World War II Cloze NotesNeutrality

• _________________________ foreign policy after WWI

• 1934 – ______________________ Act

o Could not send ________________ to nations who ________________ on previous

war debts

• 1935 - ______________________________

o Prohibited sale of ______________ and _______________________ to nations at

war

• 1937 – _____________________________

o Forbade _______________ ____________________ from loaning

__________________ to ___________________ ___________________________

o Must purchase goods with __________________ and carry back on

_________________________

Lend-Lease Act

• 1941: ____________________ passes law to cancel the old “cash & carry” policy and

strengthen the “arsenal of democracy” by SENDING WEAPONS to “any country whose

defense was vital to the United States”

– $_______________billion worth of weapons

Axis Nations and leaders

• _________________ led by _____________________________

• _________________ led by _____________________________

• _________________ led by _____________________________

Allied Nations and leaders

• _________________ led by _____________________________

• _________________ led by _____________________________

• _________________ led by _____________________________

Pearl Harbor

• _________________________7, 1941

– ______________________ killed; 1,178 injured

– Much of ____________ Pacific navy fleet destroyed

• ___________ calls it “a date which will live in infamy”

• 94% of Americans had been __________________________________________ before the

attack in Hawaii

– After the attack, America changed its mind

• FDR DECLARES WAR ON _________________________________________(but has to

help Britain with Germany first)

Mobilization for WWII

• 5 million American ________________________________________

• Another 10 million _______________________________ (Selective Service)

• 18 million working in ________________________ industries

– Less than 25% hired African Americans

• Weekly paychecks rose ___________________%

• _____________________________________________________________ falls to 1.2%

Rationing

• Office of _______________________ Administration (OPA) set limits on prices, keeping

them ________________________ (slow down the inflation!)

• OPA also set up a system where households received

________________________________ coupons (c-books) to be used for buying such

scarce goods as ______________________, shoes, sugar, coffee, and

______________________________.

War-time Conversion

• War ______________________________________ Board (WPB) said which industries

would switch to wartime production

– Mechanical pencils turned out ________________________________ parts

– ____________________________________ maker made mosquito netting.

– Soft-drink company started filling ________________________________.

• WPB also set a list of conserved materials

– _________________________, tin, paper, cooking fat

A. Philip Randolph

• July 1, 1944 Randolph called for ___________________________________ to march at

Washington DC under this banner:

– “We Loyal Colored Americans Demand the Right to Work and Fight for Our

Country.”

• ______________backed down and issued an executive order making discrimination in

defense industrial hiring illegal

Japanese-American Internment

• In 1942, FDR ordered ________________________ of 110,000 Japanese-Americans to

“relocation centers” (prison camp)

– ____________________ were Nisei (born in US)

– $400 million in possessions lost

• In 1944, the Supreme Court said the camps were legal in the name of

____________________________________________

– Korematsu v. United States

Women in War Industries

• 6 million ______________________________ come to work (35% of work force) in order

to keep the economy running

• And women in war!

– ___________________________(Women’s Auxiliary Army Commission) never in

combat positions

D-Day

• ________________________________, 1944

• General Dwight D. __________________________ planned a major attack from Britain to

the northern beaches of France

• Operation ________________________________ will be the largest land-sea-air operation

in army history!

• Seven days of fighting along an 80mile coast marked the beginning of the

__________________________ victory in Europe

The Fall of Berlin

• _______________________________last desperate attempt fell short at the Battle of the

Bulge

• Allies began to liberate the death camps of the ______________________________

• Then the _____________________________ army stormed Berlin

– Rather than surrender his capital city, Hitler committed suicide

• ALLIES _______________________________________ V-E DAY (Victory in Europe)

– May 8, 1945

Battle of Midway

• The ____________________________________________ battle in the Pacific stops the

growth of the Japanese sea empire

• Huge morale boost for ________________________________________

• Opens the _____________________________ strategy of “island hopping” toward

________________________________

• Led to _____________________________ at Guadalcanal, Leyte Gulf,

___________________________________, Okinawa

The Atomic Bomb

• The _____________________________________ PROJECT

– TOP SECRET project led by J. Robert ____________________________ to

develop an atomic bomb in LOS ALAMOS, New Mexico

– ________________________________________ (August 6, 1945)

– ________________________________________(August 9, 1945)

• ______________________________________ finally comes

Economic & Political Implications of Dropping the Atomic Bomb

• General Douglas ___________________________________________ leads US occupation

and reconstruction of Japan

• Nuclear Power could also be used for new

_____________________________________________technologies

• ____________________________________ was deeply offended we didn’t tell them about

the atomic bomb testing

• President Harry S_____________________________ war reputation is emboldened as

America celebrates V-J Day (Victory of Japan)