Citation:

Chapter 7 Control by parasites, predators, and competitors. Pages 100-164. In: Insect-Pest Management and Control. Principles of Plant and Animal Pest Control. Washington DC, National Academy of Sciences (United States). Volume 3. Publication 1695, Third Printing, 508 pages.

Keywords: Advantages and kinds, parasitoids, ecological background, application of biocontrol, community studies, types of pest situations, life histories, ecology, and bionomics of entomophagous species, parasitoids, predators, genetic factors, procedures and techniques, introduction of exotic species, foreign exploration, shipment of parasites and predators, quarantine of imported parasites and predators, release and establishment of imported parasites and predators, evaluation of effectiveness of natural enemies, correlation of predator and prey, parasite exclusion evaluation procedures, chemical exclusion techniques, stochastic and mathematical models, natural enemies, modifying the environment, mass production and distribution, competitive displacement, the principle, examples, possibilities and procedures as applied to insect pests, population biology, computers and population biology, analytical procedures, operational procedures,