Tieng A nhliA compendium

o f f

lYENEU

grammarr& correct w r iting ■

A compendium of English Grammar

&Correct Writing

VAN PH A M TIENG ANH

1

PH AM DINH LOC

VAN PHAM TIENG ANHA compendium of

English Grammar &

Correct Writing

NHA XUAT BAN HdNG Ol>C

3

C u n g tac g ia

A Glimpse of Vietnamese Oral Literature

ISBN 1-4010-4038-1 Library of Congress Number 2001119757

in USA

I C F M C Vietnam

ISBN 1-4134-1852-X

4

Jli)i tao (fid

Toi viet sach nay vai kinh nghiem sau nhung nam day tieng Anh a Sai Gon truac day va a My. Hoc sinh thixcmg bi roi

■ tri vi phai doc qua nhieu danh tCr kho hieu, khong can thiet ma cac tac gia da viet trong phan dan giai, nen hoc sinh cam thay kho hieu va cham thu nhan duoc cac y chinh can tim hieu qui iuat van pham tieng Anh. Roi tri hon nua neu hoc sinh doc nhung sach giao khoa van pham tieng Anh d My, vi danh tu van pham a nhung sach nay khong dong nhat.

Do do, trong sach nay toi viet thu gon a viec dan giai, toi dung thi du de chi dan nguai hoc nhan xet, tim ra nhung quy luat can ban cua van pham. Toi khong dich sang tieng Viet nhung danh tir van pham tieng Anh, toi chi chon nhung tu thong dung de nguai hoc de thu nhan, va can thiet cho nguai hoc sau nay tham khao them sach van pham tieng Anh.

Thong thuong, nguai hoc ngoai ngu bat dau hoc tu vung (vocabulary), hoc dan dan ngu phap (grammar), roi doc nhieu de nhan xet loi viet theo cac qui luat van pham. Ngoai ra, ngon ngu viet doi khi khac vai ngon ngu noi, vi nhieu khi van pham duoc hieu ngam khi noi, va moi dja phuang thuang co mot so tho ngu (dialects). N guai hoc se gap nhiing truang hop nay khi doc sach, va se tim hieu bang cach tra ciru a tir dien.

Pham Din It LocWashington, D.C

5

CONTENTS

I. Parts o f Speech ...................................................................11

II. Verbals............................................................................... 63

III. Tenses ............................................................................... 71

IV. Parts o f a Sentence..........................................................78

V..Clauses................................................................................ 88

VI. Correct Writing................................................................98

VII. Stylistics.........................................................................132

VIII. Speakers o f ESL (English as a second language). 153

IX...The history’ and development o f English ...................174

7

V an p h a m la link hon cua ngon ngu. Nguai noi va nguai nghe, nguai viet va nguai doc tim thay"giao cam" vai nhau qua tieng noi hay cau van. Am thanh tao thanh tieng noi mang nhung y tuang, y nghi cua nguai noi sang nguai nghe de hieu nhau. Cau van (nhieu loi viet khac nhau) chica dung y tuang, y nghi, cam xuc cua nguai viet de nguai doc san se tam tu, hay thu nhan kien thuc.

Tieng noi hay cau van hop thanh bai mot so tir, duoc dat theo thu tu truac sau, thi du: Thieu nu chai toe truac gucmg.

Moi tu mang mot y nghia (meaning), tir no dat truac tic kia (word order), moi tic co rieng chicc nang (function), khi noi khi viet thi theo qui luat; Neu khong dung tu theo chicc nang, khong viet theo qui luat thi tieng noi, cau van khong co nghia gi ca. Cau van, tieng noi co duac giao cam la nha qui luat van pham. Do do, van pham la yeu to thiet yeu cua ngon ngu.

8

Danh tir thirtrng dung

Nhung danh tir dirai day thirang thay a cac sach van pham tieng Anh, va phucrng phap dan giai a cuon sach nay giir nguyen danh tir tieng Anh.

Active voice Chu dong cach

Auxiliary verb Tro dong tir

Adverb Trang tir

Adjective Tinh tir

Article Quan tir

Clause Menh de

Conjunction Lien tir

Complement Bo ngu

Direct object Tan ngu true tiep

Expression Thanh ngir

Fundamental Can ban, thiet yeu

Grammar Van pham

Indirect object Tan ngir gian tiep

Infinitive verb Dong tir nguyen dang

Interjection Tan than tir

Irregular verb Dong tir bat qui tac

Noun Danh tir

9

Parts o f speech Loai tir ngu

Passive voice Bi dong cach

Past participle Qua khu phan tir

Past tense Thi qua khu

Preposition Giai tir

Present tense Thi hien taiPronoun Dai tirRules Qui luat van phamSentence Cau viet theo van phamVerb Dong tirVocabulary Tir vungWord Tir

10

I. PARTS OF SPEECH

11