Using UAS Technology for Invasive Plant Management 3... · Using UAS Technology for Invasive Plant Management May 8, 2018 ... • Fills cost effective niche in geospatial data acquisition

Using UAS Technology for Invasive Plant Management

May 8, 2018

2018 Aquatic Weed Control Short Course

Coral Springs, FL

Adam Benjamin, P.S.M.UF/IFAS Fort Lauderdale R.E.C.

• UAS Background

• UAS Applications

• Regulatory Environment

• Future Trends & Impacts

Using UAS Technology for Invasive Plant Management

What is UAS?

• Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a.k.a. drone

o Aircraft w/o human pilot on board

o Flight is controlled either:

1. Autonomously by computers in the vehicle

2. OR, under the remote control of a pilot on the ground or in another vehicle

What is UAS?

Northrup Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk

Prox Dynamics Black Hornet Nano

• Unmanned aircraft system (UAS) includes all elements beyond an aircraft itself. A typical UAS consists of the:1. UAV

What is UAS?

DJI Phantom

Rotorcraft (VTOL)DJI Spreading Wings S1000

Typical sUAS (under 55lbs)


What is UAS?

Fixed WingTrimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Rover

Typical sUAS (under 55lbs)

eBee SenseFly


2. control system, such as Ground Control Station (GCS)

3. control link, a specialized datalink

What is UAS?

Ground Control Stations

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_Control_Station

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datalink


2. control system, such as Ground Control Station (GCS)

3. control link, a specialized datalink

4. other related support equipment (e.g., imaging sensors).

What is UAS?

Imaging Sensors

DSLR Camera (RGB, NIR) Video Camera

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_Control_Station

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datalink

UAS Sensors

Thermal IR Camera Hyperspectral Camera

Imaging Sensors (cont.)

UAS SensorsLiDAR Sensor

UAS Sensors

Sensors for Atmospheric Monitoring

Additional Components

UAS Sensors

Thermal Sensors for Water Monitoring


UAS Sensors

Spray Devices


Why UAS Aerial Imaging?

• Fills cost effective niche in geospatial data acquisition between traditional surveying technologies and traditional photogrammetry

• Rapid mobilization/deployment for sUAS

• Dense GSD data acquisition o f(flying height, side/end overlap)



Creating Orthophotos



Major Areas for UAS Application


Civil/Coastal

• Inspect construction progress

• Inspect structural conditions

Credit: Aerovironment


Civil/Coastal

• Performing Volumetric Analyses (DEM, DTM) • (e.g., Monitoring Beach

Erosion)


Civil/Coastal


Utilities - Oil/Gas

• Oil spill detection/damage assessment

• Oil/Gas pipeline surveillance incident mapping

• Coastline monitoring

• Sea ice monitoring

• Terrain mapping

• Facility security Credits: Aerovironment


Law Enforcement

• Search for suspects and missing persons

• Standoff or hostage situation

• CSI

• Explosive & bomb disposal response

• Narcotics investigation

• Hazmat incidents

• Crowd/riot control

• Situational awarenessCredits: Aerovironment


Search & Rescue

• Search for missing persons

• Search and recovery operations

• Disaster & emergency response

Credits: Aerovironment


Fire

• Fire-monitoring support/coord.

• Damage assessment

• Hot-spot detection

• Wildfire mapping

• Explosive detection

• Disaster & emergency response

• Hazardous material investigation Credits: Aerovironment


Agriculture

• Monitor crops for ripeness

• Inspect crops for diseases, harmful insects, and nutritional deficiencies

• Distribute pesticides

Credits: Aerovironment


Delivery

Many more UAS Applications to come…

Next…Water Resource Applications

UAS Applications for Water Resources & Wetlands

Assessing Conditions with Imagery








Assessing Conditions with Video


Evaluating Submerged Habitat & Vegetation


Obtaining Water Samples


Obtaining Water Samples


Applying Herbicides


Applying Herbicides – Aircraft


Applying Herbicides - UAS

Great – Let’s get started!

.org

Legal Flight OperationsPathways to Legal Flight for Unmanned Aircraft

Section 336 vs COA/Section 333 vs Part 107

Section 336 – Special Rule for Model Aircrafta.k.a. Hobbyists

https://www.faa.gov/uas/getting_started/model_aircraft/

https://www.faa.gov/uas/getting_started/model_aircraft/

Section 336 – Special Rule for Model Aircrafta.k.a. Hobbyists

Non-Recreational: COA/Sec. 333 vs Part 107a.k.a. Business and Research entities

COA/Sec. 333

Non-Recreational: COA/Sec. 333 vs Part 107

Certificate of Waiver or Authorization

(COA)

Public Entities

Public Aircraft

Aircraft Model

Defined Location(s)

Approved by UAS Integration Office

Special Airworthiness Certificate (SAC)

Manufacturers

Registered Aircraft

Aircraft Serial Number

Defined Location(s)

Approved by Manufacturing Inspection District Office

FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, Section 333

Exemption

Civil Operators

Waiver request for commercial operation

Aircraft Model

Potentially Flexible Location

Approved by Administrator of the FAA

Key Requirements for COAs – Intense Req!

• Public Entitieso Public universities, law enforcement, department of

transportation, etc.

• Aircrafto Must be owned by the proponent

o Airworthiness of aircraft is self-certified by proponent

• Operatoro PPL Ground school passing grade for Class G airspace

o PPL for controlled airspace (other than G)

o Observer and Pilot must each have a current 2nd Class Medical

• Airspaceo Controlled or uncontrolled airspace, but not class B

o Determined by agreement among Flight Standards and Air Traffic Control



(COA)

Public Entities

Public Aircraft

Aircraft Model

Defined Location(s)



Manufacturers

Registered Aircraft


Defined Location(s)

Approved by Manufacturing

Inspection District Office


Exemption

Civil Operators


Aircraft Model


Approved by Admin. of the FAA



(COA)

Public Entities

Public Aircraft

Aircraft Model

Defined Location(s)



Manufacturers

Registered Aircraft


Defined Location(s)

Approved by Manufacturing

Inspection District Office


Exemption

Civil Operators


Aircraft Model


Approved by Administrator of the

FAA


Part 107: What do you need to know?

• Rules and regulations

• UAS Weather & Weather Sources

• Airspace

• UAS Loading & Performance

• Crew Resource Management

• Airport/Field Operations

• Radio Communications

• Emergency Procedures

• Preflight and Maintenance

• Waiver Requests

Weather – Aviation




Airspace!!

Airspace!!

• Class A – Altitude – 18,000 feet>

• Class B – Big - MSL -> 10,000 feet; Busiest airports; Must receive authorization from ATC.

• Class C – Crowded - MSL -> 4,000 feet; Must receive authorization from ATC.

• Class D – Dialogue - MSL -> 2,500 feet; Must receive authorization from ATC.

• Class E – Elsewhere - MSL -> 1,200 – 18,000 feet; do not need authorization from ATC.

• Class G – Go for it – MSL -> 1,200 feet; do not need authorization from ATC; UNCONTROLLED.

Airspace in SFL is complicated!

Airspace in SFL is complicated!

Airspace – KBYF AirMap

Airspace – AirMap for Part 107

Manned Aircraft

FAADroneZone – Waivers, Reg., Accidents

Waivers – What can be waived under part 107?

• Waivable sections of part 107

o Operation from a moving vehicle or aircraft (§107.25)*

o Daylight operation (§107.29)

o Visual line of sight aircraft operation (§107.31)*

o Visual observer (§107.33)

o Operation of multiple small unmanned aircraft systems (§107.35)

o Yielding the right of way (§107.37(a))

o Operation over people (§107.39)

o Operation in certain airspace (§107.41)

o Operating limitations for small unmanned aircraft (§107.51)

Waiver Research

FAADroneZone – Registration

FAADroneZone - Accidents

• Must report to the FAA within 10 days any operation that results in serious injury, loss of consciousness, or property damage (to property other than the UAS) of at least $500.


Now we can fly legally…

Now we can fly legally… let’s apply herbicides

Part 137 – Agricultural Aircraft Operators

• Advisory Circular 137-1B is the governing doc

• 1B (2017) is an update to 1A (2007) that incorporates UAS language

• Dispensing of any substance from an agricultural aircraft (including UAS) requires compliance with part 137o Herbicide, pesticide, water, fertilizer, etc.

o Exceptions include:

• Public aircraft

• Water on forest fires


• To be in compliance, multiple exemptions are required



Take away message:

To avoid breaking the law, ANY commercial/research UAS activity needs FAA approval especially if you are dispensing substances

Future Trends & Impacts


• Safetyo #1 priority of FAA

• Protect public safety through management of national airspace

o Short term: Technology (e.g., tracking) will make airspace safer


• Safetyo Long term: UAS Traffic Management systems (UTM)


• Affordabilityo Investment in UAS technology continues to grow

o Innovation yields consumer affordability


• Technology – Powero Batteries


• Technology – Powero Batteries

o Alternative Sources - Solar


• Technology – Sensors (Current)o Multispectral, Hyperspectral, LiDAR

Satellite





Hyperspectral

DiversitySpeciesStatus and stressNutrients




• Technology – Sensors (Future)o Multispectral, Hyperspectral, LiDAR (FLASH)


• Technology – Sensors (Future)o Imagery – GSD


• Technology - Communicationo Swarms, BLOS, etc.

Conclusions

• UAS technology is viable for many industries including water resources

• FAA coordination for legal operation is paramount for public safety and liability

• The future of UAS technology is exciting!

Thank You!

Adam [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

Using UAS Technology for Invasive Plant Management 3... · Using UAS Technology for Invasive Plant Management May 8, 2018 ... • Fills cost effective niche in geospatial data acquisition