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Name: _____________________________ Score : _____/39Self Assessment: RNA Structure and Protein
Synthesis1. – 3. Draw an RNA nucleotide. How is it similar to/different from DNA?
Name each one and tell its function in transcription/translation (protein synthesis)4. – 5. Describe mRNA. What does it do in transcription/translation?
6. – 7. Describe rRNA. What does it do in transcription/translation?
8. – 9. Describe tRNA. What does it do in transcription/translation?
To the right is a picture of transcription and translation. Label:
A. amino acid B. anticodon C. codon D. DNA E. mRNAF. peptide bondG. polypeptideH. rRNAI. tRNA
10. _____
11. _____
12. _____
13. _____
14. _____ 15. _____
16. _____ 17. _____
18. – 24. Describe transcription by filling in the blank with an appropriate word. (1 point each)
In the _____________________ of the cell, DNA is copied by _____________________, an enzyme, onto a single strand of _____________. Only one part of a chromosome, called a ___________ is copied and it represents the code for one __________________ that runs a function in your body somewhere. Transcription starts at a region called a ___________________________ and ends at a __________________________ signal.
25. – 36. Describe translation by filling in the blank with an appropriate word. (1 point each)
A piece of mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm to a _________________________, which is made out of ___RNA. There, it is “decoded” _________ nucleotides at a time. A sequence on the mRNA called a ______________ matches a sequence on a ___RNA called an ______________________. When this happens an _____________ ______________ is added to the chain. The result is a __________________________, which will later be modified into a protein. The three steps are starting the molecule, ___________________________, continuing to make it bigger, ___________________________ and finishing __________________________. ________________ ribosome can decode a single strand of mRNA at one time.
Decode this piece of DNA using the wheel provided.Here is a DNA strand: G G C T T A C C A T G T A C C
37. The matching RNA strand is:
38. The amino acids would be:
39. There are 64 codons, but only 20 amino acids. Why don’t they match?
Name: __Answer Key__ Score : _39_/39Self Assessment: RNA Structure and Protein
Synthesis1. – 3. Draw an RNA nucleotide. How is it similar to/different from DNA?Similar: Different:
sugar ribose nitrogen base uracil (not
thymine)phosphate single strand
Name each one and tell its function in transcription/translation (protein synthesis)4. – 5. Describe mRNA. What does it do in transcription/translation?Long, single strand; carries code (3 bases … codon) from DNA to be decoded from transcription to translation6. – 7. Describe rRNA. What does it do in transcription/translation?Single strands make up ribosomes (with proteins, too), where polypeptide is made in translation
8. – 9. Describe tRNA. What does it do in transcription/translation?
Single strand, twisted like a clover; matches (3 bases … anticodon) in mRNA and brings 1 and only 1 amino acid in translationTo the right is a picture of transcription and translation. Label:
A. amino acid B. anticodon C. codon D. DNA E. mRNAF. peptide bondG. polypeptideH. rRNAI. tRNA
18. – 24. Describe transcription by filling in the blank with an appropriate word. (1 point each)
In the __nucleus_ of the cell, DNA is copied by _RNA polymerase_, an enzyme, onto a single strand of _mRNA_. Only one
part of a chromosome, called a _gene_ is copied and it represents the code for
one _protein_ that runs a function in your body somewhere. Transcription
10. _D_
11. _E_
12. _C_
13. _I_
14. _B_ 15. _H_
16. _G_ 17. _A_
starts at a region called a __promoter_ and ends at a
_termination_ signal.
25. – 36. Describe translation by filling in the blank with an appropriate word. (1 point each)
A piece of mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm to a
__ribosome_, which is made out of _r_RNA. There, it is “decoded” _3_
nucleotides at a time. A sequence on the mRNA called a _codon_ matches a
sequence on a _t_RNA called an _anticodon_. When this happens an
_amino_ _acid_ is added to the chain. The result is a
_polypeptide_, which will later be modified into a protein. The three
steps are starting the molecule, _initiation_, continuing to make it bigger,
_elongation_ and finishing _termination_. _>1_ ribosome can decode a single strand of mRNA at one time.
Decode this piece of DNA using the wheel provided.Here is a DNA strand: G G C T T A C C A T G T A C C
37. The matching RNA strand is: C C G A A U G G U A C A U G G
38. The amino acids would be: proline–asparagine–glycine–threonine-tryptophan
39. There are 64 codons, but only 20 amino acids. Why don’t they match?
One codon is start
(AUG…methionine), several are stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) and some amino acids have more than one codon (e.g. Valine is UGA, UGC, UGG, UGU)
