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Vasile Dănuț COJOCARU, Doina RĂDUCANU, Ion CINCA,
Nicolae ȘERBAN, Mariana Lucia ANGELESCU, Elisabeta Mirela COJOCARU
Synopsis:
- GUM-type titanium alloys;
- GUM-type titanium alloy synthesis, TM-SPD processing
and characterization;
- Results and conclusions:
TM processing;
SPD processing;
Shot-Peening processing.
GUM-type titanium alloys
GUM-type alloy (typically Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr + oxygen): unique associated properties
of high strength, low elastic modulus and large elastic strain.
Materials for the biomedical domain: demands superior corrosion resistance,
biochemical compatibility and mechanical biocompatibility:
- corrosion resistance (monophasic / biphasic materials);
- biochemical compatibility (obtained by alloying titanium with beta-
stabilizing elements, such as Nb, Ta, Mo, and Zr – which are non-toxic for the
human body);
- mechanical biocompatibility (good mechanical resistance properties,
primarily high strength and high fatigue resistance, accompanied by a low
elastic modulus);
GUM-type titanium alloy synthesis,
TM-SPD processing and characterization
General considerations concerning investigated alloy
M. Morinaga, Y. Murata, H. Yukawa: Molecular orbital approach to
alloy design; Applied Computational Materials Modeling - Theory,
Simulation and Experiment (eds G. Bozzolo, R.D. Noebe, P.B. Abel),
Springer, 2007
Using Morinaga and Yukawa approaches, as
compositional range for the alloying elements
the following composition was computed:
GUM-type titanium alloy:
Ti-31.7Nb-6.21Zr-1.4Fe-0.16O (wt%):
𝑀𝑑 = 2.45; 𝐵𝑜 = 2.87;
where: 𝑀𝑑 – represents the energy level of “d”
orbitals; 𝐵𝑜 – represents the bond order.
𝑀𝑑 = 𝑥𝑖 ∙ 𝑀𝑑𝑖
𝐵𝑜 = 𝑥𝑖 ∙ 𝐵𝑜𝑖
GUM-type titanium alloy synthesis,
TM-SPD processing and characterization
FiveCeles MP25 (Ti: 1.660°C; Nb: 2.468°C; Zr: 1.855°C; Fe: 1.538°C)
GERO SR 100x500 heat treatment oven
Mario di Maio
LQR120AS
rolling-mill
GUM-type titanium alloy synthesis,
TM-SPD processing and characterization
Metkon Digiprep ACCURA
Etapa Disc folosit Mediu de lucru Timp [min] Viteza rotatie [rpm] Forta [N]
1 Metkon Abrasive paper-P800 Apa 3 - 5 300 20-30
2 Metkon Abrasive paper-P1200 Apa 3 - 5 150 20-30
3 Metkon Abrasive paper-P2400 Apa 3 - 5 150 20-30
4 Metkon Textile disk - FEDO-3 Metkon DIAPAT 3μm 2 - 4 150 20-30
5 Metkon Textile disk - FEDO-3 Metkon DIAPAT 3μm 2 - 4 150 10-15
6 Metkon Textile disk - FEDO-1 Metkon DIAPAT 1μm 5 150 10
7 Metkon Textile disk - FEDO-1N Metkon DIAPAT 0.25μm 5 150 10
8 Metkon Textile disk - METAPO-VMetkon Colloidal Silica 0.05μm +
20% perhidrol5 150 10
9Vibropolisare
Buehler MicroFloc
Buehler Colloidal Silica 0.02μm +
20% perhidrol600 - -
Buehler VibroMet2
GUM-type titanium alloy synthesis,
TM-SPD processing and characterization
Tescan VEGA II-XMU SEM
Panalytical
XPert3 MRD
Gatan MICROTEST 2000
Willson-Volpert
401MVA
GUM-type titanium alloy synthesis,
TM-SPD processing and characterization
Distribution of alloying elements in Ti-31.7Nb-6.21Zr-
1.4Fe-0.16O (wt%) alloy after synthesis
ElementCompoziție
[% greutate]
Compoziție
[% atomice]
Eroare
absolută
[%]
Eroare
relativă
[%]
Titan 60,1603 73,6959 1,6146 2,1909
Niobiu 31,7612 20,0467 0,6400 3,1925
Zirconiu 6,5123 4,1859 0,1270 3,0340
Fier 1,4028 1,4728 0,0557 3,7819
Oxigen 0,1634 0,5987 0,0861 14,3812
Suma 100 100
Obtained chemical composition of
Ti-31.7Nb-6.21Zr-1.4Fe-0.16O (wt%) alloy
XRD spectra of Ti-31.7Nb-6.21Zr-1.4Fe-0.16O (wt%) alloy
after synthesis
Results and conclusions
TM processing
Results and conclusions
TM processing
ST - 800°C 45 - 50 [µm] Polyhedral equiaxed grains
ST - 900°C 95 - 110 [µm] Polyhedral equiaxed grains
ST - 1000°C 245 - 265 [µm] Polyhedral equiaxed grains
SEM-BSE image of ST1 SEM-BSE image of ST2 SEM-BSE image of ST3
Results and conclusions
TM processing
Microstructural state
Ultimate tensile
strength
sUTS [MPa]
Yield strength
s0.2 [MPa]
Elongation to
fracture
ef [%]
Elastic modulus
E [GPa]
ST – 800°C 1083 486 9 68
ST – 900°C 896 424 8 64
ST – 1000°C 828 428 5 69
Strain-stress diagram for ST1
Strain-stress diagram for ST2
Strain-stress diagram for ST3
Best candidate for TM processing
Results and conclusions
SPD processing
Results and conclusions
SPD processing
SEM-BSE image of ST1: RD-ND; TD-ND; RD-TD
SEM-BSE image of ST2: RD-ND; TD-ND; RD-TD
SEM-BSE image of ST3: RD-ND; TD-ND; RD-TD
SEM-BSE image of ST4: RD-ND; TD-ND; RD-TD
Results and conclusions
SPD processing
State
Ultimate tensile
strength
sUTS [MPa]
Yield strength
s0.2 [MPa]
Elongation to
fracture
ef [%]
Elastic modulus
E [GPa]
ST 1 1090,9 670,3 13,1 66,2
ST 2 1254,6 684,1 15,2 64,1
ST 3 1240,4 696,2 9,9 65,3
ST 4 1217,5 715,7 3,9 67,6
Strain-stress diagrams for ST1 – ST4
Best candidate for SPD processing
TM – SPD processing route
Results and conclusions
TM-SPD processing
Results and conclusionsTM-SPD processing
Microstructural state 1
Microstructural state 2
Microstructural state 3
Results and conclusions
Microstructural
state
Ultimate tensile
strength
sUTS [MPa]
Yield strength
s0.2 [MPa]
Elongation to
fracture
ef [%]
Elastic modulus
E [GPa]
State 1 830±14.6 335±7.9 19,1±3.2 59±4,6
State 2 896±15.1 424±9.7 8,4±3.1 64±3,5
State 3 1254±24.7 684±8.2 15,2±2.3 64±2,3
Microstructural state 1
Microstructural state 2
Microstructural state 3
TM-SPD processing
Results and conclusionsShot-Peening processing
Ball-surface interaction
Shot-peening
processing
scheme
SampleBall diameter
[mm]
Shot-peening density
[impacts/cm2]
Sample 1 1,0 150.000
Sample 2 1,6 58.000
Sample 3 2,0 29.000
Sample 4 1,0 300.000
Sample 5 1,6 116.000
Sample 6 2,0 58.000
Results and conclusionsShot-Peening processing
SEM-EBSD map of
precursor surface
Grain-size distribution
of precursor surface
XRD spectra of precursor surface
Results and conclusionsShot-Peening processing
SampleBall diameter
[mm]
Influence depth
[m]
Sample 1 1,0 110
Sample 2 1,6 200
Sample 3 2,0 220
Sample 4 1,0 180
Sample 5 1,6 220
Sample 6 2,0 260
SEM-EBSD image of Sample 3 processed surface
SEM-EBSD image of Sample 2 processed surface
SEM-EBSD image of Sample 1 processed surface
Results and conclusionsShot-Peening processing
SampleBall diameter
[mm]
Influence depth
[m]
Sample 1 1,0 110
Sample 2 1,6 200
Sample 3 2,0 220
Sample 4 1,0 180
Sample 5 1,6 220
Sample 6 2,0 260
SEM-EBSD image of Sample 6 processed surface
SEM-EBSD image of Sample 5 processed surface
SEM-EBSD image of Sample 4 processed surface
Results and conclusionsShot-Peening processing
SampleBall diameter
[mm]
Influence depth
[m]
Sample 1 1,0 110
Sample 2 1,6 200
Sample 3 2,0 220
Sample 4 1,0 180
Sample 5 1,6 220
Sample 6 2,0 260
XRD spectra of Sample 3 vs. Sample 6
XRD spectra of Sample 2 vs. Sample 5
XRD spectra of Sample 1 vs. Sample 4
Results and conclusionsShot-Peening processing
SEM-EBSD image of Sample 6 microstructure
Grain-refinement process during shot-peening
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, Executive Unity for Higher Education Financing, Research, Development and Innovation, Collaborative Project No. 213/2014 (2014–2016) and No. 112PED/2017 (2017-2018)
REFERENCES:
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Contributions to Mechanical Characteristics Improvement of Some Biomedical TNTZ
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Thank you for attention !