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Vertebrate Taxonomy
Phylum Chordata
• Several classes of fish– Jawless fishes – Sharks and rays– Bony fish
• Class Amphibia (frogs, toads, salamanders) • Class Testudines (turtles, tortoises) • Class Lepidosauromorpha (snakes, lizards) • Class Crocodilia (alligators, crocodiles) • Class Aves (birds) • Class Mammalia (mammals)
Class Amphibia
• Two stage life cycle– Aquatic larvae– Terrestrial adult
• Respiratory structures– Gills (larvae)– Lungs (adult)– Skin
• Mucous and poison skin glands
• Three-chambered heart• Ectothermic• Egg-layers
– Must lay eggs in or near water
• Major groups– Gymnophiona
• Caecilians– Caudata
• Salamanders– Anura
• Frogs and toads
Reptiles
• Shelled amniotic egg• Skin hard and brittle• Many have bony
plates under scales• Three-chambered
heart• Ectothermic
• Major groups– Turtles– Crocodilians– Tuatara– Lizards– Snakes
Birds
• Feathers– Temperature regulation– Flight
• Bill toothless mandibles covered with horny sheath
• Endothermic• Four-chambered heart• Eggs with great parental
investment
• Adaptations for flight– Feathers– Fused bones of pelvis, feet,
hands and head– Furcula– Hollow bones– Highly efficient respiratory
and circulatory systems– Musculature of chest
Class Aves
• Many orders of birds– Columbiformes: doves and
pigeons– Falconiformes: diurnal birds
of prey– Apodiformes: hummingbirds– Gruiformes: cranes and rails– Piciformes: woodpeckers– Strigiformes: owls– Anseriformes: ducks and
geese– Galliformes: chickens and
turkeys– Passeriformes: perching birds
Mammals
• Hair• Endothermic• Four-chambered
heart• Large brain• Dentition
– Teeth specialized– Incisors, canines,
premolars, molars
• Reproduction– Mammary glands– Most mammmals
viviparous– Development of young
within the mother• Pouch (Metatherians)• Placenta (Eutherians)
Class Mammalia
• Many orders of mammals– Rodentia: rodents– Chiroptera: bats– Insectivora: shrews and
moles– Carnivora: cats, dogs,
bears, weasels, raccoons– Lagomorpha: rabbits– Artiodactyla: ungulates– Primates– Didelphimorphia:
American marsupials
Herp Traps
• Pitfall traps– Useful for catching
terrestrial arthropods and small mammals
– Usually include drift fence to increase capture rate
Mist Nets
Mammal Traps
Sherman trapsSherman traps
Leg-hold trapsLeg-hold traps
Tomahawk trapsTomahawk traps
““Noose” trapsNoose” traps
Snap trapsSnap traps
Noninvasive Techniques
Bat DetectorsBat Detectors
Tracking StationsTracking Stations
Scent StationsScent Stations
ObservationObservationTrailmaster CamerasTrailmaster Cameras
Unknown songbird
Unknown duck
Unknown small mammal skin
Unknown large mammal skin and skull
Unknown Herp #1
Unknown Herp #2
Unknown Herp #3