Video Photography

8/2/2019 Video Photography

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VIDEO PHOTOGRAPHY

image recording seems to consist of two isolated realities video and stillphotography


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Two things

Access to a video camera

Patience

Terminology

Shot,

basically from when press record to stop recording Framing & Composition,

the picture see in the viewfinder (or on a monitor)

Transition

The way in which any two video shots are joined together is called the

transition.


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Pan

Side-to-side camera movement.

Tilt Up-and-down camera movement.

Zoom

In-and-out camera movement (i.e. closer and more distant).

Iris (Exposure) The opening which lets light into the camera. A wider iris means more

light and a brighter picture.

White balance

Adjusting the colours until they look natural and consistent.

Shutter Analogous to the shutter in a still camera.

Audio

Sound which is recorded to go with the pictures.


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Planning - "plan and shoot

Shoot Plan

Planning to Edit

Post-production

In-Camera


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Video Formats and Standards

CRT based televisions to flat LCD and plasma screens -digital TV - HD (High Definition) standards

CRT displays - 50fps or 60fps (frames per second)

Video has 30 FPS

720P / 1080i / 1080P

720 and 1080 refer to the vertical resolution - the number of

horizontal lines on screen 720 vertical lines one gets a width of 1280 pixels

720 X 1280 = 921,600 pixel of overall resolution

1080 standard provides 1920 horizontal pixels of resolution

1080 X 1920 provides 2,073,600 pixels of resolution


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Tape, Hard Drives, and Memory Cards

Video tapes - film, tape is an ongoing expense

HDV tape will pretty much disappear as an offering innew camcorders

Hard drives or solid state media

Current cameras feature drives with between 60 -120GB

camera using AVCHD compression shoots about 6 10GB per hour

Camcorders which use SD (preferably the highercapacity SDHC) memory cards are much smaller and

lighter than those that use hard drives


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Formats & Code

Analog

Lo-Band: Approximately 3 megahertz bandwidth(250 lines EIAresolution or ~333x480 edge-to-edge)

Hi-Band : Approximately 5 megahertz bandwidth (420 linesEIA resolution or ~550x480 edge-to-edge)

Digital

MiniDV (1995), DVD (1995)- Mini DVD-R or DVD-RAM, DV(1996), D-VHS (1998), Digital8 (1999), MICROMV (2001), Blu-ray Disc (2003), HDV (2004), MPEG-2 codec based format,H.264, AVCHD (Advanced Video Coding High Definition),Multiview Video Coding


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Camera Parts & Functions


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1. Lens cover2. LCD screen3. Turn on LCD screen

4. Volume button5. Battery6. Battery lock7. Power button8. Record start/stop button9. Power from the adaptor jack insert10. Place rope handy camera lens

11. Battery information12. Lamp button13. Button for choose color quality14. Lens15. Microphone16. Lamp sign record17. Infrared for record in dark place18. Control button video19. The use of light20. Fadder button21. Back light button22. Focus button23. Remote sensor lights


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Most domestic camcorders can do just about everythingautomatically

Auto-functions usually perform well enough, there will besome situations they can't cope with (e.g. bad lightingconditions).

To get the best results or obtain a particular effect it is oftennecessary to over-ride auto-functions and go manual.

Two Types of Camera Analog camcorder

Digital camcorder


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Analog camcorder

two basic parts:

1 - A camera section, consisting of a CCD, lens and motors tohandle the zoom, focus and aperture

2 - A VCR section, in which a typical TV VCR is shrunk downto fit in a much smaller space.

The camera component's function is to receive visualinformation and interpret it as an electronic video signal.

Electronic video signal and records it on video tape asmagnetic patterns

A third component, the viewfinder, receives the video imageas well - modern camcorders also have larger full-color LCDscreens.

There are many formats for analog camcorders, and manyextra features

The main variable is what kind of storage tape they use.

Analog information, on the other hand, "fades" with each copy-- the copying process doesn't reproduce the original signalexactly.


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Digital camcorders Digital camcorders have all these same elements

Have an added component that takes the analog information thecamera gathers and translates it to bytes of data.

Records the picture and sound as 1s and 0s.

Digital camcorders are so popular because you can copy 1s and0s very easily without losing any of the information

Video information in digital form can also be loaded onto

computers, where you can edit it, copy it, e-mail it and manipulateit.


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The CCD (charge-coupled device)

Film camera, - "sees" the world through lenses.

Lenses serve to focus the light from a scene onto film treated withchemicals that have a controlled reaction to light & camera filmrecords the scene in front of it.

It picks up greater amounts of light from brighter parts of the scene,and lower amounts of light from darker parts of the scene.

Instead of focusing it onto film, it shines the light onto a smallsemiconductor image sensor.

CCD - measures light with a half-inch (about 1 cm) panel of 300,000to 500,000 tiny light-sensitive diodes called photosites.

Each photosite measures the amount of light (photons) Translates this information into electrons (electrical charges)

A brighter image is represented by a higher electrical charge, and adarker image is represented by a lower electrical charge.


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To create a color image

camcorder has to detect not only thetotal light levels, but also the levels of

each color of light. the full spectrum of colors by combining

the three colors red, green and blue

a beam splitter separates a signal intothree different versions

one showing the level of red light, oneshowing the level of green light and oneshowing the level of blue light.

Each of these images is captured by itsown chip

The camera then overlays these threeimages and the intensities of thedifferent primary colors blend to producea full-color image.


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The Lens

The first step in recording a video image is to focus light

onto the CCD, using a lens. Focus

Auto-focus is strictly for amateurs

Autofocus device, usually an infrared beam that bounces offobjects in the center of the frame and comes back to a sensoron the camcorder

To find the distance to the object, the processor calculates howlong it takes the beam to bounce and return

Small motor that moves the lens, focusing it on objects at thisdistance

Manual focus difficult, but if want to be any good at all, good

focus control is essential.

Focus ring at the front of the lens housing

Turn the ring clockwise for closer focus, anti-clockwise formore distant focus.


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zoom lens

Camcorders are also equipped with a zoom lens(opticalzooms)

Attached motor that adjusts the zoom lens in response to asimple toggle control on the grip

The function which moves your point of view closer to, orfurther away from, the subject

Magnify a scene by increasing the focal length of the lens

Further zoom in, the more difficult it is to keep the picturesteady

Digital zooms stabilize magnified pictures a little better thanoptical zooms


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Iris

Adjustable opening (aperture), which controls the amount

of light coming through the lens Turn clockwise to close and anticlockwise to open.

Shutter

Video camera shutters work quite differently from still filmcamera shutters but the result is basically the same.

The shutter "opens" and "closes" once for each frame ofvideo

25 times per second for PAL and 30 times per second forNTSC


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White Balance

White balance means colour balance

It a "true white" reference

Which tells the camera what each colour should look like

"Auto-white" means the completely automatic function (no userinput at all).

"Manual-white" means the operation described below.

"Colour correction" means any other method of adjusting colours.

Audio

Cameras come with built-in microphones, usually hi-fi stereo.

Range of frequencies detectable by the human ear approximately 20Hz to 20kHz.

Most cameras have an "auto-gain control", which adjusts theaudio level automatically.

Many cameras have a "low-cut filter", sometimes referred to as a"wind-noise filter" or something similar.


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Effects

Cameras come with a selection of built-in digital effects

Such as digital still, mix, strobe, etc. These can be verycool, or they can be very clumsy and tacky

Framing

Shots are all about composition - process of creating

composition Rather than pointing the camera at the subject, you

need to compose an image

Type of Shots


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EWS (Extreme Wide Shot) VWS (Very Wide Shot) WS (Wide Shot)

MS (Mid Shot)MCU (Medium Close Up) CU (Close Up)

ECU (Extreme Close Up) CA (Cutaway)
http://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/very-wide-shot.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/extreme-wide-shot.html

Documents

Video Photography