jhfletcher.wikispaces.comjhfletcher.wikispaces.com/file/view/World_History... · Web viewConfucianism Daoism Legalism Founder Confucius Main Ideas Follow a moral code of conduct,

Name:_______________________________________ Period:___ Due: Day of Semester ExamDO NOT LOSE

World History Semester ReviewComplete the semester review. It is due the day of your semester exam.

1. Define the Neolithic Revolution. (It was a time when early humans mastered ________)The Neolithic Revolution was the change from hunting and gathering to the keeping of animals and growing of food. It was when early humans mastered animals – domestication – and agriculture.

2. What method is used to determine the age of an artifact or fossil using chemistry?Radiocarbon dating - used by archeologists and anthropologists - dates artifacts and fossils using chemistry.

3. How did the Neolithic Revolution cause the Ancient River Valley civilizations to develop?The Neolithic Revolution had people begin to build settlements near water sources. These water sources were usually rivers, where people could use the water to grow crops. This brings about the ancient river valley civilizations.

4. Define a secondary and primary source.A primary source is a document or an artifact from the time period you are studying. This would include fossils, photos, and music. A secondary source is something that analyzes and interprets the primary source. This would include textbooks, biographies, or academic journals.

5. Determine which of the following are primary, secondary, or could be either sources:a. Textbook b. Almanac c. Dictionary d. Autobiography e. biography

f. Encyclopedia g. Photo h. musicAn autobiography, a photo, and music are primary sources.A textbook, an almanac, a dictionary, a biography, and an encyclopedia are secondary sources.

6. Identify the name of the Ancient River Valley Civilizations using the rivers as a guide and complete the remainder of the chart for each civilization.

Name of civilization

Mesopotamia Egypt Indus River Valley China

River(s) Tigris and Euphrates River

Nile River Indus Yellow and Huang He

Religion Polytheistic Polytheistic monotheistic for Jews

Polytheistic Hinduism

Polytheistic – worship ancestor

Government City – states, eventually an emperor

Theocracy, where the king made himself a god

Caste system – the higher the caste the more power

Warrior kings, Mandate of Heaven

Writing Epic of Gilgamesh is the oldest work of literature. Cuneiform

They used hieroglyphics that were logographic to write on papyrus

Sanskrit – syllabic writing system

Written characters that represent words or ideas

Innovations Use of stone/brick for building material, plow, sail, ziggurat

Astronomy (predict when the river would flood), pyramids, geometry

Toilets and the sewage/plumbing system

Iron, silk, money, and print making

7. Define monotheism and polytheism. Determine which are polytheistic and monotheistic from the quotes below:a. We must return to the ideas of the Bible. We should encourage people to read and interpret religious

scripture for themselves. Monotheism – Protestant b. Our people worship many gods, who control the people’s activities, such as birth, death, and commerce.

Polytheism – Hinduism c. Our people received the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai. We are few in number, but we will bring these

commandments to all people. Monotheism – Judaism (Jewish)d. We trace our religion’s birth to the flight of our greatest prophet from Mecca to Medina. Monotheism Islam

Monotheism – belief in one god Polytheism – belief in many gods8. After a great Ice Age the Neolithic Revolution occurred, how did this make people need rules, laws, and taxes?

With people living together, the need for rules came about so there was not chaos and everyone doing whatever they wanted – that is called anarchy.


9. Prehistoric peoples were not busy farming; they were busy doing what to get their meals? (Hint: They need meat and veggies). Prehistoric peoples were hunters and gatherers.

10. Describe Hammurabi’s law code. Was it uniform, justifiable, granted mercy, applied to just the poor? Find your favorite rule and include it in your description. Hammurabi’s Code was the first uniform law code. However, it was not equal for everyone. Punishments depended on class. For instance, the upper class could pay money to the lower classes, versus lower class if caught stealing, the hand would be cut off. Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth is the most popular/well known law.

11. What was the political impact of Hammurabi’s law code?The political impact of Hammurabi’s Code was that no matter what city you lived in during the Babylon Empire, you had to follow the same laws.

12. Describe the Ten Commandments.The Ten Commandments were the moral expectations given to Moses and the Jewish people. They were religious laws and expectations of behavior.

13. What was the moral impact of the Ten Commandments?They forbade stealing, blasphemy, committing adultery and jealousy/greed of other peoples stuff.

14. Complete the following chart of philosophies and religions:

Religion Buddhism Hinduism Judaism Christianity Zoroastrianism IslamDate founded 520 BC 1500 BC 2000 BC 30 AD 1000 BC 622 AD

Founder Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

Aryan Priests Abraham, Moses,

Prophets based of the teachings of Jesus

Zoraster Mohammad

Holy Figures Buddha Brahman Vishnu and Shiva

Yahweh (God) Father Son Holy Spirit (Trinity)

Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu

MohammadAllah

Poly or Mono Poly Polytheistic Monotheistic Monotheistic Monotheistic Monotheistic

Description/ main principles

Reincarnation until you have enlightenment

Reincarnation can be reborn in a higher caste in caste system

Obey God’s commandmentsLive ethically

Compassion One god, dual good and evil humans free to do good or evil

Humans must submit to will of Allah

Holy text Tripatka, sutras

Vedas Torah Bible Zendavesta Quaran

Impact on the world

Avoid suffering, receive enlightenment

Yoga, devotion to god/goddess

Gave 10 commandmentsEthical morals

Heaven or hell, largest religion

First monotheistic religion

Five Pillars, huge impact in Middle East

15. Match the description of the following governments to their description:

Name:_______________________________________ Period:___ Due: Day of Semester Exam

DO NOT LOSEa. Single rulerb. Rule by fewc. Rule by many indirectly through

voting d. Rule by threee. Rule by the upper/ rich classf. Rule by one, by force and fearg. Rule by direct citizen vote

1. Aristocracy - E2. Republic - C3. Tolitarianism - F 4. Monarchy - A5. Democracy - G6. Oligarchy - B7. Triumvirate - D


16. How did the geography of Greece aide in the development of independent city-states? (EX: Sparta vs. Athens)The mountains and islands of Greece helped spread out the cities of Greece, causing them to be fiercely independent.

17. What was the name of the leader who conquered Darius’s Persian Empire and ushered in the Hellenistic era?Alexander the Great was the name of the leader who conquered the Persian Empire and brought about the Hellenistic Era.

18. Explain why the Royal Road in Persia was important and influenced the building of roads in future empires such as Rome. The Royal Road in Persia was important because it connected the parts of the empire to each other. The Romans would do the same – to get their legions to places quickly for defense.

19. During the Zhou Dynasty the Mandate of Heaven was created. Describe the mandate of heaven and how it created the dynastic cycle. A ruler could keep the Mandate of Heaven by? The Mandate of Heaven is the belief that Heaven – which was an impersonal law of nature – kept order in the universe through the Zhou King. In other words, the king was given authority to rule by heaven.

20. Through his conquests into India the above man spread ________ culture and could have come into contact with what polytheistic religion in India? This one was moved, sorry, it was ALEXANDER the Great, Hinduism

21. Why did the Qin build the Great Wall of China? (Think of Mulan)The Great Wall was built for protection – they wanted to keep out invaders such as the Huns.

22. Because the Ancient river valleys came before the classical, in what ways were they able to influence them?Politically, socially, monument buildings, written law codes, social classes.

23. Aside from plastic surgery India during the Classical era also made advancements in what fields?Astronomy, math (pi and zero)

24. Decide what following advancements were or were not made by the Chinese during the Tang dynastyPorcelain, movable type, gun powder, mechanical clock, paper money, magnetic compass

All were from the Tang


25. Complete the chart of Chinese philosophies created during the Zhou dynasty:

Philosophy Confucianism Daoism Legalism

Founder Confucius

Main Ideas Follow a moral code of conduct,

Follow the Dao, the way Obey the strict law code or be punished

Impact Chinese politics, civil service

Split from politics and follow nature

A strict law code

26. Even though the above philosophies were in China, why did Buddhism spread rapidly throughout China?It provided a spiritual connection and did not just offer a social philosophy

27. What Specific geological feature limited China from contact with other lands? (Hint Everest) The mountains (Himalayans) kept China from contact with India, the Altay kept them from contact with the north, and the Tian and Kunlun mountains kept them from contact with the west.

28. Athens, Greece developed what political system we use in America today? How is it different today?They developed the idea of the republic which we utilize today.

29. The following are images from Ancient Greece, Rome, and the Middle ages. Match the statements to the correct image:

a. Perfect, god-like form Greece and Romeb. Political leaders central to peoples’ lives Romec. Usually monotheistic religious in nature Middle Agesd. Realistic Greece and Romee. Patrons of Christian art Middle Agesf. Show perfection of polytheistic gods and goddesses Greeceg. Leaders are god-like Rome

30. Describe the Roman 12 Tables and how they later became the basis for laws in the Western world.Written list of rules based off of the Roman legal system, later became the basis for laws in social issues and politics.


31. Name at least three additional contributions the Romans gave to the American government.Trial by jury, Veto, 3 branches of government, senate, assembly

32. What did the Nicene Code do to Christianity?Unified and set standards for the Catholic Church.

33. Describe the technique of a fresco and the origins.Paint, water, plaster, mix and paint on walls, Rome

34. The main architectural achievements of the Romans were domes, arches, aqueducts. Draw and describe them each.

35. Romans used what language to communicate? Why did the Catholic Church use this language?Latin, it was created during the same time.

36. Why did the Roman Empire split in half? Why did the Western Roman Empire fall while the East continued to survive known as the Byzantine Empire with its capital at Constantinople?Too large to rule by Dioclentian, because it wasn’t effected by the issues of Rome, and had a great location for trade.

37. Why is Justinian’s Code of law significant?It was a compilation of Roman laws

38. After the Great Schism the Eastern Roman Empire stopped being Catholic and became? What is their most famous church?Eastern Orthodox.

39. Describe the Caste System in IndiaStrict Social Class.

40. The Greeks are best known for focusing on balance and proportion that is how they created three types of _________, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.

Columns41. Match the famous Greek scientist to their achievement

Eratosthenes, Aristarchus, Hipparchus, Euclid, Archimedes, PythagorasLatitude and longitude, size of the Earth , Earth revolves around the sun, Geometry, Value of Pi, advancements in physics

42. Based off of the image below where did the Silk Road begin and finish?


Asia Rome

43. What were four of the commodities traded along the Silk Road? Was the travel easy or difficult?

Silk, tea, spices, food, etc, dif.

44. Below is the African-Gold Salt trade. What different continents were connected? Europe, Asia, Africa

45. The Gold-Salt trade allowed many West African Kingdoms to expand, which only stopped due to?European Expansion and the slave trade

46. Describe a Caravan and how the Silk-road and the African Gold-Salt trade aided in cultural diffusion. Camels carrying goods, Islam spread

47. Christianity was forced to develop under the oppression of the Romans and after spreading and thought could not be stamped out was adopted and known as the Roman Catholic Church. How is the structure of the Catholic Church like a triangle? Draw and label yours.Pope, 1, goes on top, then Cardinals, Priests, lay-people


48. The middle ages in the West was forced by the collapse of the government and invasions. People left the cities in order to seek protection and settled on Manors and the Feudal system developed. Even though everyone was split on different manors what institution connected everyone?Catholic church

49. Define Tithe.donating 10% of your wages to the church.

50. Describe what you would find on a manor.Everything needed for daily living, mill, forest, housing, farming, river, well, castle for the lord

51. During the Middle ages there was an increase or decrease of trade? Why?Decrease, the plague and war

52. Draw the Feudal pyramid and the connection between all involved. Make sure to include Lord, Vassal, Fief, Serf.

Triangle, King on top, Lord, Knight, Vassal (lower knight), Serf, land moves from the king down, and money and loyalty move up

53. Who had the real power under the Feudal system?The Lord

54. Define Chivalry.

Code of knights55. Define a feudal contract.

unwritten contract of loyalty between a lord and his vassal (knight)56. What were the Crusades? What was the original reason for knights to go? How did the conclusion aide in people

disbelieving in the Catholic Church?

knights were sent by the pope to defend the Byzantine Empire from the Mulslims and reclaim the holy land from the Muslims. For God then later money. The church lost therefore people lost belief.

57. Describe the Black Death and how it led to people leaving manors.spread from Mongolia through war then to Italy by trade, fleas on the black rats. So many people died it created a labor shortage so people asked for raises from their lords and left when they were not given any increase….going back to cities and leading to the Renaissance.

58. The 100 years war was fought over and between whom? How did it strengthen the kings’ power?land, France and England, they became the single leaders and united all of the knights and lords

59. Although the Catholic Church provided care for the sick and unified Europe why did some people start turning away from the Church? They could not stop the plague, lost in the Crusades

60. Define the inquisition and determine how this helped keep followers of the Catholic Church doing what they were supposed to. Catholic Court, they determined who was not following the Catholic church and had them tortured until they recanted, those that did not or were repeat offenders were killed.

61. Which Mongolian Khans were able to take over all of Asia and parts of the Middle East and Europe?Kublai and Genghis


62. Describe the Magna Carta signed in 1215 and how it affected the king and the people.Agreement with the king that the people should be given more rights, gave the power to the people and limited the kings power.

63. The Renaissance is known as the rebirth of what two cultures?Greek and Roman

64. Describe the idea of humanism developed during the Renaissance. Did this help or hurt the power of the Catholic Church? Focus on the individual, hurt people started to think about them selves more then the Church.

65. Describe Secularism and how it was used in Renaissance paintings.Worldly view, and people started to paint things outside of the church and not for the church

66. How did the revival of trade in Italy and the end of the plague aide in the creation of the Renaissance?

The increase in wealth allowed the rich to support painters and artists.67. What impact did the printing press make?

Spead ideas, images, books, cheaply and quickly68. Who is attributed with starting the Protestant Reformation and what are the 95 Theses?

Martin Luther, 95 things he wanted the Catholic Church to change, mostly about indulgences

69. Define Indulgences. Would this cause you to go against the church and possibly be killed?Paying to erase your sins and go to heaven…

70. Describe the Protestant Reformation and the impact the printing press and the ideas of humanism had on its development.Because people had their bibles and thought of themselves and lost blind faith in the church, they came up with their own interpretations and decided to worship differently then in the Catholic Church.

71. Henry VIII became the leader of what church and why? How did the change of religions impact England politically?Church of England (Anglican), they were near Catholic countries and this created tension also within England as several people were a different type of protestant or Catholic.

72. How was the Council of Trent a counter reformation for the Catholic Church? What changes were made to the Catholic Church?It was to reform the Church and bring people back to the church by ending indulgences and having priests help communities and preach to the people

73. Exploration was caused by the three G’s, what are they?Gold God Glory

74. Christopher Columbus was looking for the Indies and found Cuba. Using your knowledge and the diagram below answer the following questions a. How did the Columbian Exchange affect the New World? b. How did it effect the Old World?The old world gained one disease and lots of food, labor, natural resources the New received diseases and


75. Describe the Middle Passage of the Trans-Atlantic Slave trade. The travel of slaves in a cramp environment. Many died of disease and malnutrition, some tried to jump off and be eaten by the sharks that followed.

76. How did the Columbian exchange spur a commercial revolution in Europe and the need to colonize the Americas?All of the goods brought from the New World made the countries that had the ability try to take over areas in America to grow crops.

77. Define Joint-stock company and give and example.Several people pool money together in order to colonize/ create products, like James town in Virginia.

78. Define Capitalism.Individuals own companies and factories and sell goods for their own benefit.

79. Define Mercantilism and describe how it was developed by the Columbian Exchange.The idea a country is exporting more then importing thus having a profitable trade…..through colonies they were able to gain natural resources to create a refined product and sell back to the colonies or to other countries.

80. Describe the impact of the Olmec on Meso-American cultures.They were the basis for MesoAmerican cultures including polytheism and human sacrifice.

81. The Aztecs were known for their human sacrifices, what innovations are they known for?Calendars, idea or tribute, astronomy

82. How did the Aztec civilization meet its end?Conquistador cortez who had guns and dogs of war attacked the Aztecs weakened from the plague,

83. The Inca are known for their Sacrifices and medicinal use of Cocoa, what innovations are they known for?Calendar, Astronomy, quipa (math system from a string of knots)

84. How did the Inca meet their end?Conquistador Pizzaro, same as the Aztecs

85. Based off of the image below what was the triangular trade?


Movement of goods and people between the old and new world

86. Describe the Declaration of Independence and its purpose.Declared the Colonies Independent from England, described unalienable rights, and listed grievances that would be an outline for the Bill of rights.

87. Define Unalienable rights.Rights that cannot be taken away

88. Label the following true/False regarding the U.S. Constitution: Created 3 branches of government, provided checks and balances, Created federal system, Bill of Rights

All true

Famous People in World History

1. Hammurabi R2. Gilgamesh W3. Caesar T4. Jesus A5. Diocletian S6. Thomas Jefferson C7. Darius U8. Siddhartha Gautama V9. Pythagoras X10. Justinian P11. Henry VIII L12. Moses E13. Martin Luther G14. Muhammad D15. Aristarchus H16. Pope O17. Suleiman I

18. Charlemagne N19. Moors F20. Christopher Columbus J21. Hernando Cortez Q22. Pizarro Z23. Leonardo Da Vinci M24. Michelangelo Y25. Raphael K26. John Calvin B

a. Taught compassion and founded a religion that would grow within a polytheistic empire

b. Believed Government and religion should be interrelated

c. Wrote the Declaration of Independenced. Founder and Prophet of Islam


e. Collector of the 10 commandmentsf. Muslims who took over southern Europe and led

Scientific advancements and educationg. Started the Protestant Reformation with his 95

thesesh. Great Physics mindi. Ottoman Sultan who made advances into Hungary

and Austriaj. Found Cuba and started the Columbian Exchangek. Sculpted Davidl. Founded the Church of England in order to divorce

his wife.m. The true Renaissance man, inventor, painter, and

scientistn. Crowned a Roman Emperor during the Middle Ages. o. Leader of the Catholic Church

p. King of the Byzantine Empire who saw the Roman laws complied and the Hagia Sophia built.

q. Led the invasion and destruction of the Aztecsr. Creator of the first strict but uniform law codes. Split the Roman Empire in Halft. Senator and leader of the Roman Army who wished

to become an Emperor but killed by his friends.u. Persian Emperor, great builder, and leader of army.v. Founder of Buddhism in Indiaw. Fictional Character in the 1st piece of literature who

seeks immortality but finds it is only for the godsx. Great mathematician who led several discoveries in

geometryy. Great artist who painted the Sistine Chapel. z. Led to the destruction of the Incas

Eras in World History1. Pre-history2. Ancient Civilizations3. Classical Civilizations4. Middle Ages5. Renaissance6. Reformation7. Exploration

a. Due to the ideas of humanism, the ability to receive a personal bible written in the spoken language, and the printing press circulating ideas of Martin Luther, John Calvin, and ugly images of the Pope people started to go against the Catholic Church and create their own ways to worship. 6

b. Before the written word. Era of the cave-men, hunter-gathers 1c. Driven by God, Gold, and Glory, along with the need for safer and quicker trade routes to spices and innovations

in sailing. 7d. Time of MICE, Mesopotamia, Indus River valley, China, and Egypt, the start of the first civilizations took place due

to the Neolithic Revolution that allowed people to remain sedentary. 2e. Time of Chaos, war, plague, unified by the Catholic church, lack of trade, and the use of Maorialism and

Feudalism 4f. Rebirth ofGreek and Roman Cultures, humanism, secularism, education, trade, Art, music, started in Italy. 5g. Persia, Greece, Rome, time of high tend philosophy, basis of governments begin, education, art, music, ends to

invasion, political greed, reduction of morality, and increased economic instability. 3

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jhfletcher.wikispaces.comjhfletcher.wikispaces.com/file/view/World_History... · Web viewConfucianism Daoism Legalism Founder Confucius Main Ideas Follow a moral code of conduct,