Name: ___________________________Period: _______Biology Week #10Week of: October 20th-24th

Day Root Words In-Class Homework

10/20: Monday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture: -Second Quarter Goals Sheet and Review Goals-Organize Binder-Review Midterm-Pretest on Homeostasis- Grade Graph

10/21: Tuesday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:-Bill Nye Clip-Notes-Periodic Table Activity

10/22: Wednes

day

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:-LATE ARRIVAL!!-Notes-Compounds vs. Mixtures

10/23: Thursda

y

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:-Notes on water-Willy the Water Strider Lab

10/24: Friday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:-Quiz over basic Chemistry!-Turn in week 10 packet

clundgren@oprfhs.org or mrlscience.weebly.com Bill Nye the Science Guy Video – AtomsBefore we watch the video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnjxrFNie5I

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______

- What is an atom? ______________________________________________- Describe a proton. _____________________________________________- Describe a neutron. ____________________________________________- Describe an electron. ___________________________________________

After we watch the video:- After the cheese demo, how can we define the word ATOMS: _____________

____________________________________________________________- Can we see atoms with a microscope? Why? ___________________________

____________________________________________________________- Parts of an atom:

Name Where found Charge

Proton

Neutron

Electron

- How far away are electrons from the nucleus in the example he gives? _________________________________

- Atoms are mostly _________________space.

Drawing a Carbon AtomDirections: Draw a carbon atom/element below.

Before you can draw a carbon atom, you must ask yourself a few key questions:1. What is the atomic number of carbon? ________________

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______2. Once we have the atomic number we now know the number of

______________3. Since we are working with a neutral atom the number of protons and

electrons is the same, therefore the number of electrons is ___________4. The mass number of carbon is 12. This means that the number of

neutrons is __________________ because the mass number is protons plus neutrons.

5. NOW DRAW THE CARBON ATOM BELOW: a. Draw the correct number of protons, in the correct spot, with their

chargeb. Draw the correct number of electrons, in the correct spot, with their

chargec. Draw the correct number of neutrons, in the correct spot, with their

charge1st Try 2nd Try

Periodic Table Scavenger HuntUse the periodic table and the formulas below to complete the following chart. Keep in mind the following facts about the periodic table:

Key: Atomic Number

Element’s symbolElement’s nameAtomic mass

- The atomic number = the number of protons3

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C Carbon 12.011

Name: ___________________________Period: _______- The mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons- Number of protons is = to the number of electrons

Symbol Name Atomic # # of protons

# of neutrons

# of electrons

Mass number

C 6 12

Hydrogen 0

8 16

N 7 7

15 16 15

K 39

Na 11 11 23

Chlorine 18

Basic Chemistry ReviewThe study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter, the atom. The subatomic (tiny) particles that make up the atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons (+ charge) and neutrons (no charge) together form the nucleus, which is at the center of the atom. The electrons (- charge) are in constant motion in the space surrounding the nucleus. A neutral atom has no charge. The number of (+) protons and (-) electrons is the same.Complete the following statements from the reading above.

1. The basic unit of matter is known as the _________________________.2. The three particles that make up atoms are ,

, and .4

Figure 2-1 A carbon atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus, in addition to the 6 electrons outside the nucleus. It has no charge since the number of protons and electrons is equal.

Name: ___________________________Period: _______3. The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains .4. The nucleus is made up of and .5. The charge of an electron is ______________ and a proton is ______________ and a

neutron is ___________________.Science uses special numbers to indicate the number of protons and neutrons in atoms. The atomic number is the number of protons in the atom. Two atoms with the same number of protons are always from the same element; therefore, all atoms of the same element have the same atomic number. The atomic number determines where in the periodic table that atom can be found. In neutral atoms, however, the number of neutrons may be different. Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons are called isotopes. Different isotopes of the same element are indicated by its mass numbers. The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom added together. Complete the following statements from the reading above.

1. We can find elements in the periodic table by using their ____________ number.2. If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is .3. If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its mass number is .4. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and a

different number of .

Atoms ReadingThe study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter, the atom. The concept of the atom came first from the Greek philosopher Democritus, nearly 2500 years ago. Democritus asked a simple question: If you take an object like a stick of chalk and break it in half, are both halves still chalk? The answer, of course, is yes. But what happens if you break it in half again and again and again? Can you continue to divide without limit, or is there a point at which you cannot divide the fragment of chalk without changing it into something else? Democritus thought that there had to be a limit. He called the smallest fragment the atom, from the Greek word atomos, which means “unable to be cut.”

Atoms are incredibly small. Placed side by side, 100 million atoms would make a row only about 1 centimeter long—about the width of your little finger! Despite its extremely small size, an atom contains subatomic particles that are even smaller. Figure 2–1 shows the subatomic particles in a carbon atom. The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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Figure 2-1 A carbon atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus, in addition to the 6 electrons outside the nucleus. It has no charge since the number of protons and electrons is equal.

Name: ___________________________Period: _______Protons and Neutrons: Protons are positively charged particles (+) and neutrons carry no charge at all. Strong forces bind protons and neutrons together to form the nucleus, at the center of the atom.

Electrons: The electron is a negatively charged particle (–). Electrons are in constant motion in the space surrounding the nucleus. Because atoms have equal numbers of electrons and protons, their positive and negative charges balance out, and atoms themselves are electrically neutral.

1. Complete the table below on subatomic particles.Subatomic Particle

Name Charge Location in atom

2. Label the subatomic particles in the diagram with a “+” if it is a proton, “=” if it is a neutron, and a “ ̶ “ if it is an electron. Also label the nucleus.

Ions are atoms that have either gained or lost an electron. An atom that gains electrons has a negative charge. An atom that has lost electrons has a positive charge. Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other, like magnets. Notice in the figure below the sodium ion with a positive charge is attracted to the chloride ion with a negative charge. The reaction of these two ions bonding together forms sodium chloride also known as common table salt. Also, notice the sodium has lost electrons, becoming more positive. A “+” sign is added to the symbol for sodium (Na+). Also, the chlorine atom has gained electrons becoming more negative. A “ ̶ “ sign is added to the symbol for chloride (Cl ̶ ).

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______

3. How are ions like magnets? _______________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. Label the following as a charged ion (ION) or an uncharged atom (ATOM).

An element is a substance made up of only one kind of atom. Each element has a one or two letter symbol. For example, the symbol for carbon is C, and the symbol for sodium is Na. The different atoms, or elements, are organized in the periodic table of elements. The number of protons in the atom determines its number and arrangement in the periodic table. The main elements we will study: C (carbon), H (hydrogen), N (nitrogen), O (oxygen), P (phosphorus), Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine).

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Element Atom or Ion? Element Atom or

Ion?Na+ OH ̶

C Cl ̶

H+ H

Name: ___________________________Period: _______What is the chemical symbol for Hydrogen? ________What is the chemical symbol for Oxygen? __________What is the chemical symbol for Carbon? __________

Compounds vs. MixturesWhat do you think a compound is? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What do you think a mixture is? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is sodium? __________________________________________________________What is the symbol for sodium according to the periodic table? ______________How does sodium react in water? ______________________________________________What is chlorine? _________________________________________________________What is the symbol for chlorine according to the periodic table? ______________How does chlorine react in the air? ____________________________________________What is NaCl? ___________________________________________________________How does NaCl react in water? _______________________________________________How does NaCl react in air? _________________________________________________Therefore our definition of a compound is? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Examples of compounds: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Do compounds have a chemical formula: _________________________________________

The definition then of a mixture is? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Examples of mixtures: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Do mixtures have a chemical formula: _________________________________________

Compound Combinations

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______The formula for a compound indicates the elements that make up the compound and the number of atoms of each element present in the compound. These numbers of atoms are indicated by the use of small numbers called subscripts. When a subscript appears outside of parentheses, it indicates that all the elements inside the parentheses should be multiplied by the subscript. For example, the formula Fe(OH)3 indicates one atom of iron (Fe), three atoms of oxygen (O), and 3 atoms of hydrogen (H).

In the following compounds, indicate the number of atoms of each element present.1. Calcium carbonate (limestone) CaCO3 Ca = _____ C = _____ O = _____2. Aspirin (pain reliever) C9H8O4 C = ______ H = _____ O = _____3. Acetic acid (vinegar) C2H4O2 C = ______ H = _____ O = _____4. Sucrose (table sugar) C12H22O11 C = ______ H = _____ O = _____5. Cellulose (found in wood) C6H12O2(OH)3 C = ____ H = _____ O = _____6. Silicon dioxide (sand) SiO2 Si = _____ O = _____7. Iron oxide (rust) Fe2O3 Fe = _____ O = _____

Elements, Compounds, and MixturesAn element consists of only one kind of atom (one box from the periodic table). A compound consists of two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio (has a formula). A mixture can be made in any proportion and is not chemically bound (no formula).

Classify each of the following as an element, compound, mixture by writing E, C, or M in the space provided.

1. sodium (Na) 7. nitrogen (N)

2. water (H2O) 8. blood

3. soil 9. table salt (NaCl)

4. ice cream 10. salt water (NaCl + H2O)

5. oxygen (O) 11. cola

6. carbon dioxide (CO2) 12. helium (He)

Compounds ReadingIn nature, most elements are found combined with other elements in compounds. A compound is a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements. Scientists show the combination of compounds by a kind of shorthand known as a chemical formula. Water, which contains two atoms of

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______hydrogen for each atom of oxygen, has the chemical formula H2O. The formula for table salt, NaCl, indicates that the elements that make up table salt—sodium and chlorine—combine in a 1 : 1 ratio.

8. Write the names and quantities of the elements present in the following compounds:

Compound Elements present & quantity

H2OHydrogen – 2Oxygen – 1

H2O2

CO2

C6H12O6

The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed. For example, hydrogen and oxygen, which are gases at room temperature, can combine to form liquid water. Sodium is a silver-colored metal that is soft enough to cut with a knife. It reacts explosively with water. Chlorine is very reactive, too. It is a poisonous, yellow-greenish gas that was used in battles during World War I. Sodium chloride, table salt, is a white solid that dissolves easily in water. As you know, sodium chloride is not poisonous. In fact, it is essential for the survival of most living things.

9. Compounds are similar/different (circle one) than their elements alone.

Give an example. ____________________________________________________________

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Sodium

Sodium Chloride = SALT!

Name: ___________________________Period: _______

Bonds hold elements together to form compounds. There are three main types of bonding we will discuss including: ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonding. Ionic bonds form between ions (atoms with a charge). An example is NaCl salt. The Na+

ions and the Cl ─ ions are attracted to each other like magnets forming a bond in an ionic bond. See the figure on the previous page regarding NaCl. In covalent bonds, atoms share electrons. In water, H2O, the hydrogens are bonded to the oxygen through covalent bonds. See the figure to the right. Think of the hydrogens and oxygen as ‘holding hands’ when they share the electrons. The third type of bonding pattern is the hydrogen bond found in water. Hydrogen bonds hold together different molecules of water. These bonds break and reform, allowing water to take on different shapes (usually the container it is held).

10. Complete the table regarding the 3 types of bonds.Bond Type Description Example

Wonderful Water CompoundsMore than a refreshing beverage or a place for fish to swim, water is essential for life. Approximately 70 percent of your body is water, according to the Mayo Clinic. Jessica Hamzelou writes in "New Scientist" that the length of time humans can survive without water varies according to how much water they're losing through respiration and sweat, but that even in a cool climate humans can't survive more than a week without water.

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______Why is water important to humans? ____________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

How long can humans survive without water? _____________________________________

What elements make up water? ___________________ and _______________________

What does hydrogen look like? _______________________________________________

How does hydrogen react in air? ______________________________________________

What does oxygen look like? _________________________________________________

How does oxygen react in air? ________________________________________________

What does water look like? __________________________________________________

How does water react in water? ______________________________________________

Is water an element, compound, or mixture? ___________________________

What is the formula for water? _______________________

Draw a water molecule below:

Since water has a positive charged end and a negative charged end we say that water is a ____________________ compound.

Willy the Water Strider LabIntroduction: Water striders are insects that live and walk on the surface of the water in slow moving streams, lakes, and the ocean as well. They belong to the family Gerridae. This family is made of insects commonly known as water striders, water bugs, magic bugs, pond skaters, skaters, skimmers, water scooters, water skaters, water skeeters, water skimmers, water skippers or Jesus bugs. There are around 500 known species of these insects.

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______They are very sensitive to motion around them, and can move at a rate of about a meter per second. They use their abilities to locate prey on the water’s surface. Water striders eat small insects and insect larvae that fall onto the water’s surface. The insect pushes its mouth into prey and sucks the insect dry.

Meet Willy the Water Strider and he has a problem. Something is causing Willy and his family of striders to fall in the water, instead of being able to walk like they usually do. About three weeks ago, someone reported that the river was changing a few miles upstream. The new and dangerous river water seems to be getting closer to Willy’s home, and he’s concerned for his life. But now as his life seems in danger, he wonders what helps him walk on water. Perhaps if he can figure that out, then he can learn how to save himself and his family.

1. Why are the insects mentioned above called water striders?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is Willy’s problem?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What are we going to investigate? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Quick Water Review:

1. How many of the following elements make up ONE water molecule:a. Hydrogen: __________b. Oxygen: __________c. Carbon: __________d. Nitrogen: __________e. Phosphorous: __________

2. Water is which of the following (circle correct one): POLAR orNONPOLAR

3. Will water bond to itself (circle correct one): Yes or No

4. Will water bond to other molecules (circle): Yes or No

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______5. What is the definition of cohesion?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What is the definition of adhesion? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Fill in the diagram below of water molecules: label the elements and charges!!!!

IMPORTANT NOTE: ALL EQUIPMENT MUST BE RINSED WITH WATER AND DRIED BEFORE BEGINNING THE

EXPERIMENT.Part A: Investigation question: What holds Willy on top of the water?Materials: Water Cup, Fork, 3 Paper Clips, 2 Petri Dishes, Soap Cup

a. Fill a Petri dish with tap water. Put a paper clip on the fork and slowly lower the fork into the water so the paper clip floats. It may take more than one try.

1. Did the paper clip float? ______________b. Then fill a second Petri dish with alcohol. Use the same method as step #1 to

float the paper clip in alcohol.1. Did the paper clip float? ______________2. What property causes water to bond to other water molecules?

____________3. Does water have cohesion? _______________4. Does alcohol have cohesion? _______________

c. Go back to the paper clip in the Petri dish with water. Dip the paper clip in soap with your fingers. Use the same method as step #1 to float the paper clip covered with soap in the water.

1. Where you able to float the soapy paper clip? _______________

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______2. What happened when you placed the soapy paper clip in the Petri dish with

water? ____________________________________________________________3. What does soap do to cohesion and surface tension?

____________________________________________________________d. Put the used paper clips in their proper place. Pour the alcohol back in the

proper beaker.

Part B: Investigation Purpose: To learn about Water’s other property.Materials: Water Cup, Soap Cup, Pipette, Penny, Paper Clip

a. Build a 15-20 drop water dome on top of a penny (w/o the dome “busting”). Look at the dome/penny from the side at eye level. Sketch what you see on the diagram, above right.

b. Poke the water dome with the pointy end of a paper clip that has been stretched out.

1. What happens when you poke the dome with the paper clip? _______________c. Now dip the pointy end of the paper clip in soap. Poke the water dome with the

soapy pointy end of the paper clip. 2. What happens now when you poke the dome with the paper clip? ____________________________________________________________3. Once again what does soap do to the cohesion of water? ____________________________________________________________

Part C: Investigation purpose: Breaking the tension!Materials: Water Cup, Petri Dish, Pepper, Soap Cup, Pipette

a. Fill a clean Petri dish with water. Sprinkle pepper over the top of the water lightly so most of the pepper floats.

b. Use the soap pipette to place one drop of soap in the center of the dish.

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Penny

Name: ___________________________Period: _______a. What do you observe?

____________________________________________________________b. What does soap do to the cohesion of the water?

____________________________________________________________

Part D: Investigation purpose: Like oil and water…

Materials: Water Cup, Pipette, Oil (on front desk), Wax Paper

a. Place 3 or 4 drops of water on different places on the wax paper. Try to push the water drops together by bending up the corners of the wax paper.

a. What do you observe? ____________________________________________________________

b. What property allows water to form perfect droplets? ___________________b. Place 3 or 4 drops of oil on different places on a new piece of wax paper. Try to

push the oil drops together by bending up the corners of the wax paper.a. What do you observe?

____________________________________________________________b. What property does oil not have, but water does? _______________________

c. Throw the wax paper in the trash and the rest of the materials in their proper place.

Analysis Questions:1. What enables Willy to walk on water? (USE SPECIFIC VOCAB WORDS HERE!!)

2. What property of water was broke causing Willy to fall in the water? (USE SPECIFIC VOCAB WORDS HERE!!)

3. What did you learn from this lab?

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______

Water AssignmentGo online and find ONE article that interests you about water. Fill out the form below

using your article.

Website: _______________________________________________________________

Why did this article interest you? _____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________

What are TEN things you learned about water from the article:

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________

9. _________________________________________________________________

10._________________________________________________________________

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