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Vera Melis &
Caius Brandão
May, 2005
BRAZIL
BRAZIL IN THE WORLDBrazil in South AmericaBrazil and its regions
Northeast
Southeast
South
Center-west
NorthArea (sq Km) Brazil 8,547,403
02.000.0004.000.0006.000.0008.000.000
10.000.00012.000.000
Population Brazil 176,464,000
0200.000.000400.000.000600.000.000800.000.000
1.000.000.0001.200.000.0001.400.000.000
Literacy (%) Brazil 86
020406080
100120
Life Expectancy Brazil 69
01020304050607080
GDP per Capita US$ Brazil 7,600
02.0004.0006.0008.000
10.00012.00014.000
Source: National Geographic, 2004
FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL
CapitalBrasília
ReligionRoman Catholic
LanguagePortuguese
Children mortality rate (1-5 range)To each 1.000 born:
2000 2003
39 35
30.5% of Brazilian families with children between 0-6 years of age have monthly incomes equal to or less than one minimum salary (less than US$100), defined as the poverty line in Brazil. In Northeast Brazil that
number rises to 53.6% of children ages 0-6 living in poor families.
Poverty: Brazil’s Main Concern
Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)
Region Population Age Bracket
0 to 6
Percentage
North 12,900,704 2,306,485 18%
Northeast 47,747,771 7,156,174 15%
Southeast 72,412,411 8,889,076 12%
South 25,107,616 3,160,302 13%
Center West 11,636,728 1,619,376 14%
Total 169,799,170 23,141,413 14%
Resident Population and Population from 0 to 6 years of age, According to Regions – 2001
Source: IBGE – Demographic Census 2001
Age Bracket 0-6 = 14% of the Total Population
Total Population = 169.799.170
people
Age Bracket 0 to 6 =
23.141.413 children
Age Bracket 0-6 = 14% of the Total Population
Total Population = 169.799.170
people
Age Bracket 0 to 6 =
23.141.413 children
Region
Enrollment (2001)
Daycare Centers
Pre-schools
Total
North 57,843 363,086 420,929
Northeast 288,189 1,471,615 1,759,804
Southeast 473,189 2,127,265 2,600,454
South 210,047 587,897 797,944
Center West 64,079 268,940 333,019
Total 1,093,347 4,818,803 5,912,150
Access to Early Childhood Education, According to Regions – 2001
Source: Ministry of Education –Census 2001
Total Enrollment (0-6) = 5,912,150 children
80%
20%
Total Population (0-6) Children Enrolled in ECE
Only 5,9 out of 23 million children have access to Early Childhood
Education in Brazil!
Early Childhood Education
Total Number
of Teachers
Level of Education
Elementary Secondary College
Complete Incomplete
Brazil 352,706 3,2 6,8 69,2 20,8
% Urban 100 2,0 4,4 68,9 24,7
% Rural 100 8,4 17,1 70,5 4,0
North 26,568 4,2 11,1 81,0 3,7
Northeast 120,041 5,1 11,2 76,5 7,1
Southeast 137,085 1,4 2,6 63,0 32,9
South 49,217 3,3 6,3 63,1 27,5
Center West 19,795 2,1 4,8 66,7 26,4
Percentage of teachers working in early childhood education,according to level of education – Brazil and Regions – 2001
Source: ME/ INEP/ SEEC
Teachers' Level of Education
; College = 20%
Elementary = 10%
Secondary = 70%
1) Fragmentation of early childhood development services, policies and programs;
2) Lack of public resources;
3) The impact of violence on young children in urban settings in Brazil requires greater attention;
4) The issue of race and ethnicity requires greater attention in the issue of child development;
5) The lack of consistent training for teachers and early childhood education workers;
6) The lack of management and public administration skills in the area of early childhood education;
7) The challenge of identifying and supporting informal crèches and informal child-care arrangements.
Issues that Require Greater Attention in Terms of Early Childhood Development in Brazil
CHILDCHILD
What ?When ?
Why ?
Who?
How
?
Whe
re?
Space
Learning experiences /
curriculum
Plan, Evaluate and keep records
Goals
Management, monitoring
and evaluation
Family Partnership and the connection
with the community
Opportunity Equality
Relations and interactions
Organizing the technical staff
Teaching and learning
strategies
Brazilian Educational Structure
Basic Education 1) Early Childhood Education (0-6) a) Daycare Centers (créche) = 0 to 3 years-old b) Pre-school = 4 to 6 years-old
2) Primary and Secundary Education = 7 to 14 years-old 3) High School = 15 to 18 years-old
Higher Education
Adult Education
Special Resources Education
ECD Efforts in Brazil
By Government (federal, states and municipalities)
• Teachers Training Programs (basic education);• Federal to State to Cities Support System for the Implementation ECD Services;• “Better Early Childhood” - Primeira Infância Melhor (PIM);• National Fund for Basic Education ( FUNDEF);• Guide on ECD for Mayors.
By Civil Society
• Advocacy and Social Moviments;• Midia: television, newspaper and radio;• Families Support Programs (Unicef, Promundo);• Teachers Training Program (Unesco, OMEP, Orsa, etc.);• Building of Day-care Centers and Production of Manufactured Toys;• Research , books and free materials for teachers, social workers, and others.
