Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
VSEP – Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam 2015
1
VIETNAM SKILLS FOR EMPLOYMENT PROJECT (VSEP)
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE NUTRACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM Abstract
Within the framework of Activity 2121.8.1 “Study Tour for Vietnamese Hau Giang Community College (HGCC)
Colleges to Canadian Durham College”, Oct. 25 – 31, 2015, a proposal of “the long-term vision of HGCC is
focused on developing advanced programs for pharmaceutical, particularly nutraceutical” was mentioned by
HGCC. For further discussion on this propsal, a Preliminary Study on the Nutraceutical Industry and its labour
needs was carried out. The Study was made mainly on desk study with a limited number of telephone
interviews. The key findings of the Study are as follows:
1. Basic concepts of Nutraceutical and Nutraceutical industry.
2. Legislations and institutional arrangements related to the Nutraceutical industry in Vietnam.
3. The economic growth leads to a significant increase in the Annual Income, and as a result in the Government
and people spending on health. The total health spending per capita in 2009 is 5 times higher than 1995.
The Government expenditure on health per capita in 2012 increased 46.5% in comparison with 2007.
4. The booming of the Nutraceutical industry over the last 15 years Number of products and business in the
Functional foods had increased from 63 and 13 in 2000 to more than 10,000 and 4,500 in 2014, respectively.
5. Some champions in the Nutraceutical industry includes Amway, Hebalife, Nuskin (FDI business), Traphaco,
Mekophar and DHG Pharma (local business)
6. The booming of the technical professional training system in Health and Pharmacy over the last 10 years
with 124 institutions total in 2014. In HCMC the number of technical professional secondary schools in
Health and Pharmacy had increased from 3 in 2007 to 27 in 2013.
7. A Comprehensive Labour Needs Assessment including Impacts of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and
ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) on the Nutraceutical Industry and its labour needs are recommended.
1. Basic concepts of Nutraceuticals and Nutraceutical Industry
Nutraceuticals is a broad umbrella term that is used to describe any product derived from food
sources with extra health benefits in addition to the basic nutritional value found in foods.
Nutraceuticals are products isolated from foods that are generally sold in medicinal forms
Nutraceuticals are foods or food ingredients that provide medical or health benefits including
the prevention and treatment of diseases. A nutraceutical may be a naturally nutrient-rich or
medicinally active food, such as garlic , or it may be a specific component of a food, such as the
omega-3 fish oil that can be derived from salmon and other cold-water fish. (Tomislav Meštrović,
2015).
There are many ways to categorise nutraceuticals. The common one is to categorise them into four
groups: dietary supplements, functional food, medical food and farmaceuticals.
Dietary supplements are products that contains nutrients derived from food products, and often
concentrated in liquid, capsule, powder or pill form. E.g. Vitamins, Minerals, etc.
Functional food includes whole foods and fortified, enriched or enhanced dietary components that
may reduce the risk of chronic disease and provide a health-benefit beyond the traditional nutrients
VSEP – Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam 2015
2
it contains. Examples of function food may be, milk with added DHA, milk with added Soypro
extracted from soybean, Omega-3 enriched eggs, Orange juice with added vitamin D, Yogurt with
probiotics, etc.
Medical foods are foods specifically formulated for dietary management of diseases or conditions
with distinctive nutritional needs that cannot be met by diet alone. Some examples of medical foods
can be Axona® (caprylic triglyceride) for dietary management of Alzheimer disease, OXEPA® - for
the dietary management of critically ill patients with lung injury, etc.
Farmaceuticals are medically valuable components produced from modified agricultural crops or
animals. They are medicines produced by using crops (and possibly even animals) as
pharmaceutical factories, not by conventional methods, such as herbal, traditional medicines from
plants, animals, etc.
The nutraceutical industry represents a dynamic, evolving entity that offers novel opportunities to
merge scientific discovery with growing consumer interest in health-enhancing foods. It tracks and
monitors consumer trends, thus the products of this industry can represent a direct response to
their demands. The nutraceutical industry encompasses three main segments which include
functional foods, dietary supplements, and herbal/natural products.
The nutraceutical industry bridges the sectors of food production and medicine as Hippocrates
highlighted around 2,000 years ago “Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food”. The
industry has strengthened their linkages, particularly with agriculture including crop farming, animal
husbandry and aquaculture.
2. Legislations and Institutional arrangements for the Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam
The legislation system in Vietnam from top down includes laws adopted by the National Assembly,
decrees issued by the Government and circulars issued by relevant ministries. With such orders
the pharmaceutical industry in general and the nutraceutical industry in particular are regulated by
the following key legislations:
1. Law on Pharmacy 2005
2. Law on Food Safety 2010
3. Law on Products and Goods Quality 2007
4. Decree 79/2006 issued by the Government to guide implementation of Law on Pharmacy
5. Decree 38/2012 issued by the Government to guide implementation of Law on Food Safety
6. Decree 132/2008 issued by the Government to guide implementation of Law on Products
and Goods Quality
7. Circular 43/2014 issued by MoH to guide management of Functional Food Trade and
Production
Copies of the legislations mentioned are shown in the Annex 2, some of them has English versions.
At the central government, the authority agency with a lead role in the nutraceutical industry is
Ministry of Health (MoH), in which two technical advisory departments are Vietnam Food
Administration (VFA) and Drug Administration of Vietnam (DAV).
At the provincial government, the authority agency in charge of the nutraceutical business is the
provincial department of Health (DoH), under which the technical advisory bodies are Pharmacy
Management and Division and Food Hygiene and Safety Sub-Department.
VSEP – Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam 2015
3
There are two associations relating to pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. They are Vietnam
Pharmaceutical companies Association (VNPCA) and Vietnam Association of Functional Foods
(VAFF). Both VNPCA and VAFF are not governmental agencies (regulatory bodies) but established
under the Government’s decision and receive some funding from the Government (i.e. MoH)
VNPCA is an organization that constitutes Vietnam local companies conducting pharmaceuticals-
related manufacture, business, services, supply, scientific research, consultancy and training
activities, accessing to the Association and complying with the Charter of the Association on a
voluntary basis with the aim of boosting the effectiveness and development of the pharmaceutical
sector of Vietnam for the contribution to Vietnam’s development (VNPCA Charter)
VAFF is a social occupational organisation of businesses, institutions, entrepreneurs and
Vietnamese citizens involved in the areas of production, trading, marketing, scientific research,
application, transfer of technology for dietary supplements (VAFF Charter)
The aims of the association are to:
Educate consumers on how to use dietary supplements properly, scientifically.
Provide support and guidance to members involved in the production and consumption of
dietary supplements.
Expand the domestic and export market.
Develop the dietary supplement industry in Vietnam into a strong, fast growing and
sustainable industry.
Positively contribute to the improvement and protection of public health
The institutional arrangement for the Nutraceutical industry in Vietnam is illustrated in the Figure
below.
VSEP – Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam 2015
4
Figure 1: Institutional arrangement for the Nutraceutical industry in Vietnam
Reporting and receive funding Reporting and receive some funding
3. A significant increase in health expenditure
Using of functional food has become a global trend. In US, 70% the population now uses functional
food. The value of functional food market in the US has increased from 27 billion USD in 2007 to
90 billion USD in 2013 (Le Van Truyen, 2014). Vietnam is not outside this trend. According to a
survey carried out by Vietnam Food Administration (VFA) of MoH in 2011 the percentage of adults
in Hanoi and HCMC using functional foods are 63% and 43& respectively.
However, in Vietnam the economic growth has made an important contribution to promote the
trend. Thanks to the economic development, the GDP and the Government spending on health has
increased significantly (see the Table below)
Central Government
DAV VFA
MoH
VNPCA VAFF
Local Government (Provincial People’s Committee - PPC)
Pharmacy Management Division Food Hygiene and Safety Sub-Department
DoH
VSEP – Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam 2015
5
Table 1: GDP and Government spending on health, 2007 – 2012
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
GDP (in billion USD) 69.26 79.49 91.28 104.29 119.60 146.66
GoV spending on health (% of GDP) 1.68% 1.69% 1.68% 1.66% 1.68% 1.70%
Expenditure per capita on health (in USD) 12.90 13.90 15.00 16.20 17.50 18.90
Source: DAV, 2013
The income of Vietnamese people has been increased significantly and promoted their expenditure
including on health.
Figure 2: Annual Income and Expenditures: Actual for 2006 – 2013 and Forecast for 2014 - 2020
Source: Euromonitor, 2013
Euromonitor has forecast that in the period of 2014 – 2020 the annual income and expenditure in
Vietnam may increase at 5.9% and 6.1% per year respectively.
Vietnamese people has paid more and more attention to their health conditions. The Consumer’s
Report of Nielsen, 2013 has indicated the top three concerns of Vietnamese people as economy,
employment and health. In 1995 the spending per capita in Vietnam was less than 20
USD/person/year, much lower than Philippines and Indonesia but increased to near 80
USD/person/year (5 times increase), which is higher than Philippines and Indonesia
VSEP – Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam 2015
6
Figure 3: Health spending per capita
Source: Nielsen, 2013
4. The booming of the Nutraceutical industry
Some parts of the Nutraceutical industry has had long history of development such as
herbal/natural products and dietary supplements, some parts of it has been booming recently
particularly the functional foods (see the table and figure below)
Table 2: Development of Functional Food Industry, 2000 - 2014
2000 2005 2009 2014
Number of business entities involved with functional food
13 143 1,114 4,500
Number of products 63 - - 10,000 (*)
(*): 40% of them is imported products
Source: VAFF, 2014
Figure 4: Number of Functional Food facilities, 2005 – 2013
Source: Moore, 2014
VSEP – Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam 2015
7
In HCMC, the number of facilities for trade and production of Functional Food in 2013 increased
226% in comparison with 2012 (Moore, 2014)
According to Vietnam Food Administration (VFA) of Ministry of Health (MoH) in 2014, 50% of adult
population in HCMC is using functional food and almost 100% of pharmaceutical business has
involved with trade and production of nutraceuticals, mainly functional food, with the big names as
Company Limited Central Pharmacy 1 (CCP 1, Hanoi-based), Company Limited Central Pharmacy
2 (CCP 2, HCMC-based), etc. Many big names in the food industry including ones with foreign
investment have also joined the nutraceutical area such as Vinamilk, Dutchlady Milk, etc.
Below is the List of main pharmaceutical companies engaged with nutraceuticals mainly functional
food in Vietnam:
1. Company Limited Central Pharmacy 1 (CCP1) – Ha Noi
2. Company Limited Central Pharmacy 2 (CCP 2) - HCMC (*)
3. Mekophar – HCMC(*)
4. 3/2 F.T.PHARMA – HCMC (*)
5. Agimexpharm - An Giang (*)
6. DHG Pharma - Hau Giang (*)
7. Imexpharm - Đong Thap (*)
8. Domesco - Đong Thap (*)
9. Glomed - Binh Duong (*)
10. Bayer – HCMC (*)
11. Vidipha - HCMC (*)
12. Pharmedic - HCMC (*)
13. OPC - HCMC (*)
14. Hataphar - Ha Noi
15. Pharbaco - Ha Noi
16. Mediplantex - Ha Noi
17. Traphaco – Ha Noi
18. Napharco - Nam Đinh
19. Bidiphar - Binh Đinh
20. Pymepharco - Phu Yen
21. ICA Biotechnological & Pharmaceuticals- HCMC (*)
22. SPM - HCMC (*)
23. Dong Nam Pharma - HCMC (*)
24. Boston - HCMC (*)
25. Vinapharm – Ha Noi
26. Quang Minh mediphar - HCMC (*)
27. Luu Cong Pharmaceutical – Ha Noi
The main business in the Industry with foreign direct investment (FDI) are
1. Amway Vietnam – HCMC (*)
2. Herbalife – HCMC(*)
3. Nuskin - Hanoi
4. Sanofi Aventis – France, HCMC (*)
5. Novartis – Swizerland, HCMC (*)
6. United Pharma - Philippines, United Pharma, HCMC (*)
VSEP – Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam 2015
8
7. Ranbaxy – India, Ha Noi
8. Shinpoong Daewoo Vietnam Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd – South Korea, HCMC (*)
9. Korea United Pharm – South Korea, Binh Duong (*)
10. OPV – USA, Dong Nai (*)
11. Ampharco – USA, HCMC (*)
12. Stada – Germany, HCMC (*)
13. BOSTON PHARMA – USA, HCMC (*)
Notice: (*): Location of Head Office and/or factories in HCMC and its surroundings.
As shown in the List above, 67.5% (27 out of 40) of the
pharmaceutical companies are in the South, particularly in HCMC
and Mekong River Delta region.
The address and contact details of the business in the above list
are shown in the Annex 1
Figure 5: Location of pharmaceutical business in Vietnam
(source: ViettinbankSc, 2013)
5. Champions in the Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam
Foreign direct investment (FDI) business sector
Among the foreign direct investment (FDI) business sector in the functional food, Amway Vietnam,
Herbalife and NuSkin are the top names
Amway Vietnam has started business in Vietnam since 2008 with a factory of household products,
including functional foods. The functional foods has risen quickly from the 3rd position in the
revenue structure of Amway products to the top one. According to Mr. How Kam Chiong, CEO
Amway Vietnam, Amway Vietnam is trading 13 products with growth rate up to 20% per year and
their total turnover increase of more than 40% since 2013. Recently, the 2nd factory with 20 million
USD investment of Amway Vietnam has erected in Binh Duong province focusing on functional
food production. Sales of Amway Vietnam in 2013 reached 70 million USD. Now Amway Vietnam
has had around 450 staff and 300,000 distributors in 10 provinces and cities across the country
and a Training Centre located in HCMC.
Starting business in Vietnam later than Amway but Herbalife Vietnam during the past 3 years
consistently achieved annual growth at 50% or higher, standing at the16th position on Business
Development Index (BDI) among Herbalife Group globally. Hertbalife main products are nutritional
supplements, functional foods and cosmetics.
VSEP – Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam 2015
9
Nuskin opened its office in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi in early 2013 providing some 20 anti-ageing
products and 5 functional foods. According to Ms. Pakapin Leevutinun, Executive Chairman of
Nuskin Thailand and Vietnam, the annual revenue growth rate of Nuskin Vietnam is 30-50% and
the turnover of 2013 was 15 million USD.
Local business
The local champion pharmaceutical companies may include Traphaco, Mekophar and DHG
Pharma.
The turnover of Mekophar in 2013 is about 59 million USD
Figure 6: Turnover of Pharmaceuticals including Nutraceuticals of Mekophar in 2003 – 2013
(in billion VND)
Source: Mekophar, 2014
DHG Pharmaceutical Joint-Stock (DHG PHARMA)
DHG Pharmaceutical Joint-Stock (DHG PHARMA) has been recognized as a leading company of
Vietnam Pharmaceutical industry with more than 30-year development. Products of DHG are
mainly pharmaceuticals, dietary supplement, functional foods and cosmetics. It has the strongest
contribution system among pharmaceutical companies in
Vietnam with 14 branches and 38 agencies across the country.
Its products appears in 98% of hospitals and medical facilities
in Vietnam. The turnover and profit of DHG increased some
50% per year during the period of 2006-2008. At the moment
DHG Pharma has 17 member companies of which 14 are
involved with trading of functional foods including Song Hau
Pharma established in 2007 specializing in nutraceuticals,
veterinary pharmaceuticals and cosmetics (Vietcombank
Security, 2008). The total labour force of DHG was 2,485 (2011)
and about 3,000 (2015), of which the number of people working
in the Nutraceutical assembly lines is about 300 (DHG, 2015).
VSEP – Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam 2015
10
Figure 7:: Areas with DHG Pharma distributors
In an interview with Bloomberg in 2014, Ms. Pham Thi Viet Nga, CEO of DHG Pharma revealed
that she had planned to increase the turnover contributing rate of the functional foods to the total
turnover of DHG, from 8% in 2014 to 15% in 5 year time. The turnover of products manufactured
at DHG increased 17.3%, 11.1% and 18.8% in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. Up to 2015 the
total number of functional products of DHG Pharma is 56. Their turnover in 2012, 2013 and 2014
(in billion VND) are 180, 318 and 224 respectively.
The company leadership expresses their interest in cooperation with the Hau Giang Community
College to develop a program on Nutraceutical production, particularly on those using available
products from the agriculture and aquaculture sectors in the Mekong Delta region. An example of
it is the production of collagen from shrimps. With such strengths, DHG can be considered as one
of potential partners of HGCC and VSEP in the process to develop programs in the Nutraceuticals.
6. The booming of the Technical Professional Training System in Health and Pharmacy
The booming of the Nutraceutical industry has resulted in an increase of labourers working in the
sector. For example, in Hau Giang Pharmaceutical Company (DHG) in Nov. 2015, amongst its total
number of labourer of 3,000 persons, there are some 300 working in the Nutraceutical assembly
lines. Over the last three years, 2013 – 2015 the number of labourers working in the Nutraceutical
assembly lines of DHG has increase some 15% per year (Doan Dinh Duy Khuong, DHG, 2015).
Responding to the increasing demand on labour from the Nutraceutical industry, the Technical
Professional Training System in Health and Pharmacy has had a huge development over the last
10 years. Only in HCMC, the number of technical professional secondary schools in Health and
Pharmacy had increased from 3 in 2007 to 27 in 2013. ( 9 times in 6 years!)
Human resources for the Pharmaceutical sector in general and Nutraceutical industry in particular
have been officially covered by the professional training system in Health and Pharmacy. According
to MoET statistics 2014, the system has 124 training institutions including 30 universities, 44 high
schools and 50 technical secondary schools (see Table below)
VSEP – Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam 2015
11
Table 3: Professional Training System in Pharmaceuticals in Vietnam
Categories of Training Institution in the System Number
University of Pharmacy (in Hanoi) 1
Medical University having a faculty in Pharmacy 18
General University having a faculty in Pharmacy 11
Sub-Total of Universities 30
High School of Pharmacy 2
Medical High School 34
General High School having a faculty in Pharmacy 8
Sub-Total of High Schools 44
Technical Secondary School of Pharmacy 2
Medical Technical Secondary Schools having a faculty in Pharmacy 35
General Technical Secondary Schools having a faculty in
Pharmacy 13
Sub-Total of Technical Secondary Schools 50
TOTAL 124
Source: MOET, 2014
It seems that there is no technical training programs specializing in Nutraceuticals at every levels
in the System.
It is obvious that the booming in Nutraceutical business has resulted in the booming in the technical
professional training in human health and Pharmacy.
According to DAV Report the total number of pharmacists having university degree and higher in
Vietnam excluding those working at training facilities under MoH management in 2010 is 15,150,
of which 46.37% is in Hanoi and HCMC, 13.74% in the Mekong River Delta region and 82.65% in
the Pharmaceutical Industry. In the Pharmaceutical Industry, 71.67% of the pharmacists in in the
marketing sector, only 28.33 working in the production sector. DAV has also forecasted that in 2020
Vietnam may need 26,453 pharmacists having university degree and higher, i.e. increase of
174.61% in comparison with 2010.
Last but not least is the establishment of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), which has planned
to be borne by Dec. 31, 2015 with commitment of free labour movement among its nation members.
The AEC is estimated to have GDP of 2,200 billion USD and average income of 3,100 USD per
capita per year. But the gap in the average income is very big, from 1,000 USD per capita per year
in Cambodia to 40,000 USD in Singapore. It may be significant motivation for the labour movement
within the Community. AEC may create 14 million jobs for the region. Vietnam labour force is a
sixth of the labour force of the region but usually lack of soft skills such as team work,
communication and low technical skills. It is no doubt that the establishment of AEC would have
impacts on the labour market in general and for the Nutraceutical industry. A similar story may
happen when the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) which Vietnam is a member to join is becoming
effective. In both cases a research on their impacts to the labour market of the Nutraceutical
industry is recommendable.
VSEP – Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam 2015
12
5. Conclusions and recommendations
Conclusions:
1. Nutraceuticals are products isolated from foods that are generally sold in medicinal forms.
They are commonly categorised into four groups: dietary supplements, functional food,
medical food and farmaceuticals.
2. The nutraceutical industry represents a dynamic, evolving entity that offers novel
opportunities to merge scientific discovery with growing consumer interest in health-
enhancing foods. It tracks and monitors consumer trends, thus the products of this industry
can represent a direct response to their demands. It encompasses three main segments
which include functional foods, dietary supplements, and herbal/natural products
3. The nutraceutical industry in Vietnam has been regulated by Law on Pharmacy 2005, Law
on Food Safety 2010 and Law on Products and Goods Quality 2007, and other relevant
legislations under the three laws mentioned before. The Government agencies in charge
of the industry are Ministry of Health (MoH) at the central level and Department of Health
(DoH) at the provincial level
4. There are two association in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries: Vietnam
Pharmaceutical companies Association (VNPCA) and Vietnam Association of Functional
Foods (VAFF).
5. Thanks to the successful economic growth, the spending of the Government and people
on health has increased significantly resulting in the booming of the nutraceutical industry,
particularly the functional food over the last 10 years. The number of functional food
business has increased from 13 in 2000, to >4,500 in 2014; the number of functional food
products has increased from 63 in 2000 to >10,000 in 2014, 40% of which is imported.
6. The champions in the functional food are Amway, Herbalife, Nuskin (FDI business) and
Traphaco, Mekophar and DGH Pharma (local business).
7. The professional training system in Health and Pharmacy has 124 institutions including 30
universities, 40 high schools and 50 technical secondary schools. Among them there are
only five specializing in Pharmacy (one university, 2 high schools and 2 technical
secondary schools. There is no technical professional training programs on Nutraceuticals.
Recommendations
A comprehensive labour market needs assessment in the Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam,
particularly in the Mekong River Delta region is strongly recommended.
The objectives of the Assessment should be to advise VSEP on the relevance and feasibility of the
proposal to develop a technical professional training program at HGCC.
The Assessment should have expected outputs as follows:
1. The actual situation in details of labour force working in the Nutraceutical industry
2. Forecast of labour needs in the Nutraceutical Industry in 3-5 years’ time in term of quantity
(number of labourers) and quality (labourer’s competency)
3. Jobs in the Nutraceutical industry and the required knowledge and skills to performer those
jobs in the Industry
4. Existing knowledge and skills of labour force working in the Nutraceutical industry,
particularly in the Mekong River Delta region
VSEP – Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam 2015
13
5. Any gaps between the required competency and the actual one in the Industry
6. Technical professional training programs in Nutraceuticals at different levels but focusing
the levels of high school, technical secondary schools and short courses in terms of
program design, curriculum, materials, delivery, facilities for Apprenticeship training,
evaluation, employment rate among graduates, etc.
7. Possible outlines of the technical professional training program on Nutraceuticals at high
and technical secondary schools
8. Impacts of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)
on the Nutraceutical Industry and its labour needs
The Assessment should collect quantitative and qualitative data from the regulatory bodies (i.e.
Government agencies in charge of Nutraceutical industry), the Nutraceutical industry (management
staff, technical staff and workers), the Technical professional training system (management staff,
training staff and students) and other key stakeholders (associations, trade unions, etc.)
The Assessment should focus on the high and technical secondary school level in the Technical
professional training system.
In term of geography, the Assessment should focus on the Mekong River Delta region.
VSEP – Nutraceutical Industry in Vietnam 2015
14
6. List of people contacted
1. Ha Hong Van, Rector of Hau Giang Community College
2. Pham Thi Viet Nga, CEO of Hau Giang Pharmaceutical Company (DHG Pharma)
3. Doan Dinh Duy Khuong, Deputy CEO, DHG Pharma
4. Tran Dang, Chairman of Vietnam Association of Functional Foods (VAFF).
5. Tran Dang Phu, Mekophar Representative in Can Tho
7. List of literature reviewed
1. VSEP – Labour Market Needs Assessment 2015 (English)
2. VSEP – Study Tour Mission Report – Hau Giang Community College to Durham College, 2015
(English)
3. Vietnam Market of Functional Food 2000 – 2012, Tran Dang, VAFF (Vietnamese)
4. Pharmaceutical Industry of Vietnam, VietinbankSc, 2014 (Vietnamese)
5. Pharmacy Sector Report, 2014, FPT Security, 2014 (Vietnamese)
6. Functional Food in Vietnam, Moore, 2014 (Vietnamese)
7. Analysis of Vietnam Pharmaceutical Industry, Vietcombank Security, 2008 (Vietnamese)
8. List of training institutions in Medicine and Pharmacy, MOET, 2014 (Vietnamese)
9. Health Statistics 2009 – 2013, MoH (Vietnamese)
10. Human Resource data of the Pharmaceutical Industry 2010 and Forecast to 2020, DAV
(Vietnamese)
11. Law on Pharmacy 2005 (English)
12. Law on Food Safety 2010 (Vietnamese)
13. Law on Products and Goods Quality 2007 (English)
14. Decree 79/2006 issued by the Government to guide implementation of Law on Pharmacy
(Vietnamese)
15. Decree 38/2012 issued by the Government to guide implementation of Law on Food Safety
(Vietnamese)
16. Decree 132/2008 issued by the Government to guide implementation of Law on Products and
Goods Quality (Vietnamese)
17. Circular 43/2014 issued by MoH to guide management of Functional Food Trade and
Production (Vietnamese)
18. Websites of pharmaceutical companies
Author contact details:
Nguyen Duc Tam (Mr), VSEP Consultant
Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Skype: ductamn
Phone: +84 (0) 982 961 347
