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Stave FiveName:
Learning episode
Learning goalsTo analyse the methods Dickens has used to present Scrooge’s transformation
I think I can
To be extending, we need to be able to What am I learning today?
AO1: Inference and interpretationAO2: Writer’s methods
Read and identify examples of Scrooge’s transformationAnalyse key techniques that Dickens uses to present this transformationEvaluate the effect of these techniques and how successfully they help to support Dickens’ overall message.
Do it now taskRecap questions:
1. Summarise what happens when Scrooge realises the dead man is himself.
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ChallengeIn the space on the next page, explode the quotation you have been given. This means we want you to write down everything you can about this quotation. Think about
Which words are key Which techniques have been used The inferences you can make The possible effect that this quotation might have on a reader.
EXPLODE A QUOTATION
New KnowledgeIn Stave Five, we learn about the effect the three Spirits have had on Scrooge.
Pen to paper: how have the Spirits helped Scrooge to transform his character?
As we are reading Stave 5, text mark where a change in Scrooge is revealed.
1 Yes! And the bedpost was his own. The bed was his own, the room2 was his own. Best and happiest of all, the Time before him was his3 own, to make amends in!
4 “I will live in the Past, the Present and the Future!” Scrooge 5 repeated as he scrambled out of bed. “The Spirits of all Three 6 shall strive within me. O Jacob Marley! Heaven and the 7 Christmastime be praised for this! I say it on my knees, old Jacob;8 on my knees!”
9 He was so fluttered and so glowing with his good intentions, that 10 his broken voice would scarcely answer to his call. He had been11 sobbing violently in his conflict with the Spirit, and his face was 12 wet with tears.
13 “They are not torn down,” cried Scrooge, folding one of his bed -
“Another idol has displaced me; and, if it can cheer and comfort you in time to come as I woul have tried to do. I have no just cause to grieve.”
“What idol has displaced you?” he rejoined.
“A golden one.”
14 curtains in his arms, “They are not torn down, rings and all. They 15 are here – I am here – the shadows of the things that would have16 been may be dispelled. They will be. I know they will!”
17 His hands were busy with his garments all this time: turning them18 inside out, putting them on upside down, tearing them, mislaying 19 them, making them parties to every kind of extravagance.
20 “I don’t know what to do!” cried Scrooge, laughing and crying in 21 the same breath, and making a perfect Laocoon of himself with 22 his stockings. “I am light as a feather, I am as happy as an angel, I23 am as merry as a schoolboy, I am as giddy as a drunken man. A 24 merry Christmas to everybody! A happy New Year to all the world!25 Hallo here! Whoop! Hallo!”
26 He had frisked into the sitting-room; and was not standing there, 27 perfectly winded.
28 “There’s the saucepan that the gruel was in!” cried Scrooge, starting29 off again, and going round the fireplace. “There’s the door by 30 which the Ghost of Jacob Marley entered! There’s the corner 31 where the Ghost of Christmas Present sat! There’s the window 32 where I saw the wandering Spirits! It’s all right, it’s all true, it all33 happened. Ha, ha, ha!”
34 Really, for a man who had been out of practice for so many years,35 it was a splendid laugh, a most illustrious laugh. The father of a 36 long, long line of brilliant laughs!
37 “I don’t know what day of the month it is,” said Scrooge. “I don’t38 know how long I have been among the Spirits. I don’t know 39 anything. I’m quite a baby. Never mind. I don’t care. I’d rather40 be a baby. Hallo! Whoop! Hallo there!”
41 He was checked in his transports by the churches ringing out the 42 lustiest peals he had ever heard. Clash, clash, hammer; ding,43 dong, bell! Bell, dong, ding; hammer, clang, clash! Oh, glorious,44 glorious!
45 Running to the window, he opened it, and put out his head. No 46 fog, no mist; clear, bright, jovial, stirring, cold; cold, piping for the 47 blood to dance to; golden sunlight; heavenly sky; sweet fresh air;48 merry bells. Oh, glorious, glorious!
49 “What’s today?” cried Scrooge, calling downward to a boy in 50 Sunday clothes, who perhaps had loitered in to look about him.
51 “Eh?” returned the boy with all his might of wonder.
52 “What’s today, my fine fellow?” said Scrooge.
53 “Today!” replied the boy. “Why, CHRISTMAS DAY!”
54 “It’s Christmas Day!” said Scrooge to himself. “I haven’t missed it.55 The Spirits have done it all in one night. They can do anything they 56 like. Of course they can. Of course they can. Hallo, my fine57 fellow!”
58 “Hallo!” returned the boy.
59 “Do you know the poulterer’s in the next street but one, at the 60 corner?” Scrooge enquired.
61 “I should hope I did,” replied the lad.
62 “An intelligent boy!” said Scrooge. “A remarkable boy! Do you 63 know whether they’ve sold the prize turkey that was hanging up 64 there? – Not the little prize turkey: the big one?”
65 “What! The one as big as me?” returned the boy.
66 “What a delightful boy!” said Scrooge. “It’s a pleasure to talk to him.67 Yes, my buck!”
68 “It’s hanging there now,” replied the boy.
69 “It is?” said Scrooge. “Go and by it.”
70 “Walk-ER!” exclaimed the boy.
71 “No, no,” said Scrooge. “I am in earnest. Go and buy it, and tell 72 ‘em to bring it here, that I may give them the directions where to 73 take it. Come back with the man, and I’ll give you a shilling.74 Come back with him in less than five minutes, and I’ll give you 75 half a crown!”
76 The boy was off like a shot. He must have had a steady hand at 77 a trigger who could have got a shot off half as fast.
78 “I’ll send it to Bob Cratchit’s,” whispered Scrooge, rubbing his 79 hands, and splitting with a laugh. “He shan’t know who sends it.80 It’s twice the size of Tiny Tim. Joe Miller never made such a joke81 as sending it to Bob’s will be!”
82 The hand in which he wrote the address was not a steady one; but 83 write it he did, somehow, and went downstairs to open the street-84 door, ready for the coming of the poulterer’s man. As he stood 85 there, waiting his arrival, the knocker caught his eye.
86 “I shall love it as long as I live!” cried Scrooge, patting it with his87 hand. “I scarcely ever looked at it before. What an honest 88 expression it has in its face! It’s a wonderful knocker! – Here’s 89 the turkey. Hallo! Whoop! How are you! Merry Christmas!”
90 It was a turkey! He never could have stood upon his legs, that 91 bird. He would have snapped ‘em short off in a minute like sticks92 of sealing-wax.
93 “Why, it’s impossible to carry that to Camden Town,” said Scrooge.94 “You must have a cab.”
95 The chuckle with which he said this, and the chuckle with which he 96 paid for the turkey, and the chuckle with which he paid for the cab,97 and the chuckle with which he recompensed the boy, were only 98 to be exceeded by the chuckle with which he sat down breathless99 in his chair again, and chuckled till he cried.
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Shaving was not an easy task, for his hand continued to shake
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very much; and shaving requires attention, even when you don’t
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dance while you are at it. But if he had cut the end of his nose
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off, he would have put a piece of sticking plaster over it, and been
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quite satisfied.
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He dressed himself ‘all in his best,’ and at last got out into the
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streets. The people were by this time pouring forth, as he had
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seen them with the Ghost of Christmas Present; and, walking
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with his hands behind him, Scrooge regarded everyone with a
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delighted smile. He looked so irresistibly pleasant, in a word, that
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three or four good humoured fellows said, “Good-morning, sir! A
11 merry Christmas to you!” And Scrooge said often afterwards that,
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of all the blithe sounds he had ever heard, those were the blithest
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In his ears.
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He had not gone far when, coming on towards him, he beheld the
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portly gentleman who had walked into his counting-house the day
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before, and said, “Scrooge and Marley’s, I believe?” It sent a pang
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across his heart to think how this old gentleman would look upon
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him when they met; but he knew what path lay straight before him,
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and he took it.
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“My dear sir,” said Scrooge, quickening his pace, and taking the old
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gentleman by both his hands, “how do you do? I hope you
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succeeded yesterday. It was very kind of you. A merry Christmas
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to you, sir!”
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“Mr Scrooge?”
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“Yes,” said Scrooge. “That is my name, and I fear it may not be
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pleasant to you. Allow me to ask your pardon. And will you have
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the goodness –“ Here Scrooge whispered in his ear.
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“Lord bless me!” cried the gentleman, as if his breath were taken
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away. “My dear Mr Scrooge, are you serious?”
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“If you please,” said Scrooge. “Not a farthing less. A great many
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back-payments are included in it, I assure you. Will you do me that
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favour?”
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“My dear sir,” said the other, shaking hands with him, “I don’t know
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what to say munifi-“
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“Don’t say anything, please,” retorted Scrooge. “Come and see me.
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Will you come and see me?”
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“I will!” cried the gentleman. And it was clear he meant to do it.
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“Thankee,” said Scrooge. “I am much obliged to you. I thank you
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fifty times. Bless you!”
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He went to church, and walked about the streets, and watched
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the people hurrying to and fro, and patted the children on the head,
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and questioned beggars, and looked down into the kitchens of
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houses, and up to the window; and found that everything could
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yield him pleasure. He had never dreamed that any walk – that
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anything could give him so much happiness. In the afternoon he
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turned his steps towards his nephew’s house.
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He passed the door a dozen times before he had the courage to
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go up and knock. But he made a dash and did it.
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“Is your master at home, my dear?” said Scrooge to the girl. Nice
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girl! Very.
15 “Yes, sir.”
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“Where is he, my love?” said Scrooge.
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“He’s in the dining-room, sir, along with mistress. I’ll show you
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upstairs, if you please.”
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“Thankee. He knows me,” said Scrooge, with his hand already on
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the dining-room lock. “I’ll go in here, my dear.”
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He turned it gently, and sidled his face in round the door. They
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were looking at the table (which was spread out in great array); for
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these young housekeepers are always nervous on such points,
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and like to see that everything is right.
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“Fred!” said Scrooge.
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Dear heart alive, how his niece by marriage started! Scrooge had
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forgotten, for the moment, about her sitting in the corner with the
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footstool, or he wouldn’t have done it on any account.
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“Why, bless my soul!” cried Fred, who’s that?”
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“It’s I. Your uncle Scrooge. I have come to dinner. Will you let
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me in, Fred?”
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Let him in! It is a mercy he didn’t shake his arm off. He was at
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home in five minutes. Nothing could be heartier. His niece looked
17 just the same. So did Topper when he came. So did the plump
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sister when she came. So did everyone when they came.
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Wonderful party, wonderful games, wonderful unanimity, won-der-
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ful happiness!
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But he was early at the office next morning. Oh, he was early
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there! If he could only be there first, and catch Bob Cratchit
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coming late! That was the thing he had set his heart upon.
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And he did it; yes, he did! The clock struck nine. No Bob. A
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quarter past. No Bob. He was full eighteen minutes and a half
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behind his time. Scrooge sat with his door wide open, that he
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might see him come into the tank.
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His hat was off before he opened the door; his comforter too.
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He was on his stool in a jiffy, driving away with his pen, as if he
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were trying to overtake nine o’clock.
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“Hallo!” growled Scrooge in his accustomed voice as near as he
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could feign it. “What do you mean by coming here at this time of
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day?”
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“I am very sorry, sir,” said Bob. “I am behind my time.”
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“You are!” repeated Scrooge. “Yes, I think you are. Step this way,
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Sir, if you please.”
19 “It’s only once a year, sir,” pleaded Bob, appearing from the tank.
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“It shall not be repeated. I was making rather merry yesterday, sir.”
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“Now, I’ll tell you what, my friend,” said Scrooge. “I am not going
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to stand this sort of thing any longer. And therefore,” he continued,
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leaping from his stool, and giving Bob such a dig in the waistcoat
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that he staggered back into the tank again – “and therefore I am
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about to raise your salary.”
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Bob trembled, and got a little nearer to the ruler. He had a
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momentary idea of knocking Scrooge down with it, holding him,
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and calling to the people in the court for help and a strait waist-coat.
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“A merry Christmas, Bob!” said Scrooge, with an earnestness that
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could not be mistaken, as he clapped him on the back, “A merrier
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Christmas, Bob, my good fellow, than I have given you for many
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a year! I’ll raise your salary, and endeavour to assist your
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struggling family, and we will discuss your affairs this very
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afternoon, over a Christmas bowl of smoking bishop, Bob! Make
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up the fires and buy another coal-scuttle before you dot another I,
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Bob Cratchit!”
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Scrooge was better than his word. He did it all, and infinitely more;
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and to Tiny Tim, who did not die, he was a second father. He
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became as good a friend, as good a master, and as good a man
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as the good old City knew, or any other good old city, town, or
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borough in the good old world. Some people laughed to see the
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Alteration in him, but he let them laugh, and little heeded them;
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for he was wise enough to know that nothing ever happened on
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this globe, for good, at which some people did not have their fill
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of laughter in the outset; and knowing that such as these would
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be blind anyway, he thought it quite as well that they should
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wrinkle up their eyes in grins as have the malady in less
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attractive forms. His own heart laughed, and that was quite
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enough for him.
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He had no further intercourse with Spirits, but lived upon the
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total-Abstinence Principle ever afterwards; and it was always said
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of him that he knew how to keep Christmas well, if any man alive
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possessed the knowledge. May that be truly said of us, and all of
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us! And so, as Tiny Tim observed, God bless us, Every One!
Pen to paper – how has Dickens used language and structure to present the transformation in Scrooge?
Using the three quotations below and your own notes on the stave, how has Dickens present the transformation in Scrooge?
He was so fluttered and so glowing with good intentions, that his broken voice would scarcely answer to his call. He had been sobbing violently in his conflict with the Spirit, and his face was wet with tears.
“I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as an angel, I am as merry as a schoolboy. I am as giddy as a drunken man. A merry Christmas to everybody! A happy New Year to all the world! Hallo here! Whoop! Hallo!
The chuckle with which he said this, and the chuckle with which he paid for the Turkey, and the chuckle with which he paid for the cab, and the chuckle with which he recompensed the boy, were only to be exceeded by the chuckle with which he sat down breathless in
his chair again and chuckled till he cried.
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Pen to paper: how has Dickens used pathetic fallacy to also demonstrate the change in Scrooge?
Re-read the short paragraph from Stave 5:
Running to the window, he opened it and put out his head. No fog, no mist; clear, bright, jovial, stirring, cold; cold, piping for the blood to dance to; Golden sunlight! Heavenly sky; sweet fresh air; merry bells. Oh, glorious! Glorious!
Now compare this with the description in Stave 1.
It was cold, bleak, biting weather: foggy withal: and he could hear the people in the court outside, go wheezing up and down, beating their hands upon their breasts, and stamping their feet upon the pavement stones to warm them. The city clocks had only just gone three, but it was quite dark already – it had not been light all day – and candles were flaring in the windows of the neighbouring offices, like ruddy smears upon the palpable brown air. The fog came pouring in at every chink and
keyhole, and was so dense without, that although the court was of the narrowest, the houses opposite were mere phantoms.
Key question: how has Dickens used pathetic fallacy to also demonstrate the change in Scrooge?
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Pen to paper: how effective is the cyclical structure of the novella in presenting Dickens’ message?
Dickens presents Scrooge as a changed man in Stave 5. The novella is cyclical. A
Cyclical narrative is one that goes full circle, taking the reader back to where we first started. This is true of A Christmas Carol because we see Scrooge interacting with the same or similar people as he did in Stave 1, but the outcomes and effects are very different.
Complete the chart below to show your reflections about this.
Scrooge with members of the community
Scrooge and Fred Scrooge and Bob Cratchit
ReflectionA Christmas Carol is organised into five staves and the outline of the plot also follows a typical five-act structure of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action or resolution and denouement.
Exposition Where the author introduces the main character and the basic conflict, finishing with the event that decides the rest of the story
Rising action The series of events that lead in stages up to the story’s climaxClimax The high point or peak of the action, after which everything
changesFalling action / resolution
The final part of the conflict that decides whether the main character wins or loses
Denouement The way the main character finally ends up
Write around the headings to show how A Christmas Carol fits this structure.
