Value Analysis-Pudukottai District

7/31/2019 Value Analysis-Pudukottai District

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VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

District : Pudukottai

Block : Gandarvakottai

Cluster : Gandarvakottai & Kallakottai

Location : Mudhukulam , Mattankal &

Veeradipatti Panchyats

Habitation : 1. Atchuthapuram,

2. Mookkapadaiyan pallam,

3. Mudhukulam4. Veeradipatty

5. Mattankal

Name of the activity : Cashew nut cultivation & Process


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Cashew nut - Index

Introduction of cashew resources with rainfall

History of cashew tree & nuts

Climate Requirement

Process for cashew nuts

Model of sales calculation

Cashew nut- Nutritions Vitamin contents

Quality of cashew nuts

Uses of Cashew nuts

Marketing

Conclusion


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VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

Pudukkottai district is bound on the North and North West by Trichirapalli district,

Sivagangai district on the West and South West, on the East and North East by

Thanjavur district and on the South East by Bay of Bengal. The district was formed

in January 1974 out of certain pockets of then Trichy and Thanjavur districts, havingan area of 4663 sq.km with a coastal line of 39 km.

The average rainfall of the district is 920 mm per year. The frequency of rainfall is

also uncertain. Even though the district has more number of tanks, most of the tanks

are silted in nature. So the water holding capacity of the tanks is very poor. This

often leads to water scarcity for irrigation during the critical stages of the crops,

especially during maturity. The major crops of Pudukkottai district are Paddy,

Groundnut, Cashew, Sugarcane, Pulses, Fruits, Coconut and Gingelly.

Cashew is one of the most valuable processed nuts on global commodity markets

and has the potential to generate employment and revenue for developing countries.

We have visited Mudhukulam panchayat of

Gandarvakottai block for study in cashew nut & tree.

5 habitations (Mudhukulam, Atchuthapuram,

Veeradipatty, Mattankal & Mookkapudaiyanpallam)

are covered in Mudhukulam Panchayat and 1860

families are living in the Panchayat & totally 3728

hectares of lands are irrigated to agriculture for

cashew, groundnut, Sugarcane, & Paddy. Major lands

are occupied in cashew nut process.

Cashew germinates slowly and poorly; several nuts are usually planted to the hole

and thinned later. Propagation is generally by seeds, but may be vegetative from

grafting, air-layering or inarching. Planting should be done in situ as cashew

seedlings do not transplant easily. Recommended spacing is 10 x 10 m, thinned to

20 x 20 m after about 10 years, with maximum planting of 250 trees/ha. Once

established, field needs little care. Intercropping may be done the first few years,with cotton, peanut, or yams. Fruits are produced after three years, during which

lower branches and suckers are removed. Full production is attained by 10th year

and continues to bear until about 30 years old. In dry areas, like Tanzania, flowering

occurs in dry season, and fruits mature in 2&3 months. Flowers and fruits in various

degrees of development are often present in same panicle.


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The fruit (nut)

The nut is attached to the lower portion of the

cashew apple which is conically shaped. The

cashew nut (seed) hangs at the bottom of the

apple, and is c-shaped. The cashew seed has

within the outside shell the edible kernel or nut. In

its raw form the cashew kernel is soft, white andmeaty. When roasted it changes colour and taste.

Salted, it appeals to the palate as the most

delicious nut.

Cashew apples and cashew nuts are excellent sources of nutrition. The cashew apple

contains five times more vitamin C than an orange and contains more calcium, iron

and vitamin B1 than other fruit such as citrus, avocados and bananas.

Cashew shell oil extracted from the shells is caustic and causes burns on the skin.

The mucous membranes of the mouth and throat are severely affected when it

comes into contact with shell oil or the irritating fumes emitted during roasting. The

oily shell liquid has many uses.

So we are selected to form cashew nut CLG in future because cashew nut business

is very huge profit earning in rural area. So we will decide to study about to cashew-

nut. Cashew nut tree is a fast grower and an evergreen tropical tree. It grows to a

height of 12 m. Blossoming takes place between November and January. Seedling

trees flower in the third year after planting. The fruit ripens fully within 2 months.

Climatic requirements

Cashew trees are genuinely tropical and very frost sensitive. The trees grow in a wide spectrum of climatic regions between the 25 N and

S latitudes.

Although the cashew can withstand high temperatures, a monthly mean of 25C is regarded as optimal.

Yearly rainfall of 1000 mm is sufficient for production but 1 500 to 2000 mmcan be regarded as optimal.

The cashew tree has a well-developed root system and can tolerate droughtconditions. Rain during the flowering season causes flower abortion due to

anthracnose and mildew.

During harvesting, while nuts are on the ground, rain and overcast weathercauses the nuts to rot or start germinating.

Nuts germinate within 4 days when lying on wet soil.


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Process for Cashew Nut

Exercise in Field ( Mudhukulam, Mattankal & Veeradipatty Panchayat ) We have

taken 1 acre for study purpose. So this data is only for 1 acre calculation

Land : 1 AcreTotal Plants : 25 plants/tree

Cashew nut nursery : Rain fall season in October & November

Types of plants : Local Country plants & Viruthachalam II

At the time cashew nut harvesting/yielding

With water facility : 200kgs per tree in 1st

harvest then 25% of Yielding

Will be increased every year harvest

Results for Harvesting : 25trees X 200kgs = 5000kgs

Per Sacks : 80 Kgs

Total sacks : 62.5 Sacks (Approximately)

Per Sack : Rs 4500

Total earnings per harvest : Rs 4500 X 62.5 sacks = 281250

Without water : 100kgs per tree in 1st

harvest then 25% of yielding

Will be increased every year harvest in one tree

Results for harvesting : 25trees X 100 Kgs = 2500Kgs

Per Sacks : 80 Kgs

Total sacks : 31 Sacks (Approximately)

Per Sack : Rs 4500

Total earnings per harvest : Rs 4500 X 31 sacks = 139500

(Approximately 100 grams will be deducted from 1kg cashew nut after drying

process).


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Formers have received advance amount from wholesaler before harvesting cashew

nut and after harvesting the cashew nut and settled to wholesaler. But

broker/wholesalers are sold to other person for Rs 5000 to 5500 per sack

(approximately) but the former can sell directly to market get earn more profit per

harvesting. Because of roasted cashew nut price is more then compare cashew

seeds.

Roasted cashew nuts is more vitamin to health (Example Per 100 grams

cashew seed is reported to contain 542 calories, 7.6 g H2O, 17.4 g protein, 43.4 g

fat, 29.2 g total carbohydrate, 1.4 g fiber, 2.4 g ash, 76 mg Ca, 578 mg P, 18.0 mg

Fe, 0.65 mg thiamine, 0.25 mg riboflavin, 1.6 mg niacin, and 7 mg ascorbic acid.

Per 100 g, the mature seed is reported to contain 561 calories, 5.2 g H2O, 17.2 g

protein, 45.7 g fat, 29.3 g total carbohydrate, 1.4 g fiber, 2.6 g ash, 38 mg Ca, 373

mg P, 3.8 mg Fe, 15 mg Na, 464 mg K, 60 mg b-carotene equivalent, 0.43 mg

thiamine, 0.25 mg riboflavin, and 1.8 mg niacin. Per 100 g, the mature seed isreported to contain 533 calories, 2.7 g H2O, 15.2 g protein, 37.0 g fat, 42.0 g total

carbohydrate, 1.4 g fiber, 3.1 g ash, 24 mg Ca, 580 mg P, 1.8 mg Fe, 0.85 mg

thiamine, 0.32 mg riboflavin, and 2.1 mg niacin. The apple contains 87.9% water,

0.2% protein, 0.1% fat, 11.6% carbohydrate, 0.2% ash, 0.01% Ca, 0.01% P, .002%

Fe, 0.26% vitamin C, and 0.09% carotene.

Processing cashew seeds

The purpose of cashew nut processing is to extract the nice, healthy, tasty and

nutritionous kernels from the raw nuts in shell. There are 3 phases are process steps

for getting good quality of cashew nuts. (Chart & photos enclosed)

Cashew nuts are graded to 6 types of qualities.

There are

Cashew kernels are graded on how white they are (W: white, S: scorched, D:

dessert), how broken they are (W: whole, S: split, B: butt, P: piece) and what size

they are (180 kernels/lb, 210 kernels/lb, 240 kernels/lb, 320 kernels/lb, 450

kernels/lb).


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1st

Quality - The cashew kernels are white, pale ivory, or light ash gray colour and

they are whole, not broken.

2nd

Quality - The grade of white whole kernels but the colour is darker due to

overheating in the process of oil dressing or dry.

3rd Quality - The kernels are deep scorched

4th

Quality - The kernels are broken in crosswise.

5th

Quality - The kernels split naturally in lengthwise

6th

Quality - The kernels are broken into more than two pieces & small pieces

Note: 1st

, 2nd

and 3rd

qualities are directly exported to foreign country and otherqualities are sold in local marketing.

Uses of Cashew nuts

Premium cashew nuts : Roasted / coated with spices, chocolate or honey

Distinctive cashew nuts : Cashew splits are embedded in pastry and many

oriental sweets

Confectionery cashew nuts : Dry roasted cashew nuts are used to ice creamsand chocolates

Curries cashew nuts : cashew flours paste are most Asian sweets

Oil roasted cashew nuts : The biggest use of cashew is as oil. There are

healthy and premium alternative to common snacks

Cashew oils are used in medicine purpose for treat ailment such as scurvy, warts and

ring worms & the cashew leaves are used as folk remedies for calcium deficiency

and intestinal colic, cashew resins were used as a cough remedy

The roasted cashew nuts are sale direct to customer without agents/brokers get more

profits to earn harvest cashew nuts and cashew shells also used as fuel in hotels &

Bakery


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Local Marketing

One sacks - 80 Kgs per sacks

Process & roasted in cashew nuts per sacks - Get 22 kgs cashew nuts from 1sack

(80 kgs per sack)

After process the roasted cashew nuts

- Have get 3 types of quality (Q4, Q5 & Q6) will get 3:2:1 ratio quality of

cashew nuts received from after roasted the cashew seeds from 1 sack ( will

take only 20 kgs )

Q4 Market price - Rs560 (Approximately) per kg in local marketing Q5 Market price - Rs480 (Approximately) per kg in local marketing Q6 Market price - Rs400 (Approximately) per kg in local marketing

Q4 Market price - Rs560 X 10kgs (3 ratio in 20kgs) - Rs 5600



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Total Earnings Rs 10080

-------------1acre calculation

Per sacks - 20 Kgs cashew nuts

31 Sacks (without water) - 20 kgs X 31 Sacks = 620 Kgs cashew nuts

Total 620 Kgs

3-310kgs - 310kgs X Rs560 = 173600 (approx)



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Total Earnings 225080 (approx)

----------------------


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ConclusionThe former had loss half of the profit to the sale local agents or brokers. So we will

try to form common livelihood group in that Panchayats & provide godown facility

to formers for stored the cashew seeds at the time of harvesting period of April, May

& June of every year. We have provide various training to the formers for marketing

strategy and analysis,


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Cashew nut Process chart

Sizing

Shelling

2nd Phase

Drying

Hot oil roasting

Peeling

Grade in 26

types

Cleaning- remove

dust & others

3rd Phase

Packed as

customer

1

st

PhaseSizing

Cleaning

Soaking in

water


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Cashew nut process and cultivation details photos with stage by stage

Cashew Plant Cashew plant with flowers

Cashew nuts with flower Cashew nuts with fruits

Cashew nuts with fruits (final) Cashew nuts ready to harvesting


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Cashew nut fruits Grading Harvested cashew nut with fruit

Harvested Cashew nut Roasting cashew nuts

Graded Cashew Nut Finished product - Ready to sale

Documents

Value Analysis-Pudukottai District