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Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
Vertical communications
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
STAIRS
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
STAIRS
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
STAIRS
Basic terminology:staircase - all elements forming stairsstair space - space structurally or at least functionally separated
from other spaces of buildingsstair wellflight - the connection between different levels,
it contains min. 3 steps.landing - level space (platform) at the end of a flight of stairs or
between 2 flight of stairsmain landing - on floor level intermediate landing (half landing)
between 2 floor levelsstep - the basic element of stairs
tread ....going (run)riser ....ricenoising
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
railing - support, barrier (handrail)
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
ascending line - the line placed in theoretical axis of ascent(walking line)
- the optimum dimensions (design) are measuredon walking line
stairs pitch - the angle between ascending line and horizontal plane(slope) the stair’s pitch determines the proportion between
going and rise of steps- the stair’s pitch depends on the function of buildings
α
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
Stair’s classification(according to different criterions)
function main
secondary
auxiliary
equalising
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
placement:
internal
external
terrain
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
number of flights:
single-flight
double flight
several flight
three-flight
four-flight …
branching
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
Stairs classification - cont.
plan form (stair plan types) straight (run) stairscurved st. (ex.=spiral)blended (combined)
ascending (walking) direction directright-turning left-turning
acc. to the material wood, stone, steel, concrete, combinations
technology cast-in-placeprefabricated
structure fully supported, newel, pier, string, slab, suspended, overhanging
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
Basic requirements
structural requirements loadbearing capacity
architectural and circulation r. placement (simple accessibility)(functional) safe and comfortable
movement up and downaesthetic req. (shape, form)simple cleaning, maintenance
environmental requirements lightingventilation
fire safety fire escapefire resistance
economical requirements durability
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
Structural requirementsdesign of bearing elements:
ultimate states: 1. bearing capacity2. usability3. durability
the live-load of the area of staircase and corridors3,0 kN/m2 residential buildings, hotels, kindergartens,
nurseries, hospitals, office buildings, ...4,0 kN/m2 schools, stations such as railway stations,
restaurants, theatres, cinemas, concert halls, libraries, selected industrial buildings
5,0 kN/m2 any kind of grand-stands (platforms)
the live-load which affects on railing (horizontal and vertical direction)1,0 kN/m schools, theatres, ....high concentration
of people0,5 kN/m residential buildings, administration buildings
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
Architectural and circulation requirements
• Position in building - function of the building- simple accessibility- simple orientation
• Aestetic requirements - image of the building- corresponance with standard level(materials, colours, forms, shapes)( maintenance, cleaning)
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
Architectural and circulation requirements
• Safe, comfortable movement
Dimensions of steps and flight pitch(measurement)
pitch = ratio 2 h + b = 630 mm
max. recommended rise resp. stair pitchr α
terrain 150mmpublic buildings 160mmadministration 180mmresidential b. without lift 33o
residential b. with a lift 35o
to the basement 35o
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
min. recommended going
130 mm min. width of winder (only up)
210 mm min. width (non comfortable)on straight steps
230 mm safe movement
250 mm comfortable movement= min. tread
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
Stair pitch (slope)
stair kind pitch/o/ riser
ramp stair 10-20 80-130gentle 20-25 130-150current 25-35 150-180steep 35-45 180-200ladder 45-58 200-250step ladders 58-80ladders (vertical) 80-90
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
2. Flight width circulation, escape
circulation strip 600 mm
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
minimum width
auxiliary stairs 600 mmsecondary stairs 900 mmmain stairs in family houses 900 mmmain stairs in residential build. (1100)mm !public buildings 1200 mm
including gap max. 50 mmrailing max. 50 mmhandrailmax. 100 mmstring max. 200 mm
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
Free passage
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
Length of central lending
Number of steps in flight: min 3
max. 16
family houses, secondary stairs 18
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.
Design of curved stair
Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.