Keystone Review Name_________________

Directions: Each student must complete three of the following ten activities. The activities that you choose will correspond to the weak areas from the keystone test we took last week. Each of these activities will be graded and count towards everyone’s making period grade.

Basic Chemistry and macro molecules

Link: http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Biochemistry/biochemi.htm

1. Draw 2 separate carbon molecules both with four single bonds connected to hydrogen molecules. Next take away two hydrogens from each and connect the carbons together with a double bond

2. A. What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules? B. Hydrophilic molecules are ____________ molecules; hydrophobic molecules are ________________ molecules. C. Draw a hydrophilic molecule and a hydrophobic molecule; circle the part of the hydrophilic

molecule that gives it its properties.

3. Compare macromolecules to Monomers; complete the chart below

Keystone Review Name_________________

Example of a Macromolecule Corresponding Monomer

polysaccharide

glycerol, fatty acid

protein

nucleic acid

CARBOHYDRATES

Link: http://www2.nl.edu/jste/carbohyd.htm#dehydration%20synthesis

1. List the three main groups of carbohydrates and give an example of each

2. Play the animation of dehydration synthesis. What two monosaccarides did you start with? What disaccharide was produced? What molecule was synthesized as a bi-product?

3. Four types of polysaccarides are mentioned on this page, name them. Which are found in animals?

Keystone Review Name_________________

LIPIDS

Links: http://www2.nl.edu/jste/lipids.htm

Neutral Fats:

1. Play the animation of fatty acids being attached to the glycerol backbone by dehydration synthesis. What is the name of the functional group on the ends of fatty acids that lose their “–OH” in order to bond to the glycerol? When making one triglyceride, how many molecules of water are formed? (2 points)

Phospholipids and the Cell Membrane:

Links: http://telstar.ote.cmu.edu/biology/downloads/membranes/

1. Name the three parts to a phospholipid molecule

2. Play the animation of phospholipids being immersed in water. Why do the tails float in the water pointing up? What happens when a second layer of phospholipids are added?

3. What is the role of steroids in a cell membrane? Why is this function important? (2 points)

Keystone Review Name_________________

Steroids:

Links:http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cholesterol/cholesterol.htm

1. View the “overview” button on this link. Besides its role in the cause of heart disease, name four useful functions of cholesterol in the body.

2. View the “Heart Disease” button on this link. List two reasons why bad cholesterol can elevate in a person. Why can’t a person remove LDL from the blood when they are genetically predisposed? How does exercise help? (4 points)

Saturated and unsaturated fatsLinks: http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/lipids.htm

Keystone Review Name_________________

1. Find the paragraph on saturated and unsaturated fats and explain why unsaturated fats are forced to take on a liquid form. (2 points)

2. Read further and explain what a trans-fatty acid is and why they are a concern to your health. (4 points)

NUCLEIC ACIDS1. What does DNA look like? Take the DNA tour http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/tour/

Go through the tutorial: What is DNA

a. Where is DNA located? (1 point)

b. DNA coils into X shapes called what? (1 point)

c. The DNA molecule has three main parts – list them. (3 points)

d. How are bases in the double helix connected? (1 point)

e. Explain the link between bases (letters), genes, and proteins made. (3 points)

2. Go to this website: http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=63 and scroll

down to the “replication of DNA” concept simulation. Click and watch this animation and record

the steps of DNA replication. First, the DNA opens or ______________________. Next

_____________________ pair with the original DNA strand. The two new strands are

__________________ to the original. (3 points)

Cell Theory

1. State the “cell theory” and describe the process of how cells were discovered.

Keystone Review Name_________________

2. Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Cells:

Keystone Review Name_________________

In the boxes provided name the organelle and name the macromolecule that is produced by the organelle and/or name the macromolecule that makes up the organelle (ie. The cell membrane- Lipids), the function of the organelle, write a hit that will help you to remember the organelle (in the reminder box)

Cell membrane and transport- Web-quest

Energetics:

Keystone Review Name_________________

1) Draw, label, describe the following processes:a) Photosynthesis:

i) Light-dependent reaction: page 237ii) Light-independent reaction: page 238

b) Cellular respiration:i) Glycolysis: page 255ii) The Krebs cycle (aka Pyruvic acid cycle): page 257iii) Electron Transport chain: page 259

c) Fermentation:i) Lactic Acid: page 263

Protein synthesis

Keystone Review Name_________________

Write a story that includes all of the steps that allowed for “Pete the protein” to become the complex polypeptide that he is today.

Cell cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis:

Keystone Review Name_________________

Draw and label all process and steps involved with the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis.

Genetics: Punnett square

Key:

Parents & Gametes:

Key:

Parents & Gametes:

Keystone Review Name_________________

Directions: Read each problem carefully. Make a “key” for the trait, identify the parents involved in the cross and the gametes each parents produces. Show the Punnett square and give the ratio of both genotype and phenotype.

Define the following terms:

Homozygous

Heterozygous

Phenotype

Genotype

Dominant

Recessive

1. In rabbits, black fur is dominant over white fur. Show the cross of a heterozygous black male with a homozygous white female.

2. Tall is dominant over short in pea plants. Show the cross of a homozygous short plant is crossed with a homozygous tall plant.

3. In humans, free-ear lobes are dominant to attached. Two parented that are both heterozygous free are expecting a child. What are the chances that the child will have free ear lobes of attached?

Key:

Parents & Gametes:

Key:

Parents & Gametes:

Key:

Parents & Gametes:

Keystone Review Name_________________

4. Wrinkled seed are recessive to smooth seeds. Show a plant that always produces wrinkled seeds crossed with a heterozygous smooth seeds producing plant.

5. As in the previous problem… Show a heterozygous smooth plant crossed with another heterozygous smooth seed producing plant.

Evolution:

Keystone Review Name_________________

Create a top-down web using the essential vocabulary from the unit.

Evolution, fossil, artificial selection, adaptation, fitness, natural selection, biogeography, homologous structure, analogous structure, vestigial structure, gene pool, allele frequency, single-gene trait, polygenetic trait, directional selection, stabilizing selection, disruptive selection, genetic drift, bottleneck effect, founder effect, genetic equilibrium, Hardy-Weinberg principle, sexual selection, species, speciation, reproductive isolation, behavioral isolation, geographic isolation, and temporal isolation.

Ecology webquest:

Keystone Review Name_________________

Part I: Ecosystems and Nutrient Cycling  Your first assignment is to put together a simple food chain and answer the questions below.    I. FOOD CHAINS  

(1) Go to http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/frogs/chain_reaction/index.cfm

and click on “play the game” to begin.  Answer the questions below: 

1.    A person is called a _____________________________________ because they eat producers and consumers.

2.    Food gives people and animals __________________________________.

3.    ________________________ are animals that only eat meat.

4.    ________________________ are animals that only eat plants. (2)      Choose the Forest Food Chain.             1.     What animals were in your food chain? Place them in the correct order.

            2.      What 5 things happen if you take the frog out of the food chain?

1. _________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________ 

  II. FOOD WEBS 

Keystone Review Name_________________

(1)     Go to http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/food/food_menu.html and choose one of the three food webs. Put the food web together!

 Consumers – are living things that need producers to be their food (animals and people)Producers – living things which take the non living matter from the environment (plants)Decomposers – living things which feed off of dead plants and animals (bacteria, fungi)

(2)     Using the information in the table above and what you know about trophic levels answer the following questions about your food chain: Name a producer in your food web ________________________________

Name a primary consumer in your food web__________________________       Name a secondary consumer in your food web ________________________

Who are usually the decomposers in a food web? _______________________

If the producer has 100 units of energy, and this food chain follows the general rule of energy transfer (what percent is transferred on average?) how much energy will be available for the primary consumer? ________

How much energy will be available for the secondary consumer? __________ 

  III. NUTRIENT CYCLING  

A. Carbon Cycle 

(1) Go to http://www.kidsnewsroom.org/climatechange/carbon_cycle_version2.html Click and complete scene 1. 

(2)           Name 2 places on the earth we find carbon:         1.    __________________________     2.  ___________________________  (3)     Go to http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/co2_cycle.html, read about the

carbon cycle and fill in the blanks below: Plants pull carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere to make food, through a process called ____________________. Through food chains animals get ____________ from the plants and other animals they eat. When plants and animals die and ____________, carbon goes back into the ground.

Some carbon is buried deep in the ground and forms ________________________.When humans burn fossil fuels, ________________ is released back into the atmosphere. 

Keystone Review Name_________________

When humans and animals exhale, they release carbon back into the air by a process called ______________________________.                         B.    Nitrogen Cycle Go to the website http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/nitrogen_cycle.html&edu=mid and answer the questions below:

1. What are 2 ways nitrogen becomes useable to plants, humans and animals:            ________________________________            ________________________________

2. How do herbivores obtain the nitrogen they need? _________________________________________________________ 3. How is nitrogen returned to the atmosphere? _________________________________________________________ 4. What are two ways humans impact the nitrogen cycle:

         1.________________________________________________________

 2.________________________________________________________

 

Go to the following two websites

http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0008077.html

and

http://www.vtaide.com/png/nitrogenCycle.htm

and view the images of the Nitrogen Cycle as well as skim through the descriptions.

Compare/contrast the two images of the Nitrogen Cycle.

What do they have in common? Is there anything unique about each image?

 

Keystone Review Name_________________

What absorbs the atmospheric nitrogen? ____________________

What role do nitrogen-fixing bacteria play in the Nitrogen Cycle?

Play the Vermi Game to demonstrate the cycling of matter in a compost bin.

Watch the youtube video (you will have to copy and paste the link into the address bar)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Y9EQbKH_hA&feature=related

(note if the video does not play, just move on to the next portion of the activity)

Visit the web linkSuccession Link 1. How is primary succession different from secondary succession?

2. Describe the example of secondary succession indicated in the simulation 3. How does the rate of secondary succession compare to primary succession?

4. Imagine a lawn on campus or in someone's yard. Are there any examples of succession there now? If no one maintained it for five years, what might it look like? What would it look like after 10 years? 50? 100?

http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp55/55020.html

Visit the link above, read the introduction, watch the animation, take the quiz, and answer the following questions:

5. What are some of the “pioneer” species in glacial moraines? 6. How do alder trees affect nitrogen content in soil?

7. How do the alder trees influence spruce tree growth? 8. Write the answers to the two quiz questions.