NO3-

nitrateAll

sulfateS

O42-

Mostly soluble(except BaSO4, PbSO4 and

CaSO4)

MnO4

-

permanganaP

O43-phosphate

permanganaphosphate

CO3

2-carbonateInsoluble except forNa2CO3, K2CO3 and

(NH4)2CO3

Cr2O7

2-C

r2O72-dichromate

OH-hydroxide

hydroxide

NH4+

ammoniumAll

化合价升高失去电子氧化反应还原剂被氧化化合价降低

ammonium

得到电子还原反应氧化剂被还原升失氧还氧

降得还氧还化合价升高，失去电子，氧化反应，还原剂，被氧化化合价降低，得到电子，还原反应，氧化剂，被还原Translation: if oxidation number increases, electrons have been lost, it’s undergone an oxidation reaction, acted as a reductant and has been oxidised. If oxidation number decreases, electrons have been gained, it’s undergone a reduction reaction, acted as an oxidant and has been reduced.

meth-甲 1eth- 乙 2prop- 丙 3but- 丁 4pent- 戊 5hex- 己 6hept- 庚 7oct- 庚 8

-ane 烷 C-C

-ene 烯 C=C

-anol 醇 -OH

-anoic acid 酸 -

COOHfluoro- 氟 -Fchloro- 氯 -Cl

bromo- 溴 -Briodo- 碘 -I

Tetrahedral 四面体

C

N

Trigonal planar平面三角形

BF3

Linear 直线形

C

V-shaped V形

H

conical

flask

safety

glasses

burette

funnel

lab coat

clamp &

stand

Bunsen

burner

crucible

analytical balance

volumetric

flask

beaker

stir ring rod

spatula

anode阳极electrode where oxidation takes place

cathode阴极

electrode where reduction takes place; electrons always move towards the

cathode

electrochemical cell原电池

a device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy

also called galvanic cell

electrochemical series标准电极电势

a list of chemical species arranged in order of their

strengths as oxidants

electrolyte电解质a solution which contains ions and can be decomposed by

electrolysis

half equation 半反应

equation showing either oxidation or reduction;

electrons are included in the half equation

e.g. Fe(s) Fe2+(aq) + e-

oxidant 氧化剂a substance that undergoes reduction (it gains electrons)

reductant 还原剂a substance that undergoes oxidation (it loses electrons)

AN OIL RIG CAT

Anode: oxidation is loss of electrons

Cathode: reduction is gain of electrons

oxidation 氧化反应

reduction还原反应

oxidation states 氧化数

also called oxidation numbers

salt bridge 盐桥part of the internal circuit of a

galvanic cell; it allows:anions NO3-(aq) to migrate to the

anodecations K+(aq) to migrate to the

cathode