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215-663-1296 (office) 215-663-1297 (fax)
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults
http://www.taylortraining.com
627 Boyer Road Cheltenham, PA 19012-1609
Las Reglas de Daniela Be fearless. Spanish speakers unlike speakers of some other languages,
appreciate a poorly executed attempt better than none at all. They are very forgiving and encouraging. The only drawback – you may find yourself with more “teachers” than you anticipated.
¡Si no lo sabe, invéntelo! Spanish and English have many words in common as a result of Latin influences. If you don’t know something, make it up and keep on going. Chances are it might be or sounds similar enough that the listener may know what you are trying to say.1
Take good notes! Everything counts in this class. Because it is an intensive course I am putting as much in as possible. If it looks like a passive exercise to practice grammar do not be fooled. It is an opportunity to slip more vocabulary in. (smile) If I spend time on it – it is important!
Step into your Spanish selves. Warm up, if necessary
Spanish is an expressive language where meaning comes from more than just the words you say, but also from the tone and other nonverbal cues.
Become an artist. Spanish is a beautiful language with which you can create beautiful portraits with words. First you have to learn the rules.
Spanish is a higher context language than English. Once a context is established pronouns maybe dropped or adjectives will act like nouns. (Pronombres página ¿?)
Word order is less important than in English. The general rule applies to adjectives and nouns. Unlike in English, Spanish adjectives come after the nouns they modify (the tall woman = la mujer alta).
Prepositions can be tricky. Think about the purpose of the prepositions, rather than their translations. (“I'm thinking about you” = pienso en ti – literally, “I am thinking on you”)
NEVER call a translator to help you with a client!
Learn the difference between an interpreter and a translator. Interpreters speak and translators write. A sight translation is orally translating into one language the written word in another.
I am not always right. And neither are native Speakers, books or websites.
We all have a history and experience that influences what we know about the language and how we may speak it – for better or worse. Even educated people don't always talk according to the rules. Although Spanish according to the rules will almost always be understood, it can lack the texture and sincerity of Spanish as it really is spoken. With some discretion2, feel free to imitate the Spanish you hear in real life.
www.wordreference.com A wonderful online resource for looking up words.
1 Remind me to talk about cognates AND to tell you about the Benadryl story. 2 Make sure I tell you about the time in Mexico I imitated the Spanish I heard in front of my teacher’s distinguished English student.
FALL 2007
627 Boyer Road Cheltenham, PA 19012-1609
(215) 663-1296 (215) 663-1297 Fax
VÁ M O N O S: IN T R O D U C T I O N T O SP A N I S H F O R AD U L T S Instructor: Daniela Taylor Davis Days & Times: Mondays 7:00 pm - 8:30 pm Phone: 215-663-1296 E-mail: [email protected] Web: spanish.taylortraining.com
Text: Customized Workbook
Course Description:
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults… is an opportunity to get your feet wet learning how to make small talk, order a meal, and ask how much those authentic crafts cost in a relaxed, stress-free environment. This class is for absolute novices. It is appropriate for people who have little to no exposure to the Spanish language. The course will focus on conversational exchanges and require active participation from the students. Specific vocabulary relevant to the students will be incorporated.
Course Objectives:
By the end of the course students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of conversational Spanish by:
• responding appropriately to simple questions, • constructing questions to satisfy everyday needs, and • carrying on brief conversations.
Expectations:
Be punctual. There will be a five-minute grace period at the beginning of each class for latecomers, but in fairness to those who are on time the lesson will begin promptly at 7:05. This is to ensure that you get the most out of the time for which you have paid.
Respect the learning atmosphere. Be respectful of one another. Speak one at a time and only for yourself. Everyone has an equal voice. Listen attentively and don’t interrupt. No sidebar conversations.
No eating in the classroom. This is to keep the room clean and your mouth free to habla, habla, y habla!
Help put the classroom in order before you leave.
We are grateful to those who provide the space so let us demonstrate our appreciation by using the space wisely.
Have fun. There should be lots of smiles and laughter in each class. It is the responsibility of each student to contribute to a comfortable, relaxed learning atmosphere. If you have not smiled at least once in every class you will not be permitted into the class until you rectify the situation.
http://www.taylortraining.com
CONTENIDOS
Human Scavenger Hunt........................................................................................................ 4
Guía de Pronunciación .......................................................................................................... 5
Practica con los Sonidos de Español ...................................................................................... 6
A Comenzar ......................................................................................................................... 7
Más Reglas de Pronunciación ................................................................................................ 8
Los Sonidos de Español ........................................................................................................ 9
Palabras de Cada Día ......................................................................................................... 10
La Búsqueda...................................................................................................................... 11
Antes de Comenzar ............................................................................................................ 12
Practica con las Frases Esenciales ....................................................................................... 14
Practica con los Pronombres ............................................................................................... 15
Guía a las Reglas................................................................................................................ 16
Practica con los Artículos .................................................................................................... 17
Los <No>s Y Los Plurales ................................................................................................... 18
Más Practica con Los <No>s Y Los Plurales ........................................................................ 19
Para Comer........................................................................................................................ 20
Viviendo la Idioma ............................................................................................................. 23
Atajos con los Verbos ......................................................................................................... 26
Los Verbos Importantes...................................................................................................... 27
Metiches I.......................................................................................................................... 28
Los Verbos Regulares ......................................................................................................... 29
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 3 Taylor Training & Development
Human Scavenger Hunt
Find someone who…
• Has tried to study Spanish before
• Knows how to greet someone in Spanish
• Has a family member who speaks Spanish fluently
• Has a Spanish speaking co-worker
• Is attending their first MALT class this evening
• Has visited a Spanish speaking country
• Is REALLY nervous about taking this class
• Studied Spanish a long, long time ago
• Speaks another foreign language fluently
• Loves learning new things
• Sucks at learning languages
• Knows how to say “thank you” in Spanish
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 4 Taylor Training & Development
Guía de Pronunciación
Vocales Vowels
a as in yacht ahora
e as in met elefante
i as in keep información
o as in open ocho
u as in tool usted
Los sonidos del español The Sounds of Spanish
c c as in cat OR s as in sip capitán / cigarro
g g as in go OR h as in hub guacamole / general
h silent, like k in know hombre
j h as in hip Julio
ll y as in yet pollo
ñ ny as in canyon señor
qu k as in kettle qué
rr the rolled r sound burro
v b as in baby OR v as in vase vez / vista
z s as in son zapato
Los demás (The Rest)
b bueno k* kilovatio n nada s sí
d dinero l loco p pronto t taco
f flan m mucho r toro x éxito
* In Spanish, the letters "k" and "w" are found only in foreign words. The "k" is pronounced like an English "k" without the puff of air. The "w" is pronounced like the "b/v" when it occurs between vowels. Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 5 Taylor Training & Development
Practica con los Sonidos de Español
abril April nariz nose
barco boat ñame yam
casa house océano ocean
difícil difficult pueblo town
excelente excellent queso cheese
flor flower radio radio
gato cat carro car
helado ice cream salsa sauce
interesante interesting teléfono telephone
jardín garden voz voice
kilo kilo xilófono xylophone
leche milk yerno son-in-law
más more zapatos shoes
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 6 Taylor Training & Development
A Comenzar Saludos Greetings
Hola. Hello.
Buenos días. Good Morning
Buenas tardes. Good Afternoon.
Buenas noches. Good Evening (Night).
¿Cómo está Ud.? How are you?
Estoy bien. ¿Y Ud.? I am fine. And you?
¿Cómo está él / ella? How is he/she?
Está bien. He/She is fine.
¿Cómo le va? How is it going?
¿Qué tal? How are you?
¿Cómo estamos? How are we?
¿Qué pasa? What’s happening?
Señor Don Mister (Lord)
Señora Doña Missus (Lady)
Señorita Miss Despedidas Goodbyes
Adiós. Goodbye.
Hasta pronto. Until soon. See you soon.
Hasta mañana. Until tomorrow. See you tomorrow.
Hasta luego. Until later. See you later.
Hasta la próxima. Until the next time.
Hasta la vista. Until we see each other. See you.
Nos vemos. We’ll see each other later. (See you later).
Qué le vaya bien. That all goes well for you. (formal)
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 7 Taylor Training & Development
Más Reglas de Pronunciación
A-E-I-O-U-N-S sope Mexican dish
taco taco limonada lemonade
plato plate nosotros we
botella bottle Carlos Caracas
measera waitress tostada flan fried corn tortilla
caldo soup Carmen Esteban
helado ice cream quizás maybe
Consonant ≠ N/S David Isabel
miel honey tomar to take/consume
cenar to eat dinner descansar to rest
desayunar to eat breakfast mujer woman
nuez nut tenedor fork
pastel pastry ciudad city
Accented fantástico fantastic
café coffee también also
película movie Verónica Inés César
música music árbol tree
jamón ham azúcar sugar
estación station televisión televisión
policía police menú menú
maíz corn acción action
artículo article guía guide
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 8 Taylor Training & Development
Los Sonidos de Español*
amigo fotografía
banana garaje
béisbol Gerardo
bistec gimnasio
burro gorila
carro huevo
Cecilia hombre
centro jipi
cerveza jonrón
cilantro líder
cinco de mayo loco
coco llama
colorado mañana
coyote millón
champú piña
chile con carne Paraguay
diccionario poquito
dieta quesadilla
doctor radio
dólar sartén
escuela televisión
esnob tequila
español tortilla
estudiante trabajo
Feliz Navidad uva
frijoles vino
* A number of English words have become common vocabulary in Spanish and vice versa. Often in Spanish, the spelling and pronunciation have been changed. English keeps the original spelling of most of the words it borrow from Spanish, but the pronunciation is changed. Many words are identical in Spanish and English both in spelling and in meaning. Only the pronunciation is different. Someties the Spanish word has an accent mark. Did you recognize any words on this page? Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 9 Taylor Training & Development
Palabras de Cada Día Sentimientos Feelings Más Sentimientos More Feelings
Así-así Enojado (a) Angry
Cansado (a) Disponible Available
Enfermo (a) Ocupado (a) Busy
Mal Confundido (a)
Mejor Emocionado (a) Excited
Peor Sorprendido (a) Surprised
Triste Preocupado (a) Worried Nombres Names
¿Cómo se llama Ud.? What is your name?
Me llamo… My name is…
¿Cómo se llama él / ella? What is his/her name?
Se llama… His/Her name is…
Soy… El / ella es… I am… He/She is…
Mi nombre es… Su nombre es… My name is… His/Her name is…
Mucho gusto. A pleasure. (Nice to meet you.)
Tanto gusto. Such a pleasure
El gusto es mío. The pleasure is mine.
Encantado. Delighted. (Enchanted.)
Orígen Origin
¿De dónde es Ud.? Where are you from?
Soy de… I am from…
¿De dónde es él / ella? Where is he/she from?
Él / ella es de… He/She is from…
¿Habla Ud. Español? Do you speak Spanish?
Hablo un poco. I speak a little.
¿Habla él / ella Español? Does he/she speak Spanish?
Él / ella habla más He/She speaks more.
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 10 Taylor Training & Development
La Búsqueda
¿Quién está …
• triste?
• enfermo?
• bien?
• contenta/feliz?
• así-así?
• enferma?
¿Quién es …
• de Nueva York?
• de Filadelfia?
• de otro país?
• de Germantown?
• de Mt. Airy?
• de otro parte de Filadelfia o fuera de Filadelfia (outside)?
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 11 Taylor Training & Development
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 12 Taylor Training & Development
Antes de Comenzar Cortesía Courtesy
Por favor. Gracias. Please. Thank you.
De nada. No hay de qué. You’re welcome. Not at all.
Con permiso. Perdón. Excuse me Excuse me
Disculpe. ¿Mande? Excuse me Excuse me?
Lo siento No se preocupe. I am sorry. Don’t worry.
No importa. That’s all right. (It’s not important). Palabras / Frases de cada día Everyday words / phrases
No sé. I don’t know.
¿Entiende? Understand?
No entiendo. I do not understand.
Más despacio, por favor. More slowly, please.
Estoy aprendiendo español. I am learning Spanish.
Gracias por su paciencia. Thanks for your patience.
Hablo poquito español. I speak a little Spanish.
¿Cómo se dice...? How do you say (it)?
¿Qué significa? What does it mean?
Otra vez,_________ Again, por favor.
Repita, por favor. Please repeat. Frases esenciales Essential phrases
¡Salud! ¡Buena suerte! Bless you! Good luck!
¡Feliz cumpleaños! ¡Felicitaciones! Happy birthday! Congratulations!
¡Qué bueno! ¡Qué lástima! That’s great! What a shame!
¡Qué chistoso! ¡Qué barbaridad! How funny! How awful!
¡Qué casa tan grande! ¡Qué casa! What a big house What a house!
¡Tal casa! ¡Tal viaje! Such a house! Such a trip!
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 13 Taylor Training & Development
Más frases esenciales More essential phrases
¿Me permite? ¡Pase! May I? Go ahead.
¿Se puede (ver)? ¿Listo? Can I (see it)? Ready?
Claro (que sí). ¿Cómo no? Sure. Of course! /Why not?
Pienso que sí. Pienso que no. I think so. I think not.
Creo que sí. Creo que no. I believe so. I do not believe so.
Quizás. Depende. Maybe. That depends.
Adelante. Más o menos. Come in. More or less. Aun más frases y palabras esenciales Even more essential phrases and words
También Tampoco Also, too Neither
Todavía Todavía no Yet, still Not yet
Ya (basta) (Enough) Already
Tal
Andele (pues).
So, such
Hurry up / Way to go (Anyway, So anyway / Goodbye / Let’s go)
Más Palabras / Frases de Cada Día More Everyday words / phrases
Muy Demasiado Very Too much
Más Menos More Less
Bastante Mucho Enough, plenty Much
Suficiente Enough, sufficient Prenombres Pronouns
Yo I
Tú You (informal)
Usted (Ud.) You (formal)
Él He (it, masc.)
Ella She (it, fem.)
Singu
lar
Nosotros We
Ustedes (Uds.) You (plural)
Ellos They (masc.)
Ellas They (fem.)
Plu
ral
Practica con las Frases Esenciales Cortesía
G 1. ¡Que lastima! A. Todavía no.
F 2. Mucho gusto. B. Nos vemos.
E 3. ¿Cómo está? C. Salud.
D 4. Gracias. D. De nada.
C 5. ¡Ah-choo! E. Bien. ¿Y Ud.?
B 6. Hasta luego. F. El gusto es mío.
A 7. ¿Listo? G. Lo siento. Aun más frases y palabras esenciales
E 1. No hablo mucho español. A. Yo tambien.
F / G 2. Más despacio, por favor. B. Yo no sé.
D 3. ¿Entiende? C. Again
G / F 4. Repita, por favor. D. No entiendo.
C 5. ¿Qué significa <otra vez>? E. Yo tampoco.
A 6. Ya estoy listo. F. Hablo poquito español.
B 7. ¿Cómo se dice <I don’t know>? G. Estoy aprendiendo español todavía.
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 14 Taylor Training & Development
Practica con los Pronombres
¿Qué son los pronombres?
we (all females) nosotros/nosotras
you (familiar singular) tú
you (familiar plural) ustedes
they (all females) ellas
you (formal singular) usted
they (all males) ellos
we (males and females) nosotros
they (male and females) ellos
you (formal plural) ustedes
he/she él / ella Hablando acerca de …
ellas Isabel, Alicia y Maribel ellos Alfredo y Gerardo
yo [Your name here] él Tomás
ella Beatriz usted [The stranger facing you]
ustedes [The group of known women facing you] ustedes
[The group of unknown men facing you]
tú [The friend facing you] nosotros [You and the girls]
nosotros [You and the group] nosotros [You and the boys]
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 15 Taylor Training & Development
Guía a las Reglas Los artículos indefinitivos The indefinite articles
un a/an (masculine, singular) un señor
una a/an (feminine, singular) una señora
unos some (masculine, plural) unos muchachos
unas some (feminine, plural) unas muchachas Los artículos definitivos The definite articles
el the (masculine, singular) el niño
la the (feminine, singular) la niña
los the (masculine, plural) los muchachos
las the (feminine, plural) las muchachas
Ayuda Help
Masculine L-O-N-E-R-S el papel the paper
foreign words el radio = radius/radium un libro a book
Greek & end in a el cuento = short story un tren a train
-ista (gender) *el agua, el aguila el viaje the trip
-eta (gender) el ama (lady of the house/ owner master) el color the color
el alma (soul) el lunes the Monday
Feminine D-IÓN-Z-A la verdad the truth
shortened versions la calle la lección the lesson
stressed a/ha* la radio (radio) una nariz a nose
la cuenta = bill una palabra a word
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 16 Taylor Training & Development
Practica con los Artículos Indefinitivos
A B
un amigo una vez
un bistec una luz
un burro una pared
un cinco de mayo una lección
una sopa una nariz
un jamón una mesa
una escuela una señora
un español una señorita
un/una estudiante un/una joven
un cáfe una mujer
una profesora un hombre Definitivos
A B
el helado el árbol
el/la policía el patio
el loco la casa
el mesero el gato
el profesor la gata
el libro el perro
el rodeo la perra
el suéter el nombre
la televisión la estación
la tortilla la amiga
el tren la acción
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 17 Taylor Training & Development
Los <No>s Y Los Plurales To make a Spanish statement or question negative, place <no> in front of the verb.
No estoy triste hoy. I am not sad today.
Ella no se llama Marisol. Se llama Isabel. Her name is not Marisol. Her name is Isabel.
¿No es Ud. de México? Aren’t you from Mexico?
No hablo español muy bien. I do not speak Spanish very well.
El Plural The Plural
A-E-I-O-U = S Consonant = ES
taco pan
sopa pastel
helado profesor
dulce lección
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 18 Taylor Training & Development
Más Practica con Los <No>s Y Los Plurales
Los opuestos...
1. Maria está muy feliz hoy. Maria no está muy feliz hoy. [Hoy significa <today>].
2. Hay muchos hombres en la clase. No hay muchos hombres en la clase.
3. Soy de México. No soy de México.
4. Él es rico. Él no es rico.
5. ¿Tiene Ud. un lápiz? ¿No tiene Ud. ni un lápiz?
6. Ella habla mucho español. Ella no habla mucho español.
7. Hoy significa <there is/ there are>. Hoy no significa <today>.
Hoy no significa <there is/ there are>. Hoy significa <today>.
8. Ellos están listos, pero yo no estoy listo. Ellos no están listos, pero yo estoy listo.
9. También. Tampoco.
10. Todavía no. Ya. Más artículos
deporte película tren
deportes películas trenes
blusa zapato mujer
blusas zapatos mujeres
suéter color lección
suéteres colores lecciones
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 19 Taylor Training & Development
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 20 Taylor Training & Development
Para Comer Cocinar Cooking
agregar to add
añadir to add
hornear to bake
batir to beat
hervir to boil
enfriar to chill
guisar to cook
cubrir to cover
cortar to cut
freír to fry
rallar to grate
calentar to heat up
mezclar to mix, to blend
pelar to peel
preparar to prepare
poner to put
servir to serve
agitar to shake, to stir La Preparacion
asado (al horno) baked / roasted
empanado breaded
escalfado poached
frito fried
guisado boiled
salteado sautéed
a la parrilla broiled / grilled
al vapor steamed
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 21 Taylor Training & Development
La Preparacion
agrio sour
dulce sweet
picante spicy
suave mild
caliente hot
frío cold
con hielo with ice
sin hielo without ice
poco asado rare
un poco rojo pero no crudo médium rare
a término medio médium well
bien asado well done Batería de cocina Kitchen Utensils
el rodillo rolling pin
el abrelatas can opener
el sacacorchos corkscrew
la batidora electric beaters
el recipiente generic cooking pot
el/la sartén frying pan
la olla pot
el molde baking pan
la olla de presión pressure cooker
el colador colander
el baño de María double broiler
el papel encerado wax paper
el papel de aluminio aluminum foil
el palillo de dientes toothpick
espátula spatula
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 22 Taylor Training & Development
Por la mesa By the table
la copa wineglass
el vaso (de agua / de vino) glass (water / wine)
el plato plate
el tazón bowl
el platillo saucer
la taza cup
el tenedor fork
la cuchara spoon
el cuchillo knife
la servilleta napkin
sal salero salt salt shaker
pimiento pimentero pepper pepper shaker
¿Me pasas (___)? Will you pass me ___?
Me falta I need; I am lacking
¿Me trae ___? Will you bring me ___?
(Le) traigo… I'm bringing (you)…
traer to bring
pedir to order, to ask for
cenar to eat dinner (to have dinner)
lo mismo the same thing
¡Buen provecho! Enjoy your meal!
¡Salud! Cheers!
sumar la cuenta to add up the bill
dar una propina to tip (to give a tip)
poner la mesa set the table
quitar la mesa clear the table
Viviendo la Idioma Modismos con tener Idiomatic expressions with “tener”
¿Qué tiene Ud.? What’s the matter?
Tengo hambre. I am hungry.
Tiene sed. You / he / she is thirsty.
Tiene frió. You / he / she is cold.
Tiene calor You / he / she is hot
Tiene sueño. You / he / she is sleepy
Tenemos miedo. We are afraid.
Tenemos éxito. We are successful.
Tienen suerte. You (pl.) / they are lucky.
Tienen razón. You (pl.) / they are right
No tienen razón. You (pl.) / they are wrong; not right Preguntas Questions
¿Qué? ¿Cuál? What? Which? (What?)
¿Cuándo? When?
¿Dónde? ¿Adónde? ¿De donde? Where? To where? From where?
¿Quién? ¿A quién? ¿De quién? Who? To whom? Whose?
¿Por qué? Porque… Why? Because…
¿Cómo? ¿Cuánto? ¿Cuántos? How? How much? How many? Palabritas Little words
en a (a + el = al) in, on, at to
para de (de + el = del) for of, from
con sin with without
y o pero and or but Los días The days
lunes martes miércoles Monday Tuesday Wednesday
jueves viernes sábado domingo Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 23 Taylor Training & Development
Mas días More days
El lunes On Monday
El martes próximo El miércoles pasado Next Tuesday Last Wednesday
Todos los sábados Menos los domingos Every Saturday Except Sundays
Hoy Está noche Today Tonight
Ayer Mañana Yesterday Tomorrow
Anteayer Pasado mañana The day before yesterday The day after tomorrow
Los Números quinientos 500
uno 1 veintiuno 21 seiscientos 600
dos 2 veintidós 22 setecientos 700
tres 3 veintitrés 23 ochocientos 800
cuatro 4 veinticuatro 24 novecientos 900
cinco 5 veinticinco 25 mil 1000
seis 6 veintiséis 26 ciento cinco 105
siete 7 veintisiete 27 doscientos treinta y cuatro 234
ocho 8 veintiocho 28 novecientos noventa y nueve 999
nueve 9 veintinueve 29 mil seis 1006
diez 10 treinta 30 cinco mil ochocientos ochenta y tres 5883
once 11 cuarenta 40 Ordinales
doce 12 cincuenta 50 primer(o, a) first
trece 13 sesenta 60 segundo (a) second
catorce 14 setenta 70 tercer(o, a) third
quince 15 ochenta 80 cuarto (a) fourth
dieciséis 16 noventa 90 quinto (a) fifth
diecisiete 17 cien 100 sexto (a) sixth
dieciocho 18 doscientos 200 séptimo (a) seventh
diecinueve 19 trescientos 300 octavo (a) eighth
veinte 20 cuatrocientos 400 noveno (a) ninth
décimo (a) tenth Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 24 Taylor Training & Development
Dinero Money
cuenta de banco, cuenta bancaria bank account
cuentas de cheques checking account
cuentas de ahorros savings account
número de cuenta account number
saldo de cuenta account balance
dólar dollar
monedas coins
giro (postal) money order (postal money order)
efectivo cash
cheques de viajero travelers checks
tarjeta de crédito credit card
tarjeta de débito debit card
símbolo Visa Visa symbol
los establecimientos establishments
cajeros automáticos, cajero electrónico ATM
clave personal / clave secreta / número de identificación personal /
personal identification number (personal code / secret code)
contraseña password
cargos mensuales monthly charges
recargo surcharge
recibo receipt
electrónicamente electronically
depósito directo direct deposit
automáticamente automatically
introducir / meter to insert
sacar to withdraw
depositar to deposit
transferir to transfrer
pagar to pay
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 25 Taylor Training & Development
Atajos con los Verbos Frases con verbos Verbs phrases
Necesito…/ Necesita... I need… / You / She need(s) to…
Tengo que... / Tiene que… I have to… / You have / She has to...
Puedo… / I can… / Can I…? (May I?)
Puede… You can… / Can you…? / He can… / Can he…?
Voy a… / Va a… I am going to… / You are / She is going to…
Vamos a... Let’s...
Acabo de… I just finished…
Favor de… Would you please...
¿Prefiere…? Do you prefer…?
Hay... There is / there are… Los Verbos + Infinitivos = Un Atajo Verbs + Infinitives = A Shortcut
Necesita visitar más. You need to visit more.
Tiene que comer bien You have to eat well.
Voy a ganar mañana. I am going to win tomorrow.
Use the verb phrases introduced earlier with the infinitive form of a verb as a shortcut to getting the conversation rolling.
Luckily for us there is only one conjugated verb in a sentence or phrase. For this construction we use the infinitive after the conjugated verb.
1. Tengo que hablar con el medico. I have to talk with the doctor.
2. Necesito salir para un ratito. I need to leave for a little while.
3. ¿Va a descansar? Are you going to rest?
4. ¿Puede cocinar está noche? Can you cook tonight?
5. Acabo de comer el caldo más delicioso. I just finished eating the most delicious soup.
6. Favor de escribir su nombre aquí. Would you please write your name here.
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 26 Taylor Training & Development
Los Verbos Importantes Verbos esenciales Essential verbs
preguntar to ask escuchar to listen
ser to be vivir to live
estar to be mirar to look at
llamar to call buscar to look for
venir to come perder to lose
cocinar to cook pasar to pass
hacer to do / make jugar to plan
beber to drink leer to read
tomar to drink / to take quedar to remain / stay
comer to eat descansar to rest
llenar to fill (out) / complete regresar to return
acabar to finish / end correr to run
seguir to follow ver to see
ganar to gain / to earn firmar to sign
dar to give dormir to sleep
ir to go estudiar to study
bajar to go down / put down / hablar to talk
tener to have decir to tell / say
haber to have (helping verb) entender to understand
oír to hear visitar to visit
saber to know esperar to wait
conocer to know caminar to walk
aprender to learn querer to want
salir to leave trabajar to work
dejar to leave / let escribir to write
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 27 Taylor Training & Development
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 28 Taylor Training & Development
Metiches I 1. What is your partner’s name?
2. How is your partner today?
3. Where is your partner from originally?
4. Does you partner speak Spanish?
5. How is your partner’s favorite meal prepared?
6. How does your partner prefer to pay for his/her meal at a restaurant?
7. What does your partner need to do today?
8. Other information about your partner?
¿Cómo se llam
a Ud.? / ¿Cómo está Ud.? / ¿D
e dónde es Ud. originalmente? / ¿H
abla Ud. español? / ¿Cóm
o hace su comida
favorita? / ¿Cómo paga U
d. al restaurante? / ¿Qué necesita hacer hoy? / ¿Adónde va a Ud. m
añana? / ¿Qué acaba de hacer
Ud.?
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 29 Taylor Training & Development
Los Verbos Regulares Verbs
Verbs in Spanish have two parts, a stem and an ending. The infinitive is the most basic form of the verb. It can be used not only as a verb but also as a noun*. There are only three types of infinitive endings –ar, –er, -ir.
When conjugating a regular verb, a new standardized ending is added to the unchanged stem. There are verbs whose stems undergo a spelling change during conjugation, and/or have irregular endings added.
Hablar To talk
Yo hablo I talk. Nosotros hablamos We talk.
Tú hablas You talk.
Ud. habla You talk.
Uds. hablan You talk.
Él / Ella habla He / She / It talks. Ellos / Ellas hablan They talk. Comer To Eat
Yo como I eat. Nosotros comemos We eat.
Tú comes You eat.
Ud. come You eat.
Uds. comen You eat.
Él / Ella come He / She / It eats. Ellos / Ellas comen They eat. Vivir To live
Yo vivo I live. Nosotros vivimos We live.
Tú vives You live.
Ud. vive You live.
Uds. viven You live.
Reg
ula
r V
erbs
Él / Ella vive He / She / It lives. Ellos / Ellas viven They live.
Verbs
In the present, 1st person singular always ends in –o, with the exception of these verbs: ir (voy), dar (doy), ser (soy), estar (estoy), saber (sé), and haber (hé).
* When used as a noun, the Spanish infinitive is always masculine and almost always singular. Like other nouns, it can be the subject of a sentence, a predicate nominative or the object of a verb or preposition.
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 30 Taylor Training & Development
Ser To be
Yo soy I am. Nosotros somos We are.
Tú eres You are.
Ud. es You are.
Uds. son You are.
Él / Ella es He / She / It is. Ellos / Ellas son They are. Estar To be
Yo estoy I am. Nosotros estamos We are.
Tú estás You are.
Ud. está You are.
Uds. están You are.
Ser
/ Es
tar
Él / Ella está He / She / It is. Ellos / Ellas están They are. Ser Estar
Used to identify a person, animal, a concept, a thing, or any noun.
Used to show the location of a person, animal, or thing. (to stay)
Esto es un lápiz. El lápiz está aquí.
Carmen es una estudiante. Carmen está en clase.
Used with a adjective to show that a characteristic is the norm for the noun; the essence of it.
Used with an adjective to show that the characteristic is a change or a condition; the state of it.
El helado es frió. El helado está caliente.
El azúcar es dulce. El azúcar está blanco.
Used with “de” to indicate origin, composition, aburrido boring bored possession.
cansado tiresome tired
Juanita es de Puerto Rico. divertido amusing, funny amused
Los cubitos son de madera. enfermo sickly sick
Los libros son de la maestra. listo sharp, shrewd,
clever ready
triste dull sad
vivo lively, alert, smart alive
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 31 Taylor Training & Development
El Día de los Muertos El Día de los Muertos, or All Souls' Day as it is called in English, is a day in which the ancient and modern embrace in Mexican culture. Sometimes translated literally as “The Day of the Dead,” there is nothing morbid or sad about this day of celebration and remembrance of the dear, but departed. El Día de los Muertos All Souls' Day
En qué mes estamos? What month is this?
Estamos en noviembre This is November.
Los días de la semana The days of the week
Cuál es la fecha de hoy? What is today's date?
Hoy es 2 de noviembre Today is November 2nd.
Cultura Los colores Culture The colors
Calaveras de azúcar La máscara de calavera Sugar skulls Skull mask
Flores Naranjas Flowers Oranges
Cañas Dulces Sugar canes Candies
El altar La ofrenda The altar The offering
La calaca La calavera The skeleton (colloquialism) The skull
Pan de muertos Flor de muertos All Souls' Day bread All Souls' Day flower alfenique a special confection used to fashion skulls, fruits and other figures.
angelitos the souls of the children who have died, literally "little angels"
atole an ancient drink made from corn meal and water flavored with various fruits.
calvera a skull, also a slang term for "daredevil"
calveras songs and poems about the festival
careta a face mask
cempazuchitl a yellow marigold, the symbol of death
copalli a scented resin used to make candles
mole a thick sauce made from a variety of ingredients including chilies, sesame seeds, herbs, spices, chocolate/fruit.
ofrenda an offering, refers to the goods set out on the altars
pan de los muertos bread of the dead
Receta para el Día de los Muertos
Pan de Muertos Bread for All Souls' Day
Una taza y medía de harina 1 1/2 cups of flour
Medía taza da azúcar 1/2 cup of sugar
Una cucharadita de sal 1 teaspoon of salt
Una cucharada de semillas de anís 1 tablespoon of anise seed
Dos paquetitos de levadura 2 packets of dry yeast
Medía taza de leche 1/2 cup of milk
Medía taza de agua 1/2 cup of water
Medía taza de mantequilla 1/2 cup of butter
Cuatro huevos 4 eggs
Entre tres y cuatro y media tazas de harina from 3 - 4 1/2 cups of flour
Mezcle todos los ingredientes secos menos las 3 - 4 1/2 tazas de harina.
Mix all dry ingredients together except the 3 - 4 1/2 cups of flour.
En una olla caliente la leche, el agua y la mantequilla. Añada la mezcla líquida a la mezcla de ingredientes secos.
In a small pan, heat the milk, the water, and the butter. Add the liquid mixture to the dry mixture.
Bátalo bien. Beat well.
Agregue los huevos y una taza y medía de harina. Bátalo bien.
Mix in the eggs and 1 1/2 cups of flour. Beat well.
Agregue el resto de la harina poco a poco. Put in the rest of the flour, little by little.
Sobre una tabla enharinada, amase por unos 9 - 10 minutos la mezcla.
Knead the mixture on a floured board for 9 - 10 minutes.
Ponga la masa en un recipiente engrasado, y deje que levante hasta que haya doblado su tamaño (aproximadamente hora y medía al nivel del mar).
Put the dough in a greased bowl and allow it to rise until it has doubled in size (about an hour and a half at sea level).
Para que la masa se encoja, déle puñetazos y fórmela de nuevo con unos "huesos" de masa encima para decorarla.
Punch the dough down and reshape it with some "bone" shapes on top to decorate it.
Deje que levante una hora más. Let it rise another hour.
Bake at 350 degrees F for about 40 minutes. Hornee a 350 grados F por unos 40 minutos.
Después de hornearlo, espolvoréele azúcar pastelero y azúcar coloreado.
After baking, sprinkle it with confectioner's sugar and colored sugar.
For Further Reading 1. 501 Spanish Verbs by: Christopher Kendris, Ph.D Theodore N. Kendris, Ph.D. A "must
have" for both the serious Spanish student and the casual traveler. with the alphabetical, easy-to-use style, conjugating Spanish verbs is as easy as 1-2-3.
2. Beginner’s Spanish by Mark Stacey and Ángela González Hevia. A friendly introduction to the language that will help you to understand and speak Spanish sufficiently well to function effectively in basic everyday situations.
3. Beginning Spanish for the Utterly Confused by Jean Yates. An ideal, easily accessible, instructional guide to serve as an introduction to both spoken and written Spanish. Discover a newer, clearer way to look at Spanish. You don't have to be confused anymore.
4. Breaking Out of Beginner's Spanish by: Joseph J. Keenan. Discover verb usages and phrases that you're not going to learn in your standard Spanish class. It also helps you get around English verb/preposition concepts that don't have a direct translation.
5. Learn Spanish the Fast and Fun Way by Gene Hammitt. Designed specifically for beginners, this book teaches the basics of reading, writing, understanding, and speaking the new language. It also includes helpful facts and tips for international travelers, and a set of vocabulary flashcards and a small staple-bound bilingual dictionary booklet that can be easily removed from the book's spine for supplementary use. Companion audio tapes/CD are also available.
6. Practical Spanish Grammar : A Self-Teaching Guide by Marcial Prado. Combining the quick-reference virtues of a phrase book with the learning tools of a full-fledged language course, this popular guide gives you a solid start.
7. Spanish Grammar (Barron's Grammar Series) by Christopher Kendris, Ph.D. This book is small, but it has all the points that get confused. While there are no exercises or cultural tips, there is a section in the back that covers idioms, and it even has synonyms of common Spanish verbs!
8. Spanish Verbs (Barron's Verb Series) by Christopher Kendris, Ph.D. Verbs are usually a major stumbling block in learning a foreign language, but this is the best compact verb book for quickly getting a good grasp of the basics as well as the more complex issues.
9. Spanish Vocabulary by Julianne Dueber. This little book packs a powerful punch. It contains over 6000 words and expressions categorized in 40 useful categories that include travel, science, and the human body. There are even idiomatic expressions. The book's organization makes it very easy to find a related group of words.
Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults
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