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Vernacular languages instead of Latin –
transition in academic dissertations and
orations in the 17th century University of Tartu (in Academia Gustaviana, 1632-
1656) Kaidi Kriisa
Lund 2012
Introduction • In the context of the 17th century
University of Tartu...Linguistic communication of the
intellectuals – Latin-centered Administrative and communicative
language, the field of jurisprudence, the first stages of elementary education – (High) German
The language used in academic sphere – mostly Latin...or was it?
Introduction Occurence Languages Themes Exceptions Faculties Conclusion
Occurence of vernacular languages
(1)Corpus:
Out of 531 academic publications, 74 contained passages in vernacular languages, altogether 252 segments.
Introduction Occurence Languages Themes Exceptions Faculties Conclusion
Occurence of vernacular
languages (2)
Introduction Occurence Languages Themes Exceptions Faculties Conclusion
Languages used (1)
Introduction Occurence Languages Themes Exceptions Faculties Conclusion
Languages used (2)Majority languages:
(High) German Swedish
Minority languages: Low GermanFinnishDutch
Introduction Occurence Languages Themes Exceptions Faculties Conclusion
Thematical-formal typology (1)
Unlatinized forms of toponyms and proper names, including name listings and nicknames:
Treyden pro Turaida
Headings and subheadings of German books:
Illustris Steno Bielke d[icto] l[oco] Vid[e] Reformation guter Policey zu Augspurg An[no] .../.../
Terminology and formulas: /.../et ipsi qui exercent eas opifices non artifices,
Handwerksleute/.../
Short explanations of word’s etymology: /.../ cui Barrabus, id est, Filius Patris, Uater Söhnlein /.../
Introduction Occurence Languages Themes Exceptions Faculties Conclusion
Thematical-formal typology (2)
Proverbs, sayings, enigmatic questions: /.../ umb. S[ankt]. Veit/ kömpt die Fliege selb nennde. /.../
Poems and church songs: /.../ Zwischen Lucern und Unterwalden/ Erhebt er sicht mit gehem staltn /.../
Quotations, commentaries and quotations from contemporary theological literature:
/.../ Quare etiam Sacramenta per contemptum quidam, maxime (Calviniani) Beywege appellitant, /.../
Introduction Occurence Languages Themes Exceptions Faculties Conclusion
Thematical-formal typology (3)
Quotations from jurisprudential texts, historical books and political treatises
Illustris Steno Bielke d[icto] l[oco]. V[ide] Reformation guter Policey zu Augspurg A[nno] 1530. & 1548.
Usage of Swedish was more limited:
Unlatinized forms of toponyms and proper names & name listings:
Oppida habet Borgo & Helsingfors.
Introduction Occurence Languages Themes Exceptions Faculties Conclusion
Thematical-formal typology (4)
A poemHwar tåncke om sig som thet bör/ (Everybody should, correctly, think it
over)
Tigh achta för then Gudh tigh gör/ (Beware of the on who divinizes you!)
doch Högferd fly och ösvermödh (However, flee away from conceit and hubris)
Att Gudh ey sielff tigh står emoot. (So God himself will not stand against You)
Quotations from legal writings, including the code of Laws and a soldier’s oath
Sverikes Rikes LandzlaghKristofers Landzlagh
Introduction Occurence Languages Themes Exceptions Faculties Conclusion
ExceptionsSoldier’s oath
Four-versed poem in Swedish
Introduction Occurence Languages Themes Exceptions Faculties Conclusion
Faculties’ linguistic preferences (1)
1. The Faculty of Theology Out of 65 segments, just one in Dutch Quotations from the Bible Andreas Virginius – 55 segments
2. The Faculty of Jurisprudence 39 segments= 23 German+ 16 Swedish Words: German= 129, Swedish= 555 L. Ludenius x 5 (Swedish), H. Hein x 1
(German)
Introduction Occurence Languages Themes Exceptions Faculties Conclusion
Faculties’ linguistic preferences (2)
3. The Faculty of Philosophy High German, Swedish, Low German,
Finnish 22 publications: ethical, poetical, historical,
rhetorical ≠ natural sciences nor philosophia propria Toponymical descriptions
4. The Faculty of Medicine Vernaculars = 0
Introduction Occurence Languages Themes Exceptions Faculties Conclusion
Conclusion
The 17th century University of Tartu was rather opened to vernacular languages.
At the first decade German was the most commonly used vernacular language, later on the usage of Swedish increased considerably.
Introduction Occurence Languages Themes Exceptions Faculties Conclusion
I would like to thank all of You, the audience, for Your patience, moreover I would like to thank my supervisor, professor Kristi Viiding, who
led me to this extremely interesting topic and who has
been really supportive through all my(research) process