Victoria Building Analyze-Report

Comprehensive and Integrated Building Analysis

The Chang School of Continuing Education – IPLAN Architecture

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Project Scope 1.2. Project Team 1.3. Project Approach 1.4.

VICTORIA BUILDING 285 Victoria Street Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W1

IPLAN Cohort 11 Group 2 Riddhi Desai Ghazal Fateh Janice Aruelo Kola Akinyemi

CKAR205/CKAR310/CKAR785 Final Group Project August 10, 2016

Comprehensive and Integrated Building Analysis

The Chang School of Continuing Education – IPLAN Architecture

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 1 Project scope, team and approach

2. GENERAL PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW 2 - 3 Assigned building, location, brief history, building timeline and analysis scope

3. ONTARIO BUILDING CODES AND REGULATIONS 4 - 7

3.1. Introduction 3.2. Compliance and General 3.3. Building Classification 3.4. Building Fire Safety 3.5. Safety within Floor Areas 3.6. Exits 3.7. Plumbing Fixtures 3.8. Barrier-Free Requirements 3.9. Barrier-Free Design 3.10. Conclusion

4. MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION 8 - 11 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Structural Components 4.3. Building Enclosure or Envelope 4.4. Interior Components 4.5. Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 4.6. Conclusion

5. BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (REVIT) 12 - 15

5.1. Introduction 5.2. BIM Definition 5.3. Strategic Documentation Approach 5.4. Worksharing 5.5. Worksets 5.6. Challenges and Solution 5.7. Conclusion

6. OVERALL CONCLUSION 16 7. REFERENCES 17 APPENDIX

1 Comprehensive and Integrated Building Analysis

IPLAN Cohort 11 Group 2 – Victoria Building of Ryerson University

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Project Scope The assignment calls for a comprehensive and integrated building analysis of selected buildings in the campus of Ryerson University. The objective is to evaluate and analyze assigned building applying knowledge gained from the program including technical courses covered in the IPLAN program, namely, Ontario Building Code and Regulations, Materials and Methods of Construction and Building Information Modelling in Revit in North American standards in a collaborative work environment. 1.2. Project Team IPLAN Cohort 11 Group 2, a team of diversely skilled members, demonstrated diligence and enthusiasm in contribution of idea, knowledge and resources from beginning until project completion.

Riddhi Desai Project Manager

Janice Aruelo Materials and

Methods

Ghazal Fateh Ontario Building

Code

Kola Akinyemi BIM/Revit Manager

1.3. Project Approach A meeting initiated as soon as the assigned Ryerson building was confirmed. First, by familiarizing with the project scope based on the building package information provided, next was assessment of members’ skills and lastly, delegation of responsibilities. A follow-up meeting was held to discuss further the project details focusing on items that needs to be prioritized based on the outlined checklist prepared by the project manager in reference to the final assignment criteria provided by the instructors. The group arranged a site visit to document the current condition of the building and began working on assigned responsibilities – Ontario Building Code and Regulations, Materials and Methods of Construction, and Building Information Modelling in Revit. The group carefully handled correspondence and organized weekly meetings to work closely together, and coordinate each member’s inquiry and progress that resulted in to a very efficient approach in the development and improvement of the project.



2. GENERAL PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW 2.1. Assigned Building and Location Victoria Building (former Business Building) is located in the campus hub of Ryerson University at 285 Victoria Street Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W1. The building is beside the university’s Chang School of Continuing Education.

2.2. Brief History Victoria building is situated in the old O’Keefe Brewery company plant in Toronto, Ontario which grew and prospered with Canada for 121 years from 1846 to 19671. The brewery started small by Thomas Carling in 1840 at London, Ontario then operation was handed over several times under different ownerships up until it was Eugene O’Keefe who made a significant role in the advancement of the brewery in 1862. On the same year Eugene O’Keefe purchased the old Victoria Brewery in Toronto which was then improved and named O’Keefe Brewery Company of Toronto. In 1946 - 1948, the building was built as part of the brewery by the architectural draftsman and designer Alexander M. Dremin. The old façade characteristic depicts Art Deco2 style. It was the regional office of the brewery bottling plant for years then became the old business school building. In 1966 the building was acquired by Ryerson Institute of Technology (former name of Ryerson University) and was renovated in 1967 by R.G. Watson Co. Ltd. Consulting Engineering and it became the faculty of business until 2006.

2.3. Victoria Building at Present Addition and improvements have been made to the building to adapt with the programme of the school from time of acquisition up to present. (See Figure 2.a.)

Figure 2.a. O’Keefe Brewery in 1950 from Ryerson Archives (left), Marker on the current building (center) and currently named Victoria Building of Ryerson University (right). Toronto. Photographs by authors. 2016.

1 As stated on the marker found at the main entrance of Victoria building during site survey group visit 2 Also called Style Moderne, a decorative arts and architecture movement originated in the 1920s. It’s name, Art Deco, was derived from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriel Modernes, held in Paris in 1925 (Britannica)



The building is named Victoria that currently functions both administrative and education building of the university. It houses the university’s Campus Facilities + Sustainability office and several classrooms, laboratories and study rooms. 2.4. Building Timeline (From O’Keefe Brewery to Victoria Building) The timeline is based on the building package received from Ryerson.

Year Events O’Keefe Brewery Company of Toronto 1946 – 1952 New Bottling Building

1961 Addition of 2nd Floor to the Shipping Building (former name of Ryerson University School of Image Arts)

Business Building of Ryerson Institute of Technology (former name of Ryerson University)

1966 Ryerson acquired the building 1967 – 1977 Renovation of the building

1967 Automatic Sprinkler System, mostly, electrical and mechanical improvements

1974 Mechanical and electrical alteration at 6th Floor 1981 Mechanical and electrical alteration at Hospitality and Tourism LAB 312

(Victoria Building as former Business Building) 1983 Alteration at Satellite Computer Terminal Room B-402 and 403 A 1984 Mechanical and electrical alteration at 4th Floor Rooms 405 and 406 1985 Mechanical and electrical alteration at 7th Floor General Office 1987 Alteration at 7th Floor Rooms 700, 701, 702 and 704 2001 Survey of Business Building (Topography and Site Survey) 2006 Faculty of Business moved to Bay Street

Ryerson University 2006 – present Victoria Building

2.5. Building Analysis Scope The existing building condition analysis and evaluation was based on knowledge and understanding of the following:

Fire protection, occupant safety and accessibility requirements of the 2012 Ontario Building Code O.Reg 191/14.

Materials and methods of construction in North American standards through comprehensive documentation in Revit in a collaborative work environment.

The use of proper terminology is essential in both group’s written and oral report. Through the comprehensive and integrated building analysis the group would be

able to determine potential building upgrades and recommendations for the improvement of the building programme in reference to the code and its materials and methods of construction.



3. ONTARIO BUILDING CODES AND REGULATIONS 3.1. Introduction:

Victoria Building was constructed in 1946 based on the first National Code of Canada (1941). Building renovation for change of use was accomplished in previous construction and building addition on North side in accordance with the first Canadian National Fire Code (1963) in 1966.3

Building structure is reinforced poured concrete (noncombustible) and building addition was constructed in similar type of foundation and of steel frame and columns which are covered with concrete (noncombustible). 3.2. Compliance and General 3.2.1. OBC Map: (Division A, Part1) Division B parts 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 12 are applicable to the building. 3.2.2. Major Occupancy: A2 (Assembly, Group 2) (Division B, Article 2.1.2.1.) 3.2.3. Subsidiary Occupancy: D (Business & Personal Services) (Division B, Article 2.1.2.1.) 3.2.4. Building Area: 1483 m2 (Division A, Article 1.4.1.2.) 3.2.5. Building Height: 8 storeys (Division A, Article 1.4.1.2.) 3.3. Building Classification: (See Appendix)

Figure 3.a. Analysis & Classification based on Part 11

3 Historical Editions of the National Construction Codes (1941-1998)

Fire Resistance Rating of Previous Building (Table 11.2.1.1.A.)

Basement= 2h Floors= 2h Roof= 1h

Construction Index (CI) =7 , non-combustible Occupancy and Hazard Index (HI)

Previous Building (F2) Current Building (A2)

Basement to 2th Floor

3th to 8th

Floor Basement to 6th Floor

7th to 8th

Floor

F2 , HI=5

Table 11.2.1.1.N(1)

D , HI=6

Table 11.2.1.1.J(1)

A2 , HI=7

Table 11.2.1.1.C(1)

D ,HI=6

Table 11.2.1.1.J(1)

Occupancy load =1715 Occupancy load =2976

Conclusion: Reduction in Performance Level

Division B, 11.4.2.3. (1): Increasing occupancy >15%, change of major occupancy

Early warning and evacuation systems

required -Table 11.4.3.3.

Division B, Article11.4.3.1.:CI=HI

No Upgrade Required

Division B, Article 11.3.2.1 Extended portion shall comply with all other Parts

Additional Part

Pervious Building



Figure 3.b. Classification Based on Part 3 Major Occupancy Division B Article 3.2.2.23. A2, Any Height, Any Area, Sprinklered, Noncombustible Subsidiary Occupancy Division B Article 3.2.2.49. D, Any Height, Any Area, Noncombustible

3.4. Building Fire Safety (See Appendix) 3.4.1. Fire Separations and Fire Resistance Rating Figure 3.c. Fire separations & fire resistance rating which are applicable

3.4.2. Fire damper: (Division B, Clause 3.1.8.8(4)): Waved 3.4.3. Doors’ Requirements: (Division B, 3.1.8.) Maximum openings, Twenty-minute closures, maximum area of wired glass, self-clothing devices, hold up devices, door latches comply with code. 3.4.4. Occupant Load :( Division B, Article 3.1.l7.1) Total occupancy load above 1st Floor =2378 Person

Total occupancy load =2976 Person

3.4.5. Fire Alarm and Detection Systems: Based on Division B Clause 3.2.4.1. (2) has been provided

3.4.6. Spatial Separation and Exposure Protection: (Division B, 3.2.3.) The area of unprotected openings in an exposing building face, increasing the required limiting distance for the east exposing building face, doubling the maximum area of unprotected openings in west and east exposing building face, fire-resistance rating and type of construction and cladding for exposing faces of buildings or fire compartments comply with code.

FS Location FRR Reference (Division B)

Closure FPR (Division B, 3.1.8.4.)

a Basement 2h 3.2.1.4 & 3.2.1.5 & 3.2.2.23.(2)

b Floors 2 h 3.2.2.23.(2) & 3.2.2.49.(2) -

c Load barring Walls& column

2 h 3.2.2.23.(2)& 3.2.2.49.(2) 1.5 h

d Roof 1 h 3.2.2.49.(2) - e Exit Shaft 2 h 3.4.4.(1) 1.5h f Elevator Shaft 1.5 h 3.5.3.1. 1 h g vertical Shaft 1 h 3.6.3.1. 45 min Service Rooms 1 h 3.6.2.1.(1) 45 min

Electrical Equipment Vaults

2 h 3.6.2.7.(10) 1.5h

Emergency Power Installations

1h 3.6.2.8.(1)(a) 45 min

Janitors’ Room 1h 3.3.1.20(1) 45min

a

d

c

b

e f

g



Figure 3.d. Spatial Separation and Exposure Protection Analysis

3.4.7. Provisions for Firefighting :( Division B, 3.2.5.) Direct access to above grade storeys, floor level and roof, fire access route, water supply and fire department connection comply with code.

3.4.8. Additional Requirements for High Buildings: (Division B, Subclause 3.2.6.1. (1)(a)(ii)) the building is not considered as high building Total occupant load above 1st Floor = 2378 ÷ (1.8 x 6.60 m) = 200 < 300 (1.8 X all exit stair width in meters) 3.4.9. Lighting and Emergency Power System: Compliance with Division B, Article 3.2.7.4. has been provided 3.4.10. Standpipe Systems: Compliance with Division B, clause 3.2.9.1. (1) has been provided 3.5. Safety within Floor Areas: (See Appendix) Figure 3.f. Analysis of Travel Distance 3.5.1. All Floor Areas: (Division B, 3.3.1.) Means of egress, egress doorways, travel distance within rooms, capacity of access to exit, glazed doors and panels comply with codes however some rooms in dead end corridors do not comply with code.

Figure 3.g. Analysis of Exit and Access to Exit Width

Elevation L H Area LD %UPO FR Cladding Construction Permitted UPO m2

Existing UPO m2

South 31.5 35.5 1118 0 0 1h NC NC 0 0

North 31.5 39.5 1244 0 0 1h NC NC 0 0

west 49.7 35.8 1810 10 14 1h NC NC/C 253.4 x 2 288.5

East-1 32.7 35.8 1170 6 9 1h NC NC 105 x2 335.2

East-2 16 35.8 572 9 19 1h NC NC/C 108 x2

Occupancy TD within Rooms TD within Floor

One Egress Doorway

Two Egress Doorway

Group A2 (not sprinklered)

15m 30m 30m

Group A2(sprinklered)

25m 45m 45m

Group D (not sprinklered)

25m 40m 40m

Occupancy Max Occupancy Load Per Floor

Min Access to Exit Width Per Each Exit

Existing Access to Exit Width

Min Exit Width Per Each Exit

Existing Exit Width(mm)

Group A2 485(2rd Floor) 1476mm 2400mm- 4800 mm 2,231mm Exit 1 : 3000 Exit 2 : 3600 Group D 169(7rd Floor) 1100mm Min 1100 mm 1100 mm

Figure 3.e. Site Analysis of Fire provision



3.5.2. Assembly Occupancy (Division B 3.3.2.) is applicable. 3.6. Exits: (See Appendix) (Division B Article 3.4.2. to 5) Number and location of exits from floor areas, width and height of exits, corridors, egress doors, exit doors, exit signs are applicable with code however integrity of exits in basement do not comply with code 3.7. Plumbing Fixtures (See Appendix) (Division B 3.7.4.) existing plumbing fixtures are more than what is required by code based on calculation considerations. 3.8. Barrier-Free Requirements (See Appendix) (Division B Article 3.3.1.7) barrier free path of travel is applicable with code but the building does not comply with code in terms of dividing the building in two zones by fire separation. 3.9. Barrier Free Design (See Appendix) (Division B 3.8.) Entrances, elevators, path of travel, width of doorways and doors, wheelchair space, adaptable seating, water closet and lavatories comply with code, however number and location of barrier free washrooms and universal washrooms do not comply with code and accessible signs required to indicate location of barrier free washroom in floors are not provided. 3.10 Conclusion (See Appendix)

Regarding current building renovation using several subsequent Building Code editions, existing building does not comply with some parts of the current Ontario Building Code as listed below: Building is not sprinklered above grade floor Glass doors in basement and 7th & 8th floor

are not readily apparent, by permanent fixture.

Rooms 610,610A, 607A do not have another egress access other than dead end corridor access

The Storage/Service opening in basement at north exit stair decreases integrity of exit stair.

Universal washrooms are one less than what is required by code. Barrier-free washrooms do not comply with the numbers and locations The building has not been divided in two zones as required by code in terms of fire

separation Additionally, some code requirements have been neglected in terms of building management such as: Sprinklered system in basement has been closed in corridor area. Furniture has been left in exit stairs which is considered as obstruction in means of

egress.

Figure 3.i. Analysis of Barrier Free Design

Figure 3.h. Means of Egress Analysis



4. MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION 4.1. Introduction

Concrete became one of the popular building materials in Canada from the late 19th century to present. Victoria building is primarily designed of reinforced concrete components down from the foundation up to the roof. The building is adjacent to two buildings on both sides – at North, is the Chang School of Continuing Education and at South, the Toronto Public Health. (See Figure 3.e.)

4.2. Structural Components (See Figure 4.a.)

The foundation of the previous building is reinforced poured concrete wall on footing. Design criteria was based on dry hard clay soil pressure on footings being 8,000 per sq. inch, full live load, dead load and wind load (calculation based on East – West wind direction) with approximately 10% higher allowance for future building loads. Rectangular concrete columns are reinforced with vertical steel bars in circular and rectangular pattern with conventional column ties. The floor and roof slabs were designed following a two-way framing system. Underneath the building addition, the foundation was designed to match the existing. Steel frame system was used to support the additional staircase and elevator shafts. Precast concrete roof slab was placed on top of the addition.

Inside the previous building, a second staircase was added wherein existing concrete slabs and beams were cut using a saw with carborundum blade to create a precise opening. Both stair assemblies are of steel with precast terrazzo threads with abrasive edge inserts and steel railings.

Figure 4.a. Structural Component Diagram. Illustration by authors.

2016



4.3. Building Enclosure or Envelope (See Figure 4.b.) Along Victoria street, the exterior wall assembly of the previous building is of warm

tone Indiana limestone over 8” concrete masonry blocks from 2nd floor up to parapet. The podium wall was refinished with 4” precast concrete panels to match the addition.

Figure 4.b. Victoria Building Front Façade Components. Illustration by authors. 2016



The rear façade of the building is of bricks over 8” concrete masonry blocks. The same exterior finish was applied on rear portion of the building addition. (See Figure 4.c.)

Figure 4.c. Victoria Building Rear Façade Components. Illustration by authors. 2016



The roof is flat sloping towards drains located in the building. Built-up roof over reinforced concrete roof slab was applied on the previous building supported by reinforced concrete beams and girders. On the addition, Built-up roof over 1” insulation over 4 ½” precast concrete slab supported by steel frame. (See Figure 4.d.)

Mechanical equipment is housed in the penthouse and portions of the roof.

Figure 4.d. Flat Roof Diagram. Illustration by authors. 2016 4.4. Interior Components

Figure 4.e. Interior Components. Illustration by authors. 2016

4.5. Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

The building is supplied with conventional HVAC system which provides cool air during warm months and warm air during cold months. The building is also supplied with wall base or perimeter type heating units that work during cold months. (See Figure 4.f.)

Figure 4.f. HVAC Diagram. Illustration by authors.2016 4.6. Conclusion

Victoria Building is sturdy and was solidly built to lasts for years. However, there are visible signs of damage and deterioration, mostly in the interior components of the building that needed repair or, even better, needed upgrade to stay current. On the exterior, re-cladding of the out dated rear façade would be another recommendation for renovation in the future to blend with the character of adjacent and surrounding buildings of the campus. (See Appendix for survey photos and Overall Conclusion for proposed concept rendering of Rear Façade in Revit)



5. BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (REVIT) 5.1. Introduction

The documentation of the information and analysis of the building in reference with the code and materials and methods were realized through the use of Revit in a collaborative work environment. 5.2. BIM Definition

As defined by Parsons Brinckerhoff, BIM is an acronym for Building Information Modelling or Building Information Model.

It is a process of designing a building collaboratively using one coherent system of computer models rather than as separate sets of drawings. (See Figure 5.a.)

It offers enormous gains in saving in cost and time, Much greater accuracy in estimation, and the Avoidance of error, alterations and rework due to information loss.

BIM is … “A digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility… and a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle; defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition.” (Parsons Brinckerhoff)

Figure 5.a. BIM Collaborative Environment. Illustration by authors inspired

by BIM web diagram. 2016. 5.3. Strategic Documentation Approach After the initial meeting and investigation, the Revit manager presented the strategy process of the group to document the current condition of the building using Revit. Factors considered were knowledge gained from lecture sessions in the Revit course emphasizing on Worksharing and Worksets. 5.4. Worksharing

The advantages of Worksharing as described by Autodesk, Distributes Revit parametric building modeling environment across the project

team. Provides a complete range of collaboration modes from entirely on-the-fly,

simultaneous access to the shared model, through the formal division of the project into discrete shared units, to complete separation of project elements or systems into individually managed linked models.

Allows the team to choose the best way to collaborate and interact based on their workflow and the project requirements.



Figure 5.b. Developing the model and using CAD Link. Illustration

by authors. Revit. 2016.

The Revit manager, created a central file to allow the team to work on the model considering appropriate Worksets. The Revit manager initially documented the building envelope linking AutoCAD files from the building package and eventually the team worked together to develop and improve the model for the analysis using gathered information. (See Figure 5.b.)

5.5. Worksets Setting-up Worksets is a useful feature of Revit when working on large and complex projects in a collaborative work environment. It divides the model into parts allowing group members to work in sections. (See Figure 5.c.)

Figure 5.c. Worksets and Architectural Drawings. Screenshot by authors. Revit. 2016



5.6. Challenges and Solution In every situation challenges are encountered and unavoidable. The group strive to work together to address and resolve the following challenges:

Information from the current AutoCAD drawings are not sufficient to complete the model. The group did site survey visits to verify essential information needed for the project and also made assumptions regarding information not verified due to insufficient access to resources.

Revit components and views are being deleted unintentionally especially when working online in Vapps. As a solution, the group decided to work together on the Revit model more in the school laboratories rather than online.

Figure 5.d. Victoria Building Exterior Rendering at Main Entrance (along Victoria Street). Illustration by authors. Revit. 2016.

Figure 5.e. Custom Components for the Exterior Façade. Illustration by

authors. Revit. 2016.

Figure 5.f. Victoria Building 3D Views of Sections - Rendering. Illustration by authors. Revit. 2016.



Figure 5.g. Victoria Building Interior Renderings (top to bottom) – Main Lobby, Elevator Lobby, Tiered Classroom, Computer Lab 404A and Room 610A. The group created component families such as furniture, doors, windows

and other custom content for the model. Illustration by authors. Revit. 2016.

5.7. Conclusion Revit is not only a software for generating plans and models of new construction but is also a valuable tool in working on analysis of existing buildings similar to the final assignment. Appropriate building maintenance and future upgrades could be determined through proper documentation of the existing building condition using Revit. Engaging in Worksharing introduced an appropriate strategic group approach and created an opportunity to work collaboratively as a team in realizing the comprehensive and integrated building analysis project. (See Appendix for plans and drawings created in Revit 2016)



6. OVERALL CONCLUSION

As an overall conclusion, the group recommends consideration of future building upgrade of the current programme by taking into account codes and regulations compliance as well as updating the facilities of the building using current materials and innovative approach in creating an environment that encourages and promotes learning. Part of the recommendation is to re-face the existing Rear façade, preserving the bike mural along the podium, to blend with the adjacent and surrounding buildings of Ryerson (Chang School of Continuing Education beside the building and School of Imaging Arts across). (See Figure 6.a.)

Figure 6.a. Rear Façade Re-facing Concept with Metal Cladding using Revit to generate the proposed model.

Illustration by authors. Revit. 2016.

By engaging in the development of the comprehensive and integrated building analysis project, the group established knowledge and appreciation of North American standards in terms of building codes and regulations, materials and methods of construction and documentation of gathered information with the use of Revit. The final assignment was also an opportunity to encourage creativity among students and simulate a work environment in a collaborative approach.



7. REFERENCES Victoria Building package from Ryerson University Ryerson Library Archives – History of Victoria Building Prints/ Publications Ontario Building Code Compendium O.Reg 191/14 - Vol. 1 and 2 Fundamentals of Building Construction by Edward Allen and Joseph Iano Autodesk Revit Architecture 2015 No Experience Required Edition by Eric Wing Websites History http://www.ryerson.ca/content/dam/about/masterplan/masterplan_pt1.pdf http://news.library.ryerson.ca/asc/2011/06/feature-from-the-collections-looking-back-at-the-history-of-the-image-arts-building/ https://blackcreekbrewery.wordpress.com/2010/11/03/history-byte-o%E2%80%99keefe-co-%E2%80%99s-brewery/ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/architectural-history-1914-1967/ https://www.britannica.com/art/Art-Deco Ontario Building Code and Regulations http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/publications/codes_centre/historical_codes.html Materials and Methods http://www.canadabuildingmaterials.com/en-ca/Pages/Company/History.aspx http://www.nortonabrasives.com/en-us https://buildingscience.com/ http://murallocator.org/2012/11/ryerson-university-bike-mural/ BIM http://www.autodesk.com/products/revit-family/features/platform/worksharing http://www.wsp-pb.com/en/Who-we-are/In-the-media/News/2013/What-is-BIM/

http://www.ryerson.ca/content/dam/about/masterplan/masterplan_pt1.pdf

http://news.library.ryerson.ca/asc/2011/06/feature-from-the-collections-looking-back-

https://blackcreekbrewery.wordpress.com/2010/11/03/history-byte-o%E2%80%99keefe-

http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/architectural-history-1914-1967/

https://www.britannica.com/art/Art-Deco

http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/publications/codes_centre/historical_codes.html

http://www.canadabuildingmaterials.com/en-ca/Pages/Company/History.aspx

http://www.nortonabrasives.com/en-us

https://buildingscience.com/

http://murallocator.org/2012/11/ryerson-university-bike-mural/

http://www.autodesk.com/products/revit-family/features/platform/worksharing

http://www.wsp-pb.com/en/Who-we-are/In-the-media/News/2013/What-is-BIM/

Documents

Victoria Building Analyze-Report