 500 -

81612 450 x 375 485 610 13 12 - 610 -

socket-socket tees

Teesh

f

a¹

aL ffL¹


Product Data

Socket-socket-flange tees

Product CodePN35

SUPERLINK®

Product CodePN16

SUPERLINK® II

DN h(mm)

L(mm)

a(mm)

a1(mm)

f-socket (mm)

No. of Holes

D(mm)

A(mm)

L1 total (mm)

79307 100 x 80 195 210 8 8 120 4 215 23 450

78915 100 x 100 195 230 8 8 120 4 215 23 470

77592 100 x 80 195 210 8 8 120 4 215 23 450

77593 100 x 100 195 230 8 8 120 4 215 23 470

79317 150 x 80 225 210 9 8 128 8 280 24 466

78935 150 x 100 225 230 9 8 128 8 280 24 486

78945 150 x 150 250 290 9 9 128 8 280 24 546

77594 150 x 80 225 210 9 8 128 8 280 24 466

77595 150 x 100 225 230 9 8 128 8 280 24 486

77596 150 x 150 250 290 9 9 128 8 280 24 546

79327 200 x 80 250 210 10 8 150 8 335 32 510

78995 200 x 100 250 230 10 8 150 8 335 32 530

79017 200 x 150 275 290 10 9 150 8 335 32 590

79002 200 x 200 275 340 10 10 150 8 335 32 640

77696 200 x 80 250 210 10 8 150 8 335 32 510

77697 200 x 100 250 230 10 8 150 8 335 32 530

77698 200 x 150 275 290 10 9 150 8 335 32 590

77699 200 x 200 275 340 10 10 150 8 335 32 640

79337 225 x 80 265 220 10 8 160 8 370 33 540

79036 225 x 100 265 240 10 8 160 8 370 33 560

79046 225 x 150 290 300 10 9 160 8 370 33 620

79056 225 x 200 290 350 10 10 160 8 370 33 670

79066 225 x 225 305 380 10 10 160 8 370 33 700

79335 225 x 80 265 220 10 8 160 8 370 33 540

79030 225 x 100 265 240 10 8 160 8 370 33 560

79045 225 x 150 290 300 10 9 160 8 370 33 620

79055 225 x 200 290 350 10 10 160 8 370 33 670

79065 225 x 225 305 380 10 10 160 8 370 33 700

79347 250 x 80 280 220 250 80 160 8 405 38 540

79086 250 x 100 280 240 280 240 160 8 405 38 560

79096 250 x 150 305 300 305 300 160 8 405 38 620

79106 250 x 200 305 350 305 350 160 8 405 38 670

79116 250 x 225 320 380 320 380 160 8 405 38 700

79126 250 x 250 320 410 320 410 160 8 405 38 730

79345 250 x 80 280 220 250 80 160 8 405 38 540

79085 250 x 100 280 240 280 240 160 8 405 38 560

79095 250 x 150 305 300 305 300 160 8 405 38 620

79105 250 x 200 305 350 305 350 160 8 405 38 670

79115 250 x 225 320 380 320 380 160 8 405 38 700

79125 250 x 250 320 410 320 410 160 8 405 38 730

79357 300 x 80 310 220 310 220 170 12 455 32 560

La

ha¹

ff

T

D


Product Data

Socket-socket-flange tees (Cont...)

Product CodePN35

SUPERLINK®

Product CodePN16

SUPERLINK® II

DN h(mm)

L(mm)

a(mm)

a1(mm)

f-socket (mm)

No. of Holes

D(mm)

A(mm)

L1 total (mm)

79146 300 x 100 310 240 310 240 170 12 455 32 580

79155 300 x 150 335 300 335 300 170 12 455 32 640

79166 300 x 200 335 350 335 350 170 12 455 32 690

79176 300 x 225 350 380 350 380 170 12 455 32 720

79186 300 x 250 350 410 350 410 170 12 455 32 750

79196 300 x 300 375 490 375 490 170 12 455 32 830

78731 375 x 80 350 230 350 230 190 12 550 42 610

78639 375 x 100 350 250 350 250 190 12 550 42 630

78641 375 x 150 - - - - 190 12 550 42 380

78643 375 x 200 375 360 375 360 190 12 550 42 740

78645 375 x 225 390 390 390 390 190 12 550 42 770

78646 375 x 250 390 420 390 420 190 12 550 42 800

78648 375 x 300 415 500 415 500 190 12 550 42 880

78649 375 x 375 415 610 415 610 190 12 550 42 990

81616 450 x 100 390 250 390 250 - 12 640 45 250

81618 450 x 150 - - - - - 12 640 45 -

81620 450 x 200 - - - - - 12 640 45 -

81622 450 x 225 - - - - - 12 640 45 -

81624 450 x 250 430 420 430 420 - 12 640 45 -

81628 450 x 300 455 500 455 500 - 12 640 45 -

81631 450 x 375 485 610 485 610 - 12 640 45 -

Spigot-spigot tees

Product Code DN h(mm) L(mm) a(mm) a1(mm) W (kg)

78308 100 x 100 178 432 8 8 15

78317 150 x 100 203 432 9 8 15

78328 150 x 150 203 432 9 9 15

78650 200 x 100 241 457 10 8 -

78378 200 x 150 241 482 9 10 25

78388 200 x 200 241 534 10 10 25

La

ha¹


Product Data

Spigot-spigot-flange tees

Product Code DN h

(mm)L

(mm)a

(mm)a1

(mm)W

(kg)

78651 100 x 80 178 432 8 8 10

78911 100 x 100 178 432 8 8 25

78939 150 x 100 203 432 9 8 32

78948 150 x 150 203 432 9 9 33

78998 200 x 100 241 457 10 8 44

79000 200 x 150 241 482 9 10 -

79018 200 x 200 241 534 10 10 65

78653 225 x 100 254 457 10 8 -

78655 225 x 150 254 457 10 9 -

78657 225 x 200 254 534 10 10 -

78659 225 x 225 254 558 10 10 -

78660 250 x 100 267 457 10 8 -

78661 250 x 150 267 534 10 9 -

78662 250 x 200 267 558 10 10 -

78664 250 x 225 267 558 10 10 -

78665 250 x 250 267 610 10 10 -

78666 300 x 100 305 457 11 8 -

78668 300 x 150 305 610 11 9 -

78670 300 x 200 305 636 11 10 -

78672 300 x 225 305 636 11 10 -

78674 300 x 250 305 636 11 10 -

78676 300 x 300 305 660 11 11 -

78678 375 x 100 305 559 12 8 -

78680 375 x 150 305 559 12 9 -

78682 375 x 200 356 736 12 10 -

78684 375 x 225 356 736 12 10 -

78686 375 x 250 356 736 12 10 -

78688 375 x 300 356 736 12 11 -

78690 375 x 375 356 812 12 12 -

La

ha¹T

D


Product Data

Flange-flange-flange tees

Product Code DN h

(mm)L total(mm)

a(mm)

a1(mm)

No. of Holes

D(mm)

A(mm)

W (kg)

78899 80 x 80 6 6 4 185 18 5

78906 100 x 80 178 356 8 8 4 215 23 25

78306 100 x 100 178 356 8 8 4 215 23 -

78691 150 x 80 9 8 8 280 24 -

78319 150 x 100 203 406 9 8 8 280 24 30

78949 150 x 150 203 406 9 9 8 280 24 25

78692 200 x 80 10 8 8 335 32 -

78999 200 x 100 241 484 10 8 8 335 32 25

79009 200 x 150 241 484 10 9 8 335 32 80

79019 200 x 200 241 484 10 10 8 335 32 -

79038 225 x 100 254 508 10 8 8 370 33 -

78406 225 x 150 254 508 10 9 8 370 33 65

78696 225 x 200 254 508 10 10 8 370 33 -

78422 225 x 225 254 508 10 10 8 370 33 -

78699 250 x 100 267 534 10 8 8 405 38 85

78447 250 x 150 267 534 10 9 8 405 38 -

78702 250 x 200 267 534 10 10 8 405 38 -

78704 250 x 225 267 534 10 10 8 405 38 -

79124 250 x 250 267 534 10 10 8 405 38 94

78707 300 x 100 305 610 11 8 12 455 32 50

78708 300 x 150 305 610 11 9 12 455 32 -

78710 300 x 200 305 610 11 10 12 455 32 -

78712 300 x 225 305 610 11 10 12 455 32 -

78714 300 x 250 305 610 11 10 12 455 32 -

79199 300 x 300 305 610 11 11 12 455 32 -

78717 375 x 100 356 738 11 11 12 550 42 -

78719 375 x 150 356 738 12 9 12 550 42 -

78721 375 x 200 356 738 12 10 12 550 42 -

78723 375 x 225 356 738 12 10 12 550 42 -

78725 375 x 250 356 738 12 10 12 550 42 -

78727 375 x 300 356 738 12 11 12 550 42 -

78729 375 x 375 356 738 - 12 12 550 42 -

ha¹

aL


Product Data

Scour tees socket-socket-flange

Product Code DN a

(mm)a1

(mm)h

(mm)L

(mm)

f - socket (mm)

No. of Holes

D(mm)

A(mm)

L1 total (mm)

W (kg)

79605 100 x 80 8 8 200 200 120 4 215 23 440 30

79615 150 x 80 9 8 225 210 128 8 280 24 466 33

79635 200 x 80 10 8 250 210 150 8 335 32 510 46

79665 225 x 100 10 8 265 240 160 8 370 33 560 55

79675 250 x 100 10 8 280 240 160 8 405 35 560 56

79683 300 x 100 11 8 310 240 170 12 455 32 580 86

78730 300 x 150 - - - - 170 12 455 32 - -

79705 375 x 150 12 9 375 310 190 12 550 42 690 134

Note: Scour Tees 200mm and below require an 80mm Sluice Valve Fl-Fl to complete the assembly, sizes 225mm and above require a 100mm Sluice Valve.

Hydrant branch tees socket-spigot-flange

Product CodePN16

SUPERLINK®DN a

(mm)a1

(mm)c

(mm)h

(mm)L

(mm)W

(kg)

79307 100 x 80 8 8 105 195 310 20.8

79317 150 x 80 9 8 105 225 310 36.8

79327 200 x 80 10 8 105 250 325 40

77592 100 x 80 8 8 105 195 310 11.5

77594 150 x 80 8 8 105 225 310 15.8

77696 200 x 80 10 8 105 250 325 40

78732 100 x 80 8 8 105 195 310 -

78733 150 x 80 9 8 105 225 310 10

78734 200 x 80 10 8 105 250 325 10

L

a

h

a¹

ff

La

ha¹

ff

T

D


Product Data

Socket-socket tapers

Tapers

Product CodePN35

SUPERLINK®DN a

(mm)a1

(mm)L1

(mm)L total (mm) f - socket W

(kg)

79747 150 x 100 9 8 170 426 128 16

79756 200 x 100 10 8 295 595 150 49

79766 200 x 150 10 9 170 470 150 28

79776 225 x 100 10 8 365 685 160 34

79786 225 x 150 10 9 235 555 160 31

79796 225 x 200 10 10 110 430 160 62

79806 250 x 100 10 8 425 745 160 75

79816 250 x 150 10 9 300 620 160 68

79826 250 x 200 10 10 175 495 160 68

79836 250 x 225 10 10 115 435 160 68

79844 300 x 100 11 8 555 875 160 67.4

79849 300 x 150 11 9 425 765 170 88

79856 300 x 200 11 10 300 640 170 90

79866 300 x 225 11 10 240 580 170 75

79876 300 x 250 11 10 180 520 170 98

78737 375 x 100 - - - - 190 -

78738 375 x 200 12 10 495 875 190 80

78740 375 x 225 12 10 435 815 190 178

79916 375 x 250 12 10 375 755 190 25

81649 375 x 300 12 11 245 625 190 40

81636 450 x 100 - - - 380 190

81638 450 x 200 - - - - - -

81640 450 x 225 - - - - - -

81642 450 x 250 13 10 565 - - -

81644 450 x 300 13 11 435 - - -

81646 450 x 375 13 12 250 - - -

Spigot-spigot tapers

Product CodePN35

SUPERLINK®DN a

(mm)a1

(mm)L1

(mm)S

(mm)L total (mm)

W (kg)

78742 150 x 100 9 8 170 100 370 -

78743 200 x 100 10 8 295 115 525 -

78744 200 x 150 10 9 170 115 400 -

Flange-flange eccentric tapers

Product CodePN16

SUPERLINK®DN a

(mm)a1

(mm)L1

(mm)No. of Holes

D(mm)

A(mm)

L total (mm)

W (kg)

78745 100 x 80 8 8 165 4 215 23 211 10

78746 150 x 80 9 8 298 8 280 24 346 10

78747 150 x 100 9 8 235 8 280 24 283 16

78748 200 x 100 10 8 368 8 335 32 432 -

78749 200 x 150 10 9 248 8 335 32 312 -

adaD

Lf f

L

D

A

DN Dn

a¹a


Product Data

Flange-flange concentric tapers

Product CodePN16

SUPERLINK®DN a

(mm)a1

(mm)L3

(mm)No. of Holes

D(mm)

A(mm)

L total (mm)

W (kg)

79736 100 x 80 8 8 165 4 215 23 211 25

78750 150 x 100 9 8 235 8 280 24 283 -

78751 200 x 100 10 8 368 8 335 32 432 20

78752 200 x 150 10 9 248 8 335 32 312 -

78753 225 x 100 10 8 432 8 370 33 498 -

78755 225 x 150 10 9 311 8 370 33 377 -

78757 225 x 200 10 10 190 8 370 33 256 -

78759 250 x 100 10 8 495 8 405 38 571 -

78761 250 x 150 10 9 375 8 405 38 451 -

78763 250 x 200 10 10 254 8 405 38 330 -

78764 250 x 225 10 10 190 8 405 38 266 -

78766 300 x 100 11 8 629 12 455 32 693 -

78768 300 x 150 11 9 508 12 455 32 572 -

78770 300 x 200 11 10 387 12 455 32 451 -

78772 300 x 225 11 10 324 12 455 32 388 -

78774 300 x 250 11 10 260 12 455 32 324 -

78776 375 x 100 12 8 - 12 525 42 84 -

78778 375 x 200 12 10 584 12 525 42 668 -

78780 375 x 225 12 10 521 12 525 42 605 -

78782 375 x 250 12 10 457 12 525 42 541 -

78784 375 x 300 12 11 337 12 525 42 421 40

78786 450 x 100 13 8 - - 640 45 90 -

78788 450 x 200 - - - - 640 45 90 -

78790 450 x 225 13 10 - - 640 45 90 -

78792 450 x 250 13 10 660 12 640 45 750 -

78794 450 x 300 13 11 540 12 640 45 630 -

78796 450 x 375 13 12 356 12 640 45 446 -

L

D

A

DNDn

a¹a


Product Data

Socket-socket connector

Connectors

Product CodePN 16

SUPERLINK®

Product CodePN35

SUPERLINK® II

DN a(mm)

f- Socket(mm)

L1(mm)

W (kg)

80216 100 8 120 255 12

80226 150 9 128 271 18

80246 200 10 150 315 32

77641 100 8 120 255 12

77643 150 9 128 271 25

77648 200 10 150 315 28

80256 225 10 160 335 38

80266 250 10 160 335 -

80276 300 11 170 355 47

78833 375 12 190 395 -

78834 450 13 - 15 -

80255 225 10 160 335 -

Socket-flange connector

Product CodePN35

SUPERLINK®

Product CodePN35

SUPERLINK® II

DN a(mm)

f- Socket(mm)

L1(mm)

W (kg)

80095 80 8 - 15 25

80106 100 8 120 255 12

80116 150 9 128 271 17

80136 200 10 150 315 28

77632 100 8 120 255 7.1

77633 150 9 128 271 17

77634 200 10 150 315 28

80146 225 10 160 335 40

80156 250 10 160 335 50

80166 300 11 170 355 60

78835 375 12 190 395 79.4

78836 450 13 - - -

80144 225 10 160 335 40

L

f

DN

f

a

L

DN

f

D

aA


Product Data

Flange-spigot connectors

Ready Tap Connectors

Product CodePN35

SUPERLINK®

Product CodePN16

SUPERLINK® II

DN a(mm)

S - spigot(mm)

L1 (total) (mm)

No. of Holes

D(mm)

A(mm)

80149 225 10 115 230 8 370 33

80159 250 10 115 230 8 405 38

80169 300 11 115 255 12 455 32

78838 375 12 140 280 12 550 42

78839 450 13 140 280 12 640 45

77639 225 10 115 230 8 370 33

Product CodePN16

SUPERLINK®

Product CodePN35

SUPERLINK® II

DN W (kg)

81240 100 x 4 x 20 Outlets 12

81243 100 x 4 x 25 Outlets -

78840 100 x 1 x 50 Outlets 10

81242 150 x 4 x 20 Outlets 12

81244 150 x 4 x 25 Outlets -

78841 150 x 1 x 50 Outlets -

81472 - -

77649 100 x 4 x 20 Outlets 7.62

80217 100 x 1 x 50 Outlets 12

77650 150 x 4 x 20 Outlets 7.62

80227 150 x 1 x 50 Outlets 12

DN

AL

D

a

150°L

L3

L2

DN


Product Data

Flex and Uni Couplings

Product Code Description DN W (kg)

80338 80 Uni-coup (84-106) SS NC 80 10

80366 100 VX FLEX (109-133) SS NC 100 12

80353 150 VX FLEX (157-183) SS NC 150 23

80370 200 VX FLEX (218-242) SS NC 200 19

80391 225 Uni-coup (242-268) SS NC 225 54

80413 250 Uni-coup (266-292) SS NC 250 60

80421 300 Uni-coup (324-350) SS NC 300 69

80440 375 Uni-coup (410-436) SS NC 375 5

Varigib Couplings

Product Code DN W (kg)

80337 80 -

80357 100 12

80365 150 9.5

80379 200 15

80398 225 3

80414 250 60

80419 300 69

End Caps

Product Code DN a(m) L(mm) C (height

mm) W (kg)

80548 100 8 120 150 8

80553 150 9 120 200 11

80560 200 10 130 260 18

80567 225 10 130 285 25

80574 250 10 130 315 32

80581 300 11 130 370 38

80586 375 12 165 465 96

78842 450 13 165 545 5

Tapped End Caps

Product Code DN a

(mm)L

(mm)C

(height mm)W

(kg)

87575 100 8 135 150 3

78843 100 8 135 150 10

DN

L

a

D

DN

a

L

D


Product Data

Blank Flanges

Product Code DN B

(mm)No. of Holes

D(mm)

A(mm) W (kg)

80590 80 108 4 185 18 8

80591 80 x 50 108 4 185 18 8

80595 80 x 25 108 4 185 18 8

80593 100 138 4 215 23 10

80596 100 x 50 138 4 215 23 10

80594 150 192 4 280 24 12

78844 200 248 8 335 32 10

78845 225 277 8 370 33 10

Hydrant Risers

Product Code DN y (width)

(mm) L(mm) W (kg)

80811 80 x 100 106 100 7

80821 80 x 150 106 150 8

80831 80 x 225 106 225 9

80841 80 x 300 106 300 10

80851 80 x 375 106 375 11

80861 80 x 450 106 450 13

80867 80 x 600 106 600 15

78852 80 x 150 106 150 10

80894 100 x 100 122 375 8.5

80895 100 x 150 122 450 8

80901 100 x 225 122 525 10

80903 100 x 300 122 600 10

80905 100 x 375 122 - 10

80907 100 x 450 122 - 10

80909 100 x 600 122 - 10

80920 100 x 300 122 - 11

D

B

A

DN

a

y

L


Product Data

Tapping Bands

Tapping Bands - Ductile Iron for Series 1 PVCPRODUCT

CODE DN OFFTAKE TAPPING BSP PACK QTY W

(kg)

77479 150 3/4” 1 6.06

77480 150 1” 1 5.96

77481 150 1 1/4” 1 6.06

77482 150 1 1/2” 1 6.31

77483 150 2” 1 6.01

Tapping BandsGunmetal for Series 1 PVC

PRODUCT CODE DN PACK QTY

77384 100 x 20 1

77386 100 x 25 1

77388 100 x 32 1

77390 100 x 40 1

77392 100 x 50 1

77398 150 x 20 1

77400 150 x 25 1

77403 150 x 32 1

77404 150 x 40 1

77406 150 x 50 1

77420 200 x 20 1

77422 200 x 25 1

77424 200 x 32 1

77426 200 x 40 1

77428 200 x 50 1

81648 225 x 20 1

77435 225 x 25 1

77436 225 x 32 1

77439 225 x 40 1

77440 225 x 50 1

77446 250 x 20 1

77450 250 x 25 1

77454 250 x 32 1

77455 250 x 40 1

77452 250 x 50 1

78888 300 x 20 1

78889 300 x 25 1

78890 300 x 32 1

78891 300 x 40 1

77464 300 x 50 1

PRODUCT CODE DN PACK QTY W (kg)

77385 100 x 20 1

77387 100 x 25 1

77389 100 x 32 1

77391 100 x 40 1

77393 100 x 50 1

77399 150 x 20 1

77401 150 x 25 1

77408 150 x 32 1

77402 150 x 40 1

77407 150 x 50 1

77421 200 x 20 1

77423 200 x 25 1

77425 200 x 32 1

77427 200 x 40 1

77429 200 x 50 1

77433 225 x 20 1

77434 225 x 25 1

77437 225 x 32 1

77438 225 x 40 1 8

77442 225 x 50 1 8

77445 250 x 20 1

78892 250 x 25 1 10

78893 250 x 32 1

78894 250 x 40 1

77453 250 x 50 1

78895 300 x 20 1

77460 300 x 25 1 4.67

78896 300 x 32 1

78897 300 x 40 1

78898 300 x 50 1

85121 375 x 20 1

85122 375 x 25 1

85123 375 x 32 1

85124 375 x 40 1

85125 375 x 50 1 10

Tapping Bands - Gunmetal for Series 2 PVC


Product Data

Hydrants and Valves

Spring Hydrants


80940 80 14

80954 100 14

Swash Hydrants


80940 80 14

80954 100 14

Hydrant Temporary End

NOTE: Nylon coated.


78853 100 10

78854 150 1

78855 200 1

Hydrant Dust Cap

Product Code W (kg)

80968 5

Shutoff Paddle - Stainless Steel

Product Code DN W(kg)

78856 100 10

78857 150 10

78858 200 10

Hydrant Landing Valve


80963 65 5

NOTE: Includes Cap and Chain - Qld Round Thread

Hydrant - Pillar Dual Outlet


80958 100 5

Hydrant - Plastic Cap & Chain


Q0341 QRT 65 1


Product Data

Sluice and Gate Valves and Accessories

Sluice Valves Resilient Seated, Flange - Flange PN 16


81452 80 27

81600 225 15

81635 250 145

81710 300 367

78872 375

78873 450

81467 80 27

81601 225 90

81559 225 85

81675 250 125

81560 250 145

81711 300 168

81561 300 192

81727 375

81726 375 25

78874 450 750

NOTE: Manufactured to AS2638.2

Sluice Valves Resilient Seated, Socket - Socket PN 16Product

Code DN W (kg)

81450 80

81651 225 10

81666 250 263

81685 300 3

78875 375 1

78876 450 240

80951 80 31

81592 225 85

81556 225 85

81667 250 145

81557 250 145

81700 300 192

81558 300 192

81725 375 25

78877 450

Sluice Valves Resilient Seated, Spigot - Spigot PN 16


81504 100 25

81544 150 55

81506 100 41

81547 150

NOTE: Manufactured to AS2638.2


Product Data

Sluice Valves Resilient Seated, Socket - Flange PN 16


81576 100 26.3

81577 150 51.2

Brass Gate Valves

Product Code Description DN W (kg)

81473 Brass Gate Valve FI “T” Handle BSP 25 1

81461 Brass Gate Valve FI “T” Handle BSP 50 2

81295 Brass Gate Valve FI Hand Wheel BSP 40 2

81345 Brass Gate Valve FI Hand Wheel BSP 50 0

Valve Extension Spindles

Product Code Length W (kg)

81773 150 25

81781 300 2

81772 375 21

Q4745 450 1

Q4744 600 1

NOTE: Cast DI/ Nylon Coated

Valve Extension Spindles (Fabricated)


Q4754 650 1

Q4746 750 1

Q4942 1000 1

Valve Retainer Straps - Stainless Steel


77540 100 4

77539 150 6

81403 200 0.6

81404 225 0.6

81406 250 0.6


Product Data


77540 100 4

77539 150 6

81403 200 0.6

81404 225 0.6

81406 250 0.6

Ferrules and Ball Valves

Ferrules - Standard

Ferrules - TPFNR (Plain)

Product Code DN (a)mm

W (kg)

81200 20 0

81205 25 0

81210 32 0

81650 40 10

78101 50 1


W (kg)

81201 20 0.9

81204 25 1.2

78846 32 0

Ferrules - TPFNR (Complete with Bonnet)


W (kg)

81653 20 10

81654 25 10

81655 32 10

81207 40 0.3

81208 50 0.3

Ferrules - TPFNR (Complete with Bonnet and Poly Outlet)


W (kg)

81265 20 x 25 1.45

81266 25 x 32 1.75

81269 50 x 63 1

Ferrules - Bend (MI BSP)


W (kg)

81225 20 0

81230 25 0

81238 32 0

81231 40 0.3

81232 50 0.3

Ferrules - TPFNR (Compression)


W (kg)

78847 20 0

78848 25 0

78849 32 0

78850 40 1


Product Data

Ball Valves

Product Code Description W (kg)

82056 KIT 20 PE Connection (VIC) 0.5

81396 Main 20 MI - 25 PE Valve 0.5

78886 20 R/Angle 10

81394 Service Conn Kit (QLD) 1

81333 20 DZR Brass Ball Valve PE-FI Plasson Nut 0.15

81334 20 DZR Brass Ball Valve PE-MI Plasson Nut 0.15

Ball Valve Cover

Product Code W (kg)

81013 1

Air Valves

Air Release Valves - Water

Product Code Description DN Type W (kg)

80986 Automatic BSPM Plastic 25 Double ARV 1-A 0.3

80985 Automatic BSPM Plastic 50 Double ARV 2-KA 1.5

81910 Automatic BSPM Automatic Bronze Body 50 Double ARV 2-B-KA 35

81905 Kinetic BSPM Plastic 25 Single ARV 1-K 5

81076 Kinetic BSPM Plastic 50 Single ARV 2-K 1

81080 16 BAR - Iron, FBE Coated 50 MPC-SH-050-16 11.3









Air Release Valves - Stainless Steel Body For Sewerage


81088 S/S, Combined, Fl or BSP 50 ARV-3-N-050-T/D 2




Product Data

Surface Fittings and Boxes

Covers, Surrounds and Plastic Surface Boxes


81023 Valve Surround Collar Plastic 3

81028 Valve Surround Collar Concrete 5

81031 Hydrant Surround Collar Plastic 4.6

81029 Hydrant Surround Collar Concrete 5

81063 Valve/Hydrant Cover Grey 2

81062 Valve/Hydrant Kit Base Plate 5

81067 Valve Cover Kit Grey - Gold Coast CC 15

81069 Hydrant Cover Kit Grey - Gold Coast CC 15

81004 Valve Box Poly & Blue Lid - CROWS NEST 1

81073 Hydrant Box Poly & Yellow Lid - CROWS NEST 1

80978 Valve Box Poly & Purple Lid - GCCC 8

80977 Hydrant Box Poly & Purple Lid - GCCC 8

78860 Hydrant Surround Collar Concrete - Victoria 1

78859 Valve Surround Collar Concrete - Victoria 10

81032 Hydrant Box & Surround POT - Sydney 19.6

81033 Valve Box & Surround POT - Sydney 15.6

81034 Hydrant Box & Surround REC - Sydney 10

81035 DI Hydrant Flange - Heavy Duty 6.1

81036 Valve Box & Surround REC - Sydney 10

81037 Hydrant Box & Surround POT - Gosford 10

81038 Valve Box & Surround POT - Gosford 10

81043 DI Shroud Collar 5

Meter Box


81468 Black Poly Meter Box 1

60114 Poly Meter Box Black/Green Lid 1

Surface Box - Valves


82061 Surround - Recycled Plastics 1

81053 Recycled Plastics - Metro (Grey) 7

81054 Recycled Plastics - Regional Hinged Lid (Grey) 11

81052 Recycled Plastics - Regional Hinged Lid (Yellow) 11

81058 Flushing Assembly Box 4

81059 Flushing Assembly Box Lid 1.5


Product Data

Surface Box - Hydrants


81056 Hydrant Pit Collared - PE 6

81057 Hydrant Pit Lid - PE 2

81055 Recycled Plastics - Regional Hinged Lid 12

71480 Street Chamber Pit 21

78884 Light Duty Street Chamber Lids 10

78885 140mm Concrete Spacer 10

Cast Iron Boxes


80981 Hydrant Box c/w Lid 32

80979 Hydrant Box 5

81015 Hydrant Box Lid “FH” (BCC) 6.5

80990 Hydrant Box Lid “FH” 5

81006 Hydrant Box Lid “AV” 2

80991 Hydrant Box Lid “SV” 1.5

80982 Valve Box c/w Lid 25

81002 Hyd. Box Lid Blank 30

78865 Fireplug Cover c/w Lid 10

78866 Fireplug Lid Only 1

80984 Valve Cover c/w Lid 32

78867 Valve Lid Only 1

78868 Cover Access - Hinged Meter 10

78869 Cover Access - Hydrant 10

78870 Cover Access - Stop Tap 1

78871 Cover Access - Sluice Valve 10

Marker Posts


80755 Wooden Marker Post Yellow 1200x100x50 4

80763 Wooden Marker Post White 1200x100x50

80814 Wooden Marker Post Yellow 1500x125x50 5

80813 Wooden Marker Post White 1500x125x50 5

82060 Marker Post White SV/FP 3

82059 Hydrant - Post Red Top 45o 3

81065 Hydrant - Post Metal Yellow 1

81066 Valve - Post Metal Blue 2

85186 Scour Valve - White 3

85185 Air Valve - White 3

85187 Bend - White 3


Product Data

Marker Plates

Product Code Description Marking W (kg)

80746 Marker Plate Scour Valve B/W “S” 1

80747 Marker Plate Fire Hydrant (BCC) “HP” 1

80753 Marker Plate Fire Hydrant B/W “H” 1

80756 Marker Plate Air Valve “A” 1

80761 Marker Plate Sluice Valve B/W “V” 1

80762 Marker Plate Fire Hydrant B/Y “H” 1

Kerb Markers


80745 Brass Kerb Marker Side Drain “SD” 0.05

80760 Brass Kerb Marker Telstra “T” 0.1

80765 Brass Kerb Marker Electricity “E” 0.1

80766 Brass Kerb Marker Water “W” 0.1

80767 Brass Kerb Marker Sewer “S” 0.1

Marker Plates - NSW


82062 Marker Plate 75 x 125 “H” 0.1

82063 Marker Plate 75 x 125 “SV” 0.1

82064 Marker Plate 75 x 250 “ScV” 0.1

82065 Marker Plate 75 x 250 “AV” 0.1

82066 Marker Plate 75 x 250 “HP” 0.1

82067 Marker Plate 75 x 250 “HR” 0.1

82068 Marker Plate 75 x 300 “RSV” 0.1

82069 Marker Plate 75 x 300 “RHP” 0.1

82070 Marker Plate 75 x 300 “RHR” 0.1

82071 Marker Plate 75 x 300 “RAV” 0.1

82072 Marker Plate 75 x 300 “RScV” 0.1

Road Reflectors


79372 Yellow Triangular Pavement Marker 0.01

79374 Hydrant Blue 1

79375 Valve Yellow 1

79376 Bitumen Adhesive Patch 1


Product Data

Ancilliary Products

Marker Tapes - Detectable

Product Code Colour Size / Marking W (kg)

59025 BLUE 100 x 250m - Drinking Water Below 5

84618 BUFF 100 x 250m - Sewer Below 5

84619 GREEN 100 x 250m - Watermain Below 5

84620 PURPLE 100 x 250m - Recycled Watermain Below 5

Gasket, Nuts & Bolts Set - Galvanized Table C

Brass Plugs

Thread Seal Tape

Thrust Restraints


82058 Thrust Block - Recycled Plastic 2

82057 Wedge - Recycled Plastic 1

Product Code Description

81792 Thread Tape


81041 20mm Brass Plug

81042 25mm Brass Plug

Product Code DN (mm)

80770 80 16 x 65

80772 100 16 x 65

80775 150 16 x 75

80776 200 16 x 75

80777 225 16 x 75

80778 250 20 x 90

80779 300 20 x 90

80785 375 24 x 100

NOTE: Comprising required number of Nuts, Bolts and Washers as per Class 16 of AS4087.


Product Data

Ductile Rubber Rings - Series 1

Nickel Anti-Seize

Gasket, Nuts & Bolts Set - Stainless Steel

Product Code DN (mm)

80771 80 16 x 65

*80812 80 16 x 75

80773 100 16 x 65

80774 150 16 x 75

80768 200 16 x 75

80787 225 16 x 75

80769 250 20 x 90

80793 300 20 x 90

80781 375 24 x 100

*Scour NOTE: Comprising required number of Nuts, Bolts and Washers as per Class 16 of AS4087.


82351 5ml cw Brush

Product Code DN

82686 100

82687 150

86288 200

82690 225

82689 250

82691 300

85166 375

Ductile Rubber Rings - Series 2

Product Code DN

82692 100

82694 150

82698 200

82699 225

82700 250

82710 300

85167 375

85168 450


Product Data

Meter Stop Tap

Easy Chamfer

Ratchet Spanner - M24 & M19

South Australian Boundary Connections - Copper Inlet Riser

Puddle Flanges

DI Pipe Sleeving

Ductile Iron Pipe

Product Code DN Class W (kg)

81809 100 PN35 135

81756 100 Flange Class

81812 150 PN35 212

81798 150 Flange Class 212

81834 200 PN35 326

81832 200 Flange Class

Product Code Size / Colour Length W (kg)

81768 100mm Blue 30 Lengths/roll 8.5



Product Code DN

Q4463 100 Puddle Flange

81416 150 Puddle Flange

79597 100 x 2500 Lg Fl - Sp Pipe cw PUDFL

Product Code DN

85169 20

85170 40

Product Code Size

99398 M24 & M19


69477 Easy Chamfer Tool

Water MetersProduct Code DN Description

Q4846 20 BCC M160 Manifold Meter

Q4844 25 BCC V100 DCV Water Meter

Q4845 32 BCC V100 DCV Water Meter


78887 25 R/Angle

Documents

VIN014 PVC Technical Manual 2011