Vajrayāna in Gostana-deśa

7/28/2019 Vajrayna in Gostana-dea

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CONTENTS

I . A R T I C L E S1. B udd hism and Pol i t i ca l Po w er in K ore an H is to ry , 9

by S. Keel2 . M a h a m a u d g a l y a y a n a ' s S e r m o n o n t h e L e t ti n g -i n a n d N o t 2 5

Let t ing- in (of Sens i t ive Inf luences ) , by E. Waldschmidt3 . T h e M a h a s a m g h i k a a n d t h e T a t h a g a t a g a r b h a , 3 5

by A . Way man

I I . S H O R T P A P E R S1. Va j rayana in G os tan a-de sa , by H. W. Bailey 5 32 . " O u r B u d d h a " i n a n A s o k a n I n s c r i p t i o n , by A. K. Narain 5 73 . The Story of Vyasa and KasTsundarT, by L. Zwilling 654 . New Areas of Rese arch for Arc haeo logi s t s and 71

B u d d h o l o g i s t s , by G. Tucci

I I I . B O O K R E V I E W S1 . A n A n t h o l o gy o f Bu ddh i s t Ta n t r i c Song s : a S t u dy o f 77

the CaryagTti , by Per Kvaerne2 . Ti b e t an M ed i c i ne : Wi t h Spec ia l Re f e r ence t o Yo gasa t aka , 81

by Vaidya Bhagwan Dash

I V . N O T E S A N D N E W SOn Bud dh i s t Te x t I n fo rm a t i on (B .T . I. ) o f t he In s t i t u t e 87

for Advanced Studies of Wor ld Rel ig ions ( IASWR),N e w Y o r k , by R. A . Gard

V . O B I T U A R YP. L. Va i dya , by P. V. Bapat 9 1


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Vajrayana in Gos tana-desaby H. W. Bailey

In Gostana-desa (anc ien t Khotan) in te res t in the Va j rayana i s expressed in the Traveller's Notebook i n t he K ho t a n S a ka l a ngua ge ,ed i t ed in my Khotanese Texts I I I , 1956 and 1969 , 121-4 ( f i r s tt r a ns l a t i on i n BSOAS 9 , 1 937 -9 , 52 1 -4 3 ) . H e re i n l i ne s 2 7 -30oc c u r s t he d i a l ogue : Buddh i s t S a nsk r i t ttava kima pustaka ksa-matti, K h o t a n S a k a tvi au kdma nai pustye ksamai ' W h a t b o o kp l e a se s you? ' , w i t h t he a nsw e r : mam a vajrrayana ksamattt iaiksa-payay K h o t a n S a k a vajrrayana ksamai / varya vapustai T h e V a j r a yana p leases me; de ign to read ' , and then saiksapayami, K h o t a nS a ka pusu tta ' I w i ll r ea d ' . O th er c i t a t io ns of the na m e Va j rayan aare in Khotanese Buddhist Texts 1 4 3 , l r l ; 1 4 4 , 2 r 3 , a n d a s a n a djec t ive in Jatakastava 3 9 v 3 a n d Khotanese Texts 2 . 4 . 4 9 .

Som e of the Va j raya na t ex t s have surv ived in K h ot an Sak a ,p r i n t e d i n KBT 143-56 . The fo l lowing ve rses ed i t ed in KBT 1 51 -3are the com po si t i on of Ca KIm a-sana , th a t i s, K im-san of theTchang fami ly . Thi s name occurs a l so in Brahmi and Sogdiansc r i p t s i n t he c o l ophon o f t he Jatakastava 3 9 v 4 (K T I 2 1 9 ) cakima-sana, kymS'n, and in Sogdian sc r ip t on the marg in of Siddha-sara 156 verso (KT I 104) cw kyms'n ( w h e r e -w for -b is for Chinese ang). The name in Chinese sc r ip t can be seen in my Saka Documents, por t fo l i o , p l a t e 4 9 , 2 tsang kin*san f rom o l de r Viang ki&m-san (B. Kar lgren , A nalytic dictionary ofChinese and Sino-Japanese ,1 1 7 4 . 3 ; 3 8 2 . 2 ; 8 4 9 . 1 ) .

In th i s t ex t th e re a re th e Vajra-paramita a n d t h e Mahdparam-ita, t oge t he r w i t h t he paramitas iden t i f i ed wi th devata-dehies.The poe t expresses h i s des i re to behold the supreme Be ing , theVajra-sa t tva ( l ine 54 ) an d to a t ta i n to his pr ese nc e (l ine 3 6 byehine).5 3


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In Ja va the mo s t mag n i f i cen t b u i ld ing of the Bu ddh i s t wo r ld , theB o r o b u d u r , is o f t h e V a j r a y a n a ; a n d B u d d h i s t S a n s k r i t V a j r a y a n atex t s have been p rese rved in Java .In Kh o t an Saka the con cep t s o f the Va j r ayana a re n o t nove l ,bu t be ing poe t i c , have the i r own in te re s t . A p rose r ende r ing i s he rea t t e m pt ed for the f ir st t im e . Bu ddh i s t t echn ica l t e rm s have bee npre fe r r ed to vague Eng l ish wo rd s ; in the K ho ta n t e x t the San sk r i tt e rm s a re m os t ly t ak en ov e r , and on ly occas iona l ly t r an s la te d . Ex pe r t s in Bud dh i sm wi ll p ro ba b ly eas ily find a m ore nu an ce d r ende r ing . T he te x t p r in te d in 19 51 is a t t ime s defec t ive as m an y la te rr ead ings have m ad e c lea r. A m en dm en ts a re g iven in b r ac ke t s .S o m e o f t h e w o r d s , b o t h K h o t a n S a k a a n d S a n s k r i t , o c c u r o n l yhe re and a re con jec tu ra l ly t r ans la ted .

Translation 1-32:S i d d h a m . M a y t h e r e b e r e v e r e n c e (aurga) t o t h e B u d d h a i cl igh t (ad jec t ive to bo th Buddha and to bodhi), t o A r y a - V a i r o c a n a

and the o the r s tog e th e r , bo rn in the r a tna - j ew e l , a r isen f rom thegotra of the lo tu s , ho ld ing the abhiseka, born in the lo tu s , a r i senin the lo t u s , hav ing the svabhava of tathata, s ign i f i can t ly named ,the Buddhaic l ion, the giver of the


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paramita, which they ca l l Lasa ( 'p leasure ' ) , because i t i s a l l ied tos p o r t (rati), j o i n ed t o p u r e vipdka, for beings in the f ive gati, w h i c his i n t u r n s ec r e t sp o r t an d am u se m en t .

Wh o se g a r l an d , h av i n g a t t r ac t ed b e i n g s b y t h e i r u n aw ak en edgotra, has ' i ssued in laid w i th jew els , th at ince nse of sila, with br i l l ian t l imbs (rrusa-aga), i s t h e r e f o r e b y n ame t h e su p r eme d e i t yMala ( ' g a r l an d ' ) , t h e sila-paramita b y B u d d h a i c n a m e .

T h e ksanti-paramita i s the dei ty GTta ( ' s o n g ' ) , w h o c r ea t e s t h eso n g o f th e B u d d h a s .

T h e virya-paramitd i s the dei ty Nrtya ( ' d a n c e ' ) , w h e r e b ythey swi f t ly a t t a in supreme bodhi.T h e dhyana-paramita i s the dei ty Puspa ( ' f l o w e r ' ) , u n m o v e d ,del ightful , graceful (?) in l imb (aga-dhika).

T h e s u p r e m e paramita of wi sdom i s t he de i ty Dhupd ('perf u m e ' ) , of vas t l ight , br i l l i an t , who disperses excel lent , f ine perfum e, w ho in the fo res t o f sam sara-m igra t ion has r e no un ce d inorde r to m ak e ( 'b in d ' ) a pu re vow (pranidhana), th a t is sh e, invested w i th l i gh t ; she is Vajra-loka (met r i ca l fo r vajralokd), t h em i g h t y s u p r e m e d e i t y .

W h o h as a t t a i n ed t h e b es t co n t r o l i n paramitds, g o o d , m i g h t yp o w er , p u r e r i g h t bodhi (bvama), that i s the great dei ty jnana-pdramitd, del iverer f rom the oc ean o f i gnora nce (jadi), c o n q u e r o r .

Th e d e i t y Ajitd ( ' u n b e a t e n ' ) , u n d e f e a t e d b y t h e r a a r a - d e m o n s ,is , b y aw ak en i n g i n th e t i me o f aw ak en i n g , vajra-pdramitd, fors t r en g t h (dksepa), t o p r o m o t e t h e r i g h t c o m m a n d o f t h e dharma-l aw .

( W h o ) k n o w s ( . . bdtta) t h e dtman, t h e p u r e andtmanof dharma, that i s the dei ty vajra-pdramitd, secre t , i n sequencemi g h t y my s t e r y o f t r an ce (samadhdna), t h e vajra sea t (vajrdsana),t h e p u r e dharma-kdya.

By a id o f a l l Buddhaic bodh i (bvdmi) b y paripdka of upaya-kausalya she ga ther s t h e be ings f rom the four fo ld d i s t r i c t ; t here fore indeed by name she i s Vajrakusa (met r i ca l f rom vajrdnkusdw i t h ankusa- ' h o o k ' ) .Se ized by the exa l t ed bodhicaryd, r ight longin g b y the facul t ies (indriya), t h e r e f o r e t h i s , b y n am e t h e su p r em e Vajra-pdsa( ' n o o se ' ) , t h r o w n o u t w ar d s , h a s g a t h e r ed t h e b e i n g s t o bodhi(bqysusti) .

Fo r t h e gotra, a t t r ac t ed by the l i ke and the un l ike (sama,asama), w ith face aver ted from the sph ere (gocara) o f B u d d h a ,55


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in karuna, she meditates on the dharma-dhatu, therefore this is byname the exalted Vajra-sphotd ( 'bursting sound'), who indeed isone having all sounds (bqsa-bdva from *visva-vdda-), having alldharmas, andtman, beginningless, active in sounds [ba-krra from*vada-kriya-), ever calm ed; she expoun ds this Vajrayana M ahayana,therefore she is called the exalted Vajraganda {ghanta- 'Bell ') .This is for its part reverence, veneration, (of me) boweddown, to the first bountiful Buddha-yana.

Of these names in the Vajrayana verses, the devatd or yogininames are listed in the Sadhana-mala (quoted in F. Edgerton,Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, s.v. gitd)'. lasyd, mdlyd (and mala),puspd, gitd, dhupd gandhd. The name Ajita occurs as one of thefour kumdri or bhagini with Jayd, Vijayd and Apardjitd. For thenames Vajra-kusa, Vajra-pdsd, Vajra-sphotd and Vajra-gandd whichare feminine, in spite of the masculine verbal form 28 hadddim 'h egathered', where the masculine pdsa- may have decided the gender,I have found only the masculine names, in Oda's Bukkyo Daijiten,Vajra- with ghanta-, dhupa-, pdsa-, puspa-, last-, aloka-, ankusa-.But further search m ay find feminine c ou nte rpa rts in som e Vajrayana text .

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