UWC Library/Arts Faculty Training

Department: Linguistics

Group: Linguistics 11

Topic: Literature search: Referencing

Literature search - Referencing

Content

What is a literature search?

Why a literature search?

How to do a literature searchInformation sourcesCharacteristicsRetrieval toolsReading citation: OPAC; D-base; Internet Writing bibliography

Literature search - Referencing

What is a literature search?

“…literature search is meant a systematic and thorough search of all types of published literature in order to identify as many items as possible that are relevant to a particular topic. These items could include not only books, but journal articles, reports, papers given at conferences or seminars, theses, patents and many other types of publication. The format is immaterial, as it is the content that is important to the researcher, and so both printed and electronic sources – and possibly also audio-visual material … - need to be included in a search”. [Gash,1]

Literature search - Referencing

Why a literature search

Quality of the final product Original research is needed thorough knowledge of general subject area

help to establish context identify gaps/anomalies/questions Identify appropriate readings Eventually form basis of the literature review

……. it supply the background info for establishing – scope, context and parameters

Unearth all the info that will be used Need to keep up with literature published during course Get to know context and vocabulary of field

Literature search - Referencing

How to do a literature search

Information sources

Characteristics [book; journal/journal article; d-base article]

Retrieval tools [OPAC; D-base; Internet]

Reading citation [Book/chapter from book; journal article; website]

Writing bibliography

Literature search - Referencing

Reading citation

Why referencing

Referencing styles: Modern Language Association [MLA]; Harvard; American Psychological Association [APA]

Types of references: Bibliography; Reading list In-Text referencing

Specific references: Book/chapter from bookJournal articlewebsite

Writing bibliography - components

Book: One author [from OPAC]

Reference components from OPAC record

1. Author2. Title3. Place of publication4. Publishers 5. Date

Writing bibliography - components

Book – one Author

Components

1. Author: Martin Montgomery

2. Title: An introduction to language and society

3. Place of publication: London

4. Publishers: Routledge

5. Date:1995

MLA style

Author Title

Montgomery, Martin. An introduction to language and society. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1995

Edition [if available] Place of Publication Publishers Date

Writing bibliography - components

• Book: chapter from book

[Author of chapter] [title of chapter in book]

Slimani, Assia: “Evaluation of classroom interaction.” Evaluating Second language Education. Eds. J. Charles Alderson and Alan Beretta. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 197-221. [Pages of chapter in book]

Writing bibliography – components

Journal article - Print

Basic format:

- Periods separate main parts of an entry

- Page numbers are preceded by a colon and a space

- Names of periodicals are underlined.

- Titles of articles are placed in quotation marks.

Basic components:

- Author

- Title of article

- Title of journal

- Date

- Volume Publication Information

- Issues/Numbers/Seasons

- Page numbers

Writing bibliography - components

Journal article – print copy

Example:

Name of author Title of article

Dlali, Mawande. “The speech act of complaint in IsiXhosa.” South African Journal of African Languages 23.3 (2003): 131-143

Title of journal Volume Issue number Date Pages

Name of author Title of article

Dlali, Mawande. “The speech act of complaint in IsiXhosa.” South African Journal of African Languages 23.3 (2003): 131-143

Title of journal Volume Issue number Date Pages

Writing Bibliography - Database

• “Any grouping of data for a particular purpose or for the use of a particular set of End users.”

• “…a collection of works, data or other material which, are arranged in a systematic or methodical way and are individually accessible by electronic or other means.”

Writing Bibliography - Different types of

d-base

Bibliographic d-base

Full text d-base

Bibliographic and Full text d-base

Writing Bibliography - Reading formats on D-base

Citation

Abstract

Full text

Abstract Plus

Writing bibliography - components

Journal article – Online source [database]

Basic Components:

1. Name of author (if given)

2. Publication information of the printed source [Title of the work or material (if given; a review or letter to the editor may be untitled), in quotation marks; name of the periodical; volume-issue-; date; pages]

3. Title of database

4. Publication medium

5. Name of supplier/vendor

6. Date of access

Writing bibliography - components

Journal article – Online source [database] Example

Name of authors Publication info of print source

Wentzel, A.; Jacobs, G. “How the internet necessitates a rethink of multimodal education: research in higher education.” South African journal of Higher Education vol. 18.1 (2004): 322-335. SA ePublications. Online. SABINET. 18 February 2007 Name of database Medium of publication Name of Supplier /Vendor Access date

Writing bibliography - components

Internet – article from website Basic components: - Name of author

- Title of work

- Date of Internet publication or last revision

- URL or any other retrieval information

- Date of access

Example:

Names of authors Title of article

Stein, Pippa and Newfield, Denise. “Shifting the gaze in South African classroom: new pedagogies, new publics, new democracies.” http://www.readingonline.org/international/stein/ 18 February 2007

URL Access date

Names of authors Title of article

Stein, Pippa and Newfield, Denise. “Shifting the gaze in South African classroom: new pedagogies, new publics, new democracies.” http://www.readingonline.org/international/stein/ 18 February 2007

URL Access date

Bibliography

1. Alderson, J. Charles and Beretta, Alan (eds.). Evaluating second language education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 19922. Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Style Manual and guide to scholarly publishing. 2nd ed. New York: The Modern Language Association of America. 19983. Li Xia and Crane, Nancy B.: Electronic styles a handbook for citing electronic information. 2nd Ed. Medford: Information Today, INC. 19964. Montgomery, Martin. An introduction to language and society. 2nd Ed. London; New York: Routledge. 19955. Stein, Pippa and Newfield, Denise. “Shifting the gaze in South African classroom: new pedagogies, new publics, new democracies.” 18 February 20076. Weidenborner, Stephen and Caruso, Domenick: Writing research papers a guide to the process. 5th Ed. Boston; New York: Bedford/St.Martin. 1997