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Utilisation of waste plastic in bitumen road construction

NEED FOR THE STUDY:1) Disposal of waste plastic is a major problem2) It is non-biodegradable3) Burning of these waste plastic bags causes environmental pollution.4) It mainly consists of low-density polyethylene

5) To find its utility in bituminous mixes for road construction laboratory performance studies were conducted on bituminous mixes. Laboratory studies proved that waste plastic enhances the property of the mix6) Improvement in properties of bituminous mix provides the solution for disposal in an useful way

INTRODUCTIONBitumen is a useful binder for road construction. Different grades of bitumen like 30/40, 60/70 and 80/ 100 are available on the basis of their penetration values. Today the availability of the waste plastics is enormous, as the plastic materials have become part and parcel of daily life.

Cont..,Thinner polythene carry bags are most abundantly disposed of wastes, which do not attract the attending rag pickers for collection for onward recycling, for lesser value. The waste polymer bitumen blend can be prepared and a study of the properties can throw more light on their use for road laying.

DIFFERENT TYPE OF WASTE PLASTIC (POLYMER) AND ITS ORIGIN:

Type of waste plastic (polymer) origin

Low density polyethylene (LDPE): High density polyethylene (HDPE): Polypropylene (PP):Polystyrene (PS): Foamed Polystyrene:Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC):

MATERIALS USED in mix process

1) AGGREGATE: Aggregate of 20mm, 10 mm. Stone Dust and Lime as Filler

2) BITUMEN : 60/70, 80/100 grade bitumen 3) WASTE PLASTIC: Waste plastic in the shredded form.

Types of plastic waste usedThe following types ofwasteplastic can be used in the construction of rural roads:Films ( Carry Bags, Cups) thickness up to 60micron (PE, PP and PS)

PolyVinyl Chloride (PVC) sheets or Flux sheets should not be used in any case.

Steps of process of making the mix

Process-1The Waste Plastic in different forms (HDPE,LDPE,PP,PS,PE )is collected.The waste plastic may be in the form of carrybags, manufacturing covers etc..,

PROCESS STEP 2 Plastics waste (bags,cups,thermocole) made out of PE,PP and PS cut into a size between 2.36mm and 4.75mm using shredding machine (Aggletometor), (PVC waste should be eliminated).

PROCESS STEP 3

At the mixing chamber, the shredded plastics waste is to be added. It get coated uniformly over the aggregate within 30 to 60 seconds, giving an oily look.

PROCESS STEP 4The plastics waste coated aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen and the resulted mix is used forroadconstruction. The road laying temperature is between 110c to 120c. Therollerused is 8-tonnecapacity.

Characteristics of the process:Easy process without any new machineryIn situ processUse of lesser % of bitumen and thus savings on bitumen resourceUse of plastics waste for a safe and eco-friendly process

Cont...,Both Mini Hot Mix Plant and Central Mixing Plant can be usedOnly aggregate is polymer coated and bitumen is not modified No evolution of any toxic gases like dioxinFly ash can also be used to give a better performance

Procedure to construct plastic road

Step-1Initially ,before laying the road the surveying is carried out and the ground is made levelled by two processes1.Cutting2.FillingAfter surveying the road is compressed with the help of roller to reduce the voids of soil particles.

Step-2Levelled and compressed ground is filled with all the layers in cross section of a road and again compressed.

Step-3After laying the layers of road ,polymer bitumien mix is laid and compressed with roller of 8 tonnes weight.

TESTS FOR AGGREGATE

-Sieve Analysis of Aggregates Specific Gravity & Water Absorption Test [IS: 2386 (Part 3) 1963] Aggregate Impact Value Test [IS: 2386 (part 4) 1963] Aggregate Crushing Value [IS: 2386 (Part 4) 1963] Flakiness & Elongation Index Test [IS: 2386 (part 1) 1963]

Tests for bitumen Penetration Test [Is: 1203-1978] Softening Point Test [Is: 1205-1978] Ductility Test [IS: 1208-1978] Viscosity Test: Flash Point and Fire PointMarshall Test

Characteristics of plastic coated aggregate

Plastic road increases Aggregate Impact ValuePercentage % of plasticsAggregate Impact ValueNILL25.41%27.202%28.50

% of plasticsDuctility (cm)Penetration(mm)Softening point 1%6495542%5590503%2080505%11557210%7NILL75

Use of high amount of plastic in bitumen is not favourable

UseofPE,PPandPScannotliberate dioxinevenonburning

C+O2+Cl2+Cu II Catalyst300-350 degree partialDioxinPVCaloneonheatingmayresultindioxinformation(300350deg.C) (reverse cooling)

Thermal Behaviour of plastic

Project Details

PlanningTo construct a 68 m plastic bitumen road infront of the college canteen in Avanthi Engineering college,Hyderabad.

Length includes from the culvert near the MBA block to Engineering work shop.

Site observationThe length to be constructed is of 67.7 m Width of the lane is 7 mThe lane has a slight divert in direction after the hostel canteen and is of not levelledThe lane is already filled with base and sub-base course layers.

Estimation & Costing

Estimation of test values from previous projects went success1. Bitumen: i) Penetration Test 35 mm ii) Ductility Test 6.5 N/mm2 iii) Softening Point Test 70 C iv) Flash & Fire Point 265 C & 290 C

Cont..,2. Aggregate: i) Specific Gravity - 2.82 ii) Water Absorption Test - 2.1 % iii) Impact Value Test - 8.77 % iv) Abrasion Test 15.7 %

Cont..,Plastics:-1.Size : 2.36 mm - 4.75 mmAggletometor is used for shredding.Specifications of aggletometor:- Vessels size 600mm dia. X 900mm ht. - Rotatory knives-4. - Fix knives -6. -Ph induction A.C. Motor-30hpmake Crompton greaves ATK 222 Model SE/A2 30 HP. - Length of blade-200mm.

Cont...,Aggregate Impact value - should be less than 10%Aggregate crushing value - range between 30-35 %Specific Gravity - 2.5-3.0 %Water absorption - less than 10%Abrasion value less than 10%

Estimation of materials68 m length4 m width3.5 cm/35 mm/0.035 m thicknessBitumen required 1 tonne i.e., 15 kg/m Plastics required 100 kg

Estimation of cost without labour and machineCost of 1 tonne Bitumen is Rs.30,000/tonneCost of waste plastic shredded is of Rs.12-18/kgAt present estimated cost from live site details is as follows 1 cu.m - Rs.10,000 for normal road i.e.,4 m width1 cu.m - Rs.8000 for plastic road i.e.., 4 m width.So from above information 68 x0.035 x 4 = 9.52 cu.m 9.52 x 10,000 = Rs. 95,200/- for normal bitumen road9.52 x 8,000 = Rs. 76,160+1800=Rs.77,960/- for plastic roads Net Cost saved = Rs.17,240/- app-Rs.18,000/-

AdvantagesMore EconomicalReduces Bitumen Percentage upto 10%Increase strength and performance of road.Eco-Friendly projectReduces plastic waste in Ecosystem

DisadvantagesToxics present in co-mingled plastic waste start leaching.Presence of cl2 definately release HCl gas

Conclusion By utilization of such polymer waste would be a boon for Indias hot and extremely humid climate, where temperature frequently crosses 50 degree Centigrade.As it is also more economical,it can e encouraged in the countries like India which are developing countries.As it is Eco-Friendly project the Government undertake the project in the part Swach Bharat & Swach Telangana.

A Project by.......G.Shiva Krishna -12PT1A0112 (project Group leader )G.Vamshidhar Rao -12PT1A0113Ch.Srikanth 12PT1A0108K.Naveen 12PT1A0117

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