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VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Overview of Firearms Transactions & Gun Violence in Virginia
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
State Police Role in the Regulatio of Firearms in Virginia
Including the process for purchasing a firearm and issuance of a concealed handgun permit
2
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Firearms Transaction Center Scope
• Instant Background Checks for firearms purchase transactions• Issuance of firearms seller identifications and registration of
firearms dealers• Referral of illegal attempts to purchase for investigation by
Troopers• Issuance of Nonresident Concealed Handgun Permits• Entry of Resident Concealed Handgun Permits into VCIN
• These permits are issued by the Circuit Court Clerks• Registration of machine guns within 24 hours of acquisition
3
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Firearms Purchase Background Checks
• The Firearms Transaction Center provides for a timely, point-of-sale decision regarding the sale or transfer of firearms based upon the results of a criminal history record information (CHRI) check concerning the prospective purchaser.
• Established in 1989, this program was the first of its type in the nation. • Accessible to Virginia’s firearms dealers via the internet and a 1-800 line.
• available between 8am and 10pm, seven days a week, except December 25. • Currently 95% of all transactions are handled through our web portal (“Vcheck”).
4
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Firearm Purchases
432,387479,253
405,838444,627
505,722 487,846446,333
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
5 Source: FTC
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Types Of Firearms Purchased
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
2016 (526,620) 2017 (521,955) 2018 (473,425)Pistols 254,976 256,324 222,901Revolvers 43,121 42,914 38,069Shotguns 56,347 60,647 54,096Rifles 172,176 153,492 127,301Other 8,578 31,058
PistolsRevolversShotgunsRiflesOther
6 Source: FTC
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Licensed Dealers
• Virginia dealers must first obtain a Federal Firearms License (FFL) from ATF.
• A fingerprint background check is completed by ATF and they are issued an FFL number.
• Once registered with ATF they may then register with the Virginia State Police Firearms Transaction Center.
• Upon completion of billing and VCheck user agreements, the dealers are then eligible to sell firearms.
7
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Licensed Dealers
• There are currently 2,438 registered firearms dealers with active accounts in Virginia.
• Out of the 2,438 dealers, it is estimated that only 1,500 are actively selling firearms on a regular basis.
• Each store selling firearms is considered an active dealer.• Example: Wal-Mart is treated as 91 separate dealers
8 Source: FTC
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Licensed Sellers
• As of August 1, 2000, all persons (e.g. employees) wishing to sell firearms from a licensed dealer must submit fingerprints for a national criminal records check.
• These sellers are enrolled in Virginia Rap Back, so that if they get arrested for a disqualifying offense, their seller’s license is suspended pending case disposition.
• Any individual named on the FFL is exempt from submitting fingerprints since they have already had a fingerprint background check conducted by ATF.
• There are currently 19,569 active seller IDs in Virginia.
9
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Purchasing Process
• Present a valid government issued photo identification to a registered dealer and complete a state and federal background check consent form.
• The information will be submitted to the FTC, either by phone or through VCheck.
• A transaction may be instantly approved within 2 minutes if there are no criminal record hits or possible hits on the specific identifiers submitted: Name, Sex, Race, Date of Birth and Social Security number (if included).
• Any possible hits are delayed so that an employee can review the record response.
10
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
State or National Databases accessed at time of transaction
Virginia Criminal Information Network (VCIN) Wanted, Missing Person Files or Protective Orders Virginia Criminal History Adjudications of legal incompetence, incapacity and involuntary commitments to mental health institutions
National Crime Information Center (NCIC) Wanted Persons and Protective orders
Interstate Identification Index (III) Federal Criminal History Records
National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) All federal prohibitors that are not supported by fingerprints or posted on a criminal history
All systems must be in full service or transactions are placed in abeyanceuntil full service is returned
11
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Firearm Prohibitors
• Felony Conviction• Acquitted by Reason of Insanity• Adjudicated legally Incompetent• Involuntarily Admitted• Alien Illegally in the United States• Respondent on a Protection Order• Felony Indictment• Fugitive from Justice• Misdemeanor Crime of Domestic
Violence
12
• Dishonorable Discharge• Renounced Citizenship in the United
States• Misdemeanor Punishable by more
than 2 years• Unlawful user of Controlled
Substances• Recent Misdemeanor Controlled
Substance Convictions (handguns)• Juvenile Felony Conviction
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
DelayedTransactions
60%
40%
Instant Approvaldelayed
Delayed transactions require a technician to review the identifiers, interpret, and
analyze the corresponding criminal history information.
13 Source: FTC
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
DeniedTransactions 2013-2018
20%
13%
3%
17%13%
7%
8%
2%3%
14%
FelonyMCDVIndictmentFed DrugMental HealthMisd WarrantProtective OrderFelony WarrantVa Misd DrugAll other
Average 3,300 denials/year
14 FTCSource: FTC
There were 7,064 closed arrests by
State Police related to the sale
or attempt to purchase as a result of FTC
denied transactions.
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Denials: One Handgun Per Month
Virginia’s One-Handgun-A-Month Law• From 1993-2012, purchasers were limited to the purchase of one handgun within 30 days.
• There were 12,506 denials for violating this law.• Beginning in 1996, purchasers could apply for a multiple handgun purchase certificate.
• In total, 3,508 were issued and 373 were denied.• Concealed Handgun Permit allowed as exemption 4/15/2004.
• From this time forward, multiple purchase certificates dropped to near zero.
Average Monthly Multiple Handgun Transactions 2017 1,4632018 1,2112019 YTD 1,292
Multiple Handgun Transactions are determined only at the time of purchase.
These numbers are not Indicative of multiple purchases with-in 30 days
15 Source: FTC
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
DeniedTransactions 2007-2011
30%
22%12%
3%
8%
6%
7%
4%2%
6%
Exceeding HandgunFelonyMCDVIndictmentFed DrugMental HealthMisd WarrantProtective OrderFelony WarrantAll Other
16 Source: FTC
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Denials Requiring Investigation
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2015 (1,702) 2016 (2,010) 2017 (2,072) 2018 (1,996) 2019 (1,010)Indictment 94 99 111 122 53Protective Order 227 261 272 283 172Mental Health 340 440 496 451 221Domestic Violence 490 522 487 482 246Felony 551 688 706 658 318
17
As of June 30, 2019
Source: FTC
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Machine Gun Registrations
Active Machine Gun Registrations 11,345Transferred Machine Gun Registrations 2,885Terminated Machine Gun Registrations 4,147
18 Source: FTC
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Active Concealed Handgun Permits
• Active resident permits issued by Circuit Courts 596,419• Active de facto permits issued by Courts 43• Active nonresident permits issued by VSP 39,659• Active permits issued to retired VSP personnel 1,320• Active permits issued by other law enforcement agencies 6,378• Active Conservator of the Peace entries 545• Active permits for law enforcement on long term leave 7• Active Duty Military State Police permits 2• Total permits in VCIN 644,373
FTC19 Source: FTC (data as of 8/14/19)
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Permit Prohibitors
• Additional permit prohibitors• Open Felony Charge• Two or more misdemeanor
convictions in a five-year period• DUI conviction or public
drunkenness in past three years• Convicted of Assault, Battery, Sexual
Assault in past three years• Convicted of Stalking• Open charge of Assault, Battery, or
Sexual Battery• Open charge or conviction of
Possession of Controlled Substance in past three years
20
• Firearm possession prohibitors that do not prohibit issuance of a permit• Conviction of a misdemeanor crime
of domestic violence (beyond three years)
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Resident Concealed Handgun Permits
86,177
128,267
92,331 91,822
121,133 120,841
166,078
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
21 Source: FTC
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Revoked Resident Permits
1,084
923
670 667583
664583
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
22 FTCSource: FTC
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Nonresident Concealed Handgun Permits
3,002
5,333
1,850
3,869
6,601
8,760
13,475
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
23 FTCSource: FTC
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Gun Crime in VirginiaData compiled from the State Police Central Criminal Records Exchange and the Incident Based Reporting Program
24
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Purchase, possession, or transportation by individuals with mental health prohibitors§ 18.2-308.1:1§ 18.2-308.1:2§ 18.2-308.1:3
Purchase or transportation of firearm by persons subject to protective orders.§ 18.2-308.1:4
Purchase or transportation of firearm by persons convicted of two misdemeanor drug offenses within 36 months.§ 18.2-308.1:5
Possession or transportation of firearms by convicted felons.§ 18.2-308.2
Sale of firearms to prohibited persons§ 18.2-308.2:1
Use or display of firearm in committing felony§ 18.2-53.1
Straw purchases§ 18.2-308.2:2(M)
Firearms Criminal Violations
25 FTC
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Arrests: Felon in Possession 18.2-308.2 Possession or transportation of firearms by convicted felon
2550 2580 24982715 2630
27483014
3276
3695 3671
1000
2000
3000
4000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 201826 CCRESource: CCRE
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Arrests: Use in Commission of Felony
32022864 2982 2925
2736
2368 23082497
2273
1821
1000
2000
3000
4000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
18.2-53.1 use or display of firearm in committing a felony
27 CCRESource: CCRE
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Arrests: Protective Order Prohibitor
7182 86 102 94
127
154
188
212
191
0
50
100
150
200
250
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
308.1:4
28 CCRESource: CCRE
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Arrests: Mental Health Prohibitors
76 75 70
113101
70
109
128
143
129
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
308.1:1-1:3
29 CCRESource: CCRE
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
1714
27
44
33
23
17
32 31
40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
308.2:1
Arrests: Dealer Violations
30 CCRESource: CCRE
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
0
1
2
3
4
5
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
0 0 0
2
0
2
5Straw Purchase Arrests
Straw Purchase Arrests
Straw Purchases
31 CCRESource: CCRE
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Weapons Used in All Crime
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Firearm 13,333 12,370 12,101 11,973 11,918 12,015 13,466 15,490 16,211 15,350Other 18,713 18,271 17,118 16,010 14,677 14,739 13,894 14,942 15,116 14,654Hands, Fist, Feet, Etc 82,515 84,347 83,533 81,853 79,216 76,659 76,907 77,014 75,624 73,518
010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000
Other Includes: Knives, Blunt Objects, Motor Vehicle/Vessel, Poison/Drugs, Fire/Explosives
IBR32 Source: IBR/UCR
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Weapons Used in All Crime2009-2018
68%
12%
7%
7%4% 2% 0%
Personal Weapons (Hands, Fist,Feet, Arms, Teeth, Etc.)
Firearm
Other
None
Dangerous Weapons
Unknown
Motor Vehicle/Vessel
IBR33 Source: IBR/UCR
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Weapons Used in Murder2009-2018
2588
1170
FirearmAll Other
IBR34 Source: IBR/UCR
Year Firearms All Other2009 234 125
2010 235 130
2011 204 96
2012 212 103
2013 217 99
2014 222 116
2015 266 120
2016 343 141
2017 346 134
2018 309 106
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Type of Firearm Used in Murder
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
2009201020112012201320142015201620172018
Firearm (Not Specified) Handgun Rifle Shotgun Other Firearm
IBR35 Source: IBR/UCR
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Weapons Used in Robbery2009-2018
25,547
21,836 FirearmAll Other
IBR36 Source: IBR/UCR
Year Firearms All Other2009 3,428 2,7382010 2,938 2,5242011 2,850 2,4482012 2,553 2,0752013 2,375 2,0822014 2,191 2,0042015 2,405 1,9652016 2,612 2,0832017 2,348 1,8362018 1,847 1,631
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Type of Firearm Used in Robbery
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
2009201020112012201320142015201620172018
Firearm (Not Specified) Handgun Rifle Shotgun Other Firearm
IBR37 Source: IBR/UCR
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Weapons Used in Aggravated Assault 2009-2018
24,723
70,516
FirearmAll Other
IBR38 Source: IBR/UCR
Year Firearms All Other2009 2,066 7,8592010 1,967 7,5782011 1,822 6,9112012 1,983 7,0102013 2,078 6,9842014 2,412 6,9652015 2,682 6,6382016 3,355 6,9842017 3,181 6,7622018 3,177 6,915
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Type of Firearm Used in Aggravated Assault
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
2009201020112012201320142015201620172018
Firearm (Not Specified) Handgun Rifle Shotgun Other Firearm
IBR39 Source: IBR/UCR
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Weapons Used in Forcible Sex Offenses 2009-2018
FirearmAll Other
IBR40 Source: IBR/UCR
Year Firearms All Other2009 55 4,007
2010 61 4,075
2011 46 4,228
2012 52 4,143
2013 41 4,076
2014 35 4,235
2015 40 4,381
2016 50 4,666
2017 46 4,717
2018 41 4,652
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Type of Firearm Used in Forcible Sex Offenses
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
2009201020112012201320142015201620172018
Firearm (Not Specified) Handgun Rifle Shotgun Other Firearm
IBR41 Source: IBR/UCR
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
3044 3254 3139 3308 3518 4095 4105
1370 1408 1477 1426 1383 1634 1782
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Firearm Other Weapon
Weapons During Arrests
Of the 2% of arrestees that
are armed; 70% are
armed with a firearm.
Over 98% of all arrestees
are unarmed.
IBR42 Source: IBR/UCR
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
1,392
1,375
1,390
1,410
1,734
2,214
2,310
450
607
466
495
420
450
485
522
621
601
647
513
513
456
680
651
682
756
851
924
896
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500
HandgunsRiflesShotgunsNot Specified
Arrests with Firearms by Weapon Type
IBR43 Source: IBR/UCR
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES
Stolen Firearms by Year –Voluntary Reporting
13,461
12,349
11,355
10,232
13,001
9,72610,290
11,17010,598
9,020
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
IBR44 Source: IBR/UCR
VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES