Vikram Cloud - Copy

8/8/2019 Vikram Cloud - Copy

1/21

Cloud Computing Dept. Of Information Science

ABSTRACT

Cloud computing promises to increase the velocity with which applicationsare deployed, increase innovation, and lower costs, all while increasing

business agility. Sun takes an inclusive view o n cloud computing that allowsit to support every accept, including the server, storage, network, andvirtualization technology that drives cloud computing environments to the soatware that runs in virtual appliances that can be used to assembleapplications in minimal time. This white paper discusses how cloudcomputing trans f orms the way we design, build, and deliver applications,and the architectural considerations that enterprises must make whenadopting and using cloud computing technology

N.V.POLYTECHNICGULBARGA

1


2/21


INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION2. HISTORY

3. ARCHITECTURE4. CLOUD COMPUTING IS BROKEN DOWN INTO THREE

SEGMENTS5. Cloud Computing Segments6. Who is offering On Demand Software?7. Who is offering Traditional Software?8. Platforms9. Infrastructure10. KEY FEATURES11.CLOUD COMPUTING DERIVES CHARACTERISTICS12.CLOUD COMPUTING TYPES13. RESEARCH14. Traditional software producers15. Internet-based companies16. Software/Hardware and Services companies

17. RESEARCH


2


3/21


INTRODUCTION

Cloud computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remoteservers to maintain data and applications. Cloud computing allows consumersand businesses to use applications without installation and access their personalfiles at any computer with internet access. This technology allows for muchmore efficient computing by centralizing storage, memory, processing and

bandwidth.

A simple example of cloud computing is Yahoo email or Gmail etc. Youdont need a software or a server to use them. All a consumer would need is

just an internet connection and you can start sending emails.

The server and email management software is all on the cloud (internet)and is totally managed by the cloud service provider Yahoo, Google etc. Theconsumer gets to use the software alone and enjoy the benefits.

The analogy is, 'If you only need milk, would you buy a cow?' All theusers or consumers need is to get the benefits of using the software or hardware of the computer like sending emails etc. Just to get this benefit (milk)why should a consumer buy a (cow) software /hardware?


3


4/21


Cloud computing is Internet -based computing , whereby shared resources,software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand,like the electricity grid .

Cloud computing is a paradigm shift following the shift from mainframe toclientserver in the early 1980s. Details are abstracted from the users, who nolonger have need for expertise in, or control over, the technology infrastructure "inthe cloud" that supports them.

Cloud computing describes a new supplement, consumption, and deliverymodel for IT services based on the Internet, and it typically involves over-the-Internet provision of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources. It is a

byproduct and consequence of the ease-of-access to remote computing sites provided by the Internet. This frequently takes the form of web-based tools or applications that users can access and use through a web browser as if it were a

program installed locally on their own computer..

NIST provides a somewhat more objective and specific definition here . Theterm "cloud" is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the cloud drawingused in the past to represent the telephone network, and later to depict the Internetin computer network diagrams as an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it


4
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_gridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm_shifthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%E2%80%93serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NISThttp://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network_diagramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cloud_computing.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_gridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm_shifthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%E2%80%93serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NISThttp://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network_diagramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction


5/21


represents. Typical cloud computing providers deliver common businessapplications online that are accessed from another Web service or software like aWeb browser , while the software and data are stored on servers . A key element of cloud computing is customization and the creation of a user-defined experience.

Most cloud computing infrastructures consist of services deliveredthrough common centers and built on servers. Clouds often appear as single

points of access for all consumers' computing needs. Commercial offerings aregenerally expected to meet quality of service (QoS) requirements of customers,and typically include SLAs . The major cloud service providers includeMicrosoft ,Salesforce , Sky tap , HP, IBM,


5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_level_agreementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salesforcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skytaphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_level_agreementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salesforcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skytaphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM


6/21


2. HISTORY

The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to 1960s,when John McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be organized as a

public utility ".

The actual term "cloud" borrows from telephony in thattelecommunications companies, who until the 1990s primarily offered dedicated

point-to-point data circuits, began offering Virtual Private Network (VPN)

services with comparable quality of service but at a much lower cost.

By switching traffic to balance utilization as they saw fit they were able toutilize their overall network bandwidth more effectively. The cloud symbol wasused to denote the demarcation point between that which was the responsibilityof the provider from that of the user. Cloud computing extends this boundary tocover servers as well as the network infrastructure.

Amazon played a key role in the development of cloud computing bymodernizing their data centers after the dot-com bubble , which, like mostcomputer networks , were using as little as 10% of their capacity at any one time

just to leave room for occasional spikes. Having found that the new cloudarchitecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements wherebysmall, fast-moving "two-pizza teams" could add new features faster and easier,Amazon started providing access to their systems through Amazon Web Service(AWS) on a utility computing basis in 2006.

In 2007, Google , IBM, and a number of universities embarked on alarge scale cloud computing research project.

In early 2008, Eucalyptus became the first open source AWS APIcompatible platform for deploying private clouds. By mid-2008, Gartner saw anopportunity for cloud computing "to shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them, and observedthat "organizations are switching from company-owned hardware and software


6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Private_Networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Web_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Web_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Private_Networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Web_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Web_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus_(computing)


7/21


assets to per-use service-based models" so that the "projected shift to cloudcomputing ... will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas andsignificant reductions in other areas."

3. ARCHITECTURE

Cloud architecture , the systems architecture of the software systems

involved in the delivery of cloud computing , typically involves multiplecloud components communicating with each other over application programming interfaces , usually web services .

This resembles the Unix philosophy of having multiple programseach doing one thing well and working together over universal interfaces.Complexity is controlled and the resulting systems are more manageablethan their monolithic counterparts.

The two most significant components of cloud computing architectureare known as the front end and the back end . The front end is the part seen

by the client, i.e. the computer user. This includes the clients network (or computer) and the applications used to access the cloud via a user interfacesuch as Internet Explorer. The back end of the cloud computing architecture


7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolithic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CloudComputingSampleArchitecture.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolithic_system


8/21


is the cloud itself, comprising various computers, servers and data storage

devices.

4. CLOUD COMPUTING IS BROKEN DOWN INTO THREESEGMENTS:

1. Applications2. Platforms3. Infrastructure .

Each segment serves a different purpose and offers different products for businesses and individuals around the world. In June 2009, astudy conducted by Version One found that 41% of senior IT professionals

actually don't know what cloud computing is and two-thirds of senior finance professionals are confused by the concept,[1] highlighting theyoung nature of the technology. In Sept 2009, an Aberdeen Group studyfound that disciplined companies achieved on average an 18% reduction intheir IT budget from cloud computing and a 16% reduction in data center

power costs.


8


9/21


5. Cloud Computing Segments

Applications: It's all On Demand

So far the applications segment of cloud computing is the onlysegment that has proven useful as a business model. The Cloud Wars: $100Billion at Stake, Published by Merrill Lynch, May 7, 2008 Byrunning business applications over the internet from centralized serversrather than from on-site servers, companys can cut some serious costs.Furthermore, while avoiding maintenance costs, licensing costs and thecosts of the hardware required to run servers on-site, companies are able torun applications much more efficiently from a computing standpoint.

On Demand software services come in a few different varieties which varyin their pricing scheme and how the software is delivered to the end users.In the past, the end-user would generally purchase a servers and is accessed

by the end user over the internet. While this is the most common platformfor On Demand software services, there are also some slightly differentofferings which can be described as a hybrid of these two platforms. For instance, a program through which the end user pays a license fee, but thenaccesses the software over the internet from centralized servers isconsidered a hybrid service.


9


10/21


6. Who is offering On Demand Software?

- The companies below are already established in the On-Demandsoftware or SaaS business. These companies charge their customers asubscription fee and in return host software on central servers that areaccessed by the end user via the internet.

o Salesforce.com (CRM)

o Google (GOOG)o NetSuite (N)o Taleo (TLEO)o Concur Technologies (CNQR)o Info Technologies (IT)o canadasoftware.net (nexgen)

7. Who is offering Traditional Software?

- The following companies have established themselves as traditionalsoftware providers. These companies sell licenses to their users, who thenrun the software from on premise servers.

o SAP AG (SAP)o Oracle (ORCL)o Blackbaud (BLKB)o Lawson Software (LWSN)o Blackboard (BBBB)


10


11/21


8. Platforms:

Many of the companies that started out providing On Demandapplication services have developed platform services as well. The platformsegment of cloud computing refers to products that are used to deployinternet. NetSuite, Amazon, Google, and Microsoft have also developed

platforms that allow users to access applications from centralized servers.

In July 2008, HP, Yahoo! (YHOO), and Intel (INTC) announced a joint cloud computing research project called the Cloud Computing TestBed. The companies are jointly designing and producing the internet basedtesting utilizing HP hardware and Intel processors.

Active platforms - The following companies are some that havedeveloped platforms that allow end users to access applications fromcentralized servers using the internet. Next to each company is the name of their platform.o Google (GOOG) - Apps Engineo Amazon.com (AMZN) - EC2o Microsoft (MSFT) - Windows Liveo Terremark Worldwide (TMRK) - The Enterprise Cloudo Salesforce.com (CRM) - Force.como NetSuite (N) - Suiteflexo Rackspace Cloud - cloudservers, cloudsites, cloudfileso Metrisoft - Metrisoft SaaS Platformo [1] - SUN Oracle direct link

9. Infrastructure:


11


12/21


The final segment in cloud computing, known as the infrastructure, isvery much the backbone of the entire concept. Infrastructure vendorsenvironments (such as Google gears) that allow users to build applications.Cloud storage, such as Amazon's S3, is also considered to be part of theinfrastructure segment.

9.1 Major Infrastructure Vendors - Below are companies that provideinfrastructure services:

o Google (GOOG) - Managed hosting, development environmento International Business Machines (IBM) - Managed hostingo SAVVIS (SVVS) - Managed hostingo Terremark Worldwide (TMRK) - Managed hostingo Amazon.com (AMZN) - Cloud storageo Rackspace Hosting (RAX) - Managed hosting & cloud

computing

10. KEY FEATURES


12


13/21


10.1 Agility :

Improves with users' ability to rapidly and inexpensively re- provision technological infrastructure resources.

10.2 Cost :

Is claimed to be greatly reduced and capital expenditure isconverted to operational expenditure . This ostensibly lowers barriers toentry , as infrastructure is typically provided by a third-party and does notneed to be purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive computingtasks. Pricing on a utility computing basis is fine-grained with usage-

based options and fewer IT skills are required for implementation (in-house). [

10.3 Device :

And location independence enable users to access systems

using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they areusing (e.g., PC, mobile). As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided

by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet, users can connect fromanywhere.

10.4 Multi-tenancy :N.V.POLYTECHNIC

GULBARGA

13
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_expenditurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_expenditurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barriers_to_entryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barriers_to_entryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multitenancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_expenditurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_expenditurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barriers_to_entryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barriers_to_entryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multitenancy


14/21


Enables sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of

users thus allowing for:10.5 Centralization of infrastructure in locations with lower costs (such asreal estate, electricity, etc.)10.6 Peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest

possible load-levels)10.7 Utilization and efficiency improvements for systems that are oftenonly 1020% utilized. [

10.8 Reliability :

Is improved if multiple redundant sites are used, which makeswell designed cloud computing suitable for business continuity anddisaster recovery .

Nonetheless, many major cloud computing services havesuffered outages, and IT and business managers can at times do littlewhen they are affected.

10.9 Scalability :

Via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on afine-grained, self-service basis near real-time, without users having toengineer for peak loads. Performance is monitored, and consistent andloosely coupled architectures are constructed using web services asthe system interface. One of the most important new methods for overcoming performance bottlenecks for a large class of applicationsis data parallel programming on a distributed data grid.


14
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_(computer_networking)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_continuityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster_recoveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_performancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_(computer_networking)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_continuityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster_recoveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_performancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_services


15/21


10.10 Security :

Could improve due to centralization of data. increasedsecurity-focused resources, etc., but concerns can persist about loss of control over certain sensitive data, and the lack of security for storedkernels. Security is often as good as or better than under traditionalsystems, in part because providers are able to devote resources tosolving security issues that many customers cannot afford. Providerstypically log accesses, but accessing the audit logs themselves can bedifficult or impossible. Furthermore, the complexity of security is

greatly increased when data is distributed over a wider area and / or number of devices

.

10.11 Maintenance :

Cloud computing applications are easier to maintain, sincethey don't have to be installed on each user's computer. They are easier to support and to improve since the changes reach the clients instantly.

10.12 Metering :

Cloud computing resources usage should be measurable andshould be metered per client and application on daily, weekly, monthly,and annual basis. This will enable clients on choosing the vendor cloudon cost and reliability (QoS).


15
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_loghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintenancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_loghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintenancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metering


16/21


11. CLOUD COMPUTING DERIVES CHARACTERISTICS

1. Autonomic computing "computer systems capable of self-management ".

2. Clientserver model Clientserver computing refers broadly to anydistributed application that distinguishes between service providers

(servers) and service requesters (clients).

3. Grid computing "a form of distributed computing and parallelcomputing , whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers acting in concert to perform verylarge tasks"

4. Mainframe powerful computers used mainly by largeorganizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such ascensus , industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning , andfinancial transaction processing .

5. Utility computing the "packaging of computing resources , such ascomputation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional publicutility , such as electricity ";


16
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-management_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-management_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loose_couplinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_Resource_Planninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-management_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-management_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loose_couplinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_Resource_Planninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity


17/21


6. Peer-to-peer a distributed architecture without the need for central

coordination, with participants being at the same time.

12. CLOUD COMPUTING TYPES

Public cloud

Public cloud or external cloud describes cloud computing in thetraditional mainstream sense, whereby resources are dynamically

provisioned on a fine-grained, self-service basis over the Internet, via web

applications /web services , from an off-site third-party provider who and bills on a fine-grained utility computing basis. [


17
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cloud_computing_types.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_computing


18/21


Community cloud

A community cloud may be established where several organizationshave similar requirements and seek to share infrastructure so as to realizesome of the benefits of cloud computing. With the costs spread over fewer users than a public cloud (but more than a single tenant) this option is moreexpensive but may offer a higher level of privacy, security and/or policycompliance. Examples of community cloud include Google' s "Gov Cloud".

Hybrid cloud

A hybrid cloud environment consisting of multiple internal and/or external providers will be typical for most enterprises". By integratingmultiple cloud services users may be able to ease the transition to publiccloud services while avoiding issues such as PCI compliance .

Another perspective on deploying a web application in the cloud isusing Hybrid Web Hosting, where the hosting infrastructure is a mix

between Cloud Hosting for the web server, and Managed dedicated server for the database server.

Private cloud

The concept of a Private Computer Utility was first described byDouglas Park hill in his 1966 book "The Challenge of the Computer Utility". The idea was based upon direct comparison with other industries(e.g. the electricity industry) and the extensive use of hybrid supply modelsto balance and mitigate risks.

Private cloud and internal cloud have been described as neologisms ,however the concepts itself pre-dates the term cloud by 40 years. Evenwithin modern utility industries, hybrid models still exist despite theformation of reasonably well functioning markets and the ability to combinemultiple providers.


18
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_Card_Industry_Data_Security_Standardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_Hostinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_dedicated_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neologismshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_Card_Industry_Data_Security_Standardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_Hostinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_dedicated_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neologisms


19/21


Some vendors have used the terms to describe offerings that emulate

cloud computing on private networks. These (typically virtualization automation ) products offer the ability to deliver some benefits of cloudcomputing whilst mitigating some of the pitfalls. These offerings capitalizeon data security, corporate governance, and reliability concerns during thistime of transition from a product to a functioning service based industrysupported by competitive marketplaces.

Traditional software producers that could have somecatching up to do if cloud computing ultimately wins outinclude:

o Oracle (ORCL)o SAP AG (SAP)o Blackbaud (BLKB)o Lawson Softwares (LWSN)

Internet-based companies that could gain from a shifttowards cloud computing include:

o NetCustomer(NCS)o Amazon.com (AMZN)o Yahoo! (YHOO)o Microsoft (MSFT)o Google (GOOG)o CISCO (CSCO)

Software Producers that could gain from a shift towardscloud computing include:

o NetSuite (N)o Salesforce.com (CRM)o Taleo (TLEO)o RightNow Technologies (RNOW)


19
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automationhttp://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Oracle_(ORCL)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/SAP_AG_(SAP)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Blackbaud_(BLKB)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Lawson_Softwares_(LWSN)?action=edithttp://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/NetCustomer(NCS)?action=edithttp://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Amazon.com_(AMZN)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Yahoo!_(YHOO)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Microsoft_(MSFT)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Google_(GOOG)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/CISCO_(CSCO)?action=edithttp://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/NetSuite_(N)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Salesforce.com_(CRM)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Taleo_(TLEO)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/RightNow_Technologies_(RNOW)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automationhttp://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Oracle_(ORCL)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/SAP_AG_(SAP)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Blackbaud_(BLKB)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Lawson_Softwares_(LWSN)?action=edithttp://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/NetCustomer(NCS)?action=edithttp://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Amazon.com_(AMZN)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Yahoo!_(YHOO)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Microsoft_(MSFT)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Google_(GOOG)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/CISCO_(CSCO)?action=edithttp://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/NetSuite_(N)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Salesforce.com_(CRM)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Taleo_(TLEO)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/RightNow_Technologies_(RNOW)


20/21


o Concur Technologies (CNQR)o

Omniture (OMTR)o Hyperico Quest Software (QSFT)o Disney (DIS)

Consulting/Software/Hardware and Services companies thatcould gain from a shift towards cloud computing include:

o IBM

RESEARCH

A number of universities, vendors and government organizations areinvesting in research around the topic of cloud computing.

Academic institutions include University of Melbourne (Australia),Georgia Tech, Yale, Wayne State, Virginia Tech, University of Wisconsin

Madison, Boston University, Carnegie Mellon, MIT, Indiana University,University of Massachusetts, University of Maryland, North Carolina State,Purdue, University of California, University of Washington, University of Virginia, University of Utah, University of Minnesota, among others.

Joint government, academic and vendor collaborative research projects include the IBM/Google Academic Cloud Computing Initiative(ACCI). In October 2007 IBM and Google announced the multi- university

project designed to enhance students' technical knowledge to address the

challenges of cloud computing.

In April 2009, the National Science Foundation joined the ACCI andawarded approximately $5 million in grants to 14 academic institutions.


20
http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Concur_Technologies_(CNQR)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Omniture_(OMTR)http://www.hyperic.com/http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Quest_Software_(QSFT)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Disney_(DIS)?action=edithttp://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_Foundationhttp://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Concur_Technologies_(CNQR)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Omniture_(OMTR)http://www.hyperic.com/http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Quest_Software_(QSFT)http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Disney_(DIS)?action=edithttp://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_Foundation


21/21


In July 2008, HP, Intel Corporation and Yahoo ! announced the

creation of a global, multi-data center, open source test bed, called OpenCirrus, designed to encourage research into all aspects of cloud computing,service and data center management.

Open Cirrus partners include the NSF, the University of Illinois(UIUC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, the Infocomm DevelopmentAuthority (IDA) of Singapore, the Electronics and TelecommunicationsResearch Institute (ETRI) in Korea, the Malaysian Institute for Microelectronic Systems(MIMOS), and the Institute for SystemProgramming at the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPRAS).

In July 2010, HP Labs India announced a new cloud-basedtechnology designed to simplify taking content and making it mobile-enabled, even from low-end devices. Called SiteonMobile, the newtechnology is designed for emerging markets where people are more likelyto access the internet via mobile phones rather than computers.


21
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo

Documents

Vikram Cloud - Copy