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Victorianism, imperialism & Early Modernism. Introduction to Humanities. Fun facts. 1881: Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (Tombstone, Arizona) between Wyatt Earp/Earp Brothers/Doc Holliday and outlaw cowboys. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Introduction to Humanities
VICTORIANISM,IMPERIALISM &
EARLY MODERNISM
When Seurat first revealed his painting La Grande Jatte, the critics hated his departure from strict Impressionism
1881: Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (Tombstone, Arizona) between Wyatt Earp/Earp Brothers/Doc Holliday and outlaw cowboys
FUN FACTS
1871: Foundation of German Empire 1876: Invention of telephone 1879: Invention of electric light 1883-85: Nietzsche writes Thus Spake
Zarathustra 1885: Invention of gasoline automobile 1899: Freud writes The Interpretation of
Dreams 1902: Conrad writes Heart of Darkness 1905: Einstein publishes Theory of
Relativity 1914-1918: World War I 1915: First major motion picture: Birth of
a Nation (racist depiction of Civil War era) 1918 & 1920: Women earn right to vote in
U.K. and U.S., respectively
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Impressionist Art
Fauvism & Cubism
Post-Impressionist Art
Imperialism
Second Industrial Revolution
Capitalism, Communism, and Nationalism
Victorianism vs. Avant-Garde
KEY WORDS/PRINCIPLES
June 1914: Assassination of heir to Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Francis Ferdinand
August 1914: Germany and Austria vs. Russia, France, and U.K. United States enters in April
1917 Germans sink Lusitania in 1915
(128 Americans aboard) Germans sink several U.S.
commercial liners
Trench warfare
Poison gas
Machine guns
All Quiet on the Western Front, 1979
WORLD WAR I (1914-1918)
Friedrich Nietzsche Thus Spake Zarathustra,
1883-85 (Four parts) Overman Will to power
First modernist philosopher (along with Kierkegaard) Precursor to
existentialismPredicted war and
moral decline of 20 th century
“Absolutist” theories of past built on non-exist principles
“God is dead”
PHILOSOPHYCan you give yourself your own evil and your own good and hang your own will over yourself as a law? Can you be your own judge and avenger of your law? Terrible it is to be alone with the judge and avenger of one’s own law. Thus is a star thrown out into the void and into the icy breath of solitude. Today you are still suffering from the many, being one: today your courage and your hopes are still whole. But the time will come when solitude will make you weary, when your pride will double up, and your courage gnash its teeth. And you will cry, I am alone! The time will come when that which seems high to you will no longer be in sight, and that which seems low will be all-too-near; even what seems sublime to you will frighten you like a ghost. And you will cry, All is false!
(…) But the worst enemy you can encounter will always be you, yourself; you lie in wait for yourself in caves and woods.
Sigmund FreudIdSuperegoEgo
Psychoanalysis
Carl JungCollective unconsciousDream AnalysisTheories led to
development of Myers-Briggs indicator Extroversion vs.
Introversion Intuitive vs. Sensing Feeling vs. Thinking Judging vs. Perceiving
PSYCHOLOGY
Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, 1902Apocalypse Now, 1979
Kate Chopin, The Awakening, 1899
LITERATURE
“I was within a hair’s-breadth of the last opportunity for pronouncement, and I found with humiliation that probably I would have nothing to say. This is the reason why I affirm that Kurtz was a remarkable man. He had something to say. He said it. . . . He had summed up—he had judged. ‘The horror!’ He was a remarkable man.”
"'Woman, my dear friend, is a very peculiar and delicate organism--a sensitive and highly organized woman, such as I know Mrs. Pontellier to be, is especially peculiar. It would require an inspired psychologist to deal successfully with them. And when ordinary fellows like you and me attempt to cope with their idiosyncrasies the result is bungling. Most women are moody and whimsical. This is some passing whim of your wife, due to some cause or cause which you and I needn't try to fathom.'"
Lewis Carroll Through the Looking-Glass (1871)
Oscar Wilde The Importance of Being Earnest (1895)
Robert Louis Stevenson Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886)
Rudyard Kipling The Jungle Book (1894)
LITERATURE
PoetsWilliam Butler Yeats
The Second Coming Turning and turning in the
widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity.
Alfred Lord Tennyson Ulysses Tho' much is taken, much
abides; and thoughWe are not now that strength which in old daysMoved earth and heaven; that which we are, we are;One equal temper of heroic hearts,Made weak by time and fate, but strong in willTo strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.
LITERATURE
Impressionism Claude Monet, Water Lilies, 1906
ART
Pointillism Georges Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La
Grande Jatte, 1884-86
ART
Abstraction Paul Cezanne, Still Life with a Curtain, 1895
ART
Primitivism Paul Gauguin, Tahitian Women on the Beach, 1891
ART
Expressionism Vincent Van Gogh, Wheatfield with Crows, 1890
ART
Fauvism Henri Matisse, The Joy of Life, 1905
ART
Cubism Pablo Picasso, Three Musicians, 1921
ART
Russian Abstract Wassily Kandinsky, Composition VII, 1913
ART
Frank Lloyd Wright, Wright House and Studio, 1889
ARCHITECTURE
Claude Debussy
Igor Stravinsky
Rise of Jazz & Blues “Dallas Blues” (Hart Wand) 1912
Ragtime
MUSIC