Ventilation

VENTILATIONVENTILATIONNFPA Standard 1001NFPA Standard 1001

Fire Fighter Professional Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications - 2002Qualifications - 2002

ObjectivesObjectives

Understand ventilation as a Understand ventilation as a fire service toolfire service tool

Know the principles, Know the principles, advantages, and effects of advantages, and effects of ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a)3.10a)

ObjectivesObjectives Identify the considerations for Identify the considerations for

proper ventilation (NFPA proper ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a)1001:3-3.10a)

Identify the types of ventilation Identify the types of ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a, 4-3.2a)(NFPA 1001:3-3.10a, 4-3.2a)

Describe ventilation techniques Describe ventilation techniques (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a, 3-3.11a, (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a, 3-3.11a, 3-3.11b)3-3.11b)


Describe the need for roof Describe the need for roof ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-3.11a, 3-3.11b,4-3.2a)3.11a, 3-3.11b,4-3.2a)

Identify safety considerations Identify safety considerations when venting (NFPA 1001:3-when venting (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a)3.10a)


Describe the obstacles to Describe the obstacles to ventilation (NFPA 1001:4-3.2a)ventilation (NFPA 1001:4-3.2a)

Identify the factors affecting Identify the factors affecting ventilationventilation

Delmar, Firefighter’s Handbook, Delmar, Firefighter’s Handbook, Chapter 18Chapter 18

Principles, Advantages, Principles, Advantages, and Effects of Ventilationand Effects of VentilationVentilation is the systematic removal of Ventilation is the systematic removal of

the byproducts of combustion.the byproducts of combustion.

It relieves the structure of heat.It relieves the structure of heat. It channels smoke out of the structure.It channels smoke out of the structure. It removes toxic gases from the It removes toxic gases from the

structure.structure.

Considerations for Considerations for Proper VentilationProper Ventilation

Vertical ventilation is the removal of heat Vertical ventilation is the removal of heat and smoke through vertical channels.and smoke through vertical channels.

Horizontal ventilation is the removal of Horizontal ventilation is the removal of smoke and gases through horizontal smoke and gases through horizontal openings.openings.

Types of VentilationTypes of Ventilation

NaturalNatural Opening of doors and windowsOpening of doors and windows Cutting a hole in the roofCutting a hole in the roof


MechanicalMechanical Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning

(HVAC)(HVAC) Smoke fansSmoke fans Positive pressurePositive pressure


HydraulicHydraulic Fog stream out a window or other Fog stream out a window or other

openingopening Smooth bore with partially opened Smooth bore with partially opened

nozzle out a window or other openingnozzle out a window or other opening

Ventilation TechniquesVentilation Techniques

Break windowsBreak windows

Open doorsOpen doors

Rope and a toolRope and a tool

For ventilating upper floor windows from For ventilating upper floor windows from aboveabove

Hook or pike poleHook or pike pole

HalliganHalligan

AxeAxe

Ventilation TechniquesVentilation Techniques

Portable ladderPortable ladder

Aerial ladder tipAerial ladder tip

Negative pressure ventilationNegative pressure ventilation

Positive pressure ventilationPositive pressure ventilation

Introduction opening should be larger Introduction opening should be larger than exhaust openingthan exhaust opening

Cone of air should be larger than Cone of air should be larger than openingopening

Roof VentilationRoof VentilationQuickest way is to use building featuresQuickest way is to use building features

SkylightSkylight

Scuttle coverScuttle cover

Bulkhead doorBulkhead door

When making holes, cut directly over the When making holes, cut directly over the fire when possiblefire when possible

Roof VentilationRoof VentilationTypes of cutsTypes of cuts

Expandable cutExpandable cut

Produces hole as large as neededProduces hole as large as needed

Roof VentilationRoof VentilationLouver cutLouver cut

A series of cuts parallel to the roof A series of cuts parallel to the roof joists, keeping them in the middle. When joists, keeping them in the middle. When opened, they look like hinged louversopened, they look like hinged louvers

Triangular cutTriangular cutGood for Q-decking over open web bar Good for Q-decking over open web bar

joistsjoists

Roof VentilationRoof VentilationTrench cut or Strip cutTrench cut or Strip cut

Defensive in design and executionDefensive in design and executionUsed to cut off fire extensionUsed to cut off fire extension

Examination holesExamination holesKerf cut – cutting blade lowered Kerf cut – cutting blade lowered

into into roof material and pulled outroof material and pulled outTriangular cut – three intersecting Triangular cut – three intersecting kerf cutskerf cuts

Safety ConsiderationsSafety Considerations

Will ventilation permit fire to Will ventilation permit fire to extend?extend?

Will the escape route be cut off?Will the escape route be cut off? Will ventilation endanger others?Will ventilation endanger others? Work in teamsWork in teams

Obstacles to Obstacles to VentilationVentilation

AccessAccess

Security devicesSecurity devices

HeightHeight

Unfamiliar building layoutUnfamiliar building layout

TimingTiming

Factors Affecting Factors Affecting VentilationVentilation

Partial openingsPartial openings

Partially broken windowsPartially broken windows

ScreensScreens

Roof materialRoof material

Factors Affecting Factors Affecting VentilationVentilation

Dropped or hanging ceilingsDropped or hanging ceilings

Building sizeBuilding size

WeatherWeather

Opening windowsOpening windows

Lessons LearnedLessons Learned

Ventilation is a tool that is to be Ventilation is a tool that is to be used like any other tool. It must used like any other tool. It must be understood, used to its be understood, used to its advantage, and applied advantage, and applied carefully.carefully.

The EndThe End

Documents

Ventilation