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2006.11.29 1 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
UWB(ultra wideband)
http://www.wsl.c.dendai.ac.jp [email protected]
2006.11.29 2 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
1. UWB
2. UWB
3.
4. WPAN
5.
6.
7.
2006.11.29 3 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
• FCCSpecific bandwidth( )= 20 %
500 MHz( )• VHF TV 6 MHz / 91.25 MHz = 6.6 %• cdmaOne 1.25 MHz / 800 MHz = 0.15 %• W-CDMA 5 MHz / 2.2 GHz = 0.23 %• LAN (IEEE 802.11b) 22 MHz / 2.45 GHz = 0.90 %
UWB(ultra wideband)
LH
LH2
ff
ff
frequencypo
werfL fH
10 dB
2006.11.29 4 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
• 1990
• 1994 ( )
•
10 ps ps
( )
•
OFDM ( UWB)
UWB
2006.11.29 5 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
•
(b/s)[Hz]
[W][W/Hz]
•
UWB
02 1log
BN
PBC
C
B
P
0N
2006.11.29 6 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
Wall Penetration Radar
Source: Time Domain Corp.
2006.11.29 7 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
UWB
US Army Research Laboratory BoomSAR
SAR = synthetic aperture radar ( )
150 ps
2 ns
2 MW
45 m
2006.11.29 8 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
•• UWB
• …
LPD/I (low probability of detection/interference)
/ ( )chip on everything
UWB
2006.11.29 9 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
1. UWB
2. UWB
3.
4. WPAN
5.
6.
7.
2006.11.29 10 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
UWB
?
UWB
2006.11.29 11 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
1962. 7. 9 Starfish( 1,300 km)
TNT 1.4 Mton 400 km(15 kton) 100
• 2,600 km• 7•(
)
2006.11.29 12 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
Starfish
•
•EMP(electromagnetic pulse)
• NEMP(nuclear electromagnetic pulse)
( )
2006.11.29 13 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
NEMP
•
• Robustness (DARPA)ARPANET(1969)
• EMP (LLNL1, LANL2 NBS3 )UWB
1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory2 Los Alamos National Laboratory3 National Bureau of Standards( National Institute of Standards and
Technology)
UWB
2006.11.29 14 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
1960 LLNL LANL EMP
1964 HP Tektronix
1973 (Sperry Rand)
1986 “Time Domain Measurements in Electro-magnetics,” edited by E. Miller (LLNL)
1990 Microwave Impulse Radar
(wall penetration radar, )
UWB
2006.11.29 15 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
1. UWB
2. UWB
3.
4. WPAN
5.
6.
7.
2006.11.29 16 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
FCC
c
6 63 127
EMI VCCI*( )*
FCC Part 15 EMI
FCC EMI
2002. 4 FCC Part 15 (FCC 02-48)
[ FCC( ) NTIA( )
2006.11.29 17 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
FCC Part 15
UWB• Imaging Systems
– Ground Penetration Radar Systems (960 MHz 3.1 - 10.6 GHz)
– Wall Imaging Systems (960 MHz 3.1 - 10.6 GHz)– Through-wall Imaging Systems
(960 MHz 3.1 - 10.6 GHz)– Surveillance Systems (1.99 - 10.6 GHz)– Medical Systems (3.1 - 10.6 GHz)
• Vehicular Radar Systems (22 - 29 GHz)
• Communication and Measurement Systems(3.1 - 10.6 GHz)
2006.11.29 18 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
• Communication and Measurement Systems
-51.3-41.3
-51.3
-53.3
-75.3
Indoor UWB Systems
EIRP (dBm)
-61.3-41.3
-61.3
1,990 – 3,1003,100 – 10,600
above 10,600
-63.31,610 – 1,990
-75.3 960 - 1,610
Hand held UWB Systems
Frequency (MHz)
Indoor UWB Systems Hand held UWB Systems
GPS
2006.11.29 19 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
FCC
• UWB•
“I strongly support…”“I am excited…”
• “extremely conservative”
• NTIA (GPS )
• ?
2006.11.29 20 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
(2/2)• ( )
– NII(National Information Infrastructure)•
–• (1970 )
– 1976– 1983
1992cf 1957( )
ex.
UWB ?
2006.11.29 21 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
1. UWB
2. UWB
3.
4. WPAN
5.
6.
7.
2006.11.29 22 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
IEEE 802.15 TG3aIEEE 802.15 WPAN High Rate Alternative PHY Task Group 3a (TG3a)
IEEE 802.15.3 ( 11 15 Mbps WPANMAC PHY 2001 )
PHY
802.15.3 MAC & PHY
• 11 22 33 44 55 Mbps• QoS• P2P•••• /
2006.11.29 23 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
MB-OFDM vs. DS-UWB 2001 12 IEEE 802.15 SG3a2002 1 Call for Applications 2002 2 Call for Proposals TG3a
Technical Requirement Selection Criteria
2003 3 CFP 31
2003 7 62003 9 MB-OFDM DS-CDMA 22004 11 MB-OFDM
2004 1 MB-OFDM2004 3 MB-OFDM2004 5 MB-OFDM2004 7 MB-OFDM2004 9 MB-OFDM2004 11 MB-OFDM2005 1 DS-UWB2005 32005 5 MB-OFDM2005 7 MB-OFDM2005 9 MB-OFDM2005 11 MBOA TG3a2006 1 TG3a
MBOA WiMedia
2006.11.29 24 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
TG3a
Bluetooth
Hand-held
< 100mW @ 110Mbps,< 250mW @ 200Mbps
802.15.3MAC
Bluetooth, 802.15.3&4802.11, ISM
4( )
110 Mbps @ 10m, 200 Mbps @ 4m, 480 Mbps
2006.11.29 25 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
TG3a
(a) Singleband (b) Dualband (c) Multiband
DS-CDMA MB-OFDM
(XSI/Motorola/PartusCeva)
(MBOA )
IEEE802.11a IEEE802.11a
3.1 10.6 3.1 10.6 3.1 10.6
Freq. [GHz] Freq. [GHz] Freq. [GHz]
2006.11.29 26 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
MBOA*
* Multiband OFDM Alliance (TI, Intel, Time Domain, )
Multiband-OFDM
• 528 MHz OFDM 128
3168 3696 4224 4752Frequency [MHz]
#1 #2 #3
Group A: Intended for 1st generation devices
2006.11.29 27 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
DS-CDMA• Low band: 3.1 – 5.15 GHz
25 – 450 Mbps
• High band: 5.825 – 10.6 GHz25 – 900 Mbps
• Multiband (low + high)Up to 1.35 GbpsSupport full duplex
IEEE802.11a
3.1 10.6Freq. [GHz]
UWB wavelet
2006.11.29 28 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
DS-CDMA MB-OFDM•
•
MB-OFDM (9.5 ns)
DS-CDMA 1 (0.73 ns 0.31 ns) 17.5 23ns
Rake
MB-OFDM DS-CDMA?
•
• (?)
MB-OFDMDS-CDMA Rake
2006.11.29 29 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
TG3a
• DS-CDMA(UWB Forum) MB-OFDM(MBOA SIG)
• ) Freescale SemiconductorFCC (2004 8 ) HDTV
• MBOA SIG WiMedia Alliance (2005 3 )USB Implementers Forum 1394 Trade Association
WiMedia Alliance
• Wireless USB 1.0 (2005 5 )
2006.11.29 30 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
IEEE 802.15 TG4aIEEE 802.15 WPAN Low Rate Alternative PHY Task Group 4a (TG4a)IEEE 802.15.4 ( PAN, Zigbee)( 1 m )
PHY802.15.4
• • • •
••• TV••
2005
2006.11.29 31 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
TG4a
1 m cm
IEEE802.15.4MAC
IEEE802.11a/b (Wi-Fi) IEEE802.15.1 (Bluetooth)IEEE802.15.3 (WiMedia) IEEE802.15.4 (Zigbee)2.4 GHz 5 GHz
(( ))
4
1% ( 32 octet)
Individual: peer-to-peer 1 kbpsAggregate: data collector 1 Mbps (0 – 30 m
)( )
2006.11.29 32 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
1. UWB
2. UWB
3.
4. WPAN
5.
6.
7.
2006.11.29 33 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
UWB (1/3)Vertical plane
Horizontal plane
2006.11.29 34 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
y
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
-600 -300 0 300 600
x dB
(a)CW(6.85 GHz) (b)UWB(3.1-10.6 GHz)
UWB (2/3)
2006.11.29 35 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 860
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
Frequency Bandwidth [GHz]
Fadi
ng d
epth
[dB
]
0 20 40 60 80 100Fractional bandwidth [%]
UWB (3/3)
2006.11.29 36 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
1. UWB(CW)
UWB
2. UWB5dB
UWB
UWB
2006.11.29 37 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
UWB(22-29 GHz)
(a)V-V (b)H-H (c)+45 -45
UWB CW
2006.11.29 38 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
UWB
Excess delay [ns]
Rel
ativ
e re
ceiv
ed le
vel [
dB]
Arm phantomSubject ASubject BSubject C
x [mm]
Rel
ativ
e pa
th g
ain
[dB
]
Arm phantomSubject ASubject BSubject C
Measurements of additional loss caused by (a) an arm phantom and (b) a human arm on a conductive plane.
Comparison of the arm phantom and the human arms: (a) relative path gain and (b) delay profile.
(a)
(ab)x
500
mm
O
(b)
O
x
2006.11.29 39 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
UWB
(a) (b) (c)
(e)
(d)
(a) (b) (c)
(e)
(d)
2006.11.29 40 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
UWB (1)
48º
2006.11.29 41 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
UWB (2)
2 6 10 14 180
1
2
Frequency [GHz]
Gro
up D
elay
[ns
]
LPDA
Half-wavelength dipole
DRH
Monopole
Meander line
Gro
up D
elay
[ns
]
2
1
2 6 10 14 180
1
2
Frequency [GHz]
Gro
up D
elay
[ns
]
LPDA
Half-wavelength dipole
DRH
Monopole
Meander line
Gro
up D
elay
[ns
]
2
1
2 6 10 14 181
2
3
Frequency [GHz]
VSW
R
LPDA
Half-wavelength dipole
DRH
Monopole
Meander line
VSW
R
2 6 10 14 181
2
3
Frequency [GHz]
VSW
R
LPDA
Half-wavelength dipole
DRH
Monopole
Meander line
VSW
R
2006.11.29 42 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
• 1993 T.E. McEwan(LLNL): MIR(micropowerimpulse radar)
UWB
UWB=
•
•
2006.11.29 43 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
41.3 dBm/MHz
EIRP( ) = 41.3 dBm
3 m 54 dB V/m = 500 V/m
FCC Part 15 B( )( )
CISPR Pub. 22 1 GHz 50 dB V/m (3 m)
cf (322 MHz – 10 GHz)3 m 35 V/m (EIRP = 64 dBm 23 dB )
2006.11.29 44 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
UWB EMC
• UWB ( )
• ( )
FCC UWB EIRP = 41.3 dBm/MHz
ITU-R F1094-1(1 2 ) 20 dBkTBF - 20 dBm
2006.11.29 45 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
• FPU km
• km
• 10 200 km
• 0.1 10 km
5 400 m
2006.11.29 46 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
FCC ITU-R
• FCC EIRP = 41.3 dBm/MHz
• ITU-R ( ) = 20 dB= ( ) 130 dBm/MHz
1 10 100 1000 1000040
60
80
100
120
140
Separation (m)
Fre
e-sp
ace
path
loss
(dB
)
10 GHz 5 GHz 3 GHz
• 5GHz 3 m 56 dB
ITU-R 20dB (?)
2006.11.29 47 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
1. UWB
2. UWB
3.
4. WPAN
5.
6.
7.
2006.11.29 48 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
ITU-R EIRP
International Telecommunication Union –Radiocommunication Sector Task Group 1/8: Compatibility between ultra-wideband devices (UWB) and radiocommunication services
2006.11.29 49 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
2006.11.29 50 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
2006.11.29 51 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
2006.11.29 52 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
2006.11.29 53 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
1. UWB
2. UWB
3.
4. WPAN
5.
6.
7.
2006.11.29 54 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
UWB
• WPAN• MB-OFDM DS-UWB• WPAN
• ITU-R TG1/8
•
•• ( )• EMC
•
2006.11.29 55 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
…
/
HBS
IrDAIEEE 1394 ?Home PNAHomeRFHomeRF-LiteBluetooth ?
2006.11.29 56 / 56
Pioneer Force
WSLTOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY
•
•EMC DAA LDC
•