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üÈ� jiy¥ò : tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�

Kj� gâ¥ò : kh®¢ 2008

gâ¥ò MáÇa®, : g. mUz»Çehj�fÂÅ totik¥ò

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»Çna£o� °Lonah,( 98402 75550

m¢á£nlh® : átr¡â m¢rf«, átfhá

( 04562-27 4005; 27 5005Cell: 94433-79005

e�bfhil : % 10 /-

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13 M©LfS¡F K�d®, 1993 M« M©L et«g® khj« 19 M«njâ m�W vªj¤ j�ir tH¡f¿P® r§f¤â� eh� vªj mu§f¤J¡Fc�ns ciuah�¿ndndh, mnj tshf¤J¡F c�ns, ï�Wk�RN�thd« kiH¤JË ÉG»w neu« bgU« âushdtH¡f¿P®f� T£l«. �tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�� v�w jiy¥ã�ngRtj�fhf, br¥l«g® â§f� 24 M« eh�, j�ir tH¡f¿P®f�k�w tshf¤â� c§f� K�dh� Ã�»nw�.

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�The Jury itself has to face another Jury of public opinion.�

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g¡f¤J å£ony ts®»w khku¤â� »is j� å£L v�iy¡Fc�ns m¤JÛ¿ EiHªJ v£o¥gh®¡»w neu¤â�, gG¤J¡ FY§F»wfÅahf ïUªjhY« mJ v� å£L ÃHY¡F c�ns fÅ fh�¤JïU¡»w fhuz¤jh�, mªj¡ fÅí« vd¡F¤jh� v�W tH¡F¤bjhL¥gj�F tH¡F k�w¤ij ehLtJ ïªj¡ fhy«.

xU ã�is¡F ïu©L jhah?

xU FHªij ahU¡F¢ brhªj« v�W Ô®¥ò mË¡»w ntisÆ�, mJÔ®¥ò mË¡»wt� Phd¤ij¥ bghW¤jJ v�gj�F, ÉÉÈa¤â�giHa V�gh£o� Ú§f� gH»¡ nf£L ïU¡f¡ Toa rhyk� fijÃidî¡F tuyh«.

xU ã�isia ïu©L bg©f� cÇik bfh©lho tU»wh®f�.ïªj¡ FHªij vd¡nf brhªj«, eh� bg�w FHªij v�W mt®f�ïUtÇ� Fu� vGªJ nfî»w neu¤â�, �FHªijia ïU Twhfbt£o, ïUtU« ghâahf vL¤J¢ br�yyh«� v�W rhyk�T¿ajhfî«, g¤J¤ â§f� tÆ�¿� Rkªj mªj mUik¤ jh�,�ï�iy ï�iy mtËl¤ânyna ïU¡f£L«� v�W xUt�T¿anghJ, �ïtns ïªj¡ FHªijÆ� jh�� v�W rhyk� Ô®¥ò¢brh�djhfî« ÉÉÈa¤â� brh�y¥gL»wJ.

FyÉ¢ir f�yhk� ghf« gL«

ï§nf fÇfh� bgUts¤jhÅl« mj�F khwhd xU tH¡F tU»wJ.Ãy¤â� »il¤j òijaiy ïUtUnk nt©lh« v�»wh®f�.òija� K¤Jî¡F¢ brhªjkh? kh¡f¤â�F¢ brhªjkh?v�»wnghJ, ït� ïisPdhf ïU¡»whnd? ït� v¥go ïªj

tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�14

tH¡»� Ô®¥ò mË¡f¥ ngh»wh� v�W mt®f� ftiynahL ïUªjneu¤â�, ït� Kâatdhf ntl« jǤJ¡ bfh©L taJK⮪jtdhf tªJ Úâ ciu¤jh� v�W«

ciu Koî fhzh� nrhH� v�weiu KJk¡f� ct¥geiuKo¤J¢ brh�yh�Kiw br�jh� nrhH�FyÉ¢ir f�yhk� ghf« gL«

v�w gHbkhÊ¡F V�g mt� Ô®¥ò mˤjh� v�W« xU ghl�.

v�d Ô®¥ò?

�K¤Jî¡F xU mUik kf�. kh¡f¤J¡F xU mUik kf�ïUtU« âUkz« Ko¤J¡ bfh�s£L«. ïªj¥òija� ïUtU¡F«nru£L«� v�W mt� Ô®¥ò mˤjh�.

v�yh ïy¡»a§fËY« fÇfh� bgUts¤jh� eiu Ko¤J Ô®¥ò¢brh�dh� v�W ïU¡»wnj jÉu, mJ v�d tH¡F v�W eh� njo¤njo¥ gh®¤nj�. vâY« »il¡fÉ�iy. ïJ g£od¥ghiyÆY«ï�iy giHa ïy¡»a¤âY« ï�iy, gHbkhÊÆY« ï�iy.

ïªj M©L Mwh« tF¥ò¥ ghl¥ò¤jf¤â�, ïij fijahf¢ brh�ÈïU¡»wh®f�. V�gj�F¥ bghU¤jkhf ïU¡»wJ v�gjdh� ï¥gomâ� brh�y¥g£L ïU¡»wJ v�W kh¤âu« c§fË� ftd¤J¡F¡bfh©L tU»nw�.

3000 M©LfS¡F K�dh� jÄG¡F ïy¡fz« tF¡f¥g£lnj,mªj¤ bjh�fh¥ãa¤â�, bghU� mâfhu¤â� 647 N¤âu¤â�,

tH¡F vd¥gLt ca®ªnjh® nk�nwÃf�¢á mt®f£F Mfyhd

vd¡ F¿¥ãl¥g£L c�sJ.

ca®ªnjh® vL¤J¢ brh�tJ tH¡F.

ï�iw¡F tH¡F k�w¤â� v¥go¥g£l tH¡Ff� tU»�wdv�gij fhQ»w neu¤â�, Úâk�w§f� gy e« f© K�dh� tªJÃ�»�wd.

itnfh 15

âU¤â vGâa Ô®¥ò

F�wthË vd¤ j©o¡f¥g£l gy ngiu, gy M©LfS¡F¥ ã�dh�mt®f� F�w« ïiH¡fÉ�iy v�W k¡f� k�w« Ô®¥ò mˤJïU¡»wJ. 2000 M©LfS¡F K�dh� »¿°J ãw¥gj�F 469M©LfS¡F K�dh� Vbj�° efu¤â� ãwªjt� rh¡uO°. mt�tH¡F k�w¤â� ÃW¤j¥g£L, mt� ÛJ F�w¢rh£Lf�Rk¤j¥g£ld . �ït� flîis kW¡»wh� - flî� e«ã¡ifiamÊ¡»wh�, Vnjhnjh ngá ïisP®fis¡ bfL¡»wh�� v�wF�w¢rh£Lf� it¡f¥g£ld. m¥nghJ #dehaf cz®îf�jiH¤J ïUªj neu«, áªjidf� ts®ªJ ïUªj fhy«.

mªj k�w¤â� Ô®¥ò mË¡»w #&]ÇfË� v©Â¡if 501. j� ju¥òtH¡if rh¡uO° vL¤J it¡»wh®. �m¿P® bgUk¡f�, PhÅf�,muáa� khkÅj®f� ÃiwªJ ïU¡f¡Toa Vbj�Ì�, ïªj tajhd»Ht� ïisP®fis¡ bfL¡»nw� v�gij v¥go V�W¡bfh�»Ö®f�?� v�W nf£»wh®.

Ô®¥ò tH§f¥gL»wJ. m�tH¡F k�w¤â� bkh¤j« c�s 501ng®fS�, 281 ng® rh¡uO° F�wthË v�W Ô®¥ò mˤjh®f�. 220ng® F�wthË m�y, Ãuguhâ v�W Ô®¥ò mˤjh®f�. bgU«gh�ikÔ®¥ò V�W¡ bfh�s¥g£L, kuz j©lid Éâ¡f¥g£lJ.

mj�F¥ã�d® m§nf ïU¡»w xU ÔÉny �bl�á âUÉHh�el¡»wJ. bl�ᤠnjitij¡F¤ âUÉHh¡ fhy«. Vbj�° eh£Lk¡f�, bghU£fnshL f¥gÈ� mªj Ôî¡F¢ br�»wh®f�. mjdh�,rh¡uOR¡F kuzj©lid x¤â it¡f¥gL»wJ. F¿¥ã£l njâÆ�kuzj©lid Ãiwnt�w¥glÉ�iy. Ôî¡F¢ br�W tÊghLKoªJ tªjj�F¥ ãwF kuz j©lidia Ãiwnt�wyh« v�wÃiyÆ� áÇ£oah° v�w e©g� brh�»wh�.

�j¥ã¤J¢ br�tj�F tÊ ïU¡»wJ rh¡uO°. vdnt, Ú j¥ã¢br�WÉL. Vbj�° efu¤â� ïUªJ btËna br�W kuz¤â� ãoÆ�ïUªJ j¥ã¤J¥ ngh�Élyh«� v�W brh�»wnghJ, rh¡uO°brh�»wh�. �eh� »nu¡f¤â� Vbj�Ì� r£lâ£l§fS¡F¡f£L¥g£lt�. Úâk�w¤â� Ô®¥ò kuz j©lid. mij eh�V�»nw�� v�»wh®.

Mdh� e©g� mt� fU¤ij V�fÉ�iy. Û©L«tÈíW¤J»wh�. m¥nghJ, rh¡uO° TW»wh®: �eh�

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r£lâ£l§fS¡F¡ f£L¥g£lt�. th®¤ij¡F« thG»wth�¡if¡F« ntWghlhf, t�rfkhf th�ªjh� rh¡uO° v�WtU§fhy« v�id¢ rã¡f¡TlhJ. vdnt, eh� kuz j©lidiaV�W¡ bfh�»nw�� v�W brh�dh®. ».K. 399 M©o�, �bfkyh¡�v�w bfhoaÉõ« mtD¡F¤ ju¥g£lJ. gU» koªjh® rh¡uO°.

Mdh�, k¡f� k�w¤â�F K�dh� mªj¤ Ô®¥ò kh�w¥g£L É£lJ.281 ng® bfhL¤j¤ Ô®¥ò V�f¤j¡fJ m�y v�w Koî¡F tU»wJk¡f� k�w«. cyf« ghuh£L»wJ. rh¡uO° ehlf¤ijna m�òjkhfvGJ»wh� th�nl®. ~ãbu�R eh£L k¡fS¡F cz®¢áC£Ltj�F Ãf�¢áfis¡ nfh®itahf¡ bfh©LtªJ vGJ»wh�.

k¡f� k�w« V�fhj Ô®¥ò

ï�bdhU tH¡Fk�w«!

ïJ bfh�fjhî¡F K�dh�, ãyh¤J k�dÅ� rigÆ�, nuhkhÅar¡fut®¤âÆ� ãuâÃâahf ïU¡f¡Toa MSeU¡F K�dh�F�w«rh£l¥g£lt® xU ïisP®. mJtiu e«ã¡ifahf¢brh�y¥g£L tªj fU¤JfS¡F kh�whd fU¤Jfis, kiyfË�rÇîfË� ngá tªjh® xU thÈg®. mt® bga® ïnaR »¿°J.

mt® T©o� ÃW¤j¥gL»wh®. mt®ÛJ F�w¢rh£Lf�it¡f¥gL»�wd. mt® ju¥ã� ntW vtU« thâlÉ�iy.ïu©blhU th®¤ijf� mtnu ngR»wh®. gâî M»�wd. v¢rÇ¡if¢br�»wh®. Ô®¥ò tH§f¥ngh»w MSe® ngh�oa° ãyh¤JÉ�kidÉ, �mªj e�y kÅjU¡F¤ Ô§F ÉisÉ¡fhnj� v�Wv¢rÇ¡»wh�. m�R»wh� ãyh¤J.

mªj Úâk�w¤â� tH¡f¥go ahuhtJ xUtU¡F k�Å¥ò¡bfhL¡fyh«, j©lidÆ� ïUªJ ÉLÉ¡fyh« v�w kuò¥go,m§nf ntjghyf®fS¡F K�dh� âu©L Ã�»�w k¡fËl¤â�nf£»wh�.

�ïªj k�w¤â� ï�iw¡F ahU¡F ÉLjiy bfhL¡fyh«?� v�»wnghJ, m§nf ïUªjt®f�, cu¤j FuÈ�, �fyf¡fhu�bfh�is¡fhu� gughR¡F ÉLjiy bfhL§f�� v�W T¢r�vG¥ò»wh®f�. Mf, ÉLjiy gughR¡F, kuzj©lid ïnaR»¿°Jî¡F. áYitÆ� miwa¥g£L kuz j©lid. ïJnuhkòÇÆ� tH¡fkhd kuz j©lid. °gh®lhf° c£gl,

itnfh 17

MÆu¡fz¡fhdt®f� áYitÆ� miwa¥g£L¡ bfh�y¥g£LïU¡»wh®f�.

ïJ bjhl®ghd giHa Mtz§fis¤ njo vL¤J¤jh� bk� »¥r�,�Passion of the Christ’ v�w mUikahd âiu¥gl¤ij btËÆ£lh®.ïnaRÉ� th�¡ifia¢ á¤jǤJ, xU m�òjkhd M§»y¤âiu¥gl¤ij cUth¡»dh®. mªj¥ gl¤ij v⮤J¡ fU¤Jf�btËtªjd. eh� mij¥g�¿ ÉrhǤnj�. Mdh�, f¤njhÈ¡fkjFUthf ïU¡»�w ngh¥ M©lt®, �ïªj¤ âiu¥gl« rÇahdJjh�� v�W thofÅ� ïUªJ rh�¿j� bfhL¤jh®. mªj¤âiu¡fhÉa¤â� á¤jÇ¡f¥g£L ïU¡»�w fh£áf�, igãË�vGj¥glhjJ. Mtz§fË� ïUªJ nrfÇ¡f¥g£lJ.

Ãid¤J¥ gh®¡f Koahj msî¡F¡ bfhLikahf¢ á¤âutijbr�a¥gL»wh® ïnaR»¿°J. ÄUf¤jdkhf¤ jh¡F»wh®f�. mªjbkȪj njf¤â� mt® áYitia¢ RkªJ bfh©L tU»wh® -bfh�fjhÉ� áYitÆ� miwa¥gL»wh®. áuáY« fh�fËY«iffËY« MÂf� miwa¥g£lJ. bg�»w kiHnahL áYitÆ�ïUªJ tʪJ XL»w ÚnuhL ïu¤jK« fyªJ Xoa mªjneu¤âY«Tl, j�id¤ J�òW¤JgtU¡fhf ïu¡f¥g£lh®.

ï�iw¡F cy»� nfhlhdnfho k¡f� j§fS¡F V�gL»wJ�gJau§fË�nghJ, �Jau¥gL»wt®f� gh¡»ath�f�; mt®f�MWj� milth®f�� v�w mtuJ kiy¢ brh�bghÊit Ãidthf¢brh�»wh®fns, mJî« xU Úâk�w¤â� Ô®¥òjh�.

kh®¡° brh�dij¥nghy, mªj¤ Ô®¥ig cyf« V�fÉ�iy. k¡f�k�w« V�fÉ�iy.

åu k§if n#h�

1431 M« M©L ghß° efu¤â� xU Ô®¥ò.

T©o� ÃW¤j¥g£l bg©Q¡F taJ 20. mt�, ãÇ£oZ gilfisv⮤J th� Vªâ¥ ngh® òǪJ, gy nfh£ilfis¡ if¥g�¿dh�.mt�jh� åu«Ä¡f n#h� M~¥ M®¡. mt� ÛJ F�w« rh£l¥g£lJ.Úâk�w¤â� gy nf�ÉfS¡F¢ rhk®¤âakhf gâ�brh�È¡bfh©nltU»wh�.

filáÆ�, �eh� br�jJ F�w«� v�W k�Å¥ò¡ nf� v�wh®f�.

tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�18

v� m§f§fis¥ ãsªJ v¿ªjhY« eh� k�Å¥ò¡ nf£f kh£nl��v�wh�.

kuz j©lid Éâ¡f¥g£lJ. �cÆnuhL bfhS¤J§f�� v�WÔ®¥ò¢ brh�dh®f�. ÉwF¡f£ilfis mL¡», mâ� n#h� M~¥M®¡if¥ ngh£L cÆnuhL bfhS¤j¢brh�dh®f�. 1431 #dtÇ 20M« eh�, mtSila jiyÆ� xU F�yhit mÂɤjh®f�.“Fool’s Cap” �K£lh� bjh¥ã� v�W mâ� vGâ it¤jh®f�.mªj¤ bjh¥ãÆ� ãbu�¢ bkhÊÆ� 3 brh�fis vGâit¤jh®f�.mt� jiyÆ� it¤j mªj¤ bjh¥ãÆ�, �áiyia tz§F»wt�ntj¥òu£L¡fhÇ, rka¤ij kj¤ij v⮥gt�� v�W vGâit¤jh®f�. mtis¢ á¤âutij br�jh®f�.

k©Â� ÉLjiy¡F¥ nghuhoa, ãbu�R eh£o� ïsturnu eh£o�murdhf tu nt©L« v�W ãÇ£oZfhu®fis v⮤J¥ nghuhoan#h� M~¥ M®¡ cÆnuhL bfhS¤j¥g£lh�.

xU mâra« Ãf�ªjJ. mj�F É�Phd¥ó®tkhd fhuz§f�vd¡F¤ bjÇahJ. mt� cl«ã� c�s gFâf� v�yh« vY«ò«rh«gYkhf vǪJ »lªjnghJ, mt� ïUja« k£L« vÇahk�»lªjJ, beU¥ã� fUfÉ�iy. ãwF mªj ïUja¤ij vL¤J¡bfh©Lngh� XL»w eâÆ� åádh®f�.

ïâ�jh� Éá¤âu« ïU¡»wJ. rÇahf 24 M©Lf� fʤJ, mnjghß° efu¤â� eh£l®nl« r®¢á� Û©L« xU Úâk�w« ToaJ.

V�fdnt tH§»a Ô®¥ò nk� Kiwplhf, bfh�y¥g£l n#h� M~¥M®¡»�fhf thjhl, mªj tH¡F k�w¤â�F mtË� jhí«rnfhjuD« tªJ ïUªjh®f�. tH¡f¿P®f� thjhodh®f�.�n#hD¡F Éâ¡f¥g£l¤ j©lid bfh^ukhdJ; ïªj k©Â�ãwªj c¤jkò¤âÇ mt�; tz¡f¤J¡F cÇat��v�W Ô®¥ò¢brh�dh®f�.

vªj ïl¤â� n#h� Ô ï£L¡ bfhS¤j¥g£lhnsh mªj ïl¤â�F,24 M©Lf� fʤJ ÚâgâfS« tH¡f¿P®fS« ãbu�R eh£Lk¡fS« br�W, �n#h� M~¥ M®¡ th�f� v�W KH¡f« vG¥ãkÇahij br�jh®f�.

Mf, tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡FfË�, xU Ô®¥ò áy M©Lf� fʤJâU¤j¥gL»wJ.

itnfh 19

bt�is¡fhuÅ� M£á¡ fhy¤â� tH¡f¿P®f� v¥go¥g£lKiwÆ� tH¡F el¤âdh®f� v�gJ Ritahd br�â. ïªâaeh£o� c¢rÚâk�w¤â� jiyik Úâgâahf ïUªj kh£áikj§»a rg®th� tH§»a Ô®¥ò F¿¤J, mt® elto¡if F¿¤J Ä£nl (Mid Day) M§»y VL br�j Ék®rd¤â�fhf, mªj ehËjÊ�MáÇa® btËp£lhs® fU¤J¥ gl« btËÆ£lt®fS¡F¤j©lid tH§»aJ â�ÈÆ� ïU¡»w ca®Úâk�w«.

eh� mªj tH¡F¡F c�ns br�y ÉU«gÉ�iy.

Mdh�, ïªâahÉ� ca®Úâk�w Úâgâ rg®th� ÛJ mtöWtH¡F¡F ï¥go xU tH¡F j©lid. m¥goahdh� ah® ÛJ«mtöW tH¡F¥ nghlyhkh? nghl¥g£L ïU¡»wJ. xU tH¡f¿P®ÛJ nghl¥g£lJ. ïJ tH¡f¿P®f� k�w« m�yth? tH¡f¿P®f�c§f� f£á¡fhuU¡fhf thjhLtj�fhf, flikia¢ br�tj�fhfbt�¿bgWtj�fhf mgh©lkhf¢ Rk¤j¥g£l F�w¢rh£Lfiscil¤J v¿tj�fhf tH¡f¿P®f� thjhL»w neu¤â�,vL¤jhS»w brh�fS¡fhf v§f� ÛJ tH¡F¥ nghlyhkh?

ïªj¡ nf�É ï�W ne�w�y, 18 M« ü�wh©o� vGªjJ.

kJiuÆ� vGªjJ. nghoeha¡f}Ç� #Û�jh® ïUªjh®f�.âUkiy fhkuh#¥g gh©oa eha¡f® mtUila bga®. mtU¡Fmªj Í�yh fby¡l® ¡nuh� beU§»a e©g®, bt�is¡fhu®. ïªjïUtU« beU§»a e©g®fshf ïU¥gJ, ft®d® khËifÆ�mâfhu« bg�wtdhf ïUªj r�Èt� v�»w bt�is¡fhu¤Jiu¡F¥ ão¡fÉ�iy. m¥bghGJ ft®d® khËifÆ� Kj�ãuâÃâ. ft®dU¡F ïU¥gâ� ghâ mâfhu« mtU¡F ïU¡»wJ.

m�iw¡nf bgh�tH¡F

mªj r�ÈtD¡F« fby¡l® ¡nuhY¡F« jfuhW. fby¡l® ÛJbfh©L ïUªj btW¥ò fhuzkhf, fby¡lU¡F Äf nt©oat®nghoeha¡f}® #Û�jh® v�gjdh�, ft®d® mâfhu¤ij¥ga�gL¤â tH¡F¥ nghL»wh®. fht� Jiwia vªj¡ fhy¤âY«tH¡F¥ nghLtj�F Vtyh«.ãÇ£oZfhu®f� ã�g�¿a tH¡f«jhnd.

xU tH¡if¥ nghL« nghJ mj�F v¥go v¥go n#ho¡f nt©L«v�W, mij cil¡»w ntiyÆ� ïU¡»w c§fS¡F¤jhnd

tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�20

bjÇí«. mJnghy m�iw¡F« xU tH¡if¥ ngh£lh®f�. v�dtH¡F¤ bjÇíkh?

Fâiuf� ó£l¥g£l rhu£ t©oÆ� tªJbfh©L ïUªj #Û�jh®,m§nf ghijÆ� tªJ bfh©L ïUªj ïu©L tÊ¥ngh¡f®fistÊk¿¤J¡ bfh�is mo¤jh® v�W tH¡F. mt® #Û�jh®.beho¤J¥ nghd ïªj¡ fhy¤J m�y. #Û�jh® ghisa¡fhu®fshfïUªj br�t« bghUªâat®. mªj tH¡»� mtiu¡ ifJbr�»wh®f�.

Äf¥bgÇa tH¡f¿P® V®£ eh®£l� mtU¡F tH¡fhl tU»wh®.mtU« bt�is¡fhu®. Mdh�, ïªâa ehL ÉLjiy bgw nt©L«;mJ bt�is¡fhuD¡F moik ehlhf ïU¡f¡TlhJ v�w cz®îbfh©l xU bt�is¡fhu®. mt®jh� òf� bg�w tH¡f¿P®eh®£l�. mt® Úâk�w¤â�F tªJ thjhL»wh®. m¥nghJbrh�»wh®. �ft®d® khËif mâfhu¤ij¥ ga�gL¤â¡ bfh©LïU¡»w r�Èt�, j� brhªj¥ gifia¤ Ô®¤J¡ bfh�tj�fhf,Fnuh� ÛJ bfh©l btW¥ò¡ fhuzkhf, mtU¡F Äfî« nt©oae©guhd #Û�jh® ÛJ bgh� tH¡F¥ ngh£L ïU¡»wh®f�. ïJft®d® khËifÆ� ïU¡»w r�Èt� br�j râ� v�W F�w«rh£L»wh®.

tH¡f¿P® Ûnj tH¡F

m�tsîjh�. ïªj tH¡f¿P® r�Ètid mtöwhf¥ ngá É£lh®v�W T¿, khdeZl tH¡F tH¡f¿P® eh®£l� ÛJ nghl¥g£lJ.ïâ� âU¥gnk ïJjh�. ï¥bghGJ t¡Ñny áiw¡F¢br�WÉLth® v�w Ãiyik tU»wJ. tH¡f¿P® Ûnj khd eZl tH¡F.5 ng® bfh©l ~ò� bg�R¡F¥ ngh»wJ. jiyik Úâgâ bga®#°o° fhÈ�. mªj Iªâ� xbubahUt® ïªâa®. mt® jÄH®.mt®jh� #°o° K¤JrhÄ m�a®. k�wt®f� bf®#�, ãuh©£,gh®¡f® Mt®.

ghJfh¥ò¤ jªj Ô®¥ò

tH¡f¿P® bgUk¡fns, tH¡f¿P®fis ï�iw¡F« ghJfh¡»�wxU Ô®¥ig m�iw¡F¤jh�, mªj¤ jiyik Úâgâ, 5 ÚâgâfË�xUkdjhd Ô®¥ghf¢ brh�»wh®.

�ïªj eh£o� j� f£á¡fhuD¡fhf, ga« ï�¿, J¢ryhf fhÇa«M�W»w flik ahU¡F c©L v�W nf£lh�, mJ t¡ÑY¡F¤jh�

itnfh 21

c©L. Mfnt, tH¡f¿P® j� f£á¡fhuUila tH¡if vL¤J¢brh�È¥ ghJfh¥gj�fhf mt® ngR»w ng¢irnah, mt® vL¤Jit¡»w F�w¢rh£Lfisnah v⮤J, vªj tH¡F k�w¤âY«tH¡F¤ bjhL¡f KoahJ, tH¡fhl KoahJ. �

v¥go ehlhSk�w cW¥ãd®f� r£lk�w cW¥ãd®f�r£lk�w§fË� ehlhSk�w§fË� ngR»wnghJ, mj� ÛJ tH¡F¤bjhlu KoahJ v�W ghJfh¥ò ïU¡»wnjh, mij¥nghyÚâk�w¤â�F c�ns xU tH¡f¿P® vL¤J it¡»w fU¤J¡F¥ghJfh¥ò¤ jªJ ïU¥gJ, m�iw¡F nghoeha¡f}Ç� #Û�jh®tH¡»ny jªj Ô®¥òjh� ï�wsî« tH¡f¿P®fis¥ ghJfh¤J¡bfh©L ïU¡»wJ v�gij eh� bjÇɤJ¡bfh�s ÉU«ò»nw�.

âU¥g Koí«

tH¡FfË� thjhL»wt®fË� âwikia¥ bghW¤J, Úâk�w¤â�gh®itna âU«ã ÉL«.

1921. kfh¤kh fhªâ¡F br�th¡F V�g£L É£l neu«. mtuJ òf�guÉ¡ bfh©L ïU¡»w neu«. m¥nghJ ï°yhÄa r_f¤â�br�th¡F¥ bg�w ïU rnfhju®f� bksyhdh KfkJ mÈ,bksyhdh rîf¤mÈ.

bksyhdh KfkJ mÈ òf� bg�w tH¡f¿P®. mt® kfh¤kh fhªâcl� ïuÆ� ngh�¡bfh©L ïU¡»wh®. 1921 #dtÇ 20 ï�, th�nl®ïuÆ�nt °nlõÅ� mtiu¡ ifJ br�J T©o� V�W»wh®f�.v�d F�w¢rh£L bjÇíkh? �ãÇ£oZ ïuhQt¤âny ï°yhÄa®f�nru¡TlhJ v�W ïuh#Jnuhf« br�jh®, ïuhQt¤â� nr®¥gj�F¤jilahf ïUªjh®, nru¡TlhJ v�W ãu¢rhu« br�jh® v�W mt®ÛJ njr¤Jnuhf tH¡F. g�ntW ãÇîfË� tH¡F. Úâk�w¤â�Érhuiz¡F tªjJ. mtnu thjhL»wh®.

táa« br�j bksyhdh

F�w¢rh£o� K¡»akhd rhu«r« tH¡f¿P® Kf«kJ mÈ, K°È«ïisP®fis táa« br�J bfL¤J É£lh®. ãÇ£oZ nguuR¡Fvâuhf táa« br�JÉ£lh® v�W F�w« rh£oa tH¡»�, T©o�ÃW¤j¥g£L ïUªj bksyhdh KfkJ mÈ, mtnu thjhL»wh®.

e�y mHfhf M§»y¤â� ngr¡ Toat®. Úâgâia¥ gh®¤J mt®TW»wh®. �kh£áik j§»a Úâgâ mt®fns ï§nf mk®ªJ ïU¡f¡

tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�22

Toa #]u®f� v�nyhU«, F�wthË¡ T©ony ÃW¤j¥g£L ïU¡»wKfkJ mÈÆ� Kf¤â�F neuhf c£fhuhk�, KJif¡ fh£o¡bfh©L c£fh®ªJ ïU¡»wh®f�.

ït® brh�»wh® �ï§nf mk®ªJ ïU¡»�w #]u®f� v�nyhU«Kf¤ij ntW g¡f« âU¥ã¡bfh©L ïU¡»wh®fns, Vbd�wh�eh� V�fdnt ï°yhÄa ïisP®fis táa« br�J É£nl�v�Wjhnd F�w¢rh£L. ït®fisí« táa« br�J ÉLnt�v�gj�fhf Kf¤ij¤ âU¥ã c£fh®ªJ ïU¡»Ö®fsh? Úâgâmt®fns, bfh�r« mt®fis ïªj¥ g¡f« âU«ã c£fhu¢brh�Y§f�. mt®f� Kf§fis ï�D« eh� gh®¡fÉ�iy. eh�á¥gh�fis táa« br�J É£lij¥ nghy mt®fisí« táa« br�aÉU«ò»nw�� v�wh®. Úâk�w¤â� áÇ¥ò miy guÉaJ.

clnd Úâgâ, �bfh�r« Kf¤ij ïªj¥ g¡f« âU¥ò§f�� v�»wh®.âU¥ò»wh®f�. clnd brh�»wh®. �e�yntis v�id¥ghJfh¤Ô®f�. ïJtiu vd¡F K�dh� ï§nf bg©f� c£fh®ªJïUªjh®f�. ï¥bghGJ mt®f� v�yh« ïªj #]ÇfS¡F¥ã�dh�c£fh®ªJ bfh©lh®f�. ï¥nghJ bg©f� Kf« vd¡F¤bjÇaÉ�iy. ï�yhÉ£lh� ïnj g¥Ë¡ ãuhÌ¡»ô£l®, ïªj¥bg©fis v�yh« ït� nfh®£onyna táa« br�jh� v�Wv�ÛJ ï�bdhU F�w¢rh£ilí« it¥gh® m�yth? mâ� ïUªJe�ygoahf¤ j¥ã¤J É£nl�� v�»wh®.

clnd, Úâk�w¤â� midtU« áÇ¡»wh®f�. mL¤J mt®brh�»wh®. �Úâgâ mt®fns, Ú§fS« #]Çfis¥nghy Kf¤ij¤âU«ã c£fh®ªJ ïUªÔ®f�. ï¥nghJ v�g¡f« âU«ã ïU¡»Ö®f�.m¥goahdh� v�Dila táa« br�»w r¡â gykhf ïU¡»wJ�v�W bjǪJ bfh©nl�. Úâgâiana eh� táa« br�JÉ£nl�v�W brh�ÈÉ£L, v� ÛJ nghl¥g£L ïU¡»w 121 ã ãÇÉ�ïUªJ, uh#Jnuhf tH¡»� ïUªJ, v�yh tH¡»� ãÇîfisí«nr®¤jh� ïªj b#�k« nghjhnj j©lidia mDgÉ¡f? v¤jidb#�k« vL¥gJ? v�W nf£»wh®.

tH¡f¿P® fhªâ

mtuJ thj¤ âwikÆdh�, mªj Úâ k�w¤â� gh®itna khW»wJ.rÇ, ï�tsî áw¥ghf thjhL»w bksyhdh KfkJ mÈ ï¥gov�wh�, mt® be�á� ngh�W»w kfh¤khfhªâ fhªâ v�tsî bgÇa

itnfh 23

t¡Ñ�. v�tsî m�òjkhf thjhodh® m»«rh _®¤â mwtÊÆ�_y« eh£o� ngh¡ifna âU¥ãat®. f¤âÆ�¿ ïu¤j« áªjhk�,ïªj eh£L¡F ÉLjiy bg�W¤ jªjt®. mtiu¥g�¿¡ bfh�r«brh�»nw�. Kj�Kjyhf Úâk�w¤â�F¥ nghF«nghJ m¢r¥gL«ïs« tH¡f¿P®fns, bfh�r« nfS§f�.

1892 M« M©L. #£fhî¡F¡Tl m©z� bryî¡F¥ gz«juhjjh�, g«ghÆ� bjU¤bjUthf elªnj ngh»wh® nkhf�jh°fu«rª¤ fhªâ. tH¡nf tuÉ�iy. 3 khj§f� MÆd. xU tH¡F«»il¡fÉ�iy. filáÆ� xU tH¡F tªJ kh£oaJ. mt® bga®kÄgh�. mt® xU K°È«. mªj tH¡if el¤Jtj�F mt� brh�dghl«, Ú§f� Vb#©£ it¤J tH¡if¥ ão¡f nt©L« v�W.clnd fhªâ brh�»wh®, �vd¡F m¥go tH¡nf nt©lh«. mªjkhâÇ ão¡f eh� ÉU«gÉ�iy� v�»wh®.

Mdh�, mj�F Û¿ kÄgh� nf° ït®fËl« tU»wJ. ït®gyeh£f� c£fh®ªJ thjhl Ma¤jkh»wh®. ïubt�yh« go¡»wh®.FW¡F Érhuiz br�J v¥go¡ nf�Éf� nf£gJ v�W v�yh«j�id¤ jah®gL¤â¡ bfh©L Úâk�w¤â�F¢ br�»wh®. Úâk�w«gugu¥ghf ïU¡»wJ. fhªâ FW¡F Érhuiz bsr�a nt©L«.vGªJ Ã�»wh®. ekJ tH¡f¿P® v¥goahtJ e«ik¡fh¥gh�¿ÉLth® v�w e«ã¡ifíl� ïU¡»wh® kÄgh�.

ïij r¤âa nrhjidÆ� fhªâna vGJ»wh®.

eh� vGªJ Ã�nw�. jiyR�w Mu«ã¤jJ. Úâk�wnk RH�tJnghy¤ bjǪjJ. ka¡fkhf tªjJ. vd¡F x�Wnk òÇaÉ�iy.Úâgâ v�id¥ gh®¤J¢ áǤJ ïU¥gh®. t¡Ñ�f� v�yh« gh®¤J¢áǤJ ïU¥gh®f�. vJî« v� f©Q¡F¥glÉ�iy. FW¡FÉrhuiz br�a, xU nf�ÉTl v� kdâ� njh�wÉ�iy. xUnf�ÉTl v� Phgf¤â�F tuÉ�iy. eh� m¥gona c£fh®ªJÉ£nl�.

x�W« òÇaÉ�iy. ïªj tH¡if eh� el¤j KoahJ. ntWtH¡f¿Piu¥ gh®¤J¡ bfh�S§f� v�W, nf° f£Lfisí«,mj�fhf th§»a 30 %ghiaí« eh� âU¥ã¡ bfhL¤J É£nl�.mªj tH¡if g£nl� v�w tH¡f¿P® vL¤jh®. 50 %gh�f£lz¤â�F el¤âdh® v�W r¤âanrhjidÆ� vGJ»wh®.

ïj�ãwF mt® ïªâahÉ� vªj Úâk�w¤â�F« br�yÉ�iy.mJnt mt® vL¤J¡bfh©l Kj� tH¡F, filá tH¡F. mj�F¥

tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�24

ãwF ntW vâY« M#uhfÉ�iy. Mdh�, bj�dh¥ãÇ¡fhî¡F¢br�W gy M©LfS¡F¥ãwF, 1912 M« M©L, bj� M¥ãÇ¡feh£o�, Úâk�w¤â� ngh� Ã�»wh®. tH¡f¿Puhf m�y,F�wthËahf¥ ngh� Ã�»wh®.

m§F ïU¡»w ïªâa®f� vtuhf ïU¥ãD«, f£lz« brY¤âm§nf tá¥gtuhf gâî br�J bfh�s nt©L«. gâî br�ahjt®f�,48 k neu¤â� btËnaw nt©L«. fhªâ gâî br�aÉ�iy, 48k neu¤â� btËnawî« ï�iy. ifJ br�a¥gL»wh®.Úâk�w¤â�F¡ bfh©L tU»wh®f�.

ghÇ°l® go¤j fhªâ, ÚâgâÆl« brh�»wh®. �V�fdnt ïj�fhf¡ifJbr�a¥g£lt®fS¡F _�W khj fL§fht� j©lidí«, 500gî� mguhjK« Éâ¡f¥g£L ïU¡»wJ. eh� mt®fisÉlfLikahd F�w¤ij¢ br�J ïU¡»nw�. ïij¤ bjǪJbfh©lj�F¥ ãwF« btËnawÉ�iy. Úâgâ mt®fns, vd¡FmijÉl¡ TLjyhd j©lid bfhL§f�. ïªj¢ r£l¤â� Ñ�v�tsî j©lid bfhL¡f Koínkh, mij¡ bfhL§f�� v�Wfhªâ nf£»wh®.

r£l¥go mâf£r j©lid bfhL¡fth v�W Úâgâ nf£»wh®.m¥goahdh�, 6 khj fhy fL§fht� j©lid. 1000 gî� mguhj«v�»wh®. �mijna bfhL§f�� v�»wh® fhªâ. Mdh�, Úâgâ 2 khjfhy rhjhuz j©lid Éâ¡»wh®. mJjh� fhªâÆ� Kj�áiwthr«.

bfh�r« nahá¤J¥ ghU§f�. �Úâk�w¤â� vGªJ Ã�wnghJjiyR�¿aJ, xU th®¤ij ngr Koahk� âz¿nd�, bt£f¥g£Lc£fh®ªnj�� v�W brh�d nkhf�jh° fu«rª¤ fhªâÆ�ciuia¡ nf£f, FkÇ Kj� ïka« tiu nfho¡fz¡fhd k¡f�fh¤J¡ »lªjh®f�. mªj miuahil kÅjÇ� brh�iy¡ nf£f,mt® tU»w tÊ v�yh« jt« »lªjh®f�. mt® c�s¤â� r¤âa«ïUªjJ. ehbl§F« mªj r¤âa¤â� Fuiy¡ nf£lh®f�.

ngh¥ bjÇɤj tU¤j«

Úâ¡fhf¥ nghuhL»wt®f�-c©ik ngR»wt®f� v¥goj©ild¡F c�sh¡f¥gL»wh®f� v�gj�F fÈÈnah tH¡F xUrh�W. 17 M« ü�wh©o� ïªj óÄ¥gªij¥ g�¿ nfhg®Ãf°brh�d fU¤ij¢ brh�dt�jh� fÈÈnah. mt� brh�dh�.

itnfh 25

�NÇa� óÄia¢ R�wÉ�iy. nfh�f�jh« NÇaid¢ R�W»�wd�NÇa� ika¡ nfh£ghL� ïJ.

kje«ã¡if¡F khwhf ïij¢ brh�dhny j©lid. m¥nghJf¤njhÈ¡f kj¤â� jiyik Õl« m¥go¥g£l c¤juî ãw¥ã¤JïUªjJ. Mdh�, fÈÈnah brh�dh�. mjdh� mt�j©o¡f¥g£lh�. òâjhf tªj ngh¥ M©lt®, mªj¡ fU¤ij¢brh�yyh« v�W mDkâ bfhL¤jh®.

�ïU k©ly¡ nfh£ghL� v�w üiy vGâdh®. mj�F¥ ã�d®Û©L« T©o� ÃW¤j¥g£lh®. �NÇa�jh� óÄia¢ R�W»wJ. óÄNÇaid¢ R�wÉ�iy v�W Ú ïªj ïl¤â� g»u§fkhf¢ brh�ynt©L«� v�W rî¡fh� mo¤J¤ j©o¤jh®f�. rhF«tiu mt�ifâahf ïU¡f nt©L« v�W j©lid Éâ¤jh®f�. filáahf,NÇa�jh� óÄia¢ R�W»wJ v�W nfh®£o� gykhf¢ brh�ynt©L« v�wh®f�.

rî¡fog£l fÈÈnah ntWtÊÆ�¿, �M«, �NÇa� óÄia¢R�W»wJ� v�W gy¤j FuÈ� brh�ÈÉ£L, bkÈjhd FuÈ� j�be�r¿tJ bgh�a�f v�gij¥nghy, jd¡F¤jhnd brh�È¡bfh�»wh�. kfhghuj¤â�, nghÇ� bt�¿ bgWtj�F¥ bgh� brh�dj®k�, j�id¤jhnd Vkh�¿¡ bfh�tj�fhf, �mRt¤jhk� v�wahid ïwªjJ� v�W brh�djhf¢ brh�th®fns, mij¥nghy,j�id¤jhnd âU¥â¥gL¤â¡bfh�tj�fhf fÈÈnah, �ï�iyï�iy nfh�f�jh� NÇaid¢ R�W»�wd� v�W jd¡F¤jhndbkÈjhf¢ brh�È¡ bfh©lhdh«. 1642 M« M©L mt� th�¡ifKoªjJ.

Ô®¥òf� v¥go¤ âU¤j¥gL»wJ bjÇíkh e©g®fns?

350 M©LfS¡F¥ ã�dh�, 1992 M« M©L. mnj thof� efungh¥ M©lt® jiyikÆ� ïU¡»w f¤njhÈ¡f¤ âU¢rigÆ�,�m�iw¡F¡ fÈÈnahî¡F Éâ¡f¥g£l¤ Ô®¥ò jtwhdJ� v�Wngh¥ ïu©lh« #h�gh� tU¤j« bjÇɤjh®.

350 M©LfS¡F¥ãwF mªj Úâk�w¤â� Ô®¥ò jtwhdJ v�WtU¤j« bjÇɤJ, �fÈÈnah brh�dJjh� c©ik; thdk©ly«F¿¤j fÈÈnah nfh£ghLjh� rÇ. mÇ°lho� mJtiu brh�dfU¤J V�òilaJ m�y. mÇ°lhoÈ� fU¤J, �fdkhd bghU�,mG¤jkhd bghU� ïªj¥ óÄÆ� tªJ ÉG»w neu« Fiwî.

tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�26

bkÈjhd bghUisÉl fdkhd¥ bghUS¡F ntf« mâf« v�wfU¤J jtwhd fU¤J. vdnt, fÈÈnah fU¤nj rÇahdJ� v�Wngh¥ M©lt® brh�dh®.

f£lbgh«k� thj«

ï¥go¥g£l br�âfis¢ brh�»w ntisÆ�, ïªj eh£o�ÉLjiy¡fhf¥ nghuhoat� T©o� ÃW¤j¥g£l fh£á Ãidî¡FtU»wJ.

m§nf xU Úâk�w«. eilbg�w ïl«, beL�rhiy¡F mU»�,rhiy Xu¤â� Úâk�w«. e�y btÆ� neu¤â� To ïU¡»wh®f�.mk®ªJ ïUªjt®f� ghisa¡fhu®f�. bfh©L tªJ ÃW¤j¥g£lt� gh�rhy§F¿¢á k�d� åugh©oa f£lbgh«k�. gh�irk�dD«, mt� j«ã Cik¤Jiuí«, iffS¡F« fh�fS¡F«Éy§Ff� ó£l¥g£L, òJ¡nfh£ilÆ� ïUªJ fh�eilahfntfa¤jhW¡F ïG¤J¡bfh©L nghdh®f�. âU¢áÆ� nk� KiwpLbr�ayh«, òJ¡nfh£il k�d� fh¥gh� v�w e«ã¡ifíl�ïUªjh� f£lbgh«k�.

bghGJ ÉoªjJ. nk� KiwpL br�ayh« v�W j� j«ãÆl«e«ã¡ifíl� brh�È¡ bfh©L ïUªjh� Kj� eh� ïuÉ�.Érhuiz v�W Úâk�w« bfh©Lngh� ÃW¤j¥g£lh�. Úâgâ ah®bjÇíkh? jsgâ - ghd®nk�.

tH¡F ehlf«

f£lbgh«k� gâiy¤ jÄÊ� brh�»wh�. mij JghZ ïuhkȧfKjÈah® M§»y¤â� bkhÊbga®¤J ghd®nkD¡F K�it¡»wh®.k©Â� khd« fh¡f kwªJ, flik jt¿a bfh¤joikfsh»É£lghisa¡fhu®f�, FWÃy k�d®f� tÇirahf c£fh®ªJïU¡»wh®f�. Éy§F ó£l¥g£l åugh©oa f£lbgh«k� ÛJRk¤j¥g£l F�w¢rh£Lf� IªJ.

fhy¤â� mUik fUâ eh� IªJ F�w¢rh£ilí« ÉtǤJ¡ Twïayhk� ïU¡»nw�. mâ� ïu©lhtJ F�w¢rh£L, �f«bgÅmâfhÇfis kâ¡f kwªjh� - fby¡l® Yhá§l� miH¤jnghJmtiu¥ gh®¥gj�F kW¤jh�. ï¥go¢ rh£l¥g£l x�bthU F�w¢rh£LfS¡F« mUikahd gâ�f� TW»wh� f£lbgh«k�.

itnfh 27

mtDila gâ� �f«bgÅ mâfhÇf� v�id¢ rªâ¡f tªjnghJeh� kâ¤J elªJ ïU¡»nw�. gift®fshdhY« e©g®fshdhY«kâ¡f¡ f�W¡ bfh©lt� f£lbgh«k� v�gij¤jh� ïJtiueh� Ãiyeh£o tªJ ïU¡»nw�. Mdh�, âUbe�ntÈ Í�yhfby¡liu jh�thu¤â� fh¤J¡ »lªJ gh®¡f nt©L« v�wÃiyik¡F¡ f£lbgh«k� vLãoí« m�y, ntiy¡fhuD« m�y,mJ vd¡F mtáaK« m�y� v�»wh�.

IªjhtJ F�w¢rh£L. f«bgÅÆ� ïuhQt¤ jsgâf� gy®gLbfhiy br�a¥gLtj�F Ú fhuzkhf ïUªjh� v�»wh®f�. ïJbfhiy¡ F�w¢rh£L. ïj�F¤jh� kuzj©lid. m¥bghGJmt� gâ� TW»wh� �ïªj k�w¤â� v� ÛJ F�w¢rh£il¢Rk¤âat®fns, vdjUik gh�rhy§F¿¢áÆ� ÛJ f«bgÅ¡fhu®f� gil vL¤J tUå®f�, Õu§»fis¡ bfh©L v�nfh£ilia¤ jf®¥Õ®f�, ïj�F¥ ãwF« c§fis tunt�W¢ruzilth� khd¤ij ïHªJ f£lbgh«k� v�W Ãid¤Ô®fsh?v�W nf£»wh�.

mt� r£l¡ f�ÿÇ¡F¥ nghdt� m�y - bgU« go¥ò go¤jt�m�y. ïªj¡ fhy¤J¥ go¥ig mªj¡ fhy¤â� go¤jhdh v�w nf�ÉvG¥g¡TlhJ. mt� vªj¢ r£l¡ f�ÿÇÆ� go¤jh�? vªjt¡ÑÈl« gÆ�á nk�bfh©lh�? v�bw�yh« nf£f¡TlhJ. mt�nf£»wh� mUikahd nf�É.

�ïJtiu rǤâu« ï¥go¥g£l Éá¤âukhd fh£áia¥ gh®¤jJï�iy. gil vL¤J v�id mÊ¡f tªj ïuhQt¤ jsgâna ï§nfÚâgâahf c£fh®ªJ ïU¡»w bfhLik, cy»� ntW v§nfí«el¡fhj bfhLik. v� ÛJ gil vL¤Jtªj jsgâna ï§nfÚâgâah? c§f� ehlf¤ij el¤J§f� - ïZl¥go v�d Ô®¥ònt©LkhdhY« bfhL§f�� v�wh�.

k©oÆl kh£lh®f�

kuzj©lid v�W Ô®¥ò¢ brh�ÈÉ£L¥ ngh� É£lh�ghd®nk�. ö¡»� nghL«nghJ mt� m§nf ï�iy.f£lbgh«kid¤ Jh¡»� nghL«nghJ elªjij¥ g�¿, kWeh�ghd®nk� j� F¿¥ò neh£o� vGJ»wh�. mt� vGJ»wh�.mtDila eh£F¿¥ã� �f£lbgh«kid¤ ö¡Fnkil¡F¡bfh©L nghF«nghJ, mtDila tyJ g¡f¤âY« ïlJ

tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�28

g¡f¤âY« ïU¡»w ghisa¡fhu®f� ÛJ btW¥ig cÄ�ªjthWj� fhÈ� x�bthU moiaí« cWâahf vL¤J it¤J mt� ö¡Fnkil¡F¥ nghdh� v�gij¥ gâî br�»nw�. ïj�_ykhf v⮥òcz®î v�gJ v�tsî ntfkhf ïU¡F« v�gij v¢rÇ¡ifahfïªj¢ br�âia f«bgÅ¡F¤ bjÇÉ¡»nw�� v�W j� eh£F¿¥ã�vGâ ïU¡»wh�.

ïªj cz®î cilat®f�, kuz« âra« v�whY« Úâk�w¤â�FK�ò k©oÆl kh£lh®f�.

1930 M©L #dtÇ khj« 31 M« njâ g�r eâf� gh�»wgh�rhy¤â� åu ikªj� gf¤á§, Rfnj�, uh#FU k�W« j�ndhLnr®ªj rfh¡fnshL mt� Úâk�w¤â� bfh©Lngh� ÃW¤j¥g£lneu¤â� fG¤â� át¥ò¥ g£oia mªJ T©L¡F� nghdh®f�.

gf¤á§ fG¤â� át¥ò¥ g£o. Úâgâ gh®¡»wh®, Úâk�w« gh®¡»wJ.�ï�Fyh¥ ͪjhgh¤� v�W KH¡f« vG¥ò»wh®f�.

�rhtâ�iy rhtâ�iy byÅ� rhtâ�iy; gut£L« gut£L«byÅ� òf� m»y« v§F« gut£L«� v�W KH¡f« vG¥ò»wh®f�.M«, mªj eh� byÅid¥ ngh�W»�w eh�. #dtÇ 21 M« eh�.byÅ� kiwî eh�. vdnt byÅ� Ãidthf gf¤á§ nfh®£o�KH¡f« vG¥ò»wh®. _�W eh� fʤJ Û©L« ngh»wh®f�.mnjnghy KH¡f« vG¥ò»wh®f�. Úâgâ¡F M¤âu« jh§fÉ�iy.vdnt, iffS¡F Éy§F ó£l¢ brh�»wh®.

Éy§F ó£oaj�F¥ãwF mt®f� Úâk�w¤â�F x¤JiH¡fkW¡»wh®f�. mt®fis ïG¤J¡bfh©L ngh»wh®f�. áiwÆ�ïUªJ Û©L« bfh©L tU»wnghJ, �v§f� iffË� Éy§Fngh£L ïU¡»Ö®f�, eh§f� tu KoahJ� v�»wh®f�. mo¤Jcij¤J¢ á¤âutij br�J, gf¤á§ c�Ë£l IªJ ngiu k£L«m�iw¡F Úâk�w¤â�F¡ bfh©L tU»wh®f�. v¥go Éy§FnghL»wh®f� v�wh�, gf¤á§ xU ifÆ� Éy§F Éy§»� kWgFâï�bdhU nghÈ°fhuÅl«. ïu©L ifâfis¢ nr®¤J Éy§FnghlÉ�iy. ï¥go¥g£l KiwÆ� miH¤J¡bfh©LÚâk�w¤â�F tU»wh®f�.

m¥bghGJjh� gf¤á§ brh�»wh�. ïJ Úâk�wkh? ï§nfc£fh®ªJ ïU¡f¡Toa Úâgâ, Úâgâah? m�yJ nghÈ°mâfhÇah? How to take my notes? v¥go v� tH¡if¥g�¿ v�rfh¡fnshL fyªJ ciuahLtJ? v�W nf£»wh®. Úâk�w¤â�

itnfh 29

tH¡if el¤j KoahJ v�W Û©L« mt®fis btËna bfh©Lngh»wh®f�. �ö¡»� nghlhÔ®f�. v§fis¤ J¥gh¡»ah� RL§f�eh§f� òu£á¡fhu®f�� v�W filá ÃÄl¤â�Tl KH§»at�m�yth khåu� gf¤á§!

bghlh Úâk�w¤â�...

eh� x�iw ÃidîgL¤j ÉU«ò»nw�. eh� gy tH¡FfË�, gyÚâk�w§fË� F�wthË¡ T©o� ÃW¤j¥g£lt�. xU tH¡»�xU Úâk�w¤â� bfh©Lngh� ÃW¤j¥g£lnghJ, murh§ftH¡f¿P® ÚâgâÆl¤â� xU kD bfhL¤jh®. �ït� Úâk�w¤ijÉ£L btËnatU»wnghJ, br�âahs®fis¢ rªâ¤J mt®fS¡F¥gâ� brh�»wh�. ng£o bfhL¡»wh� - ït� Úâk�w¤â� thia¤âw¡f¡ TlhJ v�W murh§f tH¡f¿P® ÚâgâÆl« kDit¡bfhL¤jh®.

v� ïÅa rnfhju®f� njtjh°, åugh©oa� c�Ë£ltH¡f¿P®f� mªj k�w¤â� ïUªjh®f�. vd¡fhf mt®f� m§nftUif jªJ ïUªjhY«, ïj�F ehnd gâ�brh�»nw� v�WvGªnj�.

�kh©òÄF Úâgâ mt®fns, eh� v�Dila fU¤ij ï§nf gâîbr�a ÉU«ò»nw�. eh� Úâk�w tshf¤â� br�âahs®fSl�ngr¡TlhJ v�W muR t¡Ñ� kD bfhL¡»wh®. bt�is¡fhu�fhy¤â� gf¤á§F« mt� rfh¡fS« Úâk�w¤â� KH¡f« vG¥ãïU¡»wh®f�. mijí« ïªj ehL gh®¤J mDkâ mˤJ ïU¡»wJ.ï�iw¡F ÉLjiy bg�w ïªâahÉ�, eh� Úâk�w¤ijÉ£LbtËna ngh»w tÊÆ�, br�âahs®f� v�Ål¤â� nf�É nf£lh�gâ� brh�y¡ TlhJ v�W murh§f t¡Ñ� kD nghL»whnu, ïnjÃiyik Úo¡Fkhdh�, ïÅ mtiu¡ nf£L¤jh� eh� _¢R Élnt©L« v�W brh�th® nghÈU¡»wnj?� v�nw�.

Úâgâ mikâahf¡ nf£lh®. ïu©L ÃÄl« fʪjãwF ÚâgâT¿dh®, �ïªj nr«gU¡F btËÆ� v�d el¡»wnjh, mij¥g�¿vd¡F x�W« bjÇahJ. mij¥g�¿ eh� x�W« brh�tj�Fï�iy� v�wh®.

cz®¢áia¤ Jh©L« ciu

cÇikfS¡fhf¥ nghuhL»wt®f�, tH¡F k�w¤â� j§fSilaÃaha¤J¡fhf¥ v¥go¥ nghuho ïU¡»wh®f� v�gj�F v¤jidnah

tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�30

rh�Wfis¢ brh�y Koí«. ne�iwa âd« bjhiy¡fh£áÆ� gh®¤JïU¥Õ®f�. 80 mfitia¡ flªjã�dU«Tl, mbkÇ¡ft�yuR¡F¢ á«k brh¥gdkhf ïU¡»�w ~ãl� fh°£nuh xUjiyáwªj tH¡f¿P®. òu£á¡fhu�. ï�D« brh�y¥nghdh�,nrFntuhÉ� th®¤ijfË� brh�tjhdh�, vâÇfis eLeL§fit¡f¡Toa ãrhnrh Vnjh x�W ~ãl� fh°£nuhîl� vªj neuK«ïU¡»wJ v�W F¿¥ã£lhnu nrFntuh, mªj ~ãl� fh°£nuh.

kh�flh gil Kfhik¤ jh¡»aj�fhf¡ F�w« rh£l¥g£L mt�T©o� ÃW¤j¥gL»wh�. gf¤á§F¡F V�g£l mnj Ãiyikjh�mtD¡F«. Éy§F ó£l¥g£L áiwÆ� bfhLik Ãf�¤j¥gL»wJ.e�N£o mtid¡ bfh�tj�F¤ â£lÄL»wh®f�. m�WKj�ï�W tiu v¤jidnahKiw á.I.V.¡fhu®f� â£lÄ£lh®f�. mt�RU£L g�w it¥gt�. vdnt RU£o� e�ir¡ fy¡f nt©L«,czÉ� e�ir¡ fy¡f nt©L« v�W Ka�á¤jh®f�. áiwÆ�bfhL¥gij ~ãl� fh°£nuh rh¥ãLtnj »ilahJ. mnj áiwÆ�ïU¡»w ifâf� mtD¡F czî rik¤J¡ bfhL¥gh®f�. áiwÆ�tH§F« RU£il¥ ão¥gJ« »ilahJ. ïªj ÃiyikÆ�Úâk�w¤â�F¡ F¿¥ã£l ehË� tu nt©L«.

Mdh�, ~ãl� fh°£nuh bfh©L tu¥glÉ�iy. Úâgâ nf£»wh®v§nf ~ãl� fh°£nuh? �mt® eu«ò¤js®¢á neh� fhuzkhf gL¤jgL¡ifahf ïU¡»wh®. mt® ïªj Úâk�w¤â�F tu KoahJ. mt®ï�yhknyna tH¡if el¤jnt©L«� v�W muR t¡Ñ� brh�»wh®.

m¥bghGJ bk�gh v�»�w xU ïs«bg©, �fd« Úâgâ mt®fns�v�W Fu� bfhL¡»wh�. âL¡»£L¤ âU«ã¥ gh®¡»wJ Úâk�w«mªj¥ bg©kÂia. mt� jiy¡bfh©il¡F c�ns ïUªJ xUfoj¤ij btËna vL¡»wh�. mJ áiw¢rhiy¡F� ïUªJufáakhf ~ãl� fh°£nuh Úâgâ¡F mD¥ã it¤j foj«. �ïnjhïªj¡ foj¤ij¥ ghU§f�. ïJ ~ãl� fh°£nuh mD¥ã ïU¡»wfoj«� v�»wh�.

mªj¡ foj¤ij¥ go¡»wh®. �v�id¢ áiw¢rhiy¡F�nsnabfh�W xÊ¥gj�F râ¤â£l« Ô£o ïU¡»wh®f�. eh� Rfkhf¤jh�ïU¡»nw�. eh� eykhf¤jh� ïU¡»nw�. v�id Úâk�w¤â�FtuÉlhk� Kl¡F»wh®f�� v�W vGâ ïUªjh®. Úâk�w¤â�F¡bfh©L tu¢brh�»wh® Úâgâ. bfh©L tu¥gL»wh® fh°£nuh.Mnwfh� mo cau«. M#hDghFthd¤ njh�w«, mHfhd¤ njh�w«.

itnfh 31

ï�iw¡F« mHfhd¤ njh�w«jh�. ïu©L iffËY« Éy§F.khåu� ~ãl� fh°£nuh, ïu©L iffisí« ö¡»¥ ão¤jthWnf£»wh® �ïJjh� Úâk�wkh? ïJjh� v§fS¡F tH§f¥gL»wÚâah? ifÉy§»£L¤jh� v�id ÃW¤Jå®fsh?�

ahU« vâ®gh®¡fÉ�iy. Úâgâ Éy§Ffis mf�w¢ brh�»wh®.

tH¡Fk�w¤â� tH¡F elªJ Ô®¥ò tH§f¥gL»wJ. uh� fh°£nuhc�Ë£lt®fS¡F 13 M©Lf�. áyU¡F 10 M©Lf�. áyU¡F 7M©Lf�. ~ãl� fh°£nuhî¡F k£L« jÅ Érhuiz. Û©L«jÅahf ÉrhÇ¡F«nghJjh�, tuyh�W¢áw¥òÄ¡f thj¤ij vL¤Jit¤J, �tuyhW v�id ÉLÉ¡F«� v�W KH§»dh®. neu« fUâmªj m�òjkhd thj¤ij v�yh« brh�y KoaÉ�iy. obu�y®gh®¤jh� Û⤠âiu¥gl¤ij v�yh« gh®¡f ÉU«òtij¥nghy,ïisP®fns goí§f�. ~ãl� fh°£nuhÉ� thj¤âwikia¥goí§f�. mâ� ïU¡f¡Toa cÆnuh£l« c�s ÉLjiycz®¢áia¥ goí§f�.

mj�F¥ãwF ~ãl� fh°£nuhî¡F 15 M©Lf� áiw¤j©lidm¿É¡»wh®f�. mij¡ nf£L¥ ò�KWtnyhL btËna tU»wh®.m¥nghJ mtuUnf br�W fhty®f� Éy§F nghl¤ ja§F»wh®f�.Vbd�wh� KjÈ� Éy§F ngh£lnghJ mij¤ ö¡»¡fh£o,ïnjhL eh� Ã�f nt©Lkh? v�W nf£lt® MÆ�nw.

vdnt, âU«g Éy§Fnghl¤ ja§»anghJ, �v� ïs« e©gnd,ï§nf th Éy§if¥ ó£L, v� if¡fofhu« cilªJÉlhk�� v�WáǤJ¡bfh©nl brh�»wh®. mtiu¡bfh©L br�»wh®f�. mj�F¥ãwF FW»a fhy¤âny ÉLjiy bg�W btËna tU»wh®. òu£áiael¤J»wh®, »ôghit ÉLÉ¡»wh®. cyf« mâra¤j¡f Éj¤â�ï�wsî¡F« ~ãl� fh°£nuhÉ� Úâk�w ciu, ÉLjiycz®ths®fS¡F v�yh« áÈ®¥ò C£o¡bfh©L ïU¡»wJ.

Úâk�w¤â� be�r� k©nlyh

ïnj cz®îf�jh� be�r� k©nlhyhî¡F ïUªjJ. mJ xUÚâk�w« 1964 M« M©L #]� khj« 11 M« njâ, mªjÚâk�w¤â� be�r� k©nlyh ÃW¤j¥gL»wh®. mtUila jhah®k�W« kidÉ tªJ ïU¡»wh®f�. br�t« ÄFªj ghu«gÇa¡FL«g¤â� ãwªjt® be�r� k©nlyh. åuÔu guhk¡»uk¢

tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�32

bra�fis mt®f� K�ndh®f� mªj k©Â� br�J ïU¡»wh®f�.mtiu¥ bg�w jhí« beLªbjhiyî gaz« br�J Úâk�w¤â�FtªJ ïU¡»wh®. m¥bghGJ v�nyhU« â£lÄ£L, tH¡f¿PU¡F¥gâyhf ï�iw¡F be�r� k©nlyhnt mtUila ju¥ò thj¤ijvL¤J it¥gJ v�W Koî vL¡»wh®f�.

é� 11 M« njâ mt® j� ju¥ò thj¤ij vL¤J it¡»wh®. m¥nghJbrh�»wh®. � I am Nelson Mandala. I am the first accused. eh� ïªjtH¡»� Kj� ãuâthâ. v� ÛJ F�w¢rh£L, eh� ïuh#Jnuhf«br�nj� v�W. eh� mij¢ br�aÉ�iy. Mdh�, òu£á¡F eh�â£lÄ£nl�. t�Kiw ÛJ bfh©l fhjyh�m�y. bt�is Ãw¤Jk¡f�, v� ïdk¡fis¡ bfhLik¥gL¤â moik¥gL¤â it¤JïU¡»wh®fns, mªj moik Éy§Ffis cil¥gj�F¤â£lÄ£lJ c©ik. eh� #dehaf cz®it¡ bfh�iffis¥ngh�W»nw�. v�nyhU« rk¤Jt¤njhL thH nt©L« v�Wca®ªj c�djkhd nfh£gh£il neá¡»nw�. mªj¡nfh£gh£L¡fhf eh� rhf¤ jauhf ïU¡»nw�� ïJ Úâk�w¤â�be�r� k©nlyh brh�d th®¤ijf�.

Úâk�w¤â� F�wthË v�W Ô®¥ò mˤjhY«, v�d j©lidv�W ehis¡F m¿É¡f¥gL« v�W Úâgâ brh�»wh®.áiw¢rhiy¡F tU»wh®. ehis¡F kuzj©lid v�W mt® vâ®gh®¡»wh®. ïij mtnu ilÇÆ� vGJ»wh®. kuz¤â�F¤ jahuhfcWâahf ïU. kuzkhdhY« th�tjhdhY« mJ â¤â¥ghfntïU¡F« v�W nõ¡°ãaÇ� th®¤ijfis vGâ it¡»wh®.

kWeh� Úâk�w¤â�F¢ br�»wh®. bgU§T£l«. v�nyhU« KH¡f«vG¥ò»wh®f�. �Úâk�w¤â� nfhõ« nghl¡TlhJ� v�»wh® Úâgâ.Úâgâ¡F, F�wthË Kf¤ij¥ gh®¡fnt J¢r� ï�iy. be�r�k©nlyh brh�»wh® v� Kf¤ij¥ gh®¡fnt ÉU«gÉ�iy Úâgâ.Ô®¥ig thá¡»wh®. jd¡F kuzj©lidjh� v�W vâ®gh®¤JïU¡»wh® k©nlyh. m¥bghGJ Úâgâ brh�»wh®, �Mí� j©lid�v�W.

Úâk�w¤â� xnu KQKQ¥ò« r¤jKkhf Úâgâ T¿aJ mt®f�fhâ� rÇahf ÉHÉ�iy. m¥bghGJ xUt® vGªJ Ã�W brh�dh®‘Life, not death’ kuz« ï�iy v�»wh®. mªj¡ fh£áiat®Â¤JÉ£L, mt® eh� kdk»�¢ánahL br�»nw� v�»wh®.

itnfh 33

nt©lh« tH¡F ehlf«

Úâk�w¤â� j©lidia¥ bg�W kdk»�¢ánahL br�wkhkÅj®fS� xUt®jh� jªij bgÇah®.

1938 M« M©L or«g® khj« 6 M« njâ. br�idÆ� #h®{ lî©nghÈ°. 4 MtJ nfh®£. ïªâ Mâ¡f¤ij v⮤J¥ ngh®òǪj jªijbgÇah® ÛJ tH¡F. ïªj k© jªj khkÅj®, r® V.o.g�Ü®br�tK«,uh#h r® K¤ijah br£oahU« e�y tH¡f¿Piu it¤Jthjhodh®f�. bgÇah® kW¡»wh®. �xU t¡ÑY« nt©lh« eh�gh®¤J¡ bfh�»nw�� v�»wh®. mt® brh�dij v�yh« brh�tj�Fneu« ï�iy. buh«g¡ fLikahf¢ brh�»wh®. V� nt©oaJ ï�iyv�gj�F v�yh« mUikahd És¡f§f� jU»wh®.

Úâk�w¤J¡F tU»wh®. Úâgâia¥ gh®¤J¢ brh�»wh®:�fd«nfh®£lh® mt®fns, vj�F neu¤ij åzh¡F»Ö®f�? Ú§f� âU¥âmil»wt©z«, kªâÇkh®f� âU¥â mil»wtiu¡F«, v�tsîmâfg£r¤ j©lid ju Koínkh m�tsî mâfg£r¤j©lidiaí«, gÊth§F« cz®¢á¡F¤ âU¥â¡F v�tsîjh�ªj tF¥ò áiw¢rhiy tF¥ò ju Koínkh m�tsî jh�ªjtF¥igí« vd¡F¡ bfhL§f�. v�tsî Ãahakhd ïy£áa¤ijmila nt©LkhdhY« mj�fhf fZleZl§f� milj� v�D«Éiy bfhL¡f nt©L«. ïªj Érhuiz ehlf¤ij clnd Ko¤JÉL§f�� v�»wh®.

v�d th®¤ijf�?v¤jifa J¢r�?

áiw¡F m�rh¢ á§f«

Úâgâ ïu©L M©L fL§fht� j©lid, ïu©L MÆu« %gh�mguhj« f£l¤ jt¿dh� nkY« Xuh©L fL§fht� Mf, _�WM©L fL§fht� jªijbgÇahU¡F.

clnd midtU« ftiynahL mG»wh®f�. bgÇahnuh, rh�itiacj¿¤njhË� ngh£lgo á§f« nghy bgÇah® áǤJ¡bfh©nlbtËna tU»w fh£áia¥ gh®¡»wh®f�. á§f« m�yth? v�nyhU«ftiy¥gL»wh®f�. Mdh�, bgÇahnuh, �áiw¢rhiy tªJÉ£lJ_�W M©Lf� _�W M©Lf�� v�W áǤJ¡bfh©nl ngh»wh®bgÇah®.

tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�34

_�W eh£f� fʤJ, or«g® 9 M« njâ etr¡â g¤âÇifÆ�,jÄ�¤bj�w�, njáathâ, Mya tÊgh£o� e«ã¡if¡ bfh©l,âUKUf tÊghL br�j âU.É.f. jiya§f« vGJ»wh®. �ïªj¤jÄHf¤â� ehyh¤âirfËY« R�¿¢R�¿ X�î ï�¿¢ RH�W,åuf®#id òǪJ tªj mªj¡ »H¢á§f«, ï¥nghJ áiwÆ� X�îbg�W ïU¡»wJ. áiwÆ� jiyÃÄ®ªJ »l¡»wJ� v�W vGâdh®.

bg�yhÇ áiw¡F kh�w¥gL»wh® bgÇah®. IªjhW khj« fʤJ muRÉLÉ¡»wJ. _�wh©L¡ fhy« áiw v�»wnghJ mâfg£rj©lid bfhL§f� v�W bgÇah® nf£lij¥nghynt, kfh¤khfhªâ nf£lh®, be�r� kh©nlyh nf£lh®.

m©zhÉ� tiuaiw

�r£l« xU ïU£liw;t¡ÑÈ� thj« xU És¡F. mJ ViHfS¡F¡»il¥gJ ï�iy� v�wh® ngu¿P® m©zh. mtU« xUÚâk�w¤ij¡ fh£L»wh®. gy ïy¡»athâf� gil¡fhjijbg®dh£õh gil¡fhjij m�òjkhf¥ gil¡»wh® m©zh.

ï§nf T©o� ÃW¤j¥gL»wt� ah®? fhÉa« vGâa gil¥ghËnjuGªöÇ� ãwªjt�, e«k C®¡fhu® f«g�. F�wthË¡T©o�f«g®. F�w« rh£LtJ ah®? ïy§if ntªj� ïuhtz�. Úânjt�m§nf ïU¡»wh®. Úâ njtD¡F K�dh� m©zhF�w¢rh£L¡fis¤ bjhL¡»wh®.

ïu¡f« ï�yhj mu¡f� v�Önu, ehdh ïu¡f« ï�yhjt�? v�WtÇirahf¡ nf�Éfis¡ nf£»wh� ïuhtz�. mij¡nf£l Úânjt� ka¡f« milªJ ÉG»wh®. T©o� ÃW¤j¥g£l f«g®ïlW»wh®. nfhiy¥ão¤J¡ bfh©L ngh»wh®. ï¥go xUïy¡»a¤â� Tl, jdJ fU¤ij xU tH¡f¿P® _ykhf¢ brh�Y«t�yikí« M�wY« ngu¿P® bgUªjif m©zh mt®fS¡FïUªjJ.

btÅ° efu tÂf�

ïnjngh�w xU fh£áia nõ¡°ãa® jU»wh®. buh«g¢ Ritahdfh£á. btÅ° efu¤â� ïU¡F« xU ôj®. mt� bga®m©nlhÅnah. f¥g� f«bgÅ¡F¢ brhªj¡fhu�. mtÅl« Ãiwaf¥g� ïU¡»wJ. mt� btËehLfS¡F mD¥ãa f¥g�fË� áyf¥g�f� _�» É£ld. bgU¤j e£l«. iõy¡ v�gtÅl«, 3000

itnfh 35

Èuh fl� th§» ïU¡»wh�. F¿¥ã£l¤ njâÆ� gz¤ij¤âU¥ã¡ bfhL¡fhÉ£lh�, mj�F <lhf, mªnjhÅnahÉ�ïUja¤ij bt£o¡ bfhL¡f nt©L« v�gJ Ãgªjid v�Wneh£o� vGâ th§» ïU¡»wh� fªJ t£o¡fhu� iõy¡.

F¿¥ã£l¤ njâÆ� mªnjhÂahth� gz¤ij¤ âU¥ã¡ bfhL¡fKoaÉ�iy. jtiz flªJ É£lJ. 3000 bfhL¡fhjjh� ïja¤ijbt£o¡ bfhL¡f nt©L«. ftiynahL ïU¡»wh�. m¥nghJ,ïtDila e©g� iõy¡»l« br�W, eh� 6000 bfhL¡»nw�.mªnjhÂnahit É£LÉL� v�»wh�. mj�F iõy¡ brh�»wh�Ú 6 kl§F bfhL¤jhY« rÇ 36000 bfhL¤jhY« rÇ, mJ vd¡F¤njit ï�iy. x¥gªj¤â� brh�dgo, mªnjhÂnah mtDilaïUja¤ij bt£o¤ ju nt©L« v�»wh�.

ntW tÊ ï�iy. tH¡F Úâk�w¤J¡F¢ br�»wJ. btÅ°efu¤â� á�wur®, Úâgâ M»wh®. mt® brh�»wh®. �xU òf� bg�wtH¡f¿P® ïªj tH¡if K�Å�W el¤Jth®. mt®jh� ïªjtH¡»� Ô®¥ò mË¥gh®� v�»wh®. m¥nghJ xU ïs« tH¡f¿P®tU»wh®. Úâk�w« ToaJ.

iry¡ ïU¡»wh®. ïs« tH¡f¿P® nf£»wh®. ïja¤ijbt£Ltj�F¤ juhR bfh©L tªÔ®fsh? v�»wh®.

clnd ït�, �mbj�yh« rÇahf bfh©L tªJ É£nl�� v�»wh�.

clnd ïs« tH¡f¿P® brh�»wh®. �rÇjh�. Vbd�wh�, ïja¤ijbt£L«nghJ bfh�r« Tl mâfkhfî« Fiwthfî« bt£o Él¡TlhJ. kU¤Jt®fS« tªJ ïU¡»wh®fsh? v�yh« jahuh?

�jah®� v�»wh�.

iry¡ brh�»wh�: �v�d mUikahd tH¡f¿P®. ïja¤ij bt£lnt©L« v�gij KjÈnyna brh�È É£lhnu, e« g¤âu¤â�m�thWjhnd ïU¡»wJ� v�»wh�.

mL¤J t¡Ñ� brh�»wh®:ïja¤ij bt£L§f�. ïja¤ij k£L«jh� bt£lnt©L«. xU gî©L ïja¤ij bt£l nt©L«. m¥goÚ bt£L«nghJ, xU brh£L ïu¤j«Tl¢ áªj¡TlhJ. c� neh£o�v�d vGâ ïU¡»wJ. ïja¤ij k£L«jh� bt£Lnt� v�W

tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�36

ïU¡»wJ. mj�go ïja¤ij bt£o¡ bfh�syh«. Mdh�, xUbrh£L¡ FUâ Tl ÑnH áªj¡ TlhJ� v�»wh�.

mªj eh£L¢ r£l¥go, ahUila cÆU¡fhtJ Mg¤J V�g£lh�,Mg¤J V�gL¤âatÇ� brh¤Jf� bkh¤jkhf¥ g¿Kj� br�a¥gL«.xU brh£L ïu¤j« áªâdhY« rÇ, c� brh¤Jf� bkh¤jkhf¥g¿Kj� br�a¥gL«. ïªj eh£L¢ r£l« bjÇí« m�yth? v�»wh®ïs« tH¡f¿P®.

clnd iry¡ TW»wh�: �ï�iy vd¡F ïu©L kl§F gz¤ij¡bfhL¤JÉ£lh�, eh� ngh�ÉL»nw�� v�»wh®.

mj�F ït®, �mbj�yh« KoahJ� v�wîl�, iry¡ mriyahtJbfhL¤J Mis ÉL§f� v�»wh®. ïs« tH¡f¿Pnuh mbj�yh«KoahJ. brh�dgo ïja¤ij bt£o vL¤J¡bfh� v�»wh®.

ntW tÊ ï�iy. filáÆ� mªj Úâk�w« M©lÅÆ� cÆU¡nfït� â£lÄ£ljhf F�w«rh£o, iõy¡»� brh¤Jf� KGikahfg¿Kj� br�a¥gL« - ghâ brh¤J m©nlÅahî¡F - Ûâ brh¤Jf�muR¡F v�W m¿É¡»wJ.

M©nlÅah brh�»wh�. vd¡F¢ brh�y¥gL»w mªj¥ ghâ¢brh¤ijí« iry¡nf it¤J¡ bfh�s£L« v�»wh�. ïJnõ¡°ãa® vGâa btÅ° efu tÂf� (Merchant of Venice) ehlf«.ïâ� ïs« tH¡f¿Puhf tªjt� ah® v�wh�? M©nlÅahe©gÅ� fhjÈ ngh®Îah v�w bg©jh�, M© ntl¤â� tªJthjhoajhf nõ¡°ãa® vGâ ïUªjh®.

tH¡f¿PÇ� t�yik

vdnt, t¡Ñiy it¤J¤jh� nf°. v�tsî mUikahf n#ho¤JïUªjhY«Tl mâY« VjhtJ xU X£il ïU¡F«. mij¡f©Lão¤J thjhLgt®f�jh� bgÇa t¡Ñ�. v�tsî bgÇanf[hf ïUªjhY«, v�tsî bgÇa âUldhf ïUªjhY« F�w¤ij¢br�í«nghJ jla¤ij É£LÉ£L¤jh� nghth� v�WòuhÌ»ôõ� brh�»wJ. v�tsî bgÇa bf£o¡fhudhf ïUªjhY«F�w¤ij¢ br�í«nghJ jla¤ijÉ£L É£L¤jh� nghth�v�gJnghy v�tsî bgÇa òuhá»ô£luhf ïUªjhY«, n#ho¡F«tH¡»� VjhtJ xU X£il ïU¡f¤jh� br�í«. mij¥ gh®¤Jmo¤J cil¤J nfi[¤ jf®¥gJjh� tH¡f¿PÇ� t�yik.

itnfh 37

mkhthir ïuÉ� bfhiy

ïnjngh�W xU tH¡F mbkÇ¡fh eh£o� ï�Èdh� khÃy¤â�.mªj tH¡»� F�w« v�dbt�wh�, F�w« rh£l¥g£ltD« mt�e©gD« xU eh� kJ mUªâÉ£L elªJ tU»wnghJ vânu tªjxUtid mt®f� ïU«ò cnyhf cU©ilia it¤J mo¤J¡bfh�W É£lh®f�. mj�fhf mtD¡F kuzj©lid Éâ¡f¥gL«v�W áiw¡bfh£loÆ� mil¡f¥g£L ïU¡»wh�.

ïªj¢ br�âia¥ g¤âÇifÆ� go¡»wh® xU tH¡f¿P®. mªj¥bgaiu¥ kh¤âu¤â� iffh� eL§F»wh®. v� cÆuhd e©g®M«°£uh§ m�yth? mt� ïwªJ É£lh�. mt� kf� m�ythï¥go kuz j©lidia vâ®gh®¤J¢ áiwÆ� ïU¡»wh� v�WFâiuÆ� V¿, j� e©g� kidÉ Éjitia gh®¡f¥ngh»wh�.mt� mG»wh�.

�v� xnu kf� kuz j©lidia vâ®gh®¤J ïU¡»wh�. tH¡Fel¤j v�Ål« gz« ï�iy Iah� v�»wh�. clnd tH¡f¿P®, �Úf£lz« vJî« ju nt©lh«. gz« ï�iy v�Wftiy¥glnt©lh«. eh� mªj tH¡if el¤J»nw�� v�W tªjh®.mt®jh� Mãufh« ȧf�. mªj tH¡if el¤J»wh®.

Úâk�w¤â� FW¡F Érhuiz. bfhiy elªjjhf¢ brh�y¥g£lïuÉ�, M«°£uh§ kf� É�Èa« M«°£uh§F« mt� e©gD«tU»wnghJ, vânu xUt� tªjjhfî«, cnyhf cU©iliait¤J mo¤jjhfî«, mt� f©iz¤ jh¡» mj� fhuzkhf _�Weh£f� fʤJ mt� ïwªjjhfî« tH¡F.

rh£á¡ T©o� rh£áia ÃW¤J»wh® Mãufh« ȧf�.

Ú§f� neuoahf r«gt¤ij¥ gh®¤Ô®fsh?

�M« gh®¤nj�.�

ïuî neu«. v¥go¥ gh®¤Ô®f�?

�eh� Ãyh btË¢r¤â� mªj¡ bfhiyia¥ gh®¤nj�.�

m¥goah, e�y Ãyî btË¢r¤âyh gh®¤Ô®f�?

Mkh« gh®¤nj�.

rÇ Ú§f�nghfyh«.

g�rh§f¤ij¡ bfh©L tU»wh®.F¿¥ã£l ehË� Ãynt »ilahJ.

tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�38

m�iw¡F mkhthir. rh£á, bgh� rh£á brh�È ïU¡»wh® v�WMãufh« ȧf� brh�»wh®.

mL¤J F�wthË ju¥ò rh£áa¤ij¡ bfh©L tªJ ÃW¤J»wh®.mâ� ïªj r«gt« elªjj�F kWeh�jh� ïªj cnyhfcU©ilí« ftidí« mªj¥ gFâÆ� jtwhf É£LÉ£L¥nghdjhf mj� cÇikahs® xUt® brh�»wh®. ÃuguhâahdÉ�Èa«° M«°£uh§, Mãufh« ȧfÅ� thj¤ âwikÆdhnyÉLÉ¡f¥g£lh®.

Mãufh« ȧf� Äf¢áwªj tH¡f¿P®. mt® Úâk�w¤â�F¥nghdnghJ mtU¡F V�g£l mDgt¤ij¢ brh�»nw�.

°lh©l� v�»w mbkÇ¡f eh£o� òf�Ä¡f tH¡f¿P®Úâk�w¤â� ïU¡»wh®. m¥nghJ ȧf� #]Åa® yha®. òf�Ä¡ftH¡f¿PÇ� thj¤âwikia¥ gh®¤J Éaªjh®. v�d mUikahfthj§fis it¡»wh® v�W.

xU eh� xU tH¡»� Mãufh« ȧfÅ� ÓÅa® t¡Ñ� tuhk�, ït®vGªJ j� ju¥ò thj¤ij¢ brh�»wnghJ, mªj Úâgâ¡F K�dh�°lh©l� v�w tH¡f¿P® brh�»wh®. nf£lhny ntjidahfïU¡F« c§fS¡F mt® brh�»wh® �Úâgâ mt®fns I cannot standthe face of this ape kÅj¡ Fu§F ngh�w ïtDila Kf¤ij¥ gh®¡fvd¡F¢ r»¡fÉ�iy ïªj tH¡if eh� el¤j kh£nl� v�WÚâk�w¤â� brh�»wh®.

Mãufh« ȧfÅ� g©gh£il¥ ghU§f�. ïij¡ nf£L mt®nfhg¥glÉ�iy tU¤j¥glÉ�iy. mªj ïuÉ� tªJ j�eh£F¿¥ã� vGJ»wh® �°lh©lÅ� tH¡fhL« t�yik, mâ�ïUªJ eh� go¤J¤ bjǪJ bfh�s nt©L«. mªj thj¤ âwikiaeh� bfh�rkhtJ bgw nt©L«� v�W vGJ»wh®.

ït® ï¥go¥g£l ãw¥ã� ãwªjt® v�W m©zhÉ� ãw¥ig¥g�¿mªj th®¤ijfis ïªj òÅjkhd nkilÆ� ga�gL¤jÉU«gÉ�iy - mªj thrf§fis vGâ ngh®L it¤jh®f�. v§nffh�áòu¤â�. mt®j« j«ãkh®fË� ïja¤ij vÇkiyahfbto¡f¢ br�í« Äf ïÊthd th®¤ijf�. mj�F m©zhbrh�dh®, �M¤âu¥glhÔ®f�. xU bg£nuhnk¡° És¡if mj�g¡f¤â� it¤J, mj�F¡ ÑnH cga« fh�áòu« â.K.f. v�W

itnfh 39

vGJ§f�. v�nyhU« go¤J É£L¥ nghf£L«� v�wh®. ïJjh�g©ghL.

mf�thiu¤ jh§F« Ãy«nghy j«ikïf�th®¥ bghW¤j� jiy

v�wh® t�St®.

vªj °lh©l� ïªj kÅj¡Fu§F Kf¤ij¥ gh®¡f ÉU«gÉ�iyv�W brh�dhndh, mnj °lh©l� 1965 V¥u� 14 bt�Ë¡»Hikehlf¡ bfh£lifÆD� bfhiyfhu� #h� É�»° ó¤,if¤J¥gh¡»ah� R£L¡bfh�y, bfh�r« bfh�rkhf xUija�fhu� filÆ� Mãufh« ȧfÅ� cÆ® ãǪJbfh©LïUªjnj, mªj neu¤â� °lh©l� tªJ brh�dh�. br¤J¡bfh©L ïUªj Mãufh«È§fid¥ gh®¤J, �He belongs to ages. ït�íf§fS¡F¢ brhªj¡fhu�� v�W mnj t¡Ñ�, Mãufh« ȧfid¥gh®¤J¢ brh�dh�.

£bu£°fh£ tH¡F

mªj¡ fhyf£l¤â� mbkÇ¡fhÉ� v¥go Ú¡nuh¡f�bfhLik¥gL¤j¥g£lh®f� v�gj�F tH¡f¿P®fnsãuá¤â¥bg�w tH¡Fjh� £bu£°fh£ tH¡F. ïªj tH¡FÄf¡bfh^ukhd tH¡F. ïâ� Ô®¥ò mˤj nuh#® nlhÅ v�»�wmbkÇ¡f eh£o� c¢rÚâk�w¤â� jiyik Úâgâ v�d brh�dh®bjÇíkh?

�mbkÇ¡f muáa� r£l¤â� kÅj®fS¡fhf tH§f¥gL»wcÇikf� fU¥g®fS¡F¥ bghUªjhJ. mt®f� kÅj ïd¤ânynaï�iy mt®f� kÅj®fns m�y.�

ïJjh� Uncle Tom’s Cabin’ v�w üÈ� _y¡fUthÆ�W. mJjh�Mãufh« ȧfid¡ bfhâ¤J vH¢br�jJ. mªj¤ Ô®¥òjh�Ú¡nuh¡f� nghuh£l¤J¡F¡ fhuzkhÆ�W. 1863 #dtÇ 1 M« njâÚ¡nuh¡fS¡F ÉLjiy ãufld¤â� ifbaG¤J ï£lhnu Mãufh«È§f�.

th¡F cÇik¡fhf thj«

mnj mbkÇ¡fhÉ� ï�bdhU mUikahd tH¡F ïU¡»wJ.bg©f� j§f� cÇikfS¡F¥ v¥goba�yh« nghuhodh®f� v�gJ

tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�40

g�¿ xU tH¡F ïU¡»wJ. gyU¡F¤ bjÇahJ. m¥nghJ bg©fS¡Fth¡F cÇik »ilahJ. mj�fhf¥ nghuhoa bg©kÂjh� åu«ÄFªj Nr� m©lÅ.

mt® Ãôah®¡ efÇ� eilbg�w cyf¥ bg©f� kheh£L¡F¢ br�W,�mbkÇ¡fhÉ� bg©fS¡F X£L cÇik th§Ftj�fhf eh�nghuhLnt�� v�wh®. 1872 M« M©L et«g® 1 M« njâ. Ãíah®¡efu¤â� 5 M« njâ th¡F¥gâî. 1 M« njâna òâjhfth¡fhs®fshf¥ gâî br�»wt®f� br�Jbfh�syh« v�Wm¿É¥gî tU»wJ. Ko¤âU¤jf¤â� xU th¡F¢rhto ïU¡»wJ.Nr�M©l j� rnfhjÇf� 3 ngUl� ngh»wh®f�. mnjnghy I«gJbg©fis gy rhtofS¡F mD¥ò»wh®f�.

th¡F¢rhtofS¡F¢ br�W, �v�id th¡fhsuhf¥ gâî br�ant©L«� v�»wh®. m§nf ïU¡»w mâfhÇf� brh�»wh®,�bg©fS¡F X£L »ilahJ. v¥go c§f� th¡Ffis¥ gâîbr�tJ?� v�»wh®.

clnd mt� brh�»wh�: �muáa� r£l¤â� 17 MtJ ãÇÉ�goâU¤j¤â�go bg©fS« M©fS« rk« v�»wnghJ v§fS¡FX£L¡ »ilahJ v�W Ú v¥go¢ brh�yyh«?v�id¥ gâîbr�Jjh� Mf nt©L«� v�»wh®

kW¡»wh®f�. clnd mt�, �c� ÛJ »ÇÄd� tH¡F¥ nghLnt�.vd¡F c�s cÇikia kW¤J Ú X£L¥nghl¤ jL¤jh�, tH¡F¤bjhL¥ng�. j©lid tªjh� cd¡F¢ áiwí« ïU¡»wJ,mguhjK« ïU¡»wJ jahuh?� v�»wh�.

cl� mâfhÇ gaªJngh� nk� mâfhÇÆl« ÉrhÇ¡»wh�. mtD«gaªJ É£lh�. � rÇ, gâî br�J É£L¥ ngh§f�� v�wîl�, ïªj 4ngU« j§f� th¡Ffis¥ gâî br�»wh®f�. et«g® 5 M« njâX£L« ngh£lh®f�. g¤âÇiffË� br�â tªJÉ£lJ.r£lÉnuhjkhf ïªj X£il¥ gâî br�j mâfhÇfisí«, Nr�M©lÅiaí« ifJ br�a nt©L« v�W brh�È, Nr�M©lÅia¡ ifJbr�J T©o� ÃW¤J»wh®f�. ïJ buh«g¢Ritahd xU tH¡F.

1973 M« M©L ïªj tH¡F el¡»wJ - ÚâgâÆ� bga® A�£cÇikfis nt£ilahL»wt�. mt� brh�»wh�. 20 #]Çf�

itnfh 41

c£fh®ªJ ïU¡»wh®f� �ït® F�wthË v�W Ô®¥ò mË¥gj�F¤jahuhF§f�, mij vGJ§f�� v�»wh�.

m�W ïuî Nr� ilÇÆ� vGJ»wh®. ï¥go¥g£l bfhLik cy»�ïJtiu eilbg�wJ ï�iy. Úâ FÊnjh©o¥ òij¡f¥g£lJ.kWeh� Úâk�w¤â� ÃW¤j¥gL»wh®. Úâgâ nf£»wh®, �T©o�ÃW¤j¥g£l F�wthË, VjhtJ brh�tj�F ïU¡»wjh?� v�»wh®.

clnd mªj m«ikah®u TW»wh®:�Yes your honour. I have manythings to say. Ú§f� mˤj Ô®¥ò, #dehaf¤â� m¤jidbe¿fisí« FÊ njh©o¥ òij¤J É£O®f�. v� cÇikfisv�yh« g¿¤Ô®f�. v�id k£L« m�y. v� bg© ïd¤ijnamoik¥gL¤â É£O®f�. ïJ bfhLikahd Ô®¥ò� v�»wh�.

M©fsh� jahÇ¡f¥g£L, M©fsh� guhkÇ¡f¥g£L,M©fS¡fhfnt tH§f¥gL»w ïªj¢ r£l« bg©fS¡F vâuhdJ�v�»wh® Nr�.

j©lidia¡ Fiw¡f¢ brh�»Ö®fsh? v�W nf£»wh® Úâgâ.

�ïªj Úâk�w¤â� vd¡F¡ fUiz njit ï�iy. r£l¤â�v�tsî mâf j©lid bfhL¡f Koínkh bfhL§f�� v�wh®.filáÆ� btW« üW lhy®jh� mguhj« Éâ¤jh®f�. mªjmguhj¤ijí« mªj¥ bg©k brY¤j kW¤jh�. mt� ïwªJ 14M©Lf� fʤJ 1906 M« M©o� mbkÇ¡fhÉ� bg©fS¡Fth¡F cÇik bfhL¡f¥g£lJ.

Úâk�w¤â�F¢ br�W xU bg© j� X£L cÇikfS¡fhf¥nghuhL»wh�. ï¥go nghuhL»wt®f�jh� v§nf m¡»uk«elªjhY« mt®f� Úâk�w¤â� ÃW¤j¥gL»wh®f�.

Ehbu«g®¡ tH¡F

1945 ï� Ï£y® ïw¥gj�F ïu©L eh£fS¡F K�dh� mbkÇ¡f#dhâgâ %°£bt�£, �ngh®¡ F�w§fis ÉrhÇ¡f xU Úâk�w«mik¡f¥gl nt©L«. mj�F mbkÇ¡fhÉ� jiyik Úâgâïuhg®£ #h¡r� m¿É¡f¥gL»wh®.� v�wh®. r®¢á�, °lhÈ�,%°£bt�£ _tU« nr®ªJ, ãuh�° ehL« nr®ªJ, nfho¡fz¡fhdt®fË� rhî¡F¡ fhuzkhd ehÍ F�wthËfS¡FÉrhuiz k�w« mik¡f¥g£lJ.

tuyhW rªâ¤j tH¡Ff�42

kÅjFy tuyh�¿� v§bf�yh« cÇikf� mÊ¡f¥g£L¡bfh�y¥gL»wh®fnsh, mt®fS¡F r®tnjr¤â� Úâk�w§f�mik¡f¥gL«. Mfntjh�, filáÆ� Ï£y® j�bfhiy br�Jbfh©lh�, nfhag�° j�bfhiy br�J bfh©lh�.bfhLikfS¡F¡ fhuzkhf ïUªj nfhaǧ, kuzj©lidÉâ¡f¥g£L bfh£lo¡F¡ bfh©L br�y¥g£lh�.

�ïªj Mâ¡f¢ r¡âfS¡F v� cÆiu¤ jhiuth®¤J¡ bfhL¡f¤jahuhf ï�iy. v� cÆiu ït®fS¡F¤ ju ÉU«gÉ�iy v�W,fhtyhË gh®¤J¡ bfh©nl ïU¡f xU ÃÄl¤J¡F� raidLkh¤âiuia ÉG§» É£lh�. Xo tªJ nrhâ¡»wh®f�. cÆ® ãǪJÉ£lJ. ïJ Ehbu«g®¡ tH¡F k�w«.

‘No more Mylai’

1968 M« M©L V¥u� khj« 14 M« njâ Éa£ehÄ� �ikyh��v�w xU »uhk¤J¡F c�ns mbkÇ¡f ïuhQt« òFªjJ. 500 ng®mªj Ciu¢ nr®ªjt®f� - mbkÇ¡f ïuhQt¤J¡F¤ jiyikjh§»¢ br�wt®fS� xUt� É�Èa« fhÈ.

�ï§nf Éa£eh« òu£á åu®f� ï�iy ï�iy� v�wh®f�. <îïu¡f« ï�yhk� R£L¡ bfh�wh�. taJ K⮪jt®fis,bg©fis, g¢ás« FHªijfis¢ R£L¡ bfh�wh�. ïu©L taJ¡FHªij j¥ã XL»wJ, mªj¡ FHªijia Xo¥ão¤J¤ ö¡»¥ngh£L¢ RL»wh�. bfh^ukhd fh£á. go¤jhny f©fË� FUâtoa¢ br�»w fh£á.

500 ngiu¡ bfh�wh®f� - mj�F¥ãwF mbkÇ¡f eh£o� kdrh£áÉʤJ¡ bfh©lJ 1971 M« M©L T©o� ÃW¤j¥g£lh�É�Èa« fhÈ. mt� brh¤Jf� g¿Kj� br�a¥g£L, rh»w tiuáiwÆ� mil¡f nt©L« v�W Úâk�w« Ô®¥ò jªjJ. ár�#dhâgâahf ïUªjh®. mtD¡F k�Å¥ò¤ jªJ btËna É£lh®.

mj�F¥ãwF v§nf ïuhQt¤ JU¥òf� nghdhY«, �No more Mylai’v�gJ tH¡fkh»¥ nghdJ.

ikyhÆ� eilbg�w bfhLikia¥ nghy¤jh� jÄ� <H¤âY«elªjJ.

itnfh 43

India’s Mylai

m¥ghɤ jÄH®f� m¥ghÉ¥ bg©f�, FHªijf� F�wk�wt®f�bfh�y¥g£lh®f�. åL ålhf¢br�W R£lh®f� fhÈ� k©oï£lt®fisí« R£lh®f� ïij vGâat�, �Times’ ïjÊ�br�âahs® nlÉ£ Aî°nfh. mt� vGâa f£Liu¡F¤ jiy¥ò‘India’s Mylai’ �ïªâahÉ� ikyh� - mJjh� t�bt£o¤Jiw.�

åLålhf¢ br�W ói# miw ïU¡»w jÄH� åLfË�, KUf� gl«ïU¡»w jÄH� åLfË�, m¥ghɤ jÄH® jÄH¢á ïU¡»w åLfË�ïuhQt¤ JU¥òf� J¥gh¡»¡ F©Lfis¡ bfh©LR£L¡bfh�wh®f�.

1993 et«g® 19 M« njâ ïªj Úâk�w¤â�F eh� tªnj�. eh�ï�iw¡F Û©L« nf£f ÉU«ò»nw�. F�wk�wt®f� ÛJj©lid bfhL¥gJ jtW. F�wk�w nfhty� cÆ® g¿¡f¥g£lJ.mJ xU åu fhÉa« MÆ�W.

I Accuse

xU jiyáwªj fht� Jiw mâfhÇ ïjidna R£o¡fh£o vGâdh®.M�g®£ £iug° v�gt� tH¡if¢ R£o¡fh£o vGâdh�. M�g®££iug° F�w« m�wt�. mt� ãbu�R eh£L¡F ôjFy¤â� ãwªjjsgâ. mt� b#®kÅa ïuhQt¤â�F¤ jftiy mD¥ãdh� v�wF�w¢rh£il¢ brh�È v°l®nAá v�»�w jsgâí«, bA�¿ v�wcgjsgâí« nr®ªJ mgh©lkhf¡ F�w¢rh£L¡fis¢Rk¤âdh®f�.

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(24.9.2007 m�W, j�rhñ® tH¡f¿P®f� k�w¤â�, �tuyhWrªâ¤j tH¡Ff�� v�w jiy¥ã� itnfh M�¿a ciu)

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044-2851 6565 / 66mUzȂ 9444 39 39 03

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