VGF or VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible is a Protein and Neuropeptide That May Play a Role in...
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VGF or VGF nerve growth factor inducible is a protein and neuropeptide that may play a role in regulating energy homeostasis, metabolism [1] and synaptic plasticity . [2] The protein was first discovered in 1985 by Levi et al. [3] in an experiment with PC12 cells and its name is non-acronymic . VGF gene encodes a precursor which is divided by proteolysis to polypeptides of different mass, which have a variety of functions, the best studied of which is the role of TLQP-21 in the control of appetite and inflammation. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] The expression of VGF and VGF-derived peptides is detected in a subset of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems and specific populations of endocrine cells in the adenohypophysis , adrenal medulla , gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas . [12] VGF expression is induced by NGF , CREB and BDNF and regulated by neurotrophin-3 . [13] [14] Physical exercise significantly increases VGF expression in mice hippocampal tissue and upregulates a neurotrophic signaling cascade thought to underlie the action of antidepressants . [15] [16] [17] [18] Role in pathology Changes in expression of discrete VGF fragments have been detected in different neurological and psychiatric conditions. In schizophrenia , one study has shown an increase in the VGF23-62 peptide [19] and a subsequent small study demonstrated that drugs further increase the expression, pointing at a possible ameliorating action of the fragment. A decreased expression of VGF26-62 peptide was found in frontotemporal dementia [20] and the expression of a fragment containing aminoacids 378-398 was found to be changing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [21] and Alzheimer's disease . [22] VGF expression has also been shown in damaged peripheral nerves, and it is thought to have a role in neuropathic pain . [23]
VGF or VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible is a Protein and Neuropeptide That May Play a Role in Regulating Energy Homeostasis
VGF or VGF nerve growth factor inducible is a protein and
neuropeptide that may play a role in regulating energy homeostasis,
metabolism [1] and synaptic plasticity.[2] The protein was first
discovered in 198 by !evi et al.["] in an e#periment with $%12
cells and its name is non&acronymic. '() gene encodes a
precursor which is divided by proteolysis to polypeptides of
different mass, which have a variety of functions, the best studied
of which isthe role of T!*$&21 in the control of appetite and
inflammation.[+][][,][-][8][9][1.][11] The e#pression of '() and
'()&derived peptides is detected in a subset of neurons in the
centraland peripheral nervous systems and specific populations of
endocrine cells in the adenohypophysis, adrenal medulla,
gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas.[12] '() e#pression is induced
by /(), %012 and 23/) and regulated by neurotrophin&".[1"][1+]
$hysical e#ercise significantly increases '() e#pression in mice
hippocampal tissue and upregulates a neurotrophic signaling cascade
thought to underlie the action of
antidepressants.[1][1,][1-][18]Role in pathology%hanges in
e#pression of discrete '() fragments have been detected in
different neurological and psychiatric conditions. 4n
schi5ophrenia, one study has shown an increase inthe '()2"&,2
peptide[19] and a subse6uent small study demonstrated that drugs
further increase the e#pression, pointing at a possible
ameliorating action of the fragment. 7 decreased e#pression of
'()2,&,2 peptide was found in frontotemporal dementia [2.] and
the e#pression of a fragment containing aminoacids "-8&"98 was
found to be changing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [21] and
7l5heimer8s disease.[22] '() e#pression has also been shown in
damaged peripheral nerves, and it is thought to have a role in
neuropathic pain.[2"]
