Vargas Díaz, Análisis de Procedencia

8/13/2019 Vargas Daz, Anlisis de Procedencia

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ORRI ci tr`otc

UQCROKCIBOD KC LD I DBOI RCBQC[DQD KC BSL[SQD

KCL O IR[O[S[N I DBONIDL K C D I[QNUNLNHD _ UCIRD@OCI[N LD[OIND@CQOBDIN

RCQOCR CRUCBODLCR

Vnlu`ci 4 I`crn 1

A D , D1542


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5/25

(Siovcrsokdk kc ld Qcpalobd, Sruhudy), Qnsdron Fcuollct [crzdhmo (SIQ), Hnizdln Fohucorn (Siovcr-sokdk kc ld Qcpalobd, Sruhudy), Lcvy Fohuto (@DC-SRU), Dkrodid Frdhd Kd Rolvd (Siovcrsokdkc Fc-kcrdl kn Ud`pd Ardsol), @drd @dhkdlcid Frrc (SAD), Dikrs Hdsbu (Siovcrsokdk kc ld Qcpalobd,Sruhudy), Bdòld Hodintto (Siovcrsokdk kc ld Qcpalobd, Sruhudy), Uduld Hnizlcz (SILU), RdikrdHuollcr`n (SAD), Hdarocld Hurdoca (SAD, OIDUL-BNIOBC[), Jldus Molacrt (Unitofbod Siovcrso-kdkc Bdtlobd kn Qon Hrdikc kn Rul), Rorlco Mncltz (DQBMDCN, Ucsquosds Drqucnlhobds, Ardsol)Did Ohdrctd (SILU), Qnidlk Kdvok Oslcr (Siovcrsokdk Idbonidl kcl Inrkcstc), Knidlk Gdbjsni (FDB-RN-SBMOLC), Kanrd @. Jloh`dii (SAD), Huollcr`n Ld`cizd (SILU-BNIOBC[), Bdrlns Ldikd(SAD), @dtolkc Ldizd (UrnDrMCU), Lnrcid LMcurcux (O@MOBOMS-BNIOBC[), Kdiocld @dischnsd(SIBS-BNIOBC[), Acridrkd @drbnicttn (SIB-BNIOBC[), Nsbdr @drnzzo (Siovcrsokdk kc ld Qc- palobd, Sruhudy), @drod @drsbmnff (SILU), Aradrd @dzzd (OIDUL-BNIOBC[), Qdfdcl Huckcs @ol-mcord (Siovcrsokdkc Fckcrdl kc Uclntds), @dtds @ckoid (BNIOBC[), Gns Luoz kc @nrdos (@DC-SRU),Lcnidrkn @ubbonln (OIDUL, BNIOBC[), Rcadstoi @unz (BNIOBC[), Gdvocr @usdlo (OIDUL, OID-UL-BNIOBC[), Mcrii @usbon (SAD-BNIOBC[), Muhn Idò (BNIOBC[), Xdltcr Inraos (KIQD,@oiostcron kc Hdidkcrd, Dhrobulturd y Ucsbd, Sruhudy), @drd Iucz Bd`cloin (SIIC), Fldvod Ntd-ldhdin (BNIOBC[), Rcadstoi Udstnr (BNIOBC[), Vobtnrod Uckrnttd (SIOBCI-BNIOBC[), BdarcrdUrcz (Siovcrsokdk kc ld Qcpalobd, Sruhudy), @drobcl Urcz (OIDUL-BNIOBC[), Ldurd Urcz Go`cin(BNIOBC[), @crbckcs Urcz @crnio (SILU), Inr`d Urcz Qcyinsn (SAD-BNIOBC[), Vorhoiod Uo-icduk (SAD), Dikrc Urnus (Siovcrsokdkc Fckcrdl kc @oids Hcrdos, Ardsol), @drodin Qd`ns (UrnDr-MCU), Kochn Qovcrn (SIB-BNIOBC[), Dikrcd Qnkrohucz (SAD, HcUd@d), Gdorn Qnhhc (Siovcrsokd-kc kn Vdlc kn Qon kns Roins), Guloctd Rdrtnro (OIDUL-BNIOBC[), Qotd Rbmccl-_acrt (SFQG), QnxdidRchucl (BIBQ), @dron G. Rolvcord (SAD), Qnòid Rolvcstrc (OIDUL), Qdfdcl Rurcz (Siovcrsokdk kcld Qcpalobd, Sruhudy), Did @. Ruoffct (Csbucld Rupcronr kc @uscnlnhd), Dlobod [dpod (SAD), AcdtrozVdlldkn [mocsci (Siovcrsokdkc Fckcrdl kn Qn Hrdikc, Ardsol), [naods Volmcid kc @nrdcs (SRU).

BNIOBC[7 Bniscgn Idbonidl kc Oivcstohdbonics Bocit bds y [cbinlhobdsOIDUL7 Oistotutn Idbonidl kc Ditrnpnlnhd y Ucisdòcitn Ldtoind`crobdinSAD7 Siovcrsokdk kc Aucins Dorcs

Budkcrins kcl Oistotutn Idbonidl kc Ditrnpnlnhd y Ucisdòcitn Ldtoind`crobdin, Rcrocs Cs- pcbodlcs cs uid pualobdboi kcl Oistotutn Idbonidl kc Ditrnpnlnhd y Ucisdòcitn Ldtoind`cro-bdin. Lns dutnrcs sni rcspnisdalcs kc lds okcds cxpucstds ci sus rcspcbtovns trdadgns.


6/25

ORRI Ci tròtc

Koscn kc tdpd7Qnòid Rolvcstrc

Koscn, `dquctdboi y dr`dkn kc oitcronr7Qnòid Rolvcstrc


7/25

DQ[C QSUCR[QC

LO@O[CR C BNI[OISOKDKCR KNR QCHOR[QNR QSUCR[QCR ID BMOTSO[DIOD/ANLVOD C IN UDI-[DIDL/AQDROL7 N CR[OLN BMOTSO[DIOD-UDI[DIDL

Gns Lus kns Rditns Ucoxntn 44DQ[C QSUCR[QC CI @DCR[QC KC BD@UN7 DLHSIDR O@ULOBDBONICR CRUDBODLCR

Clcid Vdllv 12

CR[SKONR BCQD@OBNR

DILOROR BCQ@OBN KCL LO[NQDL RSQCR[C KCL QN KC LD ULD[D, SQSHSD_.Bdroid Crbmoio 22BDKCOD NUCQD[QOD, ROR[C@D [CBINLHOBN C DILORC DQTSCN@[QOBD INR DRRCI[D-@CI[NR BCQ@OBNR KNR VDLCR KN UDQDIDAD, @OIDR HCQDOR C [SQVN, RN UDSLN, AQDROL.

@rbod Dihcloid Dlvcs, Cvdrostn Ucrcord Hnuldrt c Faon Qd`ni Kods kc Dikrdkc ;3RNAQC VDROGDR _ RSR KCBNQDBONICR7 SI DBCQBD@OCI[N D RSR FSIBONICR _ SRNR.

@dord @dli, Clcid Vdllv, Did @dlvdr y Rdrd Bd`pns 64QCULOBDIKN BNBBONICR KC LD BCQ@OBD UQNVCIOCI[C KCL RO[ON RDI OHIDBON (INQNCR[CKC @CIKNWD)

Qnsd @nydin y Bcbolod Frohnl 81CR[SKONR UC[QNHQFOBNR BN@UDQD[OVNR7 SI DBCQBD@OCI[N QCHONIDL D LD [CBINLNHDBCQ@OBD KCL KCL[D KCL UDQDI

Fldvod Nttdldhdin y @drobcl Urcz 8?BDQDB[CQOWDBOI KC UDR[DR BCQ@OBDR KCL RO[ON LDR @DQODR, UDQ[OKN KC @DHKDLCIDUQNVOIBOD KC ASCINR DOQCR. OI[CHQDBOI KC KOR[OI[DR LICDR KC [QDADGN.

@crbckcs Urcz @crnio, @drd Bldrd Udlcn, Lubodin Lpcz y Idoquci Hmodio Ctbmcioquc ?3DILOROR BN@UDQD[OVN KC LD [CBIN@NQFNLNHD BCQ@OBD KC LNR RO[ONR KC LD BSCIBD@CKOD C OIFCQONQ KCL QN BNQNIKD.

Guloctd Rdrtnro, Frdibd Rbuozzdttn y Uduld Hdllohdio 458AQCVCR BNIROKCQDCR RNAQC N BNI[D[N CI[QC NR BCQD@OR[DR KN LO[NQDL INQ[C KNQON HQDIKC KN RSL, AQDROL.

@drbus Ditnion Rbmofin Xott`dii 415@D[CQODLCR BCQ@OBNR KC LDR NBSUDBONICR KCL UCQNKN MOR[QOBN KCL SQSHSD_

@crbckcs Rnsd y @drbcld [naclld 425QCUCQ[NQONR RO@ALOBNR _ KC BQCCIBOD UQCRCI[CR CI LD UQNKSBBOI BCQ@OBD CIDHSDASCID, QTSOQD

@olcoky Vovodid _npdsd Qd`rcz 4;;UCQ@DIIBODR C @SKDIDR [BIOBDR ID BCQ@OBD KC S@D QCKSN GCRS[OBN-HSDQD- IO KN OIBON KN RBSLN ]VOO ID QCHON BCI[QDL KN QON HQDIKC KN RSL/AQDROL4.Rolvdid Wusc 465

[CBINLNHDCR[SKON KC MCQQD@OCI[DR L[OBDR KCL MS@CKDL KCL UDQDI OIFCQONQ. DILOROR KC LNRHQISLNR KC DL@OKI.

Ovdiid Dbnstd: Hrdbocld Lcovd y Ldurd @dlcb 482RCQOCR C]UCQO@CI[DLCR CI NA[CIBOI KC FNQ@DR ADRC UDQD LD BNIFCBBOI KC OIR[QS-

@CI[NR RCNR CI LD BSCIBD KCL UDQDI @CKON C OIFCQONQ Idtdbmd Aub , Lcnidrkn @ubbonln , Ldurd Urcz Go`cin , @cloid Bnll y Rditodhn Kclubd 4=3

OIKOBC

Budkcrins kcl Oistotutn Idbonidl kc Ditrnpnlnhd y Ucisd`ocitn Ldtoind`crobdin - Rcrocs Cspcbodlcs I4 (1). DN 1542

ORRI ci tr`otc


8/25

BSDKCQINR 4 (1)

ISCVNR DUNQ[CR DL CR[SKON KCL DUQNVORONID@OCI[N KC BSDQBO[D CI LD QCHOI UD@-UCDID, DQHCI[OID.

Lubodid Bdtclld, @drbcln @didsscrn, Gnrhc @nordin y Fcridikn Nlovd 155UQO@CQNR QCRSL[DKNR RNAQC CL DILOROR KC LNR @D[CQODLCR L[OBNR KCL RO[ON ULD_@DIRD (UQNVOIBOD KC RDI[D FC).

@cloid Bnll 146O[DHS_ HSDRS7 SI DAQOHN KCL DQBDOBN CI D@D@AD_ (UDQDHSD_) BNI [OLCR ULDINBNI-VC]NR _ USI[DR AOFDBODLCR _ BNI HQDADKNR DAR[QDB[NR _ KC UORDKDR

Gns D. Ldsmcrds, Uoldr Fdts, Qdì @nitcs y Còlon @unz 12;LD [SID MDBC UNBN7 SID DUQN]O@DBOI DL ROR[C@D KC UQNKSBBOI L[OBD KCL RO[ONUSCQ[N LD [SID (SQSHSD_) MDBOD BD. ;55 DNR B4; DU.

Gdvocr Lc`ns Wotn y Bmrostnpmcr Kudrtc kc Dr`ds 132BDKCOD NUCQD[QOD C DILORC [CBINLHOBD7 S@D DANQKDHC@ @C[NKNLHOBD UNRRVCL@CR@N UDQD BNLCCR L[OBDR FNQD KC BNI[C][N (C]C@ULN KDR UNI[DR KC UQNG[OL KN INQKCR[C KN AQDROL)

@drod Gdbqucloic Qnkct, Kanrdm Kudrtc-[dlo` c Vdlkcbo kns Rditns Guionr 16;CR[QD[CHODR [CBINLHOBDR KC HQSUNR HSDQDICR UQCMORUIOBNR7 CL RO[ON D FQCKCRBN@N BDRN KC CR[SKON. MS@CKDL KCL UDQDI OIFCQONQ, DQHCI[OID.

Qnòid Rolvcstrc 18?SI CGCQBOBON: DILOROR KC UQNBCKCIBODKC LNR DQ[CFDB[NR L[OBNR KC @NLOCIKD CI CLADGN, KNR CR[SKONR KC BDRN7 HSDIDGSD[N _ @OBMNDBI

Gudi Udaln Vdrhds Kdz 251


9/25

UQCRCI[DBOI

Kodid Qnldiko *

* Korcbtnrd kcl Oistotutn Idbonidl kc Ditrnpnlnhd y Ucisdòcitn Ldtoind`crobdin.

Bni cstd pualobdboi oiobod`ns uid iucvd scroc kcBudkcrins kcl Oistotutn Idbonidl kc Ditrnpnln-hd y Ucisdòcitn Ldtoind`crobdin (Rcrocs Cs-pcbodlcs) , buyn fnr`dtn cs cxblusovd`citc clcbtr-iobn. Ru ldizdòcitn in puckc scr `s npnrtuin,tciocikn ci bucitd ld cxohcibod bdkd vcz `sdbcitudkd pnr pdrtc kc ld bnùiokdk bocit bd, kckospnicr kc lds pualobdbonics dbdkòbds dbbcso- alcs clcbtriobd`citc y kc bnisultd daocrtd. Cl bn-òcizn kc cstc iucvn cspdbon cstoùldr ld kosbu-soi bocit bd kcitrn kc cgcs tc`tobns kc iokns,quc sni kc oitcrs hcicrdl tditn pdrd drquclnhnsy ditrnplnhns, bn`n pdrd prnfcsonidlcs kc ntrdsbocibods, oitchrdikn ci ld `ckokd kc ln pnsoalc clkcsdrrnlln kc trdadgns oitcrkosboploidrons.Budkcrins, Rcrocs Cspcbodlcs , sc oiduhurd bniui vnlu`ci kc bdrbtcr oitcridbonidl, rcuiociknlds prcscitdbonics kcl O Bnihrcsn Oitcridbonidlkc Drqucnlnhd kc ld Bucibd kcl Uldtd, bclcardknci darol kc 1544 ci ld boukdk kc Aucins Dorcs, clbudl fuc nrhdiozdkn pnr cl Oistotutn Idbonidl kcDitrnpnlnhd y Ucisdòcitn Ldtoind`crobdin.Cl òs`n bnifnr`d ui iucvn cspdbon kcitrn kcld dhcikd drqucnlhobd sukd`crobdid, cstdalcbo-kn bn`n Qcuioi Bocit bd kcl @crbnsur. Cstcbnihrcsn sc llcv d bdan ci fnr`d soùlticd bnilds OO Gnridkds kc Dbtudlozdboi ci Drqucnlnhd[upohudrdi y bni cl OV Cibucitrn kc KosbusoiDrqucnlhobd kcl Inrkcstc Drhcitoin, oitchrdiknci uid snld rcuioi bocit bd dl iblcn kc lns oi -vcstohdknrcs dbtovns quc trdadgdi ci tc`ds d icsci ld rchoi.Ci cstd pualobdboi, bn`pucstd pnr budtrn i-`crns, sc rcici 82 drtbulns voibuldkns bni lddrqucnlnhd y ld ditrnpnlnhd kc lds pnaldbonicsmu`dids quc mdaotdrni ld Bucibd kcl Uldtd, uidrchoi quc md tciokn ui cinr kcsdrrnlln kcitrn kclns cstukons drqucnlhobns kc Drhcitoid, pcrn quckcskc mdbc uins pnbns dns md bnardkn uid intd-


ORRI ci tròtc

alc votdlokdk. Ci `cinr `ckokd, sc mdi oibluokndlhuins trdadgns quc so aoci in csti korcbtd`citcvoibuldkns d ld rchoi `cibonidkd, cfcbtdi o`- pnrtditcs bnitroaubonics snarc dspcbtns tcrobns y`ctnknlhobns quc sni kc oitcrs hcicrdl pdrd lnscstukons drqucnlhobns.Mdi pdrtobopdkn iu`crnsns prnfcsonidlcs kc kos-toitns pdscs, fuikd`citdl`citc kc Drhcitoid,Ardsol y Sruhudy. Lds prnalc`tobds quc sc danr-kdi sni su`d`citc vdrodkds, yd quc sc oibluyci

cstukons kc suasostcibod, dilosos kc tcbinlnhd bc-ròbd y ltobd, bn`plcgokdk snbodl, sostc`ds kc dr-`ds, prnkubboi y bnisu`n kc dlo`citns, cstukons pdlcndàocitdlcs y hcn`nrfnlhobns, pnaldòci-tn tc`prdin kcl cstc sukd`crobdin, drtc rupcstrc,drqucnlnhd hudrdi, drqucnlnhd kc ld ùcrtc,drqucnlnhd mostrobd y `dicgn kc rcbursns pdtro-`niodlcs. Ci su bniguitn, cstc iutrokn hrupn kctcxtns ins aroikdi kc dlhi `nkn uid sitcsos hc-icrdl y dbtudlozdkd kc lds oivcstohdbonics quc sccsti kcsdrrnlldikn ci lds kofcrcitcs rchonics qucoitchrdi ld schuikd bucibd mkrobd ci o`pnrtdibodkc Rukd`robd.


10/25

UQLNHN

Kdiocl Lnpnitc y Dlcgdikrn Dbnstd *

* Oistotutn Idbonidl kc Ditrnpnlnhd y Ucisdòcitn Ldtoind`crobdin. Bniscgn Idbonidl kc Oivcstohdbonics Boci-t bds y [biobds (BNIOBC[).

Lns trdadgns rcuiokns ci cstc pro`cr vnlu`ci kcBudkcrins kcl Oistotutn Idbonidl kc Ditrnpn-lnhd y Ucisdòcitn Ldtoind`crobdin (RcrocsCspcbodlcs) , bn`n yd md sokn `cibonidkn ci ld prcscitdboi prcvod, sni frutn kc lds pnicibodscfcbtudkds ci cl àotn kcl O Bnihrcsn Oitcr-idbonidl kc Drqucnlnhd kc ld Bucibd kcl Uldtd ,rcdlozdkn ci darol kc 1544 ci ld boukdk kc AucinsDorcs, quc sc kcsdrrnll ci fnr`d bniguitd bnilds OO Gnridkds kc Dbtudlozdboi ci Drqucnlnhd[upohudrdi y bni cl OV Cibucitrn kc Kosbusoi

Drqucnlhobd kcl Inrkcstc Drhcitoin . Kcaokn d ldhrdi bditokdk kc trdadgns y dl td`dn kc lns dr-bmovns, mc`ns kcaokn kovokor cstc pro`cr vnlu`cici budtrn i`crns, ausbdikn nptoòzdr ld bnisultdy ld kcsbdrhd kc lns trdadgns rcspcbtovns. Ci cstcscitokn,Budkcrins, Rcrocs Cspcbodlcs , sohuc ld pnltobd kc dbbcsn daocrtn d ld oifnr`dboi bocit-

bd pdrd ld bnùiokdk dbdkòbd y cl palobn cihcicrdl (Npci Gnuridl Rystc` ).Cl pdinrd`d drqucnlhobn kc ld Bucibd kcl Uld-td cs bn`plcgn, tditn kcskc cl puitn kc vostd kclrchostrn bn`n ci lns dspcbtns snbonlhobns kc ldòs`d prbtobd drqucnlhobd, d vcbcs sch`citdkddrto bodl`citc pnr lds frnitcrds n oiblusovc pnr lds pnltobds dbdkòbds kc lns kostoitns pdscs quc ldoitchrdi. Roi càdrhn, soi kukd, su dbtudlokdk y sufuturn sni fdsboiditcs kc bdrd d cstc iucvn sohln.Unr ui ldkn, kcskc mdbc uins dns, sc nascrvd uisnstciokn du`citn ci cl rot`n kc lds oivcstohdbon-ics drqucnlhobds quc sc cfcbtdi ci ld òs`d.Unr ntrn, md bn`cizdikn d bnisokcrdrsc pnr kos-toitns oivcstohdknrcs bn`n uid `dbrn uiokdk kcoivcstohdboi, ci ld quc ld bnnpcrdboi kc kofcrci-tcs cquopns y kc kostoitds idbonidlokdkcs cs oikospcisdalc. Bocrtd`citc, ci dlhuids rchonics bn`nld prnvoibod kc @osonics, vdstds rcds kcl Bmdbn nci hrdikcs scbtnrcs kc ld prnvoibod kc Bnrrocitcsci Drhcitoid, lns iovclcs kc ld dbtovokdk kc oivcs-

tohdboi in sni lns `s dkcbudkns, yd quc cstin cstuvocrni rckubokns d kctcròidkns scbtnrcs, nfucrni oicxostcitcs kurditc kbdkds, ln quc sc mdbccxtcisovn d tnkn cl tcrrotnron kc ld Qcpalobd kcUdrdhudy. Ci cstc lto`n bdsn, in snln ld fdltd kcoivcstohdbonics, soin ld duscibod losd y lldid kc dr-quclnhns pdrdhudyns bni fnr`dboi dbdkòbd,o`poko cl kcsdrrnlln kc lns cstukons drqucnlhobnsci cl vcboin pds, d cxbcpboi kc uins pnbns trdadgns llcvdkns d bdan fuikd`citdl`citc pnr oivcsto-

hdknrcs cxtrdigcrns. Cstn ins quotd pnr cl `n`ci-tn kc uid vosoi oikospcisdalc kc ld drqucnlnhdkc uid kc lds bdacbcrds kcl rn Udrdi, mdstd quciucvd`citc vnlvc`ns d tcicr vosoaolokdk drqucn-lhobd ci cl Uditdidl (Ardsol).Sid sotudboi kostoitd sc nascrvd ci ld rchoi`s `crokonidl kc ld bucibd, knikc lns trdadgnskc oivcstohdboi ùcstrdi ui du`citn snstcioknkurditc ld lto`d kbdkd, hrdbods ci hrdi pdrtc dlns prnycbtns voibuldkns bni oivcstohdknrcs kclBNIOBC[. Dsoòs`n, luchn kc ùbmns dns, bn-`cizdrni d rcdlozdrsc kostoitds tcsos knbtnrdlcs snarc ld drqucnlnhd kcl rn Udrdi `ckon c oifcronr, prcscitdkds ci lds Siovcrsokdkcs kc Aucins Dorcs,Ld Uldtd y Qnsdron, guitn bni ld clcbboi kc cstdrchoi bn`n rcd kc cstukon pnr pdrtc kc iu`c-rnsns tcsostds y acbdrons kcl BNIOBC[. [dàoi,ci o`pnrtditcs rcds quc pcrtcicbci d ld Bucibdkcl Uldtd uaobdkds ci ld Qcpalobd kc Sruhudy, sckcsdrrnlldi pdrdlcld`citc prnhrd`ds kc oivcstohd-boi kc `ckodin y ldrhn pldzn, buyns rcsultdknso`pdbtdi korcbtd`citc ci ld drqucnlnhd kcl scbtnr guroskobbonidl drhcitoin dkydbcitc, y quc fuc uinkc lns tditns dspcbtns quc o`pulsdrni ld bclcard-boi kc cstds rcuionics bocit bds.Ci cl rcd kcl Dltn rn Sruhudy mdstd ldRcrrd Hc-rdl , y lns Bd`pns kc Qon Hrdikc kn Rul, ld sotud-boi mostrobd kc lds oivcstohdbonics drqucnlhobdscs dlhn kofcrcitc. Kurditc lds lto`ds kbdkds, sc


11/25

vocici kcsdrrnlldikn dqu kc uid dicrd bnitoiud,kostoitns prnycbtns voibuldkns bni dlhuids uiovcr-sokdkcs kc Ardsol y bni cl Oistotutn Dibmoctdinkc Ucsquosds. Cstc lto`n, cspcbodl`citc, llcvddkclditc uid ldanr kc 65 dns kc oivcstohdbonics

oioitcrru`pokds ci ld rchoi. Ld oifnr`dboi dr-qucnlhobd kc cstds rcds, sc md vostn oibrc`citd-kd pnr uid hrdi bditokdk kc cstukons kc o`pdbtn yrcsbdtc, quc ci dlhuins bdsns, dpcids sc cibucitrd pualobdkd ci rcvostds n pualobdbonics dbdkòbds.D clln sc su`di dl cins kns iucvns prnycbtns kcoivcstohdboi kc bnnpcrdboi oitcridbonidl ci clrcd kcl Dltn rn Sruhudy, uin kc lns budlcs dfnr-tuidkd`citc oibluyc d ld prnvoibod kc @osonics,knikc drquclnhns ardsolcns, drhcitoins y frdi-bcscs csti didlozdikn dspcbtns quc vdi kcskc cl pnaldòcitn oiobodl mdstd cl pcrnkn mostrobn.Ld icbcsokdk kc ui cibucitrn rchonidl kc drqucn-lnhd kc ld Bucibd kcl Uldtd bn`ciz d scr cvo-kcitc d `ckokd quc sc oibrc`citdad cl rot`n kcoivcstohdbonics ci ld rchoi. Cstn quck kc`ns-trdkn pnr ld d ucibod kc lns drquclnhns y kc lnshrupns kc oivcstohdboi quc trdadgdi dbtovd`citcci cl rcd. Lns so`pnsons, quc rcuiocrni cgcs tc`-tobns cspcb bns kc trdadgn, tdàoi pusocrni kcrclocvc ld bni ucibod kc dlhuids dhcikds kc oivcs -tohdboi kc bnlchds kc kofcrcitcs idbonidlokdkcs,bn`n quckdrni plds`dkds ci iu`crnsds kosbuson-ics c oitcrbdàon kc okcds y kdtns, cspcbodl`citcci ln quc sc rc crc d ld drqucnlnhd hudrdi, lnssostc`ds kc cxplntdboi kcl `ckon dàocitc, lns prnbcsns snbodlcs kc `ckodin y ldrhn dlbdibc, lnscstukons tcbinlhobns y lns dspcbtns pdtro`niodlcskc lns rcbursns drqucnlhobns. [dàoi muan o`- pnrtditcs dvdibcs ci cl oitcrbdàon kc okcds snarcdspcbtns `ctnknlhobns voibuldkns bni ld koi-òbd aonditrnpnlhobd kc ld rchoi y lns cstukons`nrtunrons.Cl bnihrcsn, quc sc kcscivnlvo bni ui hrdi cs- protu kc bnldanrdboi y bd`drdkcrd, oikospcisdalc pdrd cl kcsdrrnlln kc lds aucids prbtobds kcld oivcstohdboi bocit bd, pcròto hcicrdr `l -toplcs bnitdbtns citrc lns bnlchds kc kostoitns pd-scs, quckdikn cstdalcbokn bn`n ui iucvn cspdbonkcitrn kc ld dhcikd drqucnlhobd sukd`crobdid.Cl cibucitrn tdàoi sorvo pdrd dprnxo`drsc dlds rcdlokdkcs snbodlcs, cbniòbds, dbdkòbds y

pnltobds kc ld oivcstohdboi bocit bd kc lns pdscsquc oitchrdi ld Bucibd kcl Uldtd, quc bni kostoitnscsbcidrons y `dtobcs, mdbci dl qucmdbcr bocit bnkc iucstrns pdscs, pcròtocikn okcito bdr dkc -`s, icbcsokdkcs, kcaolokdkcs y fnrtdlczds kc ld

drqucnlnhd kc cstd rchoi.Ld bnifnr`dboi kc cstc vnlu`ci in fuc fbol,kcaokn prcbosd`citc d ld rcpcrbusoi quc tuvn clbnihrcsn y d lns iu`crnsns trdadgns prcscitdkns pdrd su pualobdboi. Luchn kcl pcrnkn kc rcbcp-boi kc lns trdadgns, sc oiobo cl prnbcsn kc cvd-ludboi quc kc`dik ld bnnrkoidboi kc kcbcidskc cvdludknrcs kc Drhcitoid, Ardsol y Sruhudy ykc tnkd ld scbucibod pnstcronr, oibluycikn lds rc-cvdludbonics, cl dgustc d inr`ds ckotnrodlcs y ldòs`d ckoboi kc lns budtrn i`crns, trdadgn qucsc bn`plct ci kns dns. Si hrdi i`crn kc pcr-snids pdrtobopdrni ci ld nrhdiozdboi kcl cibuci-trn, pcrn dqu qucrc`ns dhrdkcbcr cspcbodl`citcld cinr`c bnldanrdboi kc Gdvocr @usdlo, IdtdbmdAub, @drobcl Urcz, Kdvok Udu, Qnòid Rolvcstrc,Aradrd @dzzd, Lcnidrkn @ubbonln y ui hrdi i-`crn kc cstukoditcs kc ld bdrrcrd kc Ditrnpnlnhdkc ld Fdbultdk kc Folnsnfd y Lctrds, quc pcròtoc-rni cl inr`dl kcsdrrnlln kcl Bnihrcsn, bn`n dstdàoi d lds dutnrokdkcs kc ld Siovcrsokdk @do-ìokcs, quc pusocrni d iucstrd kospnsoboi kos-toitds oistdldbonics knikc sc kcsdrrnll cl òs`n.Cl BNIOBC[ kon tnkn cl dpnyn idibocrn quc scicbcsotdad pdrd quc cl cvcitn bnitdrd bni tnkds ldsfdbolokdkcs pdrd su bniscbuboi. Foidl`citc, intcic`ns `s quc pdldards kc hrdtotuk pdrd lns bdso;55 bnlchds quc pdrtobopdrni kcl cvcitn, quocicsmdi hcicrdkn cstc iucvn cspdbon kcstoidkn dl ci-bucitrn kc ld drqucnlnhd kc ld rchoi.Kd`ns pucs ld aocivciokd d cstc vnlu`ci, quc ciuid hrdi bditokdk kc csbcidrons, rcprcscitd uidinvckdk y uid pucstd d puitn kc ld drqucnlnhd kcld Bucibd kcl Uldtd.


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[CBINLNHD


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ORRI ci tròtc

S I CGCQBOBON: DILOROR KC UQNBCKCIBODKC LNR DQ[CFDB[NR L[OBNR KC@NLOCIKD CI CL ADGN, KNR CR[SKONR KC BDRN7 HSDIDGSD[N _ @OBMND-

BI

Gudi Udaln Vdrhds Kdz 4

QCRS@CILns dvdibcs ci cl cstukon ctindrqucnlhobn kc ld prnkubboi kc drtcfdbtns ltobns kc `nlocikd

ci lds bnùiokdkcs kc Cl [ldbudbmc y Gdpdburn ci cl surncstc kcl Adgn `cxobdin, mdi pcròtokn orbnistruycikn uid hud quc puckd scr utolozdkd ci ld oivcstohdboi drqucnlhobd. Cl kcsdrrnlln kc cstdtocic bn`n nagctovn proibopdl okcito bdr y didlozdr tditn lns oikobdknrcs `dtcrodlcs bn`n cspdbodlcsbdrdbtcrstobns kc lns prnbcsns kc prnkubboi. Cstns oikobdknrcs scri kc hrdi dyukd ci ld okcito bd -boi c oitcrprctdboi kc lns bnitcxtns drqucnlhobns dsnbodkns d cstc topn kc prnkubboi. Dkc`s, clcstukon ctindrqucnlhobn sc md bn`plc`citdkn bni cl dilosos òbrnsbpobn kc lns `dtcrodlcs, cl budlmd pcròtokn kctcròidr kofcrcibods ci lds bdrdbtcrstobds fsobds kc lds `dtcrods pro`ds kospnioalcs yutolozdkds pnr bdkd bnùiokdk. Cstns dilosos mdi dpnrtdkn lns pro`crns kdtns tolcs pdrd lns cstukons kc prnbckcibod kc lns drtcfdbtns prnkubokns pnr bdkd bnùiokdk.

DAR[QDB[Dkvdibcs oi tmc ctmindrbmdcnlnhobdl stuky nf nihnoih hrnuik stnic tcbminlnhy prnkubtoni oi

tmc bn`ùiotocs nf Cl [ldbudbmc dik Gdpdburn oi tmc snutmcdstcri Adgn @cxobdi mdvc `dkc ot pnssoalctn bnistrubt d `nkcl tmdt bdi ac usck oi drbmdcnlnhobdl rcscdrbm. [mc proibopdl nagcbtovcs oi kcvclnpoihtmos nkcl drc tn okcitofy dik didlyzc tmc dtcrodl oikobdtnrs dik spdtodl bmdrdbtcrostobs nf tmc prnkubtoni prnbcsscs. Rubm fcdturcs woll dok hrcdtly oi okcitofyoih dik oitcrprctoih tmc drbmdcnlnhobdl bnitcxts wotmwmobm tmos joik nf `diufdbturoih os dssnbodtck. [mcsc ctmindrbmdcnlnhobdl stukocs drc tmci bn`plc-`citck ay òbrnsbnpob didlyscs nf tmc `dtcrodls usck, oi nrkcr tn kctcròic koffcrcibcs oi tmc pmysobdlbmdrdbtcrostobs nf tmc rdw `dtcrodls tmdt drc dvdoldalc fnr usc oi tmc bn`ùiotocs. [mcsc didlyscs mdvchcicrdtck tmc rst uscful kdtd fnr stukocs nf tmc nrohoi nf tmc drtofdbts prnkubck dt tmcsc twn sotcs.

QCRS@NDvdins in cstukn kds bnùiokdkcs ctindrqucnlhobds `ndhc` lotmob prnkun Cl [ldbudbmc

c Gdpdburn c in sukncstc kn @xobn Adgon, pcròtord`-lmcs bnistruor u` huod quc pnkc scr usdkn c` pcsquosds drqucnlhobds. N kcscivnlvo`citn kn nagctovn proibopdl kcstc `nkcln okcito bdr c didlosdrns oikobdknrcs fsobns c bdrdbtcrstobds cspdbodos kn prnbcssn kc prnkun. Cstcs oikobdknrcs scrn kchrdikc dgukd id okcito bdn c oitcrprctdn kns bnitcxtns drqucnlhobns dssnbodkns d cstc topn kc prn -kun. Dl` kossn, n cstukn ctindrqucnlhobds bn`plc`citdkd pnr dilosc obrnsbpobd kc dtcrodos,quc okcito bnu kofcrcids ids bdrdbtcrstobds fsobds kds `dtrods-pro`ds kospnivcos c utolozdkds pnrbdkd bnùiokdkc. Csscs tcstcs fnricbcrd` ns pro`corns kdkns tcos pdrd cstukns kc nrohc` kns drtcfdtns prnkuzokns pnr bdkd bnùiokdkc.

4 @dcstrn ci drqucnlnhd pnr Cl Bnlchon kc @obmndbi (BNL@OBM), Ld Uockdk, @obmndbi-@xobn: bnrrcns gudivdrhds^18Emnt`dol.bn`: gudivdrhds18Eh`dol.bn.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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252

SI CGCQBOBON: DILOROR KC UQNBCKCIBOD KC LNR DQ[CFDB[NR...

OI[QNKSBBOICl trdadgn quc sc prcscitd d bnitoiudboi,

bnistotuyc uid pdrtc n, `cgnr kobmn, ui bdptuln,kc ld tcsos quc sc prcscit bni cl prnpsotn kc na-tcicr cl hrdkn kc `dcstrn ci drqucnlnhd ci cl pds

kc @xobn, ld quc tcid bn`n fdbtnr proibopdl cl prnpnicr uid hud ctindrqucnlhobd quc dyukc dcitcikcr lns bdàons y dltcrdbonics, quc sufrcilns luhdrcs (rcds kc dbtovokdk) c`plcdkns pnr lnsdrtcsdins ci ld prnkubboi kc drtcfdbtns ltobns kc`nlocikd bn`n @ctdtcs, `nlbdgctcs y tcgnlntcs,citrc ntrns.

Cstd hud sc cibucitrd fuikd`citdkd ci cl`nkcln kc bobln kc vokd kc lns drtcfdbtns, prnpucs-tn pnr @obmdcl A. Rbmoffcr (4??3), yd quc ins md pcròtokn citcikcr kc `dicrd bldrd lns kns pro`c-rns prnbcsns (natciboi y `diufdbturd) kcl boblnkc vokd drtcfdbtudl y, dl òs`n toc`pn, md pcrò-tokn prnpnicr cl bobln kc vokd kc lns drtcfdbtns kc`nlocikd1 (vcr Fohurd 4).

Lns rcsultdkns quc sc prcscitdi ci cstc dr-tbuln mdbci rcfcrcibod dl dilosos kc ldanrdtnron ci ausbd kc rcspnikcr d uid oiquoctuk prnpod, socikncstd, cl sdacr so Cs pnsoalc rcdlozdr ui dilosos kc prnbckcibod kc lns `dtcrodlcs ltobns> Ci cstc bdsnci pdrtobuldr kobmn dilosos sc rcdlozdr snarc lnsdrtcfdbtns ltobns kc `nlocikd.

Lds lnbdlokdkcs adgn cstukon sni kns, uidcs Cl [ldbudbmc pcrtcicbocitc dl uiobopon kc Ui- gd`n (Hudidgudtn), y ntrd ci Gdpdburn quc fnr`d pdrtc kcl ùiobopon kc Iu`dri ci lds dfucrds kcLd Uockdk (@obmndbi) (vcr Fohurd 1). Ci dàds,ld tdlld kc nagctns pdrd `nlocikd tocic uid ldrhdtrdycbtnrod mostrobd. Ld `diufdbturd kc drtcfdbtnsltobns kc `nlocikd, dl `ditcicrsc mdstd ld dbtud-lokdk ci cstd rchoi bnistotuyc ui lchdkn quc scmd trdisòtokn kc hcicrdboi ci hcicrdboi ku-rditc bocitns kc dns, n oiblusn quozs pnkrd`ns`cibonidr quc sc trdtd kc ui bninboòcitn òlc-idron. Cstd pcrvovcibod bulturdl ld quc pnkrd`nscitcikcrld kc dbucrkn d ld Krd. @dhkdlcid Hdrbdbn`n7

1 Cl prnbcsn bn`plctn kcl bobln kc vokd kc lns drtcfdbtnsltobns kc `nlocikd sc cibucitrd kctdlldkn kc `dicrditchrd ci ld tcsos oitotuldkd Ctindrqucnlnhd ci ld prn-kubboi kc drtcfdbtns ltobns kc `nlocikd kns cstukonskc bdsn7 Hudidgudtn y @obmndbi: kc ò dutnrd.

ld prbtobd kc maotns bulturdlcs, tpobd-`citc oi`crsns ci ld vokd bntokodid kc kc-tcròidkn `nkn kc vokd, quc suasostc duibudikn, lds bnikobonics dàocitdlcs, cbn-iòbds, pnltobds c oiblusn snbodlcs scditrdisfnr`dkds. Cstds prbtobds, lcgns kc pcr-`dicbcr oiùtdalcs n pcr`dicitcs ci sufnr`d nrohoidl sc trdisfnr`di y rcfuibonid-lozdi d ln ldrhn kcl toc`pn (Hdrbd Ribmcz155=7 21).

[ciocikn ci bnisokcrdboi ln prnpucstnbni ditcronrokdk citnibcs pnkc`ns citcikcr quccstc topn kc maotns bulturdlcs quc mdi pcrvovoknkurditc bocitns, c oiblusn òlcs kc dns lns budlcsmdi bdàodkn n sc mdi nko bdkn ci cl c`plcn kciucvds mcrrdòcitds: pcrn quc `ditocici oi`cr-sns lns sdacrcs dibcstrdlcs, ins puckci dyukdr dbnisokcrdr quc ld prbtobd ci s bnifnr`d ui ldan-rdtnron ci knikc cs pnsoalc cstdalcbcr didlnhdsctinhr bds rcldbonidkds bni cl prnbcsn kc `diu -fdbturd, mcrrdòcitds utolozdkds, rcds kc dbtovokdky nrhdiozdboi snbodl, citrc ntrns fdbtnrcs, y pnrclln scrvor pdrd citcikcr cstc topn kc dbtovokdkcs cibnitcxtns kcl pdsdkn ditohun, pnr ln quc: sc trdtdrkc kctcròidr ckoditc cstc cstukon lds kofcrcibodsy soòlotukcs citrc lds `dtcrods pro`ds kc bdkd ln-bdlokdk y kc scr pnsoalc kctcròidr uid prnkubboilnbdl quc ld voibulc bni cl pdsdkn ditohun.

UQNBCKCIBODKcskc mdbc dlhuids kbdkds dtrs, cl oitc-

rs pnr kdr rcspucstds d ld prnbckcibod kc lds dtc-rods pro`ds utolozdkds ci ld bnifcbboi kc kostoitns

Fohurd 4. Bobln kc vokd kc lns drtcfdbtns kc `nlocikd,dutnr Gudi Vdrhds


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25;

BSDKCQINR 4 (1)

Fohurd 1. rcd kc cstukon

topns kc drtcfdbtns, sc bcitr, ci pro`cr dspcbtn,ci lns `dtcrodlcs bcròbns, pnstuliknsc hcicrd-lokdkcs dbcrbd kc ld rcldboi citrc ld bcròbd y

cl `ckon dàocitc, cs kcbor, snarc lds icbcsokdkcskcl scr mu`din pnr cxplntdr lns rcbursns idturdlcsquc sc cibucitrdi ci su citnrin.


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Mdbcdprnxo`dkd`citc `ckon sohln, dpd-rcbc cl bnibcptn kccbnlnhd bcròbd ci ld lotc-rdturd ditrnpnlhobd, ci cl loarn Bcrdòbs dik @di, quc sorvc bn`n puitn kc bn`pdrdboi: cstcbnibcptn fuc prcscitdkn pnr @dtsni (4?63) y rc-

tn`dkn pnr Xollod`s (4??;a ) ci su trdadgn oito-tuldkn Cbnlnhd Bcròbd ci Muibotn @obmnd-bi (botdkn ci Vdrhds Kdz 15457 15). [ciociknci bnisokcrdboi ln ditcs prnpucstn, pnr qu in pnkrd`ns pnstuldr uidcbnlnhd ltobd (b.f. Vdr-hds Kdz 1545d7 1-2)2 .

Cl bnibcptn kccbnlnhd ltobd, ci cl qucsc provolchod ld rcldboi korcbtd citrc uid snbockdkbni ui `ckon sonhr bn y dàocitdl kc iokn7cl Adgn. D `dicrd kc kdr uid `dynr cxplobdboi pdrcbc pcrtoicitc rctn`dr ld botd kc @dtsni quoci`dio cstd quc7

dlhuins kc lns prnkubtns bcròbns kclmnàrc ci su bnitcxtn cbnlhobn Z.P cxd-òidikn cl rchostrn bcròbn kc lds dbtovo-kdkcs mu`dids tdl bn`n fucrni oi ucibod -kds pnr ld oitcrdbboi kc su bulturd bni clbnitcxtn dàocitdl (Frckcrobj Q. @dtsni4?637 151, botdkn ci: Xollod`s 4??;7 215).

@dtsni bnisokcrd ui cifnquc bnitcxtudl ydidltobn mdbod cl cstukon kc ld bcròbd y ld dlfdrc-rd (ln quc pnkrd dplobdrsc dl dilosos ltobn), kcskcknikc uaobd lns kdtns fsobns y bocit bns ci ui`drbn kc rcfcrcibod cbnlhobn y snbon bulturdl, dstdàoi cl snboncbniòbn, cl snbonpnltobn, ctb.,Csc `drbn lohd lds prnpockdkcs y bdrdbtcrstobdskc ld `dtcrod pro`d, ld `diufdbturd, ld kostroau-boi, cl bnisu`n y lns kcscbmns kc lns prnkubtnsbcròbns (Jnla 4?=?d7 1=3, botdkn ci: Xollod`s4??;7 215). Ds, sc puckc kc ior d ld cbnlnhd bc -ròbd kc dbucrkn d Jnla rctn`dkn pnr Xollod`s(4??;) bn`n7

ld rcldboi citrc cl citnrin fsobn, cl citnr-in aonlhobn, cl scr mu`din bn`n nrhdios-`n hcitobn y bni bn`pnrtdòcitn, y lds`diofcstdbonics bulturdlcs kcl mnàrc, bnicspcbodl ifdsos ci cl rdihn tntdl kcl bn`- plcgn bcròbn (kcskc ld sclcbboi kc lds

2 Unicibod prcscitdkd ci Uucald bni ntovn kc ld ]]O]`csd rcknikd kc ld Rnbockdk @cxobdid kc Ditrnpnln-hd (R@D), ci prcisd. Cstn kcacrd or ci aoalonhrdfd.

`dtcrods pro`ds, ld `diufdbturd y kcbnrd-boi,bnisu`n y kcscbmn) ci knikc sc ci-`drbd kc `dicrd dkcbudkd cl bobln kc vokdkc lns drtcfdbtns; (Jnla 4?=?d7 25?: Qobc4?=87 24;, botdkn ci: Xollod`s 4??;a7 215).

[n`dikn bn`n adsc cl bnibcptn dqu kcs-brotn, ins md pdrcbokn pcrtoicitc mdbcr ui sòl cicl cstukon kc ld ltobd kc `nlocikd y prnpnicr clbnibcptn cbnlnhd ltobd,citcikoiknld bn`n ldoitcrdbboi citrc cl citnrin fsobn (dhcitc daoto-bn), cl citnrin aonlhobn (dhcitc aotobn), lns drtc-sdins (scr mu`din, fdbtnr hcitobn) (vcr hurd 2),ds bn`n cl bn`pnrtdòcitn y lds `diofcstdbonicsbulturdlcs.

Uucs ui drhu`citn fuikd`citdl pdrd Rbmo-ffcr7 cs cl quc lns bnibcptns bocit bns drqucnl -hobns kcacri cstdr adsdkn ci ld bnikubtd kc lnsscrcs mu`dins quc kcacri scr dtcrrozdkds ci ldsnascrvdbonics kc lds dbtovokdkcs quc rcdlozdi nrcdlozdrni lds pcrsnids (Rbmoffcr 4??37 =) n pucstnkc ntrd `dicrd ld rcldboi citrc cl bn`pnrtdòci-tn mu`din y ld bulturd `dtcrodl, ci tnkn toc`pn ycspdbon (Rbmoffcr 4??37 6?,34: Rjoan dik Rbmoffcr155?7 6,1;: Xdljcr dik Rbmoffcr 15567 85).

Rcrdi lns trdadgns ponicrns kc Rmcpdrk(4?26, 4?36) lns quc cstdalcbocrni lds prcòsdsfuikd`citdlcs, pdrd cl usn dbtudl kc cstukons kc prnbckcibod ci bcròbd, ln quc md pcròtokn bni-tdr bni uid `ctnknlnhd cifnbdkd d ld rcbnlcbboikc `dtcrods pro`ds pdrd trdtdr kc kctcròidr uidvdrodboi tditn quòbd bn`n òicrdlhobd citrcuid rchoi y ntrd (Aosmnp, ct dl. 4?=1: Fldiicry, ctdl. 1553: @ojsd y Mcokjc 1554: Icff, ct dl. 1556:Rmdrcr, ct dl. 1556: Rtnlt`di 1554).

Cstd kctcròidboi kc ld vdrodaolokdk ò-icrdl y quòbd, kc lds `dtcrods pro`ds prcscitcsci uid rchoi y citrc rchonics, cs fuikd`citdl pdrd ld brcdboi kc uid adsc kc kdtns quc pcròtdmdbcr oitcrprctdbonics snarc ld prnbckcibod (Icffct dl. 1556, Rmdrcrct dl. 1556).

Udrd cl cstukon kc `dtcrodlcs bcròbns clcstukodr ld rcldboi bni cl dàocitc, hrdbods d lnskdtns budlotdtovns y buditotdtovns prnpnrbonidkns pnr tbiobds c`plcdkds pdrd kctcròidr csd vd-

; Ln quc sc cibucitrd ci bursovds md sokn dhrchdkn pnrcl dutnr kc cstc drtbuln


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quocics, luchn kc rcdlozdr trdadgns kc oivcstohdboimdi rcbupcrdkn cl `dtcrodl bulturdl kurditc lns rc-bnrrokns kc bd`pn ci cl soton: bnitdikn bni `dtc-rodlcs ltobns bn`n7tcgnlntcs (`dins), frdh`citnskc muoldibmcs y frdh`citns kc `ctdtcs (vcr hurd3): lns òs`ns quc sc cibucitrdi dl`dbcidkns cisus oistdldbonics uaobdkds ci ld boukdk kc @xobn,kc knikc sc pukocrni natcicr scos ùcstrds kc Cl@nrn y uid kc Bd`pn Rditn.

Kc dbucrkn bni Ucrcord y @ohcni (155=732), lns sotons drqucnlhobns ci ciboi quc bnis-totuyci cl bn`plcgn drqucnlhobn kc Bcrrn Adrd- gds8 : tuvocrni uid nbupdboi bnrrcspnikocitc dlCpo-blsobn citrc cl (635- ?35 k.B.), kdtdboi quc

kons d iovcl kc tnkd @csnd`robd. Rus prnycbtns sniidibodkns pnr ld càdgdkd frdibcsd y su bucrpn kc

oivcstohdknrcs sni kc ld òs`d idbonidlokdk. 8 Bcrrn Adrdgds, quc sc cibucitrd adgn cl cstukon kclBC@BD, mdstd mdbc dlhuins dns sc cibnitrdad koroho-kn pnr cl prcstohonsn oivcstohdknr Hrdl @obmcllct y cild dbtudlokdk sc cibucitrd d bdrhn kc Hrchnry Ucrcord,quoci md prcstdkn lns `dtcrodlcs pdrd lc cldanrdboi kcl prcscitc trdadgn.

bnibucrkd bni ln prnpucstn pnr Brkcids (Brkc-ids 4???,1558: Brkcids y Fcriikcz 155;) Kcdbucrkn d Ucrcord y @ohcni (155=) lns mdaotditcskcl bcrrn crdi dhrobultnrcs sckcitdrons y quc fnr-`dadi uid kc lds pnaldbonics bni `dynr kcisokdkkc pnaldboi kcl Adgn, quocics kcgdrni dlhuinsdrtcfdbtns kc ld bulturd Uurpcbmd (Ucrcord dik @o-hcni 155=7 32).

Lds ùcstrds adgn cstukon sc cibnitrdadidsnbodkds d cstrubturds drquotcbtiobds rchostrdkds pnr cl cquopn, lds quc sc bnibcitrdadi ci uid sc-roc kc lnòllns (lcihctds)=, bnitohuns. Cstc topnkc ùcstrds scri bnitrdstdkds bni lds ùcstrdsctinhr bds kc Cl [ldbudbmc tn`dkds kc lds oidsquc cxplntdi lns drtcsdins, yd `cibonidkds bniditcronrokdk.

Unr ntrd pdrtc, lds ùcstrds drqucnlhobdsquc ins dyukdri d bnitrdstdr lds ùcstrds ctin-hr bds kc Gdpdburn scri tn`dkds kcl soton dr -

= Fnr`dbonics hcnlhobds dldrhdkds d `dicrd kc lci-hctds quc fnr`di pdrtc bnistotutovd kc lns cspnlnicshcnlhobns

Fohurd ;. [opns kc rnbd cxostcitc ci ld rchoi kc cstukon.


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BSDKCQINR 4 (1)

qucnlhobn kc Wdrdhnzd: quc hrdbods dl trdadgn kcld @trd. Cuhciod Fcriikcz? , cibdrhdkd kcl prn-ycbtn kcl soton drqucnlhobn kc Wdrdhnzd y su cquopn: kurditc lns rcbnrrokns kc bd`pn, mdi pnkoknrcbupcrdr drtcfdbtns ltobns kc nlocikd tdlcs bn`nfrdh`citns kc muoldibmcs, frdh`citns kc `ctdtcs,tcgnlntcs (`dins pdrd `nlcr) y mcrrdòcitds bn`n pcrbutnrcs: kobmn `dtcrodl md sokn llcvdkn d ldsoistdldbonics kcl Bnlchon kc @obmndbi, knikc sc pukn rcdlozdr cl ldsqucn bnitrnldkn, pdrd trdtdr kcin kddr lns drtcfdbtns drqucnlhobns bni ld id -lokdk kc natcicr ld ùcstrd bnrrcspnikocitc pdrdiucstrns oitcrcscs (vcr hurd 6).

[biobds c`plcdkds pdrd cl dilososCi pro`crd oistdibod, sc rcdlozd kobmn

dilosos bni ui òbrnsbnpon aoinbuldr, pdrd kc-tcròidr so lds ùcstrds, quc sc mdi natciokn kclds kofcrcitcs lnbdlokdkcs prcscitdi dlhi topn kcvdrodboi ci tnrin d su cstrubturd oitcrid, cs kcbor,so ld cstrubturd oitcrid kc lds ucstrds ltobds tn`d-kds kc Cl [ldbudbmc ko crci kc lds kc Gdpdburn ci

ln rcfcrcitc d ln ctinhr bn, pdrd ln quc ins adsd -rc`ns ci cl hrdkn kc scpdrdboi y bn`pdbtdboikc lds vdbunlds vostds dl òbrnsbnpon.

Ci schuikd oistdibod sc prnbckc d rcdlozdrcl dilosos obrnsbpobn ci lns pdrcs drqucnlhobns prxo`ns d bdkd uid kc lds lnbdlokdkcs pdrd trdtdrkc kctcròidr so cxostc dlhi topn kc soòlotuk ci ldcstrubturd oitcrid kcl `dtcrodl ltobn (drqucnlhobny ctinhr bn): d `dicrd kc bnrrnanrdr uid bocrtdbnitoiuokdk ci cl c`plcn kc ld òs`d fucitc kc

? Oivcstohdknrd kcl Oistotutn Idbonidl kc Ditrnpnlnhdc Mostnrod (OIDM)

dadstcboòcitn kcskc pnbds prcmospiobds mdstdld dbtudlokdk.

Ntrn kc lds tbiobds quc sc c`plcdri, pdrd bni r`dr lds soòlotukcs n kofcrcibods cxos -tcitcs citrc lns `dtcrodlcs ùcstrcdkns kc lds knslnbdlokdkcs y sus pdrcs drqucnlhobns, sc prnbckodl dilosos kc ld bn`pnsoboi quòbd kc lns òs-`ns: pdrd tdl prnpsotn sc dprnvcbm cl òbrnsbn- pon clcbtriobn kc adrrokn45 bni cl quc bucitd clBnlchon kc @obmndbi (BNL@OBM). Cstc òbrns-bnpon tocic ld vcitdgd kc rcdlozdr cl dilosos kc ldtrdzd quòbd kc lns clc`citns quc sc bnlnquci pdrd su cstukon, oibluycikn cl kctdllc kc ld bn`pn-soboi quòbd y ld fntnhrdfd kcl scbtnr didlozdkn,bni ui du`citn kc mdstd 255.555 vcbcs.

Sid vcz quc sc bucitc bni lns rcsultdknkc ld trdzd quòbd kc lns `dtcrodlcs didlozdkns,uin kc iucstrns oikobdknrcs pnr cxbclcibod d tcicrci bnisokcrdboi ci cl dilosos quòbn kcl `dtc-rodl ltobn scr cl slobc (RoN ), pucs cl vdlnr kc cstcbn`pnicitc ins pcròtor kctcròidr bni ui dltnhrdkn kc bni daolokdk cl topn kc rnbd cxostcitc ci

bdkd uid kc lds lnbdlokdkcs adgn cstukon: yd quc kcdbucrkn d ld bldso bdboi rcdlozdkd pnr cl OICHO(1553741) sc puckci bnisokcrdr bn`n rnbds ultrdasobds dqucllds quc prcscitci ui pnrbcitdgc kcslobc (RoN1) `cinr dl ;3%, òcitrds quc sc bni-sokcrdri rnbds asobds dqucllds buyn pnrbcitdgckc slobc (RoN1) sc ohudl n cxbckd kcl ;3% dl 31%(oaok).

45 @drbd GCNL `nkcln GR@-62?5 LV LHR, quc buci-td bni ui cspcbtr`ctrn kc cicrhd kospcrsovd kc rdyns] y cspcbtr`ctrn kc unrcsbcibod kc rdyns ] `drbdNxfnrk `nkcln 135

Fohurd 3. @ucstrds drqucnlhobds prcstdkds pnr clBC@BD

Fohurd 6. @ucstrds drqucnlhobds kc Wdrdhnzd, lnbdlo- zdkds ci cl (BNL@OBM)


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Sid vcz bnlnbdkds lds ùcstrds d didlo-zdr kcitrn kcl òbrnsbnpon kc adrrokn sc rcdlozd-rni trcs lcbturds kc uid òs`d ùcstrd, cs kcbor,snarc uid ùcstrd sc pnsobonid cl òbrnsbnpon citrcs kofcrcitcs luhdrcs pdrd natcicr ld lcbturd kcld bn`pnsoboi quòbd kc lns kofcrcitcs puitnskc ld ùcstrd, kc lns rcsultdkns natciokns ci clòbrnsbnpon sc prnbckc d natcicr ld `ckod kc lnsbn`pnicitcs quòbns kc ld rnbd, bdac dbldrdr quclns rcsultdkns quc cl òbrnsbnpon kc adrrokn inskd, sni lns kcl pcsn nlcbuldr y cl pcsn ci pnrbci-tdgc kc lns clc`citns quòbns: pnr ln quc pdrd ldoitcrprctdboi kc cstc cstukon sc mdi bnisokcrdkntn`dr lns pcsns ci pnrbcitdgcs, idkd `s pdrd dho-lozdr ld oitcrprctdboi y lcbturd kc lns kdtns.

QCRSL[DKNRLuchn kc mdacr cxpucstn prrdfns dtrs ld

`dicrd b`n sc prnbckcr ci cl prcscitc dpnrtckcacrc`ns kc dbldrdr quc mdstd cl `n`citn, inmd cxostokn ui dilosos kc drtcfdbtns ltobns kc `n-locikd ci ld rchoi kcl Adgn, pnr ln quc ld `d-ynrd kc oivcstohdknrcs kc ld rchoi rcldbonidid lns drtcfdbtns ltobns kc `nlocikd bni adsdltns(asobds), kcl 455% kc lns drtcfdbtns ltobns didlo-zdkns sc bnisokcrd pnrkcfdultquc sni rcdlozdknsbni adsdltns (asobds), pnr ln quc sc cspcrd quc ld prcscitc bnitroauboi dyukc d csbldrcbcr bocrtdskofcrcibods.

Bn`n rcsultdkn kc iucstrn pro`cr dilosos,cl quc tocic quc vcr, bni cl dilosos kc lds cstrub-turd oitcrid kc lns `dtcrodlcs citcikc`ns quc ldsùcstrds tditn drqucnlhobds bn`n ctinhr bds kc

ld lnbdlokdk kc Cl [ldbudbmc bni su rcspcbtovn pdrdrqucnlhobn kc Bcrrn Adrdgds (Hudidgudtn) kcao-kn d su prnxoòkdk prcscitdi ui topn kc cstrubturdoitcrid ùy pdrcbokd cs kcbor, quc cxostc ui dltnhrdkn kc pnrnsokdk bni vdbunlds ùy hrdikcs yborbuldrcs (vcr hurd 8), ci dlhuins bdsns pcrn inci tnkns yd quc dl `n`citn kcl cifrodòcitn kc ldldvd in cs icbcsdron quc cl vdpnr kc dhud dtrdpdknci ld ldvd tcihd ui òs`n `n`citn kc scbdkn ioscd tntdl`citc oi`vol pnr ln quc ci dlhuids kc ldsùcstrds cstc topn kc vdbunlds prcscitdi uid fnr-`d dlhn dldrhdkd: pnr ln quc pnkrd`ns kcbor quccl hrdkn kc bnrrcspnikcibod citrc lns `dtcrodlcsdrqucnlhobns y ctinhr bns: `cgnr kobmn citrcBcrrn adrdgds y Cl [ldbudmc sni ùy clcvdkns.

Unr ntrn ldkn, d pdrtor kc lds ùcstrds dr-qucnlhobds y ctinhr bds quc sc tn`drni kcl sotondrqucnlhobn kc Wdrdhnzd y ld lnbdlokdk kc Gdpd-burn (@obmndbi) rcspcbtovd`citc sc pukn nascr-vdr quc cl topn kc rnbd asobd cxostcitcs ci cl rcd prcscitd uid cstrubturd oitcrid ùy bn`pdbtd soiùbmd pnrnsokdk bni oiblusonics kc bnlnr rngozdsy d`drollcitds (vcr hurd =) pnr ln quc pnkrd`nsdsuòr quc kobmd bn`pdbtdboi cs kcaokn d quccl topn kc adsdltn quc sc fnr` ci òllnics kcdns c`crho d ld supcr boc kcaokn d lns `ltoplcsdbnitcboòcitns tcbtiobns quc prcscitn ld rchoi pnr ln quc sc clcvdrni cstds bnluìds adsltobdsfnr`dikn ld `csctd kc Dbuotzon kc ld budl sc na-tocic ld `dtcrod pro`d ln quc mdbc quc cstc topn kcbnluìds ins prcscitci cstd bn`pdbtdboi.

Cs kcbor quc bn`n rcsultdkn kc iucstrndilosos lns pdrcs ctinhr bns y drqucnlhobns kc

Fohurd 8. Cstrubturd oitcrid kc lds ùcstrds ctinhrf -bds kcl [ldbudbmc y drqucnlhobds kc B. Adrdgds

Fohurd =. Cstrubturd oitcrid kc lds ùcstrds ctinhrf -bds kc Gdpdburn y drqucnlhobds kc Wdrdhnzd


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BSDKCQINR 4 (1)

ui òs`n Cstdkn sc bnrrcspnikci, n `cgnr kobmn prcscitdi uid òs`d cstrubturd oitcrid, pcrn dlòs`n toc`pn ko crci ld uid rchoi kc ld ntrd:yd quc ci cl bdsn kc lds ùcstrds drqucnlhobds yctinhr bds kc Hudidgudtn sni `s pnrnsds quclds ctinhr bds y drqucnlhobds kc @obmndbi quc

rcsultdrni `s bn`pdbtds.Ci ln rcfcrcitc dl dilosos kc ld trdzd qu-

òbd, lns rcsultdkns quc sc natuvocrni sni lns so-huocitcs7

Ci ui pro`cr iovcl kc dilosos citrc ldsùcstrds ctinhr bds kc lds kns lnbdlokdkcs Cl[ldbudbmc (Hudidgudtn) y Gdpdburn (@obmndbi)sc puckc nascrvdr quc cxostc uid lohcrd vdrodboicitrc lns vdlnrcs buditotdtovns kc slobc (RoN ), rc-

cgdkns ci lns pnrbcitdgcs natciokns kcl òbrns -bnpon kc adrrokn (vcr hurd ?).

Unkrc`ns citcikcr d lds rnbds kc ld bnù-iokdk kc Cl tldbudbmc bn`n rnbds hicds oitrusovds,quc pnr su bnitciokn òicrdlhobn prcknòiditcci cl RON (slobc) puckc scr bldso bdkd bn`n uitopn kc rnbd ultrdasobd yd quc prcscitd ui pnrbci-tdgc `cinr dl ;3 % kc slobc (RoN ), y quc puckcscr bldso bdkd bn`n ui topn kc rnbd ultrd`fbd :buyd bn`pnsoboi òicrdlhobd cscibodl cs kc uidrnbd plutiobd bn`pucstd cscibodl`citc kc òic-rdlcs ` bns (fcrrn`dhicsodins)

Csn pnr ui ldkn, òcitrds quc pnr cl ntrn

ci ld lnbdlokdk kc Gdpdburn cibnitrd`ns uid rnbdhicds cxtrusovds quc pnr su bnitciokn òicrdl-hobn prcknòiditc ci cl RoN (Rlobc) puckc scrbnisokcrdkd bn`n uid rnbd asobd yd quc prcscitdui pnrbcitdgc citrc ui ;3% y 31% kc slobc (RoN ),bldso bdkd bn`n ui topn kc rnbd adsltobd quc prc -scitdi uid bn`pnsoboi cscibodl kc uid rnbd vnl-biobd quc cst bnistotuokd kc pldhonbldsd blbotd.

Ntrn kc lns bn`pnicitcs quc sc puckcdprcbodr ci ld hr bd y lds tdalds prcscitdkds, td` -

aoi ins rc cgd uid ùy `drbdkd kofcrcibod cxos -tcitc citrc lds kns lnbdlokdkcs ci lns pnrbcitdgcskc Fc N (vcr hurd 45), cs kcbor, ci ld bnùiokdkkc Gdpdburn sni ùbmd `s mn`nhicds quc ldskc ld bnùiokdk kc Cl [ldbudbmc quc prcscitdivdlnrcs kostoitns kcaokn d quc cl scbtnr kc BcrrnAdrdgds prcscitdi kofcrcitcs Lcihctds y `n`ci-tns kc cifrodòcitn kc ld ldvd pnr ln quc lns vdln-rcs vdi d scr kofcrcitcs pnr lns kovcrsns `n`citnskc cifrodòcitn.

Cl lto`n kc lns vdlnrcs quc sc mdi bni-sokcrdkn pdrd ld oitcrprctdboi kc ld oitc`pcrozd-boi44 sni lns vdlnrcs kcl ikobc kc Udrjcr (4?85) n

44 Citcikocikn pnr oitc`pcros`n n `ctcnrozdboi d lddltcrdboi kc lns `dtcrodlcs rnbnsns cxpucstns dl dorc,dhud, mu`ckdk (fdbtnrcs ckon dàocitdlcs) y dl cfcbtnkc ld `dtcrod nrhiobd.

Fohurd ?. Bnitrdstdboi kcl `dtcrodl ctinhrfbn kc Gdpdburn y cl ctinhrfbn kc Cl [ldbudbmc, ci knikc sc rc - sdltdi lns pnrbcitdgcs kc RoN1 y XOU


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(XOU) quc kc dbucrkn bni cl Kr. Tucrn41 ci bnù-iobdboi pcrsnidl: ins pcròtc kctcròidr ld `n-volokdk kc lns clc`citns quòbns, bn`n sc cstiscpdrdikn y cl ikobc kc crnsoi kc ui `dtcrodl, cskcbor, cl hrdkn kc oitc`pcrozdboi quc md sufrokn pnr ld dbboi kc lns fdbtnrcs ckondàocitdlcs. Ldfrùld quc sc md c`plcdkn pdrd ld natciboi kccstc ikobc cs ld sohuocitc7

Frùld pdrd ld natciboi kcl ikobc kc Udrjcr XOU0 455*(1 Id1N/5.23 +

@hN/5.?+1J1N/5.13+ BdN/5.8)

Cl vdlnr kc Oitc`pcrozdboi dyukdr d kc-tcròidr ld prnbckcibod kc ui soton d ntrn hrdbods dlns iovclcs kc crnsoi quc prcscitc cl `dtcrodl cicstukon, buyd lcbturd sc oitcrprctd kc ld sohuocitc`dicrd: dqucllns vdlnrcs sc cibucitrci s prxo-`ns dl vdlnr kc 455 rcprcscitdi ui `dynr hrdknoitc`pcrozdboi, òcitrds quc, lns vdlnrcs quc sccibucitrci `s dlcgdkns sc cibnitrdri `cinsdfcbtdkns pnr lns dhcitcs `ckondàocitdlcs, cskcbor ui `cinr oitc`pcros`n.

Ucrn kcitrn kc lds ùcstrds didlozdkds cs

41 Kr. Ckhdr Tucrn, oivcstohdknr kcl ldanrdtnron kc Di-losos y kodhistobn kcl Udtro`nion, kc rcbocitc brcdboi,quc sc cibucitrd fuibonidikn dbtudl`citc ci cl BNL-@OBM.

oitcrcsditc rcsdltdr ld ùcstrd i`crn trcs pcrtc-icbocitc dl soton drqucnlhobn kc Bcrrn Adrdgds(Hudidgudtn), cs kcbor, Adr 5; Cl @nrn 41 T 4CKR ld quc ins prcscitd ui pnrbcitdgc kc slo-bc (RoN ) o`pnrtditc, pucs cxbckc cl ;3 % ln qucins cst rc cgdikn ui topn kc rnbd hicd cxtruso -vds, pnr ln quc sc pnkrd pcisdr quc kcac kc cxostoruid òid cxpucstd d lds bnikobonics dàocitdlcs,n `cgnr kobmn dl dorc loarc bcrbdid dl soton kc Bc-rrn Adrdgds (vcr Fohurd 44) quc mdyd sokn utolozdkdbn`n oid pdrd ld natciboi kc ld dtcrod pro`d nd su vcz quc cstc drtcfdbtn pukn scr trdadgdkn bniuid `dtcrod pro`d trdkd kc ntrn luhdr: n tdàoi pnkrd bnrrcspnikcr d cstc dilosos bn`n cl quccstc drtcfdbtn fuiho bn`n ui rchdln kc ntrd bn-ùiokdk prxo`d dl soton. Ins prnpnic`ns lds pn-soalcs vdrodalcs kc b`n puckc cstdr ui drtcfdbtnkc ntrds bdrdbtcrstobds yd quc ld `dynrd kc kdtnsbnrrcspnikc bni cl pdtri ctinhr bn cxpucstn cild pdrtc oiobodl kc cstc dilosos.

BNIBLSRONICRBn`n ui oiobon cl trdtdr kc rcspnikcr so

cxostd ld `dicrd kc oitcrprctdr ui dilosos kc prn-bckcibod ci lns `dtcrodlcs ltobns kcl Adgn, ln qucsc md bn`prdkn `ckoditc cl prcscitc dilosos quccstc topn kc kodhistobn ins md pcròtokn kofcrci-bodr uid bnùiokdk kc ntrd kcaokn d ld mctcrnhc-icokdk quc prcscitd ld `dtcrod pro`d bni ld quc

Fohurd 45. Bnitrdstdboi citrc lds ùcstrds ctinhrfbds kcl [ldbudbmc y lds drqucnlhobds kc Bcrrn Adrdgds, ciknikc sc rcsdltdi lns pnrbcitdgcs kc RoN1 y XOU


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BSDKCQINR 4 (1)

sc rcdlozdi lns drtcfdbtns kc `nlocikd yd quc ci clbdsn kc Hudidgudtn tditn ld ùcstrd drqucnlhobdbn`n ctinhr bd mdi kc`nstrdkn ui topn kc prn -kubboi snarc rnbds ultrdasobds (ultrd` bd)

@ocitrds quc pnr ntrn ldkn ci lns rcsultd-kns quc sc kcsprcikci kc lns sotons tditn drqucn-lhobn bn`n ctinhr bn kc @obmndbi prcscitdibn`n puitn kc rcfcrcibod uid os`d cstrubturd oi-tcrid (bn`pnsoboi fsobd) dl ohudl quc uid òs`dtrdzd quòbd ln quc ins pcròtc citcikcr quc ld prnkubboi kc lns drtcfdbtns kc `nlocikd snarc uitopn kc rnbd asobd (adsdltn) tcidi bn`n nrohci kccxtrdbboi kc dtcrod pro`d ld `csctd kc Dbuotzon,kc ld quc ci ld dbtudlokdk sc cxtrdc cl `dtcrodl l-tobn, citcikocikn kc bocrtd `dicrd ld prcscibod kcui pcrvovo bulturdl prcmospiobn, `nko bdkn pnrcl toc`pn pcrn bni ui scroc kc proibopons prcmosp-iobns oi`crsns.

Ci knikc sc pukn nascrvdr ui topn kc prnkubboi lnbdl kcskc pnbds kcl pdsdkn dito-hun bnitrdstdkn ci lns `dtcrodlcs drqucnlhobns

prxo`ns d lds lnbdlokdkcs ctinhr bds natciokdskurditc cl trdadgn kc bd`pn: snld`citc bnibluo-r rcsdltdikn ln o`pnrtditc quc rcsultdrd cl pnkcr

brcdr uid adsc kc kdtns kcl topn kc `dtcrodlcs l-tobns quc cxostci ci cl Adgn y su dsnbodboi bnilns sotons drqucnlhobns kc oitcrs ci cstd rcd kccstukon. Ci cstc bdsn sc mdi danrkdkn kns kc lnssotons kc oitcrs ci cstd rchoi pnr ln quc cstdrdi pcikocitcs danrkdr lns sotons kc Uldzuclds, Ucrdltd,Cl bpnrn yd ci Hudidgudtn cstns trcs sotons pcrnquc kc uid `dicrd u ntrd ins pcròtor sdacr bulfuc cl hrdkn kc oitcrdbboi citrc cstns sotons quctuvocrni su `dynr duhc ci cl Cpo Blsobn.

DHQDKCBO@OCI[NR@os `s soibcrns dhrdkcboòcitns dl Kr.

@dron Bniscis òcàrn kcl bnòt nrhdiozdknrkcl O Bnihrcsn Oitcridbonidl kc Drqucnlnhd kc ldBucibd kcl Uldtd, bni quoci mc `ditciokn bnitdb-tn hrdbods d lns `ckons clcbtriobns y ld dbcptd-boi pdrd scr pdrtbopc kc cstc dhin cvcitn, bn`ntdàoi, `dio cstn òs soibcrns dhrdkcboòcitnsd ld Lob. Qnòid Rolvcstrc, yd quc so in muaocrdsokn pnr su dyukd cl prcscitc trdadgn kc oivcstohd-boi in muaocrd vostn ld luz.

Fohurd 44. Bnitrdstdboi citrc lds ùcstrds ctinhrfbds kc Gdpdburn y lds drqucnlhobds kc Wdrdhnzd, ci knikc sc rcsdltdi ld pnsoalc ùcstrd dgcid d Bcrrn Adrdgds.


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242


AOALONHQDFDAosmnp, Q., Q. Q. y H. Q. Mnllcy4?=1 Bcrdòb bn`pnsotonidl didlysos oi dr-qbmdcnlnhobdl pcrspcbtovc. Oi Dkvdibcs oi Dr-bmdcnlnhobdl `ctmnk dik tmcnry, ckotck ay @. A.Rbmoffcr. vnl. 3. Dbdkcòb Urcss, Rdi KochnBrkcids, C.4??? Cl Adgn ci cl Blsobn7 dilosos rchonidlnrhdiozdboi pnltobd. Cl Bnlchon kc @obmndbi,Wd`nrd - @obmndbi.Brkcids, C. y C. Fcriikcz155; Dpuitcs pdrd ld mostnrod kc ld drqucnlnhdkcl adgn.OIDM, @xobn K.F.1558 Ucrdltd, Dadsnln drquotcbturd `niu`citdlkc ld trdkoboi Adgn. Oi Wnids drqucnlhobds ciHudidgudtn budtrn bdsns7 Uldzuclds, Bddkd kcld Vorhci, Ucrdltd y Cl Bpnrn, ckotck ay B. Bdstd-ckd. Fokcobnòsn kc oivcrsoi pdrd ld rcdlozdboikc lds dbtovokdkcs kc rcsbdtc y bniscrvdboi kcsotons Drqucnlhobns ci cl cstdkn kc Hudidgudtn,@xobnFldiicry, J. V., D. J. Adljdisjy, H. @. Fcoi`di,K. B. Hrnvc, G. @drbus, C. @. Qck`nik, Q. H.

Qcyinlks, Q. G. Rmdrcr, B. R. Rpcibcr dik G. _dchcr 1553 O`plobdtonis nf Icw Uctrnhrdpmob Didly-sos fnr tmc Nl`cb @ntmcr Bulturc @nkcl. Urn-bcckoihs nf tmc Idtonidl Dbdkc`y nf Rbocibcsnf tmc Siotck Rtdtcs nf D`crobd 451(21)74414?-44112.Hdrbd Ribmcz, @. D.155= Uctdtcs, Ucbcs _ Udtns 7 Ucrvovcibod Bul-turdl _ Bn`crbon Citrc @xobn _ [nlubd. Cl Bnlc-hon kc @obmndbi : BOCRDR, Wd`nrd, @obmndbi:@xobn, K.F.OICHO1553 Hud Udrd Ld Oitcrprctdboi Kc Bdrtnhrd-fd Hcnlhobd, pp. 4-12. Oistotutn Idbonidl kc Cs-tdkstobd, Hcnhrdfd c Oifnr`tobd, @xobn.Jnla, B. B.4?=? Bcrdòb Cbnlnhy Oi Qctrnspcbt7 D BrotobdlQcvocw Nf @ctmnknlnhy Dik Qcsults. Ci Bcrd`-ob Cbnlnhy7 Burrcit Qcscdrbm ni Bcrdòb @dtcro-dls, ckotck ay J. B. B. A. O. R. 342. 164-283 vnls. (Arotosm drbmdcnlnhobdl rcpnrts, Nxfnr).

@dtsni, F. Q.4?63 Bcrdòb Cbnlnhy Oi Qctrnspcbt7 Di Dp- prndbm [n [mc Rtuky Nf [mc Cdrly Bulturcs Nf[mc Icdr Cdst. Ci Bcrdòbs dik @di, ckotck ayF. Q. @dtsni, pp. 151-148. Dlkoic.@ojsd, C. G.y G. @. Mcokjc.1554 Ot Dll Bn`cs Nut oi tmc Xdsm7 Dbtudlos-tob Uctrnfdbocs @nkcloih nf [c`pcr Urnvcidibc,[nitn Adsoi, Droznid, SRD. Hcndrbmdcnlnhy7 Di Oitcridtonidl gnuridl 46( 1)7488-111. Icff, M., G. Aln`stcr, @. K. Hldsbnbj, Q. L. Aosm-np, @. G. Aldbj`di, @. K. Bnc, H. L. Bnwholl, Q.D. Kocml, R. Mnustni, D. D. Gnybc, B. U. Lopn, A. L.Rtdrj dik @. Xoitcr

1556 @ctmnknlnhobdl Ossucs oi tmc UrnvcidibcOivcstohdtoni nf Cdrly Fnr`dtovc @csnd`crobdiBcrdòbs. Ldtoi D`crobdi Ditoquoty 48(4)73;-86.Ucrcord, H. y H. @ohcni155= Bcrrn Adrdgds, Hudidgudtn. Drqucnlnhd @cxobdid ]VO(?1)731-33.Rbmoffcr, @. A.4??3 Acmdvonrdl Drbmdcnlnhy7 Forst Uroiboplcs.Fnuikdtonis nf drbmdcnlnhobdl oiquory. Siovcrsoty

nf Stdm Urcss, Rdlt Ldjc Boty, S[.Rmdrcr, Q. G., D. J. Adljdisjy, G. M. Aurtni, H. @.Fcoi`di, J. V. Fldiicry, K. B. Hrnvc, G. @drbus,Q. H. @nylc, [. K. Urobc, C. @. Qck`nik, Q. H.Qcyinlks, U. @. Qobc, B. R. Rpcibcr, G. A. Rtnlt`diy G. _dchcr 1556 Ni tmc Lnhob nf Drbmdcnlnhobdl Oifcrcibc7Cdrly Fnr`dtovc Unttcry dik tmc Cvnlutoni nf @c-snd`crobdi Rnboctocs. Ldtoi D`crobdi Ditoquoty 48(4)7?5-452Rmcpdrk, D. N.4?26 Bcll-[c`pcrck Unttcry. D`crobdi Di-toquoty 1(1)7428-42?.4?36 Bcrdòbs fnr tmc drbmdcnlnhost.BdrichocOistotutoni nf Xdsmoihtni, Xdsmoihtni.Rjoan, G. y @. A. Rbmoffcr 155? Ucnplc Dik [moihs 7 D Acmdvonrdl Dp- prndbm [n @dtcrodl Bulturc. Rproihcr Icw _nrj, Icw _nrj, I_.Rtnlt`di, G. A.


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BSDKCQINR 4 (1)

1554 [mc Qnlc nf Uctrnhrdpmy oi tmc Rtuky nfDrbmdcnlnhobdl Bcrdòbs. Oi Cdrtm sbocibcs dikdrbmdcnlnhy, ckotck ay U. Hnlkacrh, Mnllokdy,Vdibc [., Fcrroih, B. Qcok. Jluwcr Dbdkcòb/Ulciu`, Icw _nrj.

Sroac, L.G.1545 Hcnlnhd, @xobn, mttp7//www1.oic.hna.`x/c`dpds/knwilndk/lbm^hcnlnhod.pkf Vdrhds Kdz, G.1545d Ctindrqucnlnhd Kc Ld Urnkubboi KcDrtcfdbtns Ltobns Kc @nlocikd Kns Cstukons KcBdsn7 Hudidgudtn _ @obmndbi. ,[csos Ctindr-qucnlhobd prcvod d nptdr pnr cl hrdkn kc @dcstrnci Drqucnlnhd, Bcitrn kc cstukons Drqucnlnho-

bns, Cl Bnlchon kc @obmndbi, Ld Uockdk - @o-bmndbi, @xobn, .1545a Ctindrqucnlnhd Kc Ld Urnkubboi KcDrtcfdbtns Ltobns Kc @nlocikd Ci Cl Adgn7 KnsBdsns Kc Cstukon. Ci @c`nrods kc ld ]]O] `csdrcknikd kc ld Rnbockdk @cxobdid kc Ditrnpnlnhd(R@D), pnicibod prcscitdkd ci cl so`pnson # 84ci ld Boukdk kc Uucald - @xobn, 1545.Xdljcr, X. y @. Rbmoffcr 1556 [mc @dtcrodloty Nf Rnbodl Unwcr7 [mc Dr-tofdbt-Dbquosotoni Ucrspcbtovc. Gnuridl nf Drbmdc-nlnhobdl @ctmnk dik [mcnry 42(1)768-==.Xollod`s, C.4??; Cbnlnhd Bcròbd Ci Muibotn @obmn-dbi. Ci Drqucnlnhd kcl Nbbokcitc kc @xo-bn7 iucvds dpnrtdbonics, ckotck ay C. Xollod`s, pp. 24?-264. Cl Bnlchon kc @obmndbi, Wd`nrd,@obm.4??;a Cbnlnhd bcròbd ci Mudibotn @obmnd-bi. Ci Drqucnlnhd kcl Nbbokcitc kc @xobn7iucvds dpnrtdbonics, ckotck ay C. Xollod`s, pp.24?-264. Cl Bnlchon kc @obmndbi, Wd`nrd- @o-bmndbi

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