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Vanadium Market Trends
Citation preview
TSXV: LGO
Best Mining Deal
www.largoresources.com
Near Term VANADIUM Producer
Metal Pages Ferro Alloys Congress
November, 2013
Vanadium Market Trends
Metals and Mining Deal of the Year
TSXV: LGO
Forward Looking Statements
The information presented contains “forward-looking statements,” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and
“forward-looking information” under similar Canadian legislation, concerning the business, operations and financial performance and condition of the Company.
Forward-looking statements and forward-looking information include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to the estimation of mineral reserves and mineral
resources; the realization of mineral reserve estimates; the timing and amount of estimated future production; costs of production; metal prices and demand for
materials; capital expenditures; success of exploration and development activities; permitting time lines and permitting, mining or processing issues; government
regulation of mining operations; environmental risks; and title disputes or claims. Generally, forward-looking statements and forward-looking information can be
identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “plans,” “expects” or “does not expect,” “is expected,” “budget,” “scheduled,” “estimates,” “forecasts,”
“intends,” “anticipates” or “does not anticipate,” or “believes,”, “projects” or variations of such words and phrases or state that certain actions, events or results
“may,” “could,” “would,” “might” or “will be taken,” “occur” or “be achieved.” Forward-looking statements and forward-looking information are based on the opinions
and estimates of management as of the date such statements are made, and they are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may
cause the actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-
looking statements or forward-looking information, including, but not limited to, unexpected events during operations; variations in ore grade; risks inherent in the
mining industry; delay or failure to receive board approvals; timing and availability of external financing on acceptable terms; risks relating to international operations;
actual results of exploration activities; conclusions of economic valuations; changes in project parameters as plans continue to be refined; and fluctuating metal prices
and currency exchange rates. Although management of the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially
from those contained in forward-looking statements or forward-looking information, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated or
intended. There can be no assurance that such statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in
such statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and forward-looking information. The Company does not
undertake to update any forward-looking statements or forward-looking information that are incorporated by reference herein, except in accordance with applicable
securities laws.
Investors are advised that National Instrument 43-101 of the Canadian Securities Administrators requires that each category of mineral reserves and mineral resources
be reported separately. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.
Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Estimates of Measured, Indicated or Inferred Resources
The information presented uses the terms “measured,” “indicated” and “inferred” mineral resources. United States investors are advised that while such terms are
recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission does not recognize these terms. “Inferred mineral
resources” have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an
inferred mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of inferred mineral resources may not form the basis of
feasibility or other economic studies. United States investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of measured or indicated mineral resources will ever be
converted into mineral reserves. United States investors are also cautioned not to assume that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource exists, or is economically
or legally mineable.
2
TSXV: LGO
Vanadium – Overview
Most used alloy to strengthen steel
Significantly increases tensile strength
Resistant to: seismic, corrosion, abrasion
Proven process for separation
3
Steel’s Greatest Alloy
Makes steel stronger, tougher and lighter
Source: vanitec.org/Roskill, 2013
TSXV: LGO
Vanadium – a Strategic Alloy
4
2lbsV 1 Tonneof Steel =2X
Strength
Highest strength to weight ratio of any alloy
Source: vanitec.org
TSXV: LGO
Vanadium in Steel
5Source: Roskill, 2013
TSXV: LGO 6
• Rebar for construction
• Buildings, bridges, tunnels
• Automotive parts
• Pipelines
• Aviation and aerospace
• Power lines and power pylons
• Chemical plants, oil refineries, offshore-platforms
• Various tools and dies
• High strength steel structures
• Construction machinery and equipment
• Cast iron used for rolls in steel mills
Vanadium is Everywhere
Source: Vanitec
TSXV: LGO
Construction Drives Demand
7Source: Roskill, 2013 Source: Largo
Future growth for vanadium largely tied to global performance of the construction sector
Increasing use of high-strength steels in construction
Particularly for: infrastructure, building construction, energy, and transportation
Increase in construction spending in Asia, particularly China, will be main drivers
Despite weakness in global construction trends since
2008, vanadium demand has increased at 6.5% CAGR.
As economic recovery develops increase, further in
accretion in demand is expected.
Global Investment in infrastructure is expected to grow over the medium term.
Growth Rate (CAGR)
TSXV: LGO
Asia Driving Construction Growth
8
By 2020 Asian construction spending is
forecast at 46% of global – outstripping
European spending by 24%
Chinese construction sector will expand
between 4.5% - 7.5% between 2016 - 2021
Strongest construction spending growth
expected to be in China, followed by India and
Indonesia
Source: Roskill, 2013 Source: Vanitec
TSXV: LGO
China Infrastructure Growth
9
China: Investment in Infrastructure 2004 – 2011
Source: Roskill, 2013 Source: China National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)
TSXV: LGO
China/U.S. Construction Trends
10
China and USA: Forecast Growth in Construction 2012 - 2021
Source: Roskill, 2013 Source: Oxford Economics
China and USA: Forecast Growth in Construction
TSXV: LGO
China – Increasing Rebar Quality
11
The Chinese government has sought to promote
high strength rebar use in construction through
the implementation of the Code for Design and
Concrete Structures in 2010 and an Update on
the Code in 2011.
This policy seeks to restrict and gradually
eliminate the use of lower strength bars by 2015
and implement an increase in Vanadium content
in steel rebar.
12th Five-Year Plan has the following focus points:
reduction in energy use, slowdown in steel
production, value-added steel, and upgrading
technology.
(Global Steel 2013, Ernest&Younge)
TSXV: LGO
The Rebar Argument
12
“Vanadium-enhanced rebar provides buildings with the improved
structural support necessary to better withstand the higher
magnitude earthquakes so frequently seen in China,”
“It is extremely important that an earthquake-prone country like
China is well informed about the overall benefits of vanadium-
enhanced steel as it relates to the country’s seismic precautions
moving forward.”
-- Robert Glodowski, Director of Technical Services at East Metals North
America and a member of Vanitec.
http://www.asminternational.org
“…from the perspective of seismic performance system focused
on the high strain and low cycle fatigue resistance, V-
microalloyed rebar is much better than the tempcored rebar,
especially in terms of sensitivity of strain-aging, DBTT and cyclic
toughness.”
-- Sheng Guangmin, Lv Yukun, Zhan Suyu, Yu Mengshan
Comparative Investigation of Seismic Resistant Behaviors between Vanadium
Micro-Alloyed and Post-Rolling Tempcored Rebars
TSXV: LGO
China’s Growth Projections
13Source: Largo Source: Roskill 2013
Kg of Vanadium Used per Tonne of Steel by Region
Tota
l To
nn
es
by R
eg
ion
(V
2O
5 E
qu
iv.)
Projected Impact of China’s Increased Steel Standards
Actual Consumption 2010
Projection
Japan
Europe
China
TSXV: LGO
Recovery in Europe?
14
In 2006 European consumption of vanadium
totaled 30% of global demand
During 2006 – 2012 period consumption of
vanadium in Europe totaled 28% of demand
despite decline in steel output
indicating higher intensity usage of
vanadium/wider array of products containing
vanadium
Recovery of steel output in Europe could cause
significant increase in demand for vanadium
Source: Roskill, 2013 Source: Largo
TSXV: LGO
Vanadium Alloys in Aircraft
15
Aircraft usages presently accounts for 7% of
vanadium market and is growing rapidly
Demand projected to double by 2016
Aircraft manufacturers using increasing
amounts of titanium-vanadium alloy
Boeing's new 787 Dreamliner and the Airbus 380
each contain more than 100 tonnes of the alloy,
more than double that in a Boeing 747
Air traffic is forecast to double over the next 15
years
Source: Largo Source: www.asiaminer.com Source: TTP Squared
TSXV: LGO
Growth in Aircraft
16Source: Roskill, 2013 Source: Airline Monitor
TSXV: LGO
High Strength Steel in Automobiles
17
In 2013 VW announced plans to use new high-strength steel to make its cars lighter and also to comply with the strict emissions regulations.
VW chose to replace aluminum with light weight ones to make to improve fuel efficiency.
“VW…is giving up aluminum for the high tensile steel, which is up to six times stronger than conventional steel. The new material not only made the new Golf with about 100kg lighter, but also helped the company reduce costs.” (Reuters)
Volkswagen Lowering Costs and Increasing Efficiency
Ram’s 2013 3500 pickup 7,000 pounds additional towing capacity than previous version, all thanks to high-strength steel.
Ram Increasing Strength
In 2013 Ford announced that the F-150 pickup will soon be 250 to 750 pounds lighter. A recent study showed that the material is not only cheaper to use but also safer, the vehicles tested showing an outstanding crash performance.
Ford Reducing Weight
Source: www.autosteel.org
TSXV: LGO
Growth in Automotive
18
47%
22%
40%
78% 41%
12%
10%
50%
USA: Consumption Growth of High-Strength Steels in Automobiles %
Source: Roskill, 2013 Source: US Steel
TSXV: LGO
Supply is Concentrated
19
Largo to provide supply stability
Source: Roskill, 2013
China 70,000 Tonnes (V2O5 Equiv)
South Africa 35,000 Tonnes (V2O5 Equiv)
Russia 14,000 Tonnes (V2O5 Equiv)
Total Supply 127,000 Tonnes (V2O5 Equiv)
Total Demand 136,000 Tonnes (V2O5 Equiv)
*Tonnage calculated in V2O5 Equivalent
TSXV: LGO
Vanadium Pentoxide Pricing
20
$0.00
$5.00
$10.00
$15.00
$20.00
$25.00
$30.00
11 Year High & Low Vanadium Pricing
Low Price High Price
Historical Volatility Supply Disruptions
TSXV: LGO 21
Production in sight.
As at October 10, 2013
TSXV: LGO
Maracas – Ideal Location
22
Safe, mining friendly jurisdiction
Government and local support
Arid climate, ideal topography
Management with regional experience
Metals and Mining
Deal of the Year
Best Mining Deal
TSXV: LGO
Lowest Cost Producer
Open pit mining
At surface deposit
Highly magnetic ore
Few contaminants
Water leaching process
23
Ore provides better recoveries and reduces input costs
TSXV: LGO
Mineral Resources
24
0.83% V2O5
+2 Times Industry Average Grade
30.4 Million Tonnes
24.6 Million Tonnes
Gulcari “A” Deposit
TSXV: LGO
Quality Ore, Quality Product
*Average grade comparisons compiled by Les Ford, presentation March 8, 2011 25
Highest Grade/Quality Vanadium Deposit in the World
Ore V2O5% Concentrate SiO2%Concentrate V2O5%
Higher head-grade and higher iron content
Concentrate has much higher V2O5
Concentrate has fewer
contaminants like silica
TSXV: LGO
Production Profile
26
Phase 1(10,000 Tonnes Capacity)
Initial Ramp Up, Implementing Expansion & FeV Plant
Phase 2(15,000 Tonnes Capacity)
Expanded Production rates & FeV
TSXV: LGO
Future Expansion Potential
= Gulcari “A” Deposit (first 12 Years)
Maracás concessions
and strike length
27
TSXV: LGO
Strong Partners
Glencore International Plc.
Largest trader of Vanadium
Take-or-pay agreement
100% of all material produced
28
Off-take agreement
TSXV: LGO
Recent Construction Milestone
29
Commissioning of Crushing Circuit – October 2013
TSXV: LGO
Maracas Environment
30
Gulcari “A” Deposit and Open Pit
Concrete PlantMain Access RoadAdmin Facilities
Processing Plant
Crushing and Milling
TSXV: LGO
Maracas Deposit Outcrop
31
25 meters of ore at surface
150 meters
Magnetite(ore)
Gabbro (waste)
◦Dips at 65
TSXV: LGO
Maracas Plant Overview
32
Project as at September 16, 2013
TSXV: LGO
Conclusions
33
Trends in construction will result in
continued growth for high-strength steels
Increasing use of high-strength steels in
the automotive sector
Growing use of aluminum, vanadium,
titanium alloys in the construction of
aircraft
Demand for vanadium is increasing
Largo’s Maracas Project will provide stability of supply
TSXV: LGO 3434
LARGORESOURCES.COM
Darcie LaddBusiness Development Manager
416-861-9406
Mark BrennanPresident and CEO
416-861-9797
Largo Resources
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