Utility Plant Description

8/7/2019 Utility Plant Description

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UTILITIES PLANT

DESCRIPTION

Presented By: Zaheer Anwer

(UM UTY)


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We Provide the Following Utilities Demin Water

BFW

Steam

Power

Cooling Water

Instrument Air

Inert Gas

Air Conditioning

Waste Management

Potable Water


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Water SourcesWater Sources

Surface Source

Includes streams, drainage

areas, reservoirs and rain water.

Ground WaterIncludes wells and springs water.


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A

B

C

D

F

E

H

S

I

R

Q

M

N

J

U V

T

P

K WX

YZG

L

O

< 32 ppm

32-50 ppm

> 50 ppm

WELL AREACan

al

Road


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Canal Intake


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Water Reservoir


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Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

Transparent and colorless liquid.

Pure water has no taste.

High surface tension.

Same composition in liquid, solidor gas form


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Ionic and

dissolved

Nonionic & un-

dissolved

Gaseo

us

Cationic

Anionic Turbidity, silt, mud, dirtand other suspendedmatterOrganic matter

MicroorganismsBacteriaOilCorrosion products

CarbondioxideHydrogen sulfide

AmmoniaMethaneOxygenChlorine

CalciumMagnesiumSodiumPotassiumAmmoniumIronManganese

BicarbonateCarbonateHydroxideSulfateChlorideNitratePhosphateSilicaOrganicmatterColor

Impurities in WaterImpurities in Water


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CLARIFIERCLARIFIED WATERFILTERFILTERED WATERSLUDGEPre-treatment of water

PolyLime

Alum


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Sedimentation

Liquid solid separation process after the waterhas been coagulated and flocculated.

Coagulants

Widely used Alum, Ferrous and ferric salts.

Organic Polymers Called poly electrolytes used as a coagulant aids

to improve treatment.

Long chain anionic polymers are normally used.

Advantages with coagulation / Flocculation

i. settling rate increases

ii. Sludge formed denser

Principle of ClarifierPrinciple of Clarifier


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Lime softening is the process used toreduce temporary hardness of water bytreatment with lime.

Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H2O Mg(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2+ 2CaCO3 +2H2O CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O

Lime Softening


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Clarifier Top View


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Mixing Zone


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Settling Zone


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CationExchangeResin

Removes cations from water

Anion Exchange Resin

Removes anions from water

Deionization of WaterDeionization of Water


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Cation Exchange Reaction

Ion Exchange ReactionsIon Exchange Reactions

++

+

+

++++

+

+

++++

++

3

3

4

3

3

3

4

Na

K

Mg

Ca

3

SiO

HCO

Cl

SO

H

Na

K

Mg

Ca

RSO

SiO

HCO

Cl

SO

HRSO


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Anion Exchange Reaction

( ) ( ) ++ +

+

+

+ OHH

SiO

HCO

Cl

SO

CHRN

SiO

HCO

Cl

SO

HOHCHRN

3

3

4

33

3

3

4

33

Ion Exchange ReactionsIon Exchange Reactions


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BFW and STEAMdistribution system

Pre-heatingDe-aerator

V-201

B-605B-601/602

KS header

HS header

LS header

Hydrazine


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Power GenerationPower Generation

Two Gas Turbines 18 MW Each

Two Emergency diesel Generators 1.5 MW Each

Fermont Generators ( for Emergency) 200 KW each


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Power GenerationPower Generation

GAS TURBINE


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AtmosphericAir

Exhaust

Compressor Turbine

Rotor

Fuel IgnitionSource

Torque Output

to driven Load

Torque

Output to

Accessories

Gas TurbineGas Turbine

CombustionChamber


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Gas Turbine CycleGas Turbine Cycle1 2 : Reversible Adiabatic Compression (Ideal)

1 2 : Ir-reversible Adiabatic Compression (Actual)

2 3 : Constant Pressure Heat Supply in combustion chamber

3 4 : Reversible Adiabatic Expansion (Ideal)

3 4 : Ir-reversible Adiabatic Expansion ( Actual)

1

22

3

4

4

T

S


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FFC GAS TURBINES

No. of Gas turbines : 02Gas Turbine make : General Electric Co. USA

DATA SUMMARY

Gas Turbine model series : MS-5001(Specific model: PG-5341) : Single Shaft Unit

Gas Turbine application : Generator DriveBase out put : 18 MWOperation cycle : SimpleShaft speed : 5089 rpmAir inlet temp. : 43 Exhaust temp. (On Gas fuel) : 482 Atmospheric Pressure : 0.99 bar22


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Compressor SectionCompressor type : Axial Flow HorizontalSplit Casing

No. of compressor stages : 17Inlet Guide Vanes : Variable

Turbine SectionNo. of Turbine Stages : Two

Combustion SectionCombustors : 10( multiple combustors, reverse flow design)

Chamber Arrangement : Concentrically(located around the compressor)

FFC GAS TURBINES


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Fuel nozzle : Pressure atomizing 1 per chamber

Spark plugs : 02, Electrical type, spring injected, selfretracting

Flame detectors: 02, ultra-violet type

Starting system Starting device : Diesel Engine

Reduction Gear Shaft speed ratio : 5089/3000 rpm

Generator Type : Air cooled open ventilated

Rating : 31375 kva

Rpm : 3000

Volts : 6300 volts

Frequency : 50 Hz.

FFC GAS TURBINES


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COOLING TOWERCOOLING WATER BASIN

UTILITIESPROCESS


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Air ConditioningAir Conditioning

Absorption Chillers

Plant site 02 Units (210 Tons Each)

Township 02 Units (245 Tons Each) &

01 Unit (450 Tons)


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Absorption ChillersAbsorption Chillers

Use Water as Refrigerant & LiBr as absorbent

Working Principle:

1) Water Boils and Flash-Cools Itself at Low

Temperatures When Maintained at a High Vacuum.(e.g. At 6.35 mm Hg B.P. of water is 4.4 C)

2) Some Salt Solutions have ability to absorb watervapors.


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Main componentsMain components

Evaporator:Returning chilled water is cooled indirectly by watersprayed over tubes. Due to vacuum, water flashes and coolsthe remaining water.

Absorber:Strong salt solution absorbs water vapor flashed in the

evaporator. Total heat load is transferred to cooling water.

Heat Exchanger:Used to improve cycle efficiency by heat between weak

solution leaving the Absorber & strong hot solution returningfrom the Generator.


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Generator:

A steam heated section used to restore solutionconcentration by boiling off the water vapor absorbed .

Condenser:

The water vapor boiled off in the Generator is condensed

in this section and returned to the Evaporator

Main components (Contd.)


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Air Conditioning


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C

C

chiller

room

Wall

windowAir Duct

FanCoil

Control

valvechilled

water

Pump

The Climatisation SystemThe Climatisation System


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Waste Management

Liquid WastesCooling Tower Blow Down

Oily water

Storm/ washing waterChemically Contaminated Water

Solid Wastes

Chromate SludgeLime Sludge


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Chromate Removal PlantChromate Removal Plant

Why to remove Chromate? Electro chemical Cells.

6H2O + 6e- 3H2 + 6OH-

3Fe 3Fe+2 + 6e-

3Fe+2 + 4OH- + CrO4+ 4H

2O 3Fe(OH)

3+ Cr(OH)

3

Zn+2 + 2OH- Zn(OH)2

Sludge Contact Clarifier.

Anthracite Filters

Disposal options


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Chromate Removal PlantChromate Removal Plant

Clarifier & Filters Electrochemical Cell


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Chemical and Oily Water treatmentChemical and Oily Water treatment

Separation of oil from water Neutralization of Chemical water

Disposal OptionsEvaporation Ponds

SCARP Drain line

Lime and Chromate Sludge Disposal


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Instrument and Plant AirInstrument and Plant Air

Requirement Quality

Moisture Removal Filtration Difference between Instrument and plant Air


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I n s t r u m e n t A i r S t o r a g e T a n k

F r o m M a i n

C o m p r e s s o r

A i rA i r

I n t e r S t a g e

C o o l e r

I n t e r S t a g e

C o o l e r

1 s t S t a g e

2 n d S t a g e

1 s t S t a g e

2 n d S t a g e

A i r D r y e r s

F i l t e r s

A i r C o m p r e s s o r A i r C o m p r e s s o r

I N S T R U M E N T A I R P L A N T

c a p a c i t y 1 3 0 0 N M C

A f t e r C o o l e r A f t e r C o o l e r

T o I n s t r u m e n t

A i r H e a d e r

T o P l a n t A i r

H e a d e r


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Inert Gas PlantInert Gas Plant

Inert Gas Uses Purging of vessels, tanks, pipelines, heat exchangers

To maintain inert atmosphere in oil consoles

Consumption during Shutdown/Turnaround

Blanketing of catalysts

Generation Processes

Natural Gas Combustion

(Process Employed at Base Unit)

Air Liquefaction Process(Process Employed at Expansions Unit)


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Inert gas GenerationInert gas Generation

Natural Gas Combustion

Main Equipments

Combustion Chamber

Main Compressors

Carbon Dioxide absorbers Booster Compressors

Storage tank

CHCH44 + 2O+ 2O22 COCO22 + 2H+ 2H22OO

2CH2CH44+ 3O+ 3O22 2CO + 4H2CO + 4H22OO


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CO2 and Moisture Removal

CO2Adsorbers

Ultrasorbers

Condensate traps

Inert Gas GenerationInert Gas Generation

Documents

Utility Plant Description