VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING · 9. a) Discuss the operating modes of 80386 with an example. 8M b) What are the serial data transfer schemes? Compare with an example. 7M 10. a)

Hall Ticket No: Question Paper Code : A1423

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS) B. Tech V Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, November - 2015

(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) MICROPROCESSORS AND INTERFACING

(Common to Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology) Date: 17 November, 2015 FN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75

Answer ONE question from each Unit All Questions Carry Equal Marks

Unit – I

1. a) Intel’s 8086 has several registers inside. What are their special functions other than being data holders?

8M

b) With example explain the addressing modes of 8086.

7M

2. a) Give the internal architecture of 8086 and details of each block. 7M b) What are the functions of the following pins of 8086 processor?

i. TEST ii. RQ/GT iii. LOCK iv. READY v. INTR vi. HOLD vii. HLDA viii. NMI

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the following string instructions supported by 8086 microprocessor: i. CMPSB/CMPSW ii. SCASB/SCASW iii. LODSB/LODSW

9M

b) Differentiate between Macros and Procedure.

6M

4. a) Explain how the correct result is obtained when 2 ASCII numbers 39 and 36 are added by 8086 microprocessor and the result is adjusted by AAA instruction.

8M

b) Write an assembly language program for sorting numbers using Bubble sort technique. 7M

Unit – III

5. a) Write an ALP to generate square wave using 8086 and D-A converter. Show the interfacing.

7M

b) Explain the two modes mode1 and mode2 operation of 8255.

8M

6. a) Interface two 16KX8 EPROM and two 32KX8 RAM chips with 8086 microprocessor by selecting starting address of EPROM suitably. The RAM address must start at 00000H.

8M

b) Interface a 4X4 keyboard with 8086 microprocessor using 8255. 7M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – IV

7. a) Give a detailed account of what happens when an external interrupt occurs and how the processor handles it?

7M

b) Explain the maximum mode operation of 8086.

8M

8. a) What is meant by vectored interrupts? Write the functions of five dedicated software interrupts in 8086.

7M

b) How is 8259 PIC interfaced with 8086? Illustrate with an ALP. 8M

Unit – V

9. a) Discuss the operating modes of 80386 with an example. 8M b) What are the serial data transfer schemes? Compare with an example.

7M

10. a) Compare the features of 80386 with 80286. 8M b) Compare the characteristics of RS-423 and RS-422 in detail. 7M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) SOFTWARE ENGINEERING



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the different phases of Water Fall Model with neat diagram. Discuss when we can use Water Fall Model in software development. List its advantages and disadvantages.

8M

b) Explain different software engineering layers.

7M

2. a) Explain the CMMI Model. 7M b) Discuss how Personal and Team process model are helpful in software development. 8M

Unit – II

3. a) Differentiate between Architecture style and Architecture pattern. 7M b) "Requirements gathering is an art” Justify the statement. Also explain the use and

importance of various information gathering tools.

8M

4. a) Design DFDs (upto 2 levels) for a simple payroll system. A list of employees with their basic pay is sent to a clerk. He calculates the gross pay using standard allowances which are known for each payslab. Deductions statement, such as loan repayment, subscription to association, etc. are also sent to another clerk who matches these slips with the slips of gross pay and calculates net pay. This slip is used by a third clerk to write pay cheques for each employee and sent to respective employees. The total pay bills paid are also computed. Also prepare an SRS document for the same. If any assumptions are made, list them all.

12M

b) Write a short notes on system modeling. 3M

Unit – III

5. a) Testing often consumes more resources than most of the phases in software development life cycle. Describe two major factors that make testing so expensive.

7M

b) Differentiate between white box testing and black box testing. Explain the methods for conducting white box testing.

8M

6. a) Develop a use case diagram(s) for a video library system where a VCD/DVD issue and their return operations are allowed.

10M

b) Write short notes on User interface designing. 5M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain the fundamental framework and set of basic principles for measurement of Product Metrics for software.

8M

b) Discuss the different metrics for Analysis model and Design model.

7M

8. a) Explain Software Risks and discuss different categories of Risks. 8M b) Explain RMMM Plan for risk management. 7M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the ISO-9000 Quality standard. 7M b) Explain Software Quality Assurance in software development.

8M

10. a) Differentiate between Software Availability and Reliability. 7M b) List the different Formal Technical Review guidelines. 8M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) UNIX PROGRAMMING



Unit – I

1. a) With the help of suitable figure explain the architecture of Unix Operating System. Explain the role played by the Kernel and shell in sharing the workload.

10M

b) With suitable example justify Unix as an: i. Multiuser System ii. Multitasking System

5M

2. a) With suitable example explain the following: i. tty ii. script

5M

b) Create files and demonstrate the working of the following: i. head ii. tail iii. cut iv. paste

10M

Unit – II

3. a) Write a shell script that accepts a string from the terminal and echo a suitable message if it doesn't have at least 10 characters using: i. case ii. expr

10M

b) Write a shell script to reverse a number.

5M

4. a) Explain the following commands with syntax and examples: i. fopen ii. fflush iii. fwrite iv. fseek v. stat

10M

b) Develop a program in C to emulate mv command of Unix.

5M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain fork and vfork with syntax and examples. 8M b) List and Explain different forms of exec API with prototype declaration along with the

meaning.

Cont…2

7M

::2::

6. a) What are signals? List any four signals along with brief explanation. Write a program to setup signals handler for SIGALRM and SIGINT signals.

8M

b) Explain the following API with syntax and examples: i. kill ii. pause iii. abort iv. alarm v. raise vi. sleep vii. system

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) With the help of diagram explain client server communication using FIFO. 9M b) What are named pipes? How are named pipes different from pipes? Discuss.

6M

8. a) With the help of correct syntax bring out the significance of the following functions with respect to shred memory: i. shmget ( ) ii. shmat ( ) iii. shmdt ( )

9M

b) What is shared memory IPC? Justify that they are the fastest form of IPC. How are they different from message queues IPC?

6M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the following APIs with prototypes and examples: i. bind ii. connect iii. listen iv. accept v. send

10M

b) Explain the socket attributes.

5M

10. a) Explain the following: i. Datagram versus Streams ii. Stream Sockets

10M

b) Explain address formats. 5M

Hall Ticket No: Question Paper Code: A1515



(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A)

COMPUTER NETWORKS

(Common to Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology)

Date: 24 November, 2015 FN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


Unit – I

1. a) List and explain briefly about various functions of the network. 10M b) Write short notes on mobile telephone system.

5M

2. a) With a neat diagram explain TCP/IP reference model. What are the differences between TCP/IP and OSI model?

8M

b) With a neat diagram, explain public switched telephone network.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Generate the CRC code for the data word of 110010101. The divisor is 10101. 7M b) A channel has a bit rate of 4.8Kbits/sec and a propagation delay of 20msec. For what

range of frame does stop and wait protocols gives an efficiency of 50%?

8M

4. a) Explain the working of sliding window protocols with a neat diagram. 7M b) Fast Ethernet has the same 64byte minimum frame size but can get bits out ten times

faster. How is it possible to maintain the same minimum frame size? How much bandwidth loss will occur in this case?

8M

Unit – III

5. a) State and explain difference between virtual circuit and datagram subnets. 7M b) With a neat diagram explain IPv4 Header format.

8M

6. a) With an example, explain distance vector routing. 8M b) Explain in detail address resolution protocol.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Discuss in detail three way handshake techniques. 7M b) With a neat diagram explain TCP header format.

8M

8. a) Explain in detail the performance comparisons between TCP and UDP. 10M b) What are the principles of congestion control?

5M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain in detail MIME. 10M b) List and explain the five basic function supported by e-mails.

5M

10. a) State and explain the applications of application layer. 8M b) Explain in detail about Simple network management protocol. 7M





SYSTEMS PROGRAMMING

(Computer Science and Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the following : i. Registers with respect to VAX Architecture ii. Addressing modes with respect to Pentium Pro Architecture iii. Memory with respect to Cray T3E Architecture

9M

b) Generate the machine code for the following: Sl. No

Location counter

Source statement

i. 0000 STL RETADR ii. 0003 LDB #LENGTH iii. 0013 +JSUB RDREC

Assume the opcode for JSUB=48H,STL=14H and LDB=68H and label values are RDREC=1036H,RETADR=0030H and LENGTH=0033H.

6M

2. a) Suppose a RECORD contains 100 byte record, write a subroutine for SIC/XE that will write this record onto the output device 05.

5M

b) For the following sequence of instructions, find the final value of the symbols in the symbol table after multipass assembler making several scans over these sequences of instructions during assembly. (Assume the address of the Location counter is 1000 when reading a line 4)

1 HALFSZ EQU MAXLEN/2 2 MAXLEN EQU BUFEND-BUFFER 3 PREVBT EQU BUFFER-1 . . . 4 BUFFER EQU 4096 5 BUFEND EQU *

10M

Unit – II

3. a) Write the pass-2 algorithm of linking loader. 8M b) What is dynamic linking? Explain with a neat diagram the loading and calling of a

subroutine using dynamic linking.

7M

4. a) Explain the features of relocation loader. Write the algorithm for relocation loader. 8M b) Explain the working of Bootstrap loaders.

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the concept of concatenation of Macro Parameters with an example. 7M b) Explain the concept of generation of unique labels with an example.

8M

6. a) Consider the following program. RDBUF MACRO &INDEV,&BUFADR,&RECLTH,&EOR,&MAXLTH

IF (&EOR NE ‘ ‘) &EORCK SET 1

ENDIF CLEAR X CLEAR A IF (&EORCK EQ 1) LDCH =X’&EOR’ RMO A,S ENDIF IF (&MAXLTH EQ ‘ ‘) +LDT #4096 ELSE +LDT #&MAXLTH ENDIF

$LOOP TD =X’&INDEV’ JEQ $LOOP RD =X’&INDEV’ IF (&EORCK EQ 1) COMPR A,S JEQ $EXIT ENDIF STCH &BUFADR,X TIXR T JLT $LOOP

$EXIT STX &RECLTH MEND

Expand following macro invocation statement using above macro definition. RDBUF 0E,BUFFER,LENGTH, , 80 RDBUF F2, BUFFER, LTH

6M

b) What are recursive Macros? What is the drawback associated with it? How to overcome the drawback? Explain.

9M

Unit – IV

7. a) What is a dispatcher? Write and explain an algorithm for dispatcher. 7M b) Describe demand paging along with the importance of PMT.

8M

8. a) Write and explain an algorithm for dynamic address translation and page fault interrupt processing.

10M

b) Discuss the features of multiprocessor operating systems.

5M

Unit – V

9. a) Define virtualization. Explain its importance in cloud computing technology. 8M b) Write a note on benefits of cloud computing.

7M

10. a) Explain the challenges in building embedded software. 7M b) Discuss various requirements to build system software on Android platform. 8M





DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS

(Common to Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology)



Unit – I

1. a) With a diagram, discuss algorithmic design and analysis process. 6M b) Give a recursive algorithm to find maximum and minimum element in a list and analyze

the time efficiency of an algorithm.

9M

2. a) Write a tree structure that sort the following set of characters using Merge sort, give an algorithm for the same. V, A, R, D, H, A, M, A, N

10M

b) Give one example algorithm for the following time efficiencies: i. O(n3) ii. O(n Log2 n) iii. O(Log2 n) iv. O(2n) v. O(n)

5M

Unit – II

3. a) State knapsack problem? Write an algorithm to find all the feasible solutions for knapsack problem using Greedy method.

6M

b) Write an algorithm to find Minimum Spanning Tree using Kruskal’s Algorithm. Apply the Kruskal’s algorithm to the following graph.

Fig.1

9M

4. a) Define the following: i. Tree edges ii. Cross edges iii. Depth First Number (DFN) iv. Articulation Point

6M

b) Write an algorithm to perform Breadth First Search. Apply the same for the input.

Fig.2

9M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – III

5. a) Discuss matrix chain multiplication using dynamic programming technique with an example.

5M

b) Solve the travelling sales person problem and find the minimum travelling cost for the following graph using dynamic programming technique with source vertex 1 to all other vertices.

Fig.3

10M

6. a) Which of the problems can be solved by dynamic programming technique and which of the problems can be solved by divide and conquer technique that cannot be solved by Dynamic programming technique?

6M

b) For the following graph, find all pair shortest path using Floyd’s algorithm.

9M

Fig.4

Unit – IV

7. a) State n-queens problem. Write the state space tree of solving the 4-queens problem using backtracking.

7M

b) Apply backtracking to solve the 3 coloring problem for the graph.

Fig.5

8M

8. a) Define promising and non-promising nodes. List out the reasons when to terminate a search path at the current node in branch and bound technique.

7M

b) Apply the branch and bound algorithm to solve the TSP for the following graph.

Fig.6

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Discuss comparison tree with an example. 9M b) Define decision tree. Obtain decision tree for finding minimum of three elements.

6M

10. a) What is non deterministic algorithm, explain with an example. 5M b) Explain the following terms with example:

i. NP ii. NP-Hard iii. NP-Complete iv. Cook’s Theorem

10M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) THEORY OF COMPUTATION

(Information Technology) Date: 26 November, 2015 FN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


Unit – I

1. a) Define DFA. Construct DFA over the alphabets a,b to accept: i. Strings with even number of a’s and even number of b’s ii. Strings that do not contain the substring ‘aa’

10M

b) Briefly explain the applications of finite automata.

5M

2. a) Obtain a NFA to accept strings ending with ab where ∑=a,b. Also obtain the equivalent DFA.

8M

b) Obtain a DFA from the following ɛ-NFA using ɛ-closures.

Fig.1

7M

Unit – II

3. a) How do you define Regular expression? Write Regular expression for the following Language: i. L= an bm | n>=4,m<=3 ii. L= an bm cp | n<=4,m>=2,p<=2

7M

b) Obtain an NFA with ɛ for the regular expression (a+b)*ab.

8M

4. a) Obtain a Regular expression for the finite automata shown below:

Fig.2

8M

b) State and prove pumping lemma theorem for regular expression.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Let G be a grammar: SaAS | a |SS A SbA | ba For the string ‘aabaa’ find i. LMD and Parse trees ii. RMD and Parse trees

7M

b) Define ambiguity in a grammar and show that the following grammar is ambiguous for the string abababa: i. SaB | bA ii. A aS | bAA | a iii. B bS | aBB |b

Cont…2

8M

::2::

6. a) Write a procedure to eliminate ε productions from the grammar and also eliminate

useless, Є, unit production from the grammar given below: i. S → AB | ABC ii. A → BA | BC | Є | a iii. B → AC | CB | Є | b iv. C → BC| AB | A | c v. D → bD | d

7M

b) Obtain CNF for the following grammar: i. S AaA|CA|BaB ii. AaaBa|CDA|aa|DC iii. BbB|bAB|bb|aS iv. C Ca|bC|D v. DbD|ε

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Obtain a PDA to accept a string of balanced parenthesis. 8M b) For the language L= w| na(w)>nb(w), prove that it is non-deterministic PDA.

7M

8. a) Construct the DPDA to accept L= anb2n |n>=1 by empty stack. 8M b) Obtain a CFG that generates the language accepted by the PDA M = ( q0, q1, a,b, Z,A,

δ, q0, Z, q1 ) with transitions: i. δ(q0, a, Z)=(q0, AZ) ii. δ(q0, b, A)=(q0, AA) iii. δ(q0, a, A)=(q1, ɛ)

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Obtain a Turing Machine to accept the language L=anbn | n>=1 . 9M b) Show the sequence of moves made by the TM to accept the string aabb.

6M

10. a) Explain non-deterministic TM and compare with deterministic TM. 6M b) Define Post’s Correspondence Problem. Explain the undecidability of the same. 9M





OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING THROUGH JAVA

(Common to Electronics and Communication Engineering & Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Differentiate between String and StringBuffer. With an example program, demonstrate the usage of toString method.

5M

b) Write a program to create a class TIME with members hrs, min and sec. Include member functions which will accept, display TIME objects and include function which could add two objects and print the normalized output?

10M

2. a) Write the syntax and discuss the functionalities of the following methods: replace, getBytes, writeDouble, subString, flush methods.

10M

b) Justify how the statement “Write once, run anywhere any time, forever” suits Java.

5M

Unit – II

3. a) Define Inheritance. Explain with code the importance of super keyword in inheritance. 8M b) What are Streams? List and explain the InputStream and OutputStream classes.

7M

4. a) Explain how we can define variables in Interfaces? What are the limitations of defining variables and methods in interfaces?

7M

b) Explain the various methods of Reader and Writer classes.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Write a program that demonstrates handling of exceptions in inheritance tree. Create a class called “Employee” with the personal details like empid, empname, empsal, empaddr etc. Exceptions are raised when the following conditions are violated:

i. The age of the employee should be between 18 and 60 ii. Minimum salary of an employee is 5000 iii. Every employee id starts with the character ‘E’

10M

b) Discuss about the different methods- wait and notify used by threads in Java.

5M

6. a) Define exception. Demonstrate the working of nested try blocks, with suitable examples. 7M b) How do you set priorities to threads? With an example program, demonstrate how

threads set with different priorities execute?

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain the methods of AWT components such as Label and Button. 8M b) Write program to display the following output using awt components which has three

Button objects and once clicked it shows which button has been clicked.

Cont…2

7M

:: 2 ::

8. a) Illustrate the usage of BorderLayout with a component in each layout area. 7M b) Explain in detail the delegation event model of Java language.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the following with an example for each: i. Jlabel ii. JTabbedpane iii. JScrollpane

6M

b) Write a program that accepts the foreground, background and font type and font size as parameters passed to the applet and sets the format of the applet accordingly.

9M

10. a) Write a Java Swing application which uses JList component to display a list of cities and allows user to select the city from the List and display the current selection of city.

8M

b) What is a swing? Explain the components and containers in the swings. 7M





ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

(Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the working principle of successive approximation digital voltmeter with neat diagram.

7M

b) Design an Aryton shunt to provide an ammeter with a current range of 0 – 1mA, 10mA, 50mA and 100mA. A D’-arsonval movement with an internal resistance of 100 , and full scale current of 50 A is used.

8M

2. a) Define the following terms with an example: i. Resolution ii. Precision iii. Relative Error iv. Absolute Error

8M

b) What is the basic principle of DC Voltmeter of multirange, also explain how to extend the range of voltmeter and loading effect of voltmeter?

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the internal structure of CRT with neat diagram. 9M b) What is the electro static deflection principle of CRT? Explain with its sensitivity and

deflection factor.

6M

4. a) How to obtain the vertical input and sweep generator signal synchronization? Explain with neat diagrams.

8M

b) What is the minimum distance L that will allow full deflection of 4 cm at the oscilloscope screen with a deflection factor of 100V/cm and with an accelerating potential of 2000V?

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain dual trace oscilloscope with neat diagram. 8M b) What precautions must be taken when using a sampling oscilloscope?

7M

6. a) With a neat diagram explain Kelvin double bridge used for the measurement of very low resistances.

8M

b) For the given bridge as shown in the Fig.1 the value of C1=0.01µf, R1=470kΩ, R2=5.1kΩ and R3=100kΩ. Find the series equivalent of unknown impedance.

7M

Fig.1 Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. a) With the help of neat diagram explain construction and working principle of resistance thermometer.

8M

b) Write seven characteristics of thermistor.

7M

8. a) What is guage factor? Derive expression for guage factor of bounded resistance wire strain guage.

10M

b) A resistance strain guage with a guage factor of 2 is fastened to a steel member subjected to a stress of 1050 kg/cm2. The modulus of elasticity of steel is approximately 2.1 kg/cm2. Calculate the change in resistance R of the strain guage element due to the applied stress.

5M

Unit – V

9. a) Draw the block diagram of PLC circuit and explain its working principle. 8M b) List out the objective of data acquisition system.

7M

10. a) Explain measurement of torque using magneto-strictive transducer. 7M b) Explain measurement of pressure using inductive – type transducer with neat diagram. 8M





INTEGRATED CIRCUITS APPLICATIONS

(Common to Electronics and Communication Engineering & Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the working of Op-amp with a neat block diagram and explain each stage. 7M b) Explain:

i. Input Bias current ii. Input offset current Assuming that an op-amp has IB1 = 400nA and IB2 = 300nA, determine the average bias current IB and the offset current IOS.

8M

2. a) Explain the following with respect to IC741: i. Common mode rejection ratio ii. Input offset current iii. Output offset voltage iv. Slew rate

8M

b) Write briefly on the classification of integrated circuits and the package types.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Derive the output equation for the circuit shown in Fig.1 and calculate the output voltage for the given R1 = R4 = 2kΩ, R2 = R3=3kΩ, R5 = 1kΩ and R6 = 1kΩ.

Fig.1

8M

b) Derive the expression for value of gain and output frequency of a RC phase shift oscillator with a suitable circuit using op-amp.

7M

4. a) Design a free running multivibrator for a frequency of 1KHz and duty cycle = 0.3. With suitable circuit and waveforms explain the working of the circuit.

8M

b) Explain the working of an integrator and its frequency response. How the stability of the circuit and its frequency response can be improved.

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – III

5. a) Design a narrow band pass filter having centre frequency fc = 2KHz, Q = 15 and AF = 100. If

the centre frequency is changed to 2.5KHz, design the filter keeping AF and BW constant? 7M

b) Design an astable multivibrator using 555 timer to generate a symmetrical square wave of frequency 4KHz.

8M

6. a) Define the following terms with respect to PLL: i. Free running Frequency ii. Lock range iii. Capture range iv. List any two applications of PLL

8M

b) Design an active unity gain notch filter for a frequency of 50Hz.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain the following terms with respect to data converters: i. Resolution ii. Monotonicity iii. Differential non-linearity error iv. Gain error

8M

b) The output voltage of a positive voltage regulator using 723 IC is 18V. Determine suitable resistance values for R1 and R2. The load current is 100mA. Sketch the circuit with all component values.

7M

8. a) List the advantages of switching regulator. Explain the basic principle of switching voltage regulator.

7M

b) With a neat sketch explain the working of a dual slope ADC.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Implement the following function using 74138 IC: i. F(a, b, c) = (2, 6, 7) ii. f(x, y, z) = (1, 2, 4, 6)

7M

b) Implement the following function using 8 to 1 MUX. Treat a, b and c as the select lines. F(a, b, c, d) = (0, 1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 15).

8M

10. a) Explain the CMOS inverter circuit. 7M b) Briefly describe the purpose of the following IC’s:

i. 7485 IC ii. 7493 IC

8M





DIGITAL DESIGN THROUGH VERILOG HDL (Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) With an appropriate example, explain the structure of a typical simulation module. 7M b) List out the different strengths used in Verilog HDL and also analyze the element modeled

for each strength.

8M

2. a) Explain with an example the need for test benches in Verilog HDL. 7M b) What are the different system tasks used in Verilog HDL? Analyze their operation with

appropriate syntax.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Consider a typical AOI gate and prepare a Verilog design and testbench module to test its operation.

8M

b) Illustrate with an appropriate design the functioning of a ‘tri’ type of net.

7M

4. a) Design a Verilog module of a RS flip-flop with NOR gates and verify its operation with an appropriate test bench.

8M

b) Explain the different types of delays associated with primitive gates.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Write a Verilog code for 4x1 multiplexer using: i. Case statement ii. If-elseif statement

7M

b) Design a Verilog HDL module that can generate a pulse of definite width using the ‘while’ construct. Implement its test bench and also sketch its simulation output.

8M

6. a) Write a Verilog code for 3-bit binary counter using case statement. 8M b) Compare blocking and non-blocking statements with suitable examples.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain different types of operators with examples. 8M b) Design a synthesizable BCD adder circuit in Verilog HDL and Verify its operation with

appropriate test bench.

7M

8. a) Write a Verilog code for 2-to-1 mux using: i. Logic equation ii. Conditional operator

8M

b) Design a switch level Verilog description of a 3-input CMOS NAND gate with its circuit diagram.

7M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – V

9. a) Design a Verilog HDL task to count the number of one’s in a nibble with appropriate test bench and simulated results.

8M

b) Briefly explain combinational and sequential UDPs in Verilog also write Verilog module for D-latch using UDP.

7M

10. a) Design a Verilog HDL module for parity generation through an appropriate function definition.

10M

b) Write an UDP for an edge triggered D flip-flop. 5M





ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS

(Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Derive the mathematical expression to find out total power, side band power and transmission efficiency of a single tone amplitude modulation.

8M

b) With a neat diagram, explain the detection of AM signal using envelope detector.

7M

2. a) With relevant block diagram explain how to demodulate a DSB-SC signal using Coasta's receiver.

7M

b) Design a DSB-SC modulator to generate a modulated signal km (t) coswct with the carrier frequency fc= 300kHz. The following equipment’s are available in the stock room: a signal generator of frequency 100kHz, a ring modulator, a band pass filter tuned to 300kHz. i. Show how to generate the desired signal ii. If the output of the modulator is km(t) coswct find k

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain synchronous detection of VSB wave and write your observations from resulting spectrum and required expressions.

8M

b) Given a modulator with carrier ACos (2π f1t) where f1=100KHz. Input is voice signal applied to modulator occupying frequency band of 300Hz to3.4kHz. specify sidebands of SSB modulated wave appearing at the output of BPF assuming it passes only USB. What would be passband of BPF.

7M

4. a) Why is SSB not used for broadcasting? Explain coherent demodulation of SSB waves. 8M b) The SSB transmission contains 10KW. This is to be replaced by standard AM signal with

same power content. Determine power content of carrier and each side bands with m=0.8.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) For FM, write mathematical expression for frequency deviation, modulation index, ideal BW and practical BW, % modulation.

10M

b) In a FM system, if maximum deviation is 75Khz, and maximum modulating frequency is 10KHz, calculate modulation index and BW using Corsons rule.

5M

6. a) Explain ratio detector method of FM detection and mention two of its advantages 9M b) In a FM system, audio frequency is 1kHz and audio voltage is 2V. The deviation is 4kHz.

If Audio voltage is now increased to 8V and its frequency dropped to 500Hz, find modulation index in each case and corresponding BW.

6M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. a) Evaluate the figure of merit of AM receiver operating on single-tone AM. 8M b) The average noise power per unit bandwidth measured at the front end of an AM receiver

is 10-3 watt per hertz. The modulating wave is sinusoidal with a carrier power of 80KW. and a side band power of 10KW per side band. The message bandwidth is 4KHz. Assuming the use of an envelope detector at the receiver; compute the output signal to noise ratio of the system. By how many decibels this system is inferior to a DSBSC system?

7M

8. a) With suitable diagram discuss the generation and detection of a PPM signal. 7M b) Explain the model of SSB SC receiver using coherent detection and derive the expression

for figure of merit.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) What are the advantages of employing RF amplifier, Mixers and IF amplifiers in AM receivers?

9M

b) Distinguish between AGC and delayed AGC.

6M

10. a) List the drawback of TRF receivers and advantage achieved with super heterodyne receivers.

9M

b) In superheterodyne receiver with no RF amplifier, loaded Q of antenna is 90. Assume IF frequency to be 455KHz, calculate image frequency and image rejection ratio at: i. 950 kHz ii. 10Mhz

6M





ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION (Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the concept of retarded potentials. Write the expressions for Scalar electric potential ‘V’ and Vector magnetic potential ‘A’ in terms of their sources and the radiation fields from retarded potentials.

8M

b) A uniform plane wave is incident upon a very short lossless dipole (l<<λ). Find the maximum effective area assuming that the radiation resistance of the dipole is Rr= 80(πl/λ)2, and the incident field is linearly polarized along the axis of the dipole.

7M

2. a) Explain what is meant by radiation pattern. List the parameters that can be derived from radiation pattern.

7M

b) A 1.5λ dipole radiates an average power of 200W in free space at 500MHz. Find the magnitude of Electric field and Magnetic field at a distance r=100m and Ө=90o.

8M

Unit – II

3.

a) Show that the radiation resistance of a small loop is 4

2 C20

where C is Circumference

of loop.

8M

b) Derive the array factor expression of N isotropic point sources placed at equal distance and excited with uniform amplitude and phase. Give any 4 characteristics of array factor

7M

4. a) Three isotropic sources, with spacing d between them, are placed along the z-axis. The excitation coefficient of each outside element is unity while that of the centre element is 2. For a spacing of d = λ/4 between the elements. Determine: i. The array factor of the antenna ii. Angles (in degrees) where the nulls will occur iii. The angles (in degrees) where all the maxima will occur

7M

b) A linear, Broad side, uniform array of ‘푁’ isotropic elements with a separation distance of 푑 between the elements is placed along Z-axis. Derive an expression for directivity of the array.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Describe the construction and working of symmetrical V-antenna with neat figures. 8M b) Describe Helical Antenna and explain its two modes of operation with neat diagrams.

7M

6. a) Explain in detail the advantages and disadvantages of Rhombic antenna 6M b) Design a 10-turn helix to operate in the axial mode. For an optimum design. Determine

the: i. Circumference (in terms of λo), pitch angle (in degrees), and separation between

turns (in terms of λo) ii. Relative (to free space) wave velocity along the wire of the helix iii. Directivity (in dB)

9M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – IV

7. a) Write short note on Parabolic Reflector antenna. 8M b) With relevant diagram and radiation pattern, explain Yagi Uda Antenna.

7M

8. a) Explain in detail a measurement technique for measuring the Gain of a antenna. 8M b) Design a rectangular Microstrip patch antenna for the following specifications. Resonant

frequency= 10GHz. RT Duroid substrate is used for fabrication with 휀 =2.2, h=1.57mm.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) With neat figure explain what is meant by skip distance. Derive the expression for skip distance in terms of critical frequency (fc) and maximum usable frequency (fmuf).

7M

b) An antenna located at the surface of the ear this used to receive the signals which is transmitted by another antenna located at a height of 80m from the spherical surface (mean radius=6370Km) of the earth? Calculate the optical and radio horizons if (dN/dh)= -39/Km?

8M

10. a) Write note on Ionospheric abnormalities. 12M b) A 10Ghz microwave link is to be established. The St. line distance between the two

antennas is 60Km and height of Tx-Antenna is 60m. Find minimum height of Rx-Antenna, assuming mean radius of earth to be 6370Km and neglecting the effect of atmosphere.

3M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) SIGNAL ANALYSIS AND TRANSFORM TECHNIQUES

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Date: 19 November, 2015 FN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


Unit – I

1. a) Analyze and sketch the following the signal operation shown in Fig.1: i. 2x t

ii. 2x t

iii. d x tdt

iv. x t sgn t

Fig.1 Fig.1

8M

b) Find the Fourier series of the signal x(t) shown in Fig.2.

Fig.2

7M

2. a) Sketch the following signal: i. 3 1 2 3t u t u t u t u tx

ii. 2 1 2 3 4 t r t r t r t r tx

8M

b) Evaluate the DTFS representation for the signal: 4 1021 21( ) sin( ) cos( ) 1x n n n

Sketch the magnitude and phase spectrum.

7M

Cont…2

-2 -1

1 2 3 4

-1

x(t)

-t t

1

X(t)

0 T 2T 3T t

A

::2::

Unit – II

3.

a) Show that 11 ju n

e

7M

b) Find the Fourier transforms of the following signals: i. x t u t

ii. , 0atx t e u t a

8M

4. a) Find the Fourier transforms of the following signals: i. sin ox t t u t

ii. cos ; 0atox t e t u t a

8M

b) Evaluate circular convolution of 4x n u n u n and 3h n u n u n , assuming N=4.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) The impulse response of a discrete LTI system is given by h[n]=βnu[n]. Determine the response to an input 10nx n u n u n . Assume α and β to be less than 1.

10M

b) A discrete time system has impulse response ,2 0 1nh n a u n a . Determine whether the system is BIBO stable, causal and memory less.

5M

6. a) Two LTI systems with impulse responses given by h1(t) and h2(t) are connected in cascade. h1(t)=e-2t u(t) and h2(t)=2e-t u(t): i. Find the impulse response h(t) of the overall system ii. Determine if the overall system is BIBO stable

9M

b) State and prove time shifting property of convolution sum.

6M

Unit – IV 7. a) Find the laplace transform and the associated ROC for following functions.

i. att e u tx

ii. 2 3 t tt e u t e u tx

8M

b) Find the inverse Laplace transform of

2

2

1( ) log sX ss

7M

8. a) Use geometric evaluation from the pole-zero plot to determine the magnitude of the Fourier transform of the signal whose Laplace transform is:

)(Re;)1(

1)( 21

2

2

ssssssX

8M

b) Find the signal x(t) corresponding to the Laplace transform )52)(23(

27223)( 22

2

ssss

sssX

7M

Unit – V 9. a) Explain the concept of sampling. Explain how a continuous-time signal can be sampled

by impulse train sampling. State sampling theorem and Nyquist rate. 10M

b) Find the z-transform of 1nx n na u n .

5M

10. a) A signal tttx 640cos6400cos2)( is ideally sampled with a sampling frequency fs=500Hz. If the sampled signal is passed through an ideal LPF with a cut-off frequency of 400Hz.What frequency components will appear at output.

6M

b) Determine x[n] if

1 2

1 1 1

11 0.5 1 2 1

z zX Zz z z

for the following ROCs:

i. |z|<1/2 ii. |z|>2

9M





POWER SYSTEM TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Derive an expression for inductance of a three phase line with symmetrical spacing. 7M b) In a 3-phase, 50Hz, 66KV overhead transmission system, the conductors are placed in a

horizontal plane at equal distances of 2m. The conductor diameter is 1.25cm. If line length is 100km, Calculate: i. Capacitance/phase ii. Charging current/phase, assuming complete transposition of the line

8M

2. a) Derive an expression for capacitance of a single phase two wire transmission line. 7M b) Calculate the loop inductance per km of a single phase transmission line consisting of

two parallel conductors 1.5m apart and 1.5cm in diameter. Calculate also the reactance of the transmission line if operating at 50Hz.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Derive an expression for voltage regulation and transmission efficiency of a short transmission line.

8M

b) An overhead 3-phase transmission line delivers 5MW at 22KV 0.8 power factor lagging. The resistance and reactance of each conductor is 4Ω and 6Ω respectively. Determine: i. Sending-end voltage ii. Percentage Regulation iii. Total line losses iv. Transmission efficiency

7M

4. a) Derive an expression for the generalized ABCD constants of a long transmission line by rigorous method of analysis.

8M

b) Find the following for a single circuit transmission line delivering a load of 50A at 110KV and p.f 0.8 lagging: i. Sending end voltage ii. Sending end current iii. Sending end power iv. Efficiency of transmission. Given A=D=0.98∠30, B=110∠700 Ω, c=0.0005∠800

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – III

5. a) Derive the expression for sag in a freely suspended conductor, when supports are at unequal levels and also determine horizontal distance from lowest conductor point to the lower and taller support.

7M

b) Calculate the disruptive critical voltage for a 3 phase line. The conductors having diameter of 1.524cm and spacing 365.67cm: i. At the sea level at NTP ii. 2000m above the sea level

8M

6. a) List the factors affecting the corona loss. 7M b) A 132 kV transmission line has the following data:

i. Weight of the conductor=0.85 kg/m ii. Ultimate strength=7950kg, span=275m, factor of safety=2

Calculate the height above the ground level at which conductor should be supported? Ground clearance required is 10m.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Describe briefly, with neat sketches, two types of insulators that are commonly used in overhead transmission line. Discuss their merits and limitations.

10M

b) Find the most economical value of the diameter of a single core cable to be used on a 132Kv, 3-phase system. Find the also the overall diameter of the insulation if the peak permissible stress is not to exceed 60Kv/cm.

5M

8. a) Define string efficiency. What are the different methods of improving string efficiency? Explain any one.

8M

b) A single core cable is used on a 66Kv, 3 phase system. The core diameter is 1cm while the insulation thickness is 1.5cm. If PVC of relative permittivity 4.8 is used as dielectric, calculate the capacitance of cable and its charging current. The supply frequency is 50Hz. Assume cable length to be 1.5Km.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) What are the different distribution systems? Explain them in detail. 7M b) A single phase distributor AB is 500m long and is fed at A and is loaded as follows:

i. 100A at 0.8 PF lagging 200m from A ii. 150A at 0.707 P.F lagging at 500m from A The total resistance and reactance of the distribution are 0.2Ω and 0.1Ω per km respectively. If the receiving end voltage is 400V, find the sending end voltage.

8M

10. a) Explain how a D.C distributor with concentrated loads fed at both ends with equal voltages and with different voltages are analyzed.

8M

b) Find the cross-sectional area of the distributor shown in Fig.1 the distances are given in metres. Take ρ = 1.78x10-8 Ω-m. The maximum voltage drop is not to exceed 10V. The conductor is fed from print A.

Fig.1

7M





AC MACHINES - II

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Bring out the differences between concentrated windings and distributed windings. Obtain the expression for pitch factor and distribution factor of a three phase synchronous generator.

7M

b) Calculate the RMS value of the induced EMF per phase of a 10 pole, 3 phase, 50 Hz alternator with two slots per pole per phase and four conductors per slot. The coil span is 150O electrical. The flux per pole is 0.12 Webber.

8M

2. a) What are the sources of induced EMF? Explain, how proper designing of the winding can suppress or eliminate Harmonics in the output voltage.

7M

b) An alternator has an armature resistance of 0.3 Ohm, synchronous reactance of 1.22 Ohm. The alternator supplies 100 A current to a feeder of resistance 1.5 Ohm and reactance 2.0 Ohm. The voltage at the load end of the feeder is 3000V per phase. The load power factor is 0.8 lagging. Find the terminal voltage of the alternator per phase and the induced EMF per phase. [Note: All values of resistance and reactance are per phase].

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the experimental steps followed in determining zero power factor characteristics of an alternator. Show how you find leakage reactance and armature reaction MMF.

9M

b) Draw the phasor diagram of a salient pole alternator supplying a lagging current. Hence obtain an expression for tan (δ) where δ is power angle. Take terminal voltage as reference vector.

6M

4. a) Explain with reasons, two reactance concept is appropriate for salient pole alternators. 5M b) A 6.6 kV, three phase, 50 Hz, star connected alternator gave the following data on open

circuit and full load zero power factor tests:

Field current (If) A 1.5 3.3 5.0 7.5 10.0 14.0 OC voltage kV 1.4 3.1 4.9 6.6 7.5 8.24 Zpf terminal volatgae kV - 0 1.85 4.24 5.78 7.0

Armature resistance per phase is 0.2 Ohm. Estimate voltage regulation at full load of 500A at 0.8 pf lag by zpf method.

10M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – III

5. a) What are the advantages of connecting the alternators in parallel? What conditions are

required to be fulfilled for successful parallel operation of alternators? 8M

b) A 3000KVA, 6 pole alternator runs at 1000rpm, in parallel with other machines on 3300V bus bars. The synchronous reactance is 25%. Calculate the synchronizing power for one mechanical degree of displacement and the corresponding synchronizing torque.

7M

6. a) Explain with circuit diagram any one method of synchronization of alternator. 6M b) Two identical, 3 phase alternators work in parallel and supply a total load of 1500 KW at

11KV at a power factor of 0.867 lagging. Each machine supplies half the total power. The synchronous reactance of each is 50 Ω per phase and the resistance is 4 Ω per phase. The field excitation of the first machine is so adjusted that its armature current is 50 A lagging. Determine the armature current of the second alternator and the generated voltage of the first machine.

9M

Unit – IV

7. a) Draw the phasor diagram of synchronous motor for lagging, leading and unit power factor. Name all the phasors.

7M

b) A 2.3 KV, 3 phase, star connected synchronous motor has Zs = (0.2+j2.2) ohms per phase. The motor is operating at 0.5 power factor leading with a line current 0f 200A. Determine the generated emf per phase.

8M

8. a) Explain procedure for starting a synchronous motor? What could be the reasons, if a synchronous motor fails to start?

8M

b) Briefly describe the phenomenon of ‘hunting’ in a synchronous machine. How is it remedied?

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Using double revolving field theory explain the torque-slip characteristics of a single phase induction motor and prove that it cannot produce any starting torque.

10M

b) Draw connection diagram of a capacitor induction motor showing starting and main winding.

5M

10. a) Describe the constructional features and operating characteristics of a shaded pole motor. Give its uses.

8M

b) Explain the construction and principle of working of a universal motor and mention its applications.

7M





SOFT COMPUTING (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the terminology of artificial neural network. 6M b) Explain pattern association and pattern classification problems.

9M

2. a) With neat diagram explain issues in the development of activation dynamics models. 9M b) With neat diagram explain Mcculloch pitts model.

6M

Unit – II

3. a) Discuss the issues in backpropogation learning. 9M b) With an example, explain the applications of feed forward neural networks.

6M

4. a) Discuss determination of weights by learning using hebb’s law. 8M b) Explain back propogation algorithm.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Discuss in detail components of a competitive learning networks. 8M b) What are the steps involved in SOFM algorithm.

7M

6. a) Explain the following: i. Capacity of Hopfield model ii. Energy analysis of Hopfield network

10M

b) Explain the analysis of feature mapping network.

5M

Unit – IV

7. a) What is membership function? Explain Intuition and Inference method to develop membership functions.

6M

b) Two discrete fuzzy sets are A=1/2+0.5/3+0.3/4+0.2/5 and B= 0.5/2+0.7 /3+0.2/4+0.4/5 find complement, union, intersection, difference and demorgan’s principle.

9M

8. a) For the given fuzzy set Ã =1/2+0.5/3+0.3/4+0.2/5, B=0.5/2+0.7/3+0.2/4+0.4/5. Calculate complement, union, intersection and difference.

6M

b) What is meant by defuzzification? Explain the methods used in defuzzification.

9M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the fuzzy relational data models. 8M b) Discuss operations in fuzzy relational data models.

7M

10. a) Explain fuzzy logic in data base system. 5M b) Write a note on genetic algorithm and evolutionary algorithms. 10M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

(Mechanical Engineering) Date: 17 November, 2015 FN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


Unit – I

1. a) “Managerial economics bridges the gap between economic theory and business practice”. Discuss. Give Examples to support your logic.

6M

b) What is demand? What are the determinants of demand?

9M

2. a) What is price elasticity of demand? Discuss the methods of measuring price elasticity of demand. Highlight the significance of the price elasticity of demand in the business context.

9M

b) How do you forecast demand with the help of “economic barometers”? Give an example.

6M

Unit – II

3. a) Define production function. Explain the nature and managerial uses of production functions.

6M

b) Explain in detail “Law of variable proportions” with a neat figure.

9M

4. a) While marginal cost is essentially incremental cost, incremental cost is not so. How? Even though marginal cost is constant, the average cost curve slopes down. Why? Illustrate your answer.

8M

b) Explain the process of statistical estimation of cost functions. Why is the statistical estimation of cost functions more popular than engineering estimation of costs? Mention any one limitation of statistical estimation of costs.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Highlight the features of perfect competition. 5M b) Explain price and output determination is monopolistic competition.

10M

6. a) List out the limitations of Break-even analysis. 5M b) Write a note different pricing strategies followed by companies. 10M

Unit – IV

7. a) Classify different forms of business organization. 5M b) Write a note on the types, formation and characteristics of a joint stock company.

10M

8. a) Explain methods of raising long term finances. 8M b) Explain factors affecting working capital requirement.

7M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – V

9. Prepare a trading and profit loss account and a balance sheet after taking into account the following adjustments: i. Stock in hand on 31st march 20X6 was valued at Rs. 1,800 ii. Depreciate machinery by Rs. 25 iii. Rs.35 was due and unpaid in respect of salaries iv. Rate and insurance had been paid in advance to an extent of Rs. 40

Particulars Dr. (Rs) Cr. (Rs) Rates, taxes & insurance 190 -- Discount received -- 445 Purchases 8,990 -- Sales -- 11,030 Cash at bank 885 -- Machinery 225 -- Capital -- 7,670 Cash in hand 30 -- Land and building 1,500 -- Printing 225 -- Discount allowed 200 -- Salaries 1,075 -- Creditors -- 1,890 Debtors 5,700 -- Water and electricity 65 -- Bills receivable 825 -- Bills payable -- 1,875 Stock at 1 April 20X5 3,000 -- Total 22,910 22,910

15M

10. Assume that the firm has owner’s equity of Rs. 1, 00,000. The ratios for the firm are:

Current debt to total debt 0.4 Total debt to owner’s equity 0.6 Fixed assets to owner’s equity 0.6 Total assets turnover 2 times Inventory turnover 8 times

Complete the following balance sheet, given the following information above:

Liabilities Rs. Assets Rs. Current debt ___________ Cash ___________ Long term debt ___________ Inventory ___________ Total debt ___________ Total current assets ___________ Owner’s equity ___________ Fixed assets ___________ Total capital ___________ Total assets ___________

15M





DYNAMICS OF MACHINERY

(Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) A disc of 4kg mass and radius of gyration 60mm is mounted centrally on a horizontal shaft of 80mm length between the bearings. It spins in counter clockwise direction when viewed from the right hand side bearing? The axis presses about a vertical axis at 50RPM in clockwise direction when viewed from above. Determine the magnitude of gyroscopic couple.

5M

b) Each wheel of a motorcycle is 600mm diameter and has a moment of inertia of 1.2kg-m2. The total mass of the motorcycle and the rider is 180kg and the combined centre of mass is 580mm above the ground level when the motor cycle is upright? The moment of inertia of the rotating parts of the engine is 0.2kg-m2. The engine speed is 5 times the speed of wheels and is in same sense. Determine the angle of Heel necessary when the motorcycle takes a turn of 35m radius at a speed of 54KMPM?

10M

2. a) Based on the conditions of surfaces, distinguish different kinds of friction. 7M b) A load of 15kg is raised by means of a screw jack. The mean diameter of the square

threaded screw is 42mm and the pitch is 10mm. A force of 120N is applied at the end of a lever to raise the load. Determine the length of the lever to be used and the mechanical advantage obtained. Is the screw self locking? Take coefficient of friction 0.12?

8M

Unit – II

3. a) With a neat sketch, explain the working of a cone clutch. 7M b) A single plate friction clutch with both sides effective has 0.3m outer diameter and 0.16m

inside diameter. The coefficient of friction is 0.2 and it runs at 1000rpm. Find the power transmitted assuming: i. Uniform wear condition ii. Uniform pressure condition

8M

4. a) What is a dynamometer? Give the classification of dynamometers with examples. 5M b) A simple band brake of drum diameter 600mm has a band passing over it with an angle of

contact of 2250, while one end is connected to the fulcrum, the other end is connected to the brake lever at a distance of 400mm from the fulcrum. The brake lever is 1m long. The brake is to absorb a power of 15KW at 720rpm. Design the brake lever of rectangular cross section, assuming depth to be thrice the width. Take allowable stress to be 80Mpa and coefficient of friction as 0.3.

10M

Unit – III

5. The turning moment diagram for a multi-cylinder engine has been drawn to a vertical scale of 1mm=650N-m and a horizontal scale of 1mm=4.50. The areas above and below the mean torque line are -28, +380, -260, +310, -300, +242, -300, +265 and -229mm2. The fluctuation of speed is limited to ± 1.8% of the mean speed which is 400 RPM. Density of the rim material is 7000kg/m3 and width of the rim is 4.5 times its thickness. The hoop stress in the rim material is limited to 6N/mm2. Neglecting the effect of the boss and arms, determine the diameter and cross-section of the flywheel rim.

Cont…2

15M

:: 2 ::

6. a) Explain the following terms with respect to a governor:

i. Sensitiveness ii. Stability iii. Effort and power

7M

b) A Hartnell governor having a central sleeve spring and two right-angled bells crank levers moves between 290rpm and 310rpm for a sleeve lift of 15mm. The sleeve arms and the ball arms are 80mm and 120mm respectively. The levers are pivoted at 120mm from the governor axis and mass of each ball is 2.5kg. The ball arms are parallel to the governor axis at the lowest equilibrium speed. Determine: i. Loads on the spring at the lowest and the highest equilibrium speeds ii. Stiffness of the spring

8M

Unit – IV

7. A 3.6m long shaft carries three pulleys, two at its ends and the third at the midpoint of the shaft. The left and right end pulleys have masses 79kg and 40kg, with C.G. being offset by 3mm and 5mm respectively from the centre of the shaft. The middle pulley is of 50kg mass and its C.G. is offset by 8mm. The pulleys are arranged in a way to get static balance when the shaft rotates at 300rpm in two bearings, 2.4m apart, with equal overhangs on either side? determine: i. Relative angular position of pulleys ii. Dynamic force on two bearings

15M

8. a) With the help of neat sketches, briefly explain static balancing and dynamic balancing. 10M b) Derive an equation for primary unbalanced force in a reciprocating engine mechanism.

5M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the terms: i. Free vibrations ii. Forced vibrations iii. Damped vibrations iv. Resonance as applied to mechanical vibrations

8M

b) A cantilever shaft 50mm diameter and 300mm long has a disc of mass 100kg at its free end. The Young's modulus for the shaft material is 200GN/m2. Determine the frequency of longitudinal and transverse vibrations of the shaft.

7M

10. a) What is a ‘Torsionally equivalent’ shaft? Obtain an expression for the same. 7M b) A rotor of mass 12kg is mounted midway on a 24mm diameter horizontal shaft supported

at the ends by two bearings 1m apart. The shaft rotates at 2400rpm. If the eccentricity of the rotor is 0.11mm, find the amplitude of steady state vibration and the dynamic force transmitted to the bearings?

8M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) MACHINE TOOLS



Unit – I

1. a) Define machinability. List the factors which influence the machinability. 5M b) If in turning process of a steel rod by a given cutting tool (material and geometry) at a

given machining condition (feed and depth of cut) under a given environment (cutting fluid application) the tool life decreases from 80min to 20min, due to increase in cutting velocity, VC from 60m/min to 120m/min. Then at what cutting velocity will the life of that tool under the same condition and environment will be 40min?

10M

2. a) ABC automotive company uses metal cutting operations in their plant. If they approach you to study mechanisms of cutting tool wear during metal cutting operation, explain your solution.

10M

b) Explain with a neat sketch how chip formation occurs in orthogonal cutting.

5M

Unit – II

3. a) What is the importance of machining in the modern industry? 5M b) Explain with a neat sketch the working principle of a lathe.

10M

4. a) What are the attachments used on a center lathe and what purpose do they serve? 7M b) Draw a typical capstan and turret lathe tooling layout for production of hexagonal bolt

and explain the steps of production.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Describe the main parts of a shaper with neat sketch. 10M b) Explain with a neat sketch the crank and slotted link mechanism of shaper.

5M

6. a) State the various types of milling cutters and explain any three of them. 9M b) Explain the following milling methods with neat sketch:

i. Up or conventional milling ii. Down or Climb milling

6M

Unit – IV

7. a) Sketch and explain deep hole drilling machine. 7M b) Explain working of bench drilling machine with a neat sketch and state its application.

8M

8. a) During turning operation, tool is worn out because of friction between chip tool interfaces. Due to this tool angles are changed. Using what type of grinding machine tool angles can be restored. Sketch and explain the steps.

7M

b) Explain types of bonds used in grinding wheels.

Cont…2

8M

::2::

Unit – V 9. a) State and explain various factors to be considered for the selection of clamping device to

achieve the purpose of clamping. 9M

b) Compare the grinding with lapping and broaching processes.

6M

10. a) What is lapping? Explain the principle of operation of lapping process. 7M b) What are the important considerations in jigs and fixtures? 8M





THERMAL ENGINEERING-II (Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Write the advantages of superheated steam. 3M b) A steam power plant operates on ideal Rankine cycle using re-heater and regenerative

feed water heaters. It has one open feed water heater. Steam is supplied at 150bar and 600°C.The condenser pressure is 0.1bar. Some steam is extracted from the turbine at 40bar for closed feed water heater and remaining steam is reheated at 40bar to 600°C. Extracted steam is completely condensed in this closed feed water heater and is pumped to 150bar. Steam for the open feed water heater is bled from L.P. turbine at 5bar. Determine: i. Fraction of steam extracted from the turbines at each bled heater ii. Thermal efficiency of the system Draw the line diagram of the components and represent the cycle on T-s diagram.

12M

2. a) Explain with a neat sketch the working of an ORSAT apparatus. 7M b) Orsat analysis of the products of combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel of unknown

composition is as follows: Carbon dioxide (CO2)=8% Carbon monoxide (CO)=0.5% Oxygen (O2)=6.3% Nitrogen (N2)=85.2%. Determine the following: i. Air-fuel ratio ii. Percent theoretical air required for combustion

8M

Unit – II

3. a) With neat sketch explain economizer in a boiler. 8M b) In the steam generator there is a tubular type air pre-heater following the economizer,

where the flue gases flow through the tubes and are cooled to 1600C and air entering at 350C flows outside the tubes at the rate of 1167kg/s. the inlet velocity of flue gases is 13m/s and the tubes are of 60/65mm. if the overall heat transfer coefficient is 30W/m2K. Find the length and the number of tubes. Assume that the flue gases behave as an ideal gas having Cp=1.10 kJ/kgK and R=0.287kJ/kgK.

7M

4. a) Define the term steam nozzle? Explain various types of nozzles. 7M b) Dry saturated steam enters a steam nozzle at a pressure of 15bar and is discharged at a

pressure of 2bar, if the dryness fraction of discharge steam is 0.96. What will be the final velocity of steam? Neglect the initial velocity of steam. If 10% of heat drop is lost in friction find the percentage reduction in the final velocity.

8M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – III 5. a) What are the objectives of condenser in steam power plant and write the types of

condenser. 6M

b) In a surface condenser a section of the tubes near to the air pump suction is screened off. So that the air is cooled to a temperature below that of the condenser separate extract pumps being used to deal with air and condensate respectively. 5448kg of steam are condensed per hour and the air leakage is 4.54 kg/h. The temperature of the exhaust steam is 3120C. The temperature of the condensate is 270C. Assuming a constant vacuum throughout the condenser, Find: i. Mass of steam condensed per hour in the air coolers ii. The volume of air in m3/h to be dealt with the air pump iii. The percentage reduction in necessary air pump capacity following the cooling of

the air

9M

6. a) Define Blade efficiency and stage efficiency with respect to steam turbine. 5M b) In a De-Laval turbine steam issues from the nozzle with a velocity of 1200m/s. The nozzle

angle is 200, the mean blade velocity is 400m/s, and the inlet and outlet angles of blades are equal. The mass of steam flowing through the turbine per hour is 1000kg. Calculate: i. Blade angles ii. Relative velocity of steam entering the blades iii. Tangential force on the blades iv. Power developed v. Blade efficiency vi. Take the blade velocity coefficient as 0.8

10M

Unit – IV

7. a) Write the general Velocity triangle for a reaction turbine. 5M b) The following data refers to a particular type of parson’s reaction turbine.

Speed of a turbine=1500rpm. Blade outlet angle=200. Mean diameter of a Rotor=1m. Speed ratio=0.7. Stage efficiency=80%. Determine the available isentropic drop in the stage.

10M

8.

a) Derive the expression

3

1 2 1pTrT

for maximum Wnet in gas turbine.

6M

b) The air enters the compressor of an open cycle constant pressure gas turbine at a pressure of 1bar and temps of 200C. The pressure of the air after compression is 4bar. The isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine are 80% and 85% respectively. The air fuel ratio used is 90:1. If the flow rate of air is 3.0kg/s. Find: i. Power developed ii. Thermal efficiency of the cycle

9M

Unit – V

9. a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of a turbojet engines. 7M b) The following data refers to a turbojet flying at an altitude of 9500m: Speed of the

turbo-jet=800km/h, Propulsive efficiency=55%, overall efficiency of the turbine plant=17%. Density of air at 9500m altitude=0.17kg/m3. Drag on the plane=6100N, Assuming the calorific value of the fuels used as 46000 KJ/kg. Calculate: i. Absolute velocity of the jet ii. Volume of air compressed per minute iii. Diameter of the jet iv. Power output of the unit v. Air fuel ratio

8M

10. a) Explain the working principle of: i. Ram Jet engine ii. Pulse jet engine

10M

b) Write the advantages and drawbacks of liquid propellant. 5M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) DESIGN OF MACHINE MEMBERS-I



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the basic procedure of Machine Design. 7M b) Describe the various mechanical properties of engineering materials.

8M

2. a) Explain the following theories of failure: i. Maximum normal stress theory ii. Maximum shear stress theory iii. Distortion energy theory

9M

b) A machine weighing 100kN is placed over 4 leveling screws. The allowable stress for the screw material may be taken as 120N/mm2. Find the suitable core diameter of the screw required.

6M

Unit – II

3. a) In the presence of stress concentration dimensions of the components needs to be higher or the material is to be selected with higher strength. Justify your answer.

5M

b) Determine the maximum load for the simply supported beam, cyclically loaded as shown in Fig. 1. The ultimate strength is 700MPa, the yield strength 520MPa and the endurance limit in reversed bending is 320MPa. Use a factor of safety of 1.25. The load, size, and surface correction factors are 1, 0.75 and 0.9 respectively.

Fig. 1

10M

4. a) Sketch Soderberg and Goodman diagram for fluctuating stresses. Hence derive the Goodman relation for fluctuating stresses.

5M

b) A piston rod is subjected to a maximum reversed axial load of 110kN. The ultimate strength of the materials of the rod is 900N/mm2. The endurance limit can be taken as 50% of the ultimate strength. Take size, surface and load correction factors as 0.85, 0.78 and 0.7 respectively. Taking a factor of safety of 1.75 determine the diameter of the rod.

10M

200mm F to 3F200mm

Diameter=50mm

Cont…2

:: 2::

Unit – III

5. a) Define the following with respect to riveted joints: i. Pitch ii. Margin iii. Efficiency

6M

b) The following data refers to a triple riveted double cover butt joint with unequal cover plates. Thickness of plates : 15mm Thickness of cover plates : 12mm Diameter of rivet : 24 mm Pitch of outer row : 300 mm Pitch of inner row : Half the pitch of outer rows Allowable tensile stress : 90 MPa Allowable shear stress : 60 MPa Investigate the joint failure and its efficiency.

9M

6. a) What do you mean by bolts of uniform strength? 5M b) The cylinder head of a steam engine is subjected to a steam pressure of 0.7N/mm2. It is

held in position by means of 12 bolts. A soft copper gasket is used to make the joint leak proof. The effective diameter of the cylinder is 300mm. Find the size of the bolt so that the stress in the bolt is not to exceed 100 N/mm2.

10M

Unit – IV

7. a) What is function of a key? Derive for stresses in Keys. 5M b) Design a socket and spigot type of cotter joint to sustain an axial load of 100 kN. The

material for the joint has an allowable tensile strength of 100 N/mm2, allowable compressive strength of 150 N/mm2 and allowable shear strength of 60 N/mm2. Also draw the sketch of the joint.

10M

8. a) Differentiate between design of shaft for strength and design for rigidity. 3M b) A shaft is supported by two bearings placed 1100mm apart. A pulley of diameter 620

mm is keyed at 400mm to the right from the left hand bearing and this drives a pulley directly below it with a maximum tension of 2.75kN. Another pulley of diameter 400 mm is placed 200mm to the left of right hand bearing and is driven with a motor placed horizontally to the right. The angle of contact of the pulley is 180o and friction coefficient is 0.3. Find the diameter of the shaft taking allowable shear strength as 40.5MPa and shock factors in bending and torsion as 3 and 2.5 in bending and torsion respectively.

12M

Unit – V

9. a) List types of rigid and flexible couplings. Draw a neat diagram of sleeve coupling. 5M b) Design a protected type of cast iron flange coupling for a steel shaft transmitting 30

kW at 200 rpm. The allowable stress in the shaft and key material is 40MPa. The maximum torque transmitted is to 20 % greater than the full load torque. Allowable shear stress in the bolts is 60MPa and allowable shear stress in the flange is 40MPa.

10M

10. a) Obtain an expression for shear stress in helical spring subjected to compressive loading with usual notations.

5M

b) Design a helical compression spring for a service load ranging from 2250N to 2750N. The axial deflection for the load range is 6mm. Assume spring index of 5, permissible shear stress as 420MPa, and modulus of rigidity as 84GPa.

10M





METROLOGY AND SURFACE ENGINEERING (Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Why is it necessary to give a tolerance on an engineering dimension? Give an example of both the bilateral and unilateral tolerances.

7M

b) Explain the meaning the following terms: i. Hole basis system, stating why it is recommended ii. Unilateral and bilateral limits.

8M

2. a) Explain the concept of interchangeability and selective assembly with an example. 8M b) Make a neat limit diagram showing the essential conditions for a clearance fit and

interference fit.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Briefly describe the different types of standards for linear measurements. 8M b) Explain the construction and working of a micrometer for linear measurement.

7M

4. a) Explain with the help of neat sketches the working of a sine bar. 7M b) A hole and shafting system has the following dimensions 50[H8/c8]. The standard

tolerance is given by i=0.45(D)1/3+0.001D, where D is dia(mm) of geometric mean of steps range lies between 50 to 80mm. i=standard tolerance, microns The multiplier for grade 8 is 25. The fundamental deviation for shaft c, for D>40mm is given by–(95+0.8D) microns. The diameter. Calculate minimum & maximum Size of hole and shaft.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the construction and working of Tool maker’s Microscope with a neat sketch. 8M b) Describe the use of optical flats and monochromatic light for dimensional comparison

and testing flatness of surfaces.

7M

6. a) Explain how the flatness and parallelism of the two faces of a slip gauge can be tested with the help of any method based on the principle of interference of light.

8M

b) What are the different types of errors encountered for the measurement of screw threads? Discuss each of them.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) What is the difference between primary texture and secondary texture? Describe briefly an instrument that may be used to obtain a graphical record of primary texture.

8M

b) Describe various methods of measuring surface texture giving their relative advantages.

7M

8. a) Explain how a pneumatic comparator works and briefly enumerate the advantages of differential pneumatic comparators.

10M

b) Explain the requirement of machine tool alignment tests.

5M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – V

9. a) What are Coordinate measuring machines (CMM)? Mention their types. 8M b) What are the different remedial measures for protecting the surface from corrosion?

7M

10. a) What is surface treatment process? Explain briefly. 8M b) List various organic and in-organic coatings. Briefly discuss this with applications. 7M





AIR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

(Aeronautical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. Describe the contribution air transportation industry to the economy and to the efficient conduct of business and its impact on personal and pleasure travel.

15M

2. a) Explain how aviation is affected economically? 7M b) Explain how airlines are emerging as small business private sections?

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the Earths physical issues affecting surface, core and continents. 7M b) List out gaseous properties in earth atmosphere and explain the weather effects on

navigation.

8M

4. a) Explain the how environmental hazards effect the earth surface. 8M b) What is the purpose of forecasting? Give a brief account on casual method of forecasting

and usefulness of judgmental method of forecasting.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) What is ICAO? Give brief description about its functioning. 5M b) i. Define deregulation and privatization

ii. Explain the human factors affecting safety of flight

10M

6. a) Define the following: i. Wireless-telegraphy (w/t) ii. Radio-telephony (r/t) iii. Very high frequency (VHF) radio iv. The high-frequency (HF) radio v. Aircraft communication addressing and reporting system (ACARS)

10m

b) Describe Instrument landing system (ILS).

5M

Unit – IV

7. What are communication, navigation and surveillance systems in aviation?

15M

8. a) What are the characteristics of a modern airport? 7M b) What is runway capacity? Evaluate runway capacity.

8M

Unit – V

9. Write notes on categories of airspace and airspace sectors.

15M

10. a) What are an Air Traffic Control system and its different types? 10M b) Write a note on financial viability regulatory and compliance. 5M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) AEROSPACE PROPULSION-I

(Aeronautical Engineering) Date: 19 November, 2015 FN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


Unit – I

1. a) Explain working principle of turbojet engine with aid of thermodynamic cycle. 10M b) Derive an expression for thrust equation.

5M

2. a) Define thrust augmentation and explain different methods of trust augmentation. 10M b) Write a short note on factors affecting the thrust.

5M

Unit – II

3. a) Write a note on shock swallowing by area variation. 5M b) Consider a turbo fan engine operating at Mach Number 0.9 at an altitude where the

ambient pressure and temperature are 22.62KPa and -55.50C. The mass ingested to the engine is 235kg/s, through an inlet area of 3m2, if the diffuser efficiency is 0.9 and the Mach Number at the fan entry is 0.45, determine: i. The capture area ii. Static pressures at inlet and fan face iii. Velocities at inlet and fan face iv. The diffuser pressure recovery

10M

4. a) Describe flow patterns in the case of subsonic inlet. 3M b) Derive an expression for minimum area ratio to the external deceleration ratio in the case

of a subsonic inlet.

12M

Unit – III

5. a) Describe the important factors that affect the design of combustion chambers. 9M

b)

Determine the combustion efficiency of the main burner with the following data: 2

3 3 31.8 , 600 , 100 , 1.3, 0.1 , 6 .t t refkgp MPa T K m A m H cms

6M

6. a) Write a note on use of flame holders. 7M b) List the operating variables on the performance of combustion chambers and discuss

Pressure loss and combustion efficiency.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Write a note on gas turbine engine nozzle classifications. 5M b) Explain the concept of after burner and write a note how exhaust variable nozzles are

used.

10M

8. a) List the functions of a nozzle in aircraft. 5M b) Write a note on thrust reversing methods. 10M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – V

9. a) Write notes on surging and stalling. 5M b) Air enters the first stage of an axial flow compressor stage at a total pressure of 2.0bar

and total temperature of 350K. The axial velocity component is 200m/s (constant throughout the stage) and the stator flow process is assumed to be Isentropic. In addition, the stage total-to-total pressure ratio is 1.75, the total-to-total efficiency is 82%, the rotational speed is 32000rpm, the rotor-exit relative flow angle 2 is zero, and the average specific heat ratio is 1.4. Calculate: i. Rotor Inlet and rotor exit absolute flow angles ii. Rotor inlet and rotor exit total relative temperature iii. stage reaction

10M

10. a) Explain the effect of pre-whirl in the context of centrifugal compressor. 5M b) A Centrifugal compressor stage is equipped with a totally radial impeller (that is one with

no appreciable axial velocity component anywhere), the stage geometrical data and operating conditions are as follows: Shaft speed N = 42000rpm Impeller Inlet Total Pressure 2.3bar Impeller Inlet Total Temperature 378.0K Inlet Mach Number is 0.38 Inlet swirl angle is zero Exit Total Pressure is 6.1bar Exit Total Temperature is 533.7K Exit Mach Number is 0.5 Assuming specific heat ratio as 1.4, calculate: i. Mass flow rate ii. Sketch impeller exit and inlet velocity diagrams iii. Exit/Inlet total relative temperature ratio

10M





AERODYNAMICS-II




Unit – I

1. a) Write unsteady continuity equation for a control volume. Why does the relative velocity

normal to the flow boundary, Vn, appear in .nm V dA Show that for one dimensional

steady flow case ρAV = constant.

8M

b) Helium flows at Mach 0.50 in a channel with cross-sectional area of 0.16m2. The stagnation pressure of the flow is 1MPa, and stagnation temperature is 1000K. Calculate

the mass flow rate through the channel, with 5 .3

7M

2. a) In which medium does a sound wave travel faster: in air at 200C and 1atm or in air at 200C and 5atm? Explain.

5M

b) An aircraft cruising at 1000m elevation, z, above you moves past in a flyby. It is moving with a Mach number equal to 1.5 and the ambient temperature is 200C. How many seconds after the plane passes overhead do you expect to wait before you hear the aircraft?

10M

Unit – II

3. a) Obtain the area-Mach number relation using nozzle flow. 5M b) Consider the isentropic flow through a convergent – divergent nozzle with an exit-to-

throat area ratio of 2. The reservoir pressure and temperature are 1atm and 288K, respectively. Calculate the Mach number, pressure and temperature at both the throat and the exit for the cases where: i. The flow is supersonic at the exit ii. The flow is subsonic throughout the entire nozzle except at the throat, where M=1

10M

4. With a neat sketch explain the supersonic wind tunnel. Deduce ,1 0,1

,2 0,2

t

t

A PA P

15M

Unit – III

5. a) What does a Critical Mach number mean and how it’s different from Drag-Divergence Mach number?

10M

b) What is a supercritical airfoil?

5M

6.

a) What are the oblique shock relations? Deduce

2 21

21

sin 1tan 2cotcos 2 2

MM

where

symbols have their usual meaning?

10M

b) A supersonic airplane is flying at Mach 2 at an altitude of 16km. assume the shock wave pattern from the airplane quickly coalesces into a Mach wave that intersects the ground behind the airplane, cruising a ‘sonic boom’ to be heard by a bystander on the ground, at the instant the sonic boom is heard, how far ahead of the bystander is the airplane?

5M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain detached shock wave. Under what circumstances detached shock waves are formed generally.

7M

b) Using the results of a linearized theory, calculate the lift and wave-drag coefficients for an in - finitely thin flat plate in a Mach 2.6 free-stream at angles of attack of: i. 05 ii. 015 iii. 030

8M

8. a) Discuss any two physical phenomena dominated at very high Mach numbers (hypersonic flow), which are not so important at low supersonic and incompressible flows. Can we use supersonic linear theory and constant approximation in hypersonic flows? Explain.

9M

b) From exact shock wave relations obtain hypersonic shock-wave relations for p2/p1,

2 1/ and T2/T1. Write important assumptions.

6M

Unit – V

9. a) How do the smoke and tuft flow visualization techniques work? 10M b) How are Errors in Concentration Measurements taken care of?

5M

10. Describe wind tunnel balances. 15M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) FLIGHT MECHANICS-II



Unit – I

1. a) Discuss the static and dynamic stability of aircraft. 8M b) Explain inherently stable airplanes.

7M

2. a) Explain the aerodynamic forces and moments acting on airplane. 8M b) Write short notes on marginally stable airplane.

7M

Unit – II

3. Discuss in detail the aerodynamic stability derivative for time rate of change of angle of attack.

15M

4. a) What are the methods used to determine the derivative values? Explain any one. 8M b) Explain the effect of power on aerodynamic stability.

7M

Unit – III

5. Define stick force. Derive an expression for stick force gradient of elevator angle per ‘g’ in manoeuvring or accelerated flight.

15M

6. Define neutral point. Derive equation for stick-free neutral point.

15M

Unit – IV

7. a) Derive an expression for wing, fuselage and tail contribution to longitudinal stability. 9M b) Write short notes on stability margins.

6M

8. a) What are the power effects of jet plane? 10M b) Derive the equation for elevator angle to trim.

5M

Unit – V

9. a) Write short notes on one engine inoperative condition and rudder lock. 7M b) What is the requirement for a directional control in aircraft?

8M

10. a) What do you mean by phugoid motion, autorotation and spin? 10M b) What do you mean by spiral divergence? 5M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) AEROSPACE VEHICLE STRUCTURES-II



Unit – I

1. a) Explain Wagner’s theory of beams. 10M b) Explain monococque and semi monocoque structures.

5M

2. a) Explain Semi tension and complete tension field beams. 10M b) What is the function of ribs, stringers and spar webs on the function of aircrafts?

5M

Unit – II

3. a) Briefly explain types of wings and fuselages. 6M b) The beam shown in Fig.1 is assumed to have a complete tension field web. If the cross-

sectional areas of the flanges and stiffeners are, respectively, 350mm2 and 300mm2 and the elastic section modulus of each flange is 750mm3, determine the maximum stress in a flange and also whether or not the stiffeners will buckle. The thickness of the web is 2mm and the second moment of area of a stiffener about an axis in the plane of the web is 2000mm4; E=70 000N/mm2.

Fig.1

9M

4. a) The central cell of a wing has the idealized section shown in Fig.2. If the lift and drag loads on the wing produce bending moments of −120000Nm and −30000Nm, respec vely, at the section shown, calculate the direct stresses in the booms. Neglect axial constraint effects and assume that the lift and drag vectors are in vertical and horizontal planes. Boom areas : B1 = B4 = B5 = B8 = 1000mm2 B2 = B3 = B6 = B7 = 600mm2

Fig.2

Cont…2

15M

:: 2 ::

Unit – III

5. a) Derive an expression for load intensity, shear force and bending moment relationships. 7M b) A beam having the cross-section shown in Fig.3 is subjected to a bending moment of

1500Nm in a vertical plane. Calculate the maximum direct stress due to bending stating the point at which it acts.

Fig.3

8M

6. Fig.4 shows the cross section of a thin, singly symmetrical I-section. Find the distance ξS of the shear center from the vertical web. The thickness t is taken to be negligibly small in comparison with the other dimensions.

Fig.4

15M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain the phenomena of warping. 7M b) The fuselage section shown in Fig.5 is subjected to a bending moment of 100kNm appled

in the vertical plane of symmetry. If the section has been completely idealized into a combination of direct stress carrying booms and shear stress only carrying panels, determine the direct stress in each boom.

Fig.5

Cont…3

8M

:: 3 ::

8. The cantilever beam shown in Fig.6 is uniformly tapered along its length in both x and y directions and carries a load of 100kN at its free end. Calculate the forces in the booms and the shear flow distribution in the walls at a section 2m from the built-in end if the booms resist all the direct stresses while the walls are effective only in shear. Each corner boom has a cross-sectional area of 900mm2 while both central booms have cross-sectional areas of 1200mm2.

(a)

(b)

Fig.6

15M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain structural idealization of a wing. 8M b) Derive the expression for primary wrapping of thin walled open section beam.

7M

10. The fuselage of a light passenger carrying aircraft has the circular cross-section shown in Fig.7 The cross-sectional area of each stringer is 100mm2 and the vertical distances given in Fig.7 are to the mid-line of the section wall at the corresponding stringer position. If the fuselage is subjected to a bending moment of 200kNm applied in the vertical plane of symmetry, at this section, calculate the direct stress distribution.

(a)

(b) Fig.7

15M





INTRODUCTION TO SPACE TECHNOLOGY




Unit – I

1. a) Explain the orbital characteristic of communication satellite mission. 8M b) Explain the effect of atmosphere on the life-time of near earth satellite.

7M

2. a) Write short notes on PSLV. 8M b) Write short notes on Space environment.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the principle of thrust development in rockets. 8M b) List out the advantages and disadvantages of solid rocket propellant.

7M

4. a) Starting from the basics, derive an expression for thrust. 7M b) Differentiate between over expanded and under expanded nozzle.

8M

Unit – III

5. Write a short note on gravity turn trajectories.

15M

6. a) Explain the principle of aero braking. 8M b) Write short notes on flight dispersion.

7M

Unit – IV

7. Explain in detail different orbital transfers. 15M 8. The moon is slightly elliptical in orbit around the earth (e=0.055). Determine the moons

perigee and apogee in kms. Take that moon takes 27.32 days to complete one orbit around the earth.

15M

Unit – V

9. What are the different types of power subsystems used in spacecraft? 15M 10. a) Explain the concept of attitude control for spinning aircraft. 8M b) Explain Dual spin spacecraft. 7M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

(Civil Engineering) Date: 17 November, 2015 FN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


Unit – I

1. a) Briefly explain partial safety factor for loads and material strength. 7M b) Compare balanced, under-reinforced and over- reinforced RC sections.

8M

2. a) Why IS 456-2000 does not permit the design of over reinforced section in an RC members? Explain.

6M

b) Determine the values of stress block parameters for limit state design of singly reinforced beam under flexure.

9M

Unit – II

3. a) An RCC beam of section 300mm x 500mm is reinforced with 4 numbers of 16mm diameter rods with an effective cover of 50mm. The beam is simply supported over an effective span of 6m. Find the maximum permissible uniformly distributed load on the beam. Assume M20 grade concrete and Fe500 grade steel.

8M

b) Determine the ultimate moment of resistance of the following T beam: Bf = 450 mm, Df =150 mm, bw = 300 mm, d=440 mm, Ast = 2100mm2, Assume M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.

7M

4. a) List out the circumstances under which a doubly reinforced section is used. 5M b) A rectangular RC beam is 350mm x 750mm, overall in size with an effective cover of

50mm both on tension and compression side. Compression steel area =564mm2 and is stressed to 353N/mm2. Assume M20 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Calculate the steel area on the tension side to make the section fully effective and the total moment of resistance. Also calculate total compression and total tension developed in the section.

10M

Unit – III

5. Determine the shear reinforcement of the simply supported beam of effective span 8m whose cross section dimensions are 250 X 450mm effective. Tension steel is 2-25Φ + 2-20 Φ and compression steel is 2-12Φ. Factored shear force is 250KN. Use M20 and Fe415 steel. Sketch the details of reinforcement.

15M

6. Design a simply supported, reinforced concrete beam of rectangular section using following data: Effective span = 8m; live load = 30kN/m; b = 300mm; D = 650mm. Assume effective cover 50mm. Sketch the reinforcement details. Use M20 concrete and Fe415 steel.

15M

Unit – IV

7. Design a RC column 230 X 400 mm, in size to resist an ultimate axial load of 1270kN and an ultimate bending moment of 60kN-m about major axis. Unsupported length of column is 4.5m and effective length is 2.75m. Use M20 concrete and Fe415 steel. Sketch the steel details across the section. Use SP-16.

Cont…2

15M

:: 2 ::

8. A rectangular column of size 300 X 500mm, is subjected to a load of 1200kN. The SBC of soil is 220kN/m2. Design a rectangular footing for the column. Use M20 concrete and Fe415 steel. Sketch the details of steel in the footing.

15M

Unit – V

9. a) Distinguish between one way slab and two way slab. 4M b) Design a simply supported slab for a room of dimension 3.5m x 8m with a bearing of

230mm walls. Assume the super imposed load as 5kN/m2 excluding the self weight of the slab. Assume M20 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel.

11M

10. Design a reinforced concrete slab 6.3m x 4.5m simply supported at all the four edges. It has to carry a characteristic live load of 10kN/m2 in addition to its self weight. Assume M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Also assume that the exposure condition to environment is mild. Sketch the reinforcement details in plan. Assume the corners are not restrained.

15M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) GEO TECHNICAL ENGINEERING-I



Unit – I

1. a) With the help of soil three phase diagram, define the following terms : i. Water content ii. Void ratio iii. Porosity

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b) A soil specimen has a water content of 10% and a dry unit weight of 18.18kN/m3. If G=2.7, determine the bulk unit weight, void ratio, porosity and degree of saturation.

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2. a) Explain the classification of fine grained soils as per Indian soil classification system. 7M b) In a liquid limit test specimens of certain sample of clay, following readings are obtained:

Water content (%) 31.93 27.62 25.51 23.30 No. of blows 5 16 23 42

If the plastic limit of clay is 13%. Determine liquid limit, plasticity index, and toughness index of soil.

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Unit – II

3. a) Discuss the various factors affecting permeability of soil. 7M b) Calculate the coefficient of permeability of a soil sample 6cm in height and 50cm2 in cross

sectional area. If a quantity of water equal to 430cc passed down in 10 minutes under an effective constant head of 40cm on oven drying the test specimen weighed 4.98N. Taking G=2.65, calculate the seepage velocity of water during the test.

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4. a) Define capillary rise and capillary potential. Discuss the effect of capillary rise on void ratio, temperature, and pore size.

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b) Compute the total, effective and pore pressure at depth of 15m below the bottom of a lake 6m deep. The bottom of the lake consists of soft clay with a thickness of more than 15m. The average water content of the clay is 40% and the specific gravity of solids may be assumed to be 2.65.

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Unit – III

5. a) Explain the factors affecting compaction of soils. 8M b) The following data were obtained from standard proctor compaction test :

Water content (%) 9 11 13 15 16 17 18 Bulk unit weight (kN/m3) 18 19 19.9 20.8 21 20.5 20.1

i. Plot the compaction curve and determine MDD and OMC. ii. Also determine the degree of saturation at MDD. Take G = 2.6.

Cont…2

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6. a) Explain square root of time fitting method for determination of coefficient of consolidation.

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b) A soil sample 20mm thick takes 20 minutes to reach 20% consolidation. Find the time taken for a clay layer 6m thick to reach 40% consolidation. Assume double drainage in both cases.

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Unit – IV

7. a) State the assumptions of Boussinesq’s theory of stress analysis bringing out the physical significance of each assumption.

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b) Three footings placed at locations forming an equilateral triangle of 6m side. Each of the footing carries vertical load of 500kN. Estimate the vertical stress by means of Boussinesq’s equation at a depth of 3m at the following locations: i. Vertically below center of each footing ii. Below center of adjacent footing iii. Below center of triangle

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8. a) What do you understand by ‘pressure bulb’? Illustrate with sketches. 7M b) A strip footing 2m wide is loaded on the ground surface with pressure 150kN/m2. A 4m

thick soft clay layer exists at a depth of 10m below the foundation. Find the average increase in vertical stress at center of clay layer below the center line.

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Unit – V

9. a) Discuss the three drainage conditions applicable for shear test on soil samples. 6M b) Determine shear strength parameters for the following data obtained from a triaxial

shear test on a soil sample.

Cell pressure (kN/m2) Deviator stress (kN/m2) 80 175

150 240 210 300

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10. a) Explain Mohr-coulomb theory. 6M b) A direct shear test was obtained on a cohesive soil sample and the following results were

obtained: Normal stress (kN/m2) 150 250 Shear stress @ failure (kN/m2) 110 120

What would be the deviator stress @ failure if a triaxial test is carried out on the same soil with cell pressure of 150kN/m2?

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(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING-I



Unit – I

1. a) Describe the working principle of non recording type rain gauge with a neat sketch. 7M b) The isohyets due to a storm in a catchment and area of the catchment bounded by

isohyets are tabulated below. Evaluate the mean precipitation due to the storm.

Isohyets (cm) Station-12.0 12.0-10.0 10.0-8.0 8.0-6.0 6.0-4.0 Area (km2) 30 140 80 180 20

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2. a) Write a note on methods of separating base flow from a storm hydrograph. 6M b) The initial rate of infiltration of a watershed is estimated as 2.1cm/hr, the final capacity is

0.2cm/hr, and the time constant, k, is 0.4hr-1. Use Horton’s Equation to find: i. The infiltration capacity at t=2hr and t=6hr ii. The total volume of infiltration over the 6-hr period Use Horton’s Equation.

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Unit – II

3. a) What are the factors affecting Hydrograph? How the shape of the basin influences the shape of the resulting hydrograph?

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b) The flood data and base flow in a storm are estimated for a storm in a catchment area of 600sq.km. Plot the resulting graphs.

Time in days 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge (cumecs) 20 63 151 133 90 63 44 29 20 20 Base Flow (cumecs) 20 22 25 28 28 26 23 21 20 20

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4. a) Compare Kennedy's and Lacey's silt theories. 6M b) Design a trapezoidal irrigation channel with side slope side slope 0.5H: 1V for a discharge

of 50cumecs and silt factor f=1.

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Unit – III

5. a) Distinguish between i. Aquifer and Aquitard ii. Unconfined and Confined aquifer

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b) In an artesian aquifer of 8m thick, a 10cm diameter well is pumped at constant rate of 100 liter per minute. The steady state drawdown observed in two wells located at 10m and 50m distances from the centre of the well are 3m and 0.05m respectively. Calculate the transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer.

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6. a) What are the types of Irrigation? Explain any one method. 7M b) Determine the time required to irrigate a strip of land of 0.06 hectares with a discharge of

0.02cumecs. The infiltration capacity of soil may be taken as 5cm/hr and the average depth of flow on the field is 10cm. Also find the maximum area that can be irrigated.

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Unit – IV

7. a) What is Flood routing? Explain the concepts of flood routing with neat sketches. 7M b) For the inflow hydrograph shown below, perform the routing through the reservoir reach

assuming K = 20hours and X = 0.25.

Time (hr) 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 Inflow (m3/s) 100 300 680 500 400 310 230 180 100 50

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8. a) Describe the stepwise procedure of finding design discharge, using log Pearson type III distribution.

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b) From the data of annual flood peaks of a stream for a period of 35yr, the 50 and 100yr flood have been estimated to be 660 and 740m3/s respectively using Gumbel’s method. Estimate 200yr flood for the stream. Given: ymean= 0.5403, SD=1.1285.

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Unit – V

9. a) Define the terms field capacity, permanent wilting point, soil moisture deficiency and readily available moisture.

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b) The cultivable command area of a canal is 1200 hectares. Intensities of sugarcane and wheat cultivation are 20% and 40% respectively. The duties for the crops at the head of water course are 730 hectare/cumec and 1800 hectare/cumec. Find i. Discharge required at the head of canal ii. Design discharge at outlet assuming a time factor of 0.8

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10. a) Define the following: i. Crop ratio ii. Overlap allowance iii. Capacity factor iv. Outlet factor v. Duty and delta

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b) How do you fix the depth of irrigation based on moisture frequency studies? 5M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS-II



Unit – I

1. A symmetrical three hinged parabolic arch has a span of 15m and a rise of 3m and is hinged at springing and at the crown. It carries a concentrated load of 30kN at a distance of 2m from the left support and another concentrated load of 30kN at the crown. Find the bending moment, normal thrust and radial shear at one fourth span from each end. Draw the BMD also.

Fig.1

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2. A two-hinged parabolic arch of a span 50m and rise 5m is subjected to a central concentrated load of 60kN. It has an elastic support which yields by 0.0001mm/kN. Taking E=200kN/mm2, I=5x109mm4, Average area Am=10000mm2, α=10x10-6/°C and assuming secant variation, calculate the horizontal thrust developed when the temperature rises by 20°C.

Fig.2

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Unit – II

3. Determine the end moments of a continuous beam shown in Fig.3 by Kani’s method. Draw BMD and SFD.

Fig.3

Cont…2

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4. Determine the end moments for the members of the rigid frame shown in Fig.4 by Kani’s method. Draw the BMD.

Fig.4

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Unit – III

5. Analyze the frame shown in Fig.5 by Slope –Deflection method and draw the BMD. Take EI=180x1010kN-mm2.

Fig.5

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6. a) Explain the terms absolute stiffness, relative stiffness and carry over factor. 5M b) Analyze the frame shown in Fig.6 by Moment Distribution method and draw the BMD

Fig.6

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Unit – IV

7. Analyze the continuous beam as shown in Fig.7 by flexibility matrix method.

Fig.7

Cont…3

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8. Analyze the continuous beam as shown in Fig.8 by flexibility matrix method, if the downward settlement of supports B and C are 10mm and 5mm, respectively. Take EI=184 x 1011kN-mm2.

Fig.8

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Unit – V

9. Analyze the continuous beam shown in Fig.9 by the stiffness method.

Fig.9

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10. Analyze the continuous beam shown in Fig.10 by stiffness matrix method.

Fig.10

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(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) ENGINEERING GEOLOGY



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the process of weathering and its importance in Civil Engineering projects. 7M b) Mention any six failures of different kinds of important civil constructions due to

geological drawback.

8M

2. a) Explain the internal structure of the earth with neat sketch. 8M b) Distinguish the following with the help of evolutionary trend:

i. Quartz –Sand stone-Quartzite ii. Calcite-Limestone-Marble iii. Olivine, Orthoclase-Granite-Gneiss

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Unit – II

3. a) Discriminate mineral and rock forming mineral and add a note on physical properties of minerals which are dependent on light.

8M

b) Describe the physical properties and engineering uses of the following minerals: i. Quartz ii. Gypsum iii. Galena

7M

4. a) Differentiate mineral and ore forming mineral. List out any four ore minerals with chemical composition.

8M

b) Describe the physical properties of the following minerals: i. Amethyst ii. Chalcopyrite iii. Heamatite iv. Bauxite

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Write a note on classification of igneous rocks based on mode of formation. 8M b) Explain with a neat sketch primary structure of sedimentary rock.

7M

6. a) What are faults? How are they classified? Describe the different types of faults. 8M b) Illustrate the phenomenon of folding. Discuss the impacts of tunneling across the folded

strata.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain the different methods of geological investigations. 8M b) Explain the principles and applications of electrical methods of geophysical investigation.

7M

8. a) Write a note on improvement of competency of sites by grouting method. 8M b) Explain the applications of seismic reflection methods.

7M

Cont…2

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Unit – V

9. a) Analyze possible risk while construction of dam across the fault plane. 8M b) What are the geological considerations in selecting suitable site for the construction of

dam?

7M

10. a) What is silting? What are the remedial measures to prevent silting? 8M b) What is grouting? Explain the different method of grouting. 7M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) ESTIMATING AND COSTING



Unit – I

1. a) Differentiate between Detailed Estimate and Abstract Estimate. 5M b) Mention the different types of Estimate and explain any two briefly.

10M

2. a) List out the principle of Units of measurement for different items of work. 8M b) Differentiate between Item Rate Estimate and Cube Rate Estimate.

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Unit – II

3. Estimate the quantity of i. Earth work Excavation ii. Cement concrete bed iii. Masonry in footing For the building from the given plan and section having following size: Wall thickness = 300mm Head room height = 4.0m Cement concrete bed = 1mx0.3m I footing = 0.7x0.3m II footing = 0.5x0.3m Basement = 0.4x0.4m flooring concrete = 150mm floor finish CM 1:3 = 25mm Assume the base of footing is 1.1m below GL.

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4. Calculate the quantities of the following items: i. Earthwork ii. Concrete work in foundation iii. Brick work From the given plan and section of 20cm thick wall by using long wall short wall method and centerline method. Comment on the quantities.

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Elevation

Plan of super structure

Cont…2

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Unit – III

5. a) Explain briefly the various factors affecting the rate analysis 7M b) Explain the following in detail

i. Bar bending schedule ii. Contingencies

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6. Prepare rate analysis for the following work. RCC work 1:2:4 with (20mm nominal size) in roofs, lintel, beams etc. including finishing and plastering the ceiling with cement mortar 1:3 of thickness not exceeding 6mm to give a smooth and even surface but excluding cost of centering, shuttering and reinforcement.

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Unit – IV

7. Define Contract Document. Differentiate between Lumpsum contract and Schedule Contract with an example.

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8. a) Define Security Deposit, Muster Roll, Measurement Book and Work Order. 8M b) Explain the Work Order with an example.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) What is the purpose of valuation? List different methods. 7M b) Differentiate between:

i. Mortgage value and Scrap value ii. Book value and Liquidated value

8M

10. a) How is the fixation of rent for a building done? Illustrate with example. 8M b) The size of the plot is 20X12m. cost of the land is Rs 400/sq m. Area of the building

140m2. Replacement rate is Rs 5000/m2. The present value of supply, sanitary and electrical arrangements is Rs 50000. Allowing a depreciation of 1.5% per year, calculate the fair rent. Adopt rate of return as 9%. Age of the building is 15 years.

7M

Documents

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING · 9. a) Discuss the operating modes of 80386 with an example. 8M b) What are the serial data transfer schemes? Compare with an example. 7M 10. a)