Using TOC Thinking Tools to Write a Logical Argumentative ...tocico.net/TOCICO_Webinar_20100322_Logical_Writing... · ... Read a book and then write an essay. ... themselves opposing

Using TOC Thinking Tools to Using TOC Thinking Tools to Write a Logical Argumentative Write a Logical Argumentative

CompositionComposition

TOCICO TOCICO Webinar Webinar

March 22March 22ndnd, 2010, 2010

WonjoonWonjoon [email protected]@ulsan.ac.kr

Professor of Industrial EngineeringProfessor of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of UlsanUniversity of Ulsan

KoreaKorea

CompositionComposition

AgendaAgenda

• Argumentation

• TOCfE (TOC for Education) Thinking Tools

• A Format of Argumentative Writing

• A Standard Template of Argumentative Writing using TOCfE • A Standard Template of Argumentative Writing using TOCfE Thinking Tools – A Case Study

• Extensions

• Conclusions

Some (Most) students hate to write?!Some (Most) students hate to write?!

things which the parents want their kids to do, but the kids hate to do most?

No 3: Read a book.No 2: Write an essay.No 1: Read a book and then write an essay.

AbstractAbstract• While there are numerous applications of TOC Thinking Tools in the business sector and other non-business sectors such as education field, it is very hard to locate the application of TOC Thinking Tools in writing a rigorous composition.

• It is not the technical skill of expression but the thinking capacity that is the most important ingredient for writing a good logical argumentative composition. Explicit analysis of the issue should be made thoroughly and the foundation for the argument should be provided to communicate the idea to the argument should be provided to communicate the idea to the others effectively. In order to write a good argumentative composition, the framework of the logical development based on the critical thinking should be designed first.

• In this presentation, it will be shown how the TOC Thinking Tools can be effectively used to build up the framework of the logical argumentation. The process of using the TOC Thinking Tools for writing an argumentative composition will be introduced along with a standard template of the use of TOC Thinking Tools. Experiences with this template and its extensions will be shared in this presentation.

How Can We Write a Good How Can We Write a Good ArgumentativeArgumentativeComposition?Composition?

Argumentative CompositionEssay for Argumentation

Argumentation: Argumentation is an act to express his own thought based on the legitimate ground via verbal or written based on the legitimate ground via verbal or written communication and persuade the other part.

��

��

Assumptions HereAssumptions Here

•We will assume that the issue under consideration is evident, so that there is no ambiguity on assertions themselves opposing to each other in an argumentative situation.

• The purpose of this presentation is to show that TOCfE • The purpose of this presentation is to show that TOCfE thinking tools can be used to build up the framework of an argumentative writing.

• Polishing a writing is beyond the interest of this presentation, and thus will not be handled in this presentation.

The process of writing an argumentative The process of writing an argumentative essayessay

Framework of Framework of

ArgumentationArgumentation

IssueIssue

Translation into Translation into

WritingWriting

7

TOCfE TOCfE Thinking Thinking ToolsTools

TOCfETOCfE:: TOCTOC forfor EducationEducation

TOCfE (TOC for Education)

TOCfE thinking tools: simplified version of the logic trees of the TOC Thinking Processes

TOCfETOCfE

TOCfE’s generic tools:CloudBranchAmbitious Target Tree

TOC for Education, IncTOC for Education, IncTOC for Education, IncTOC for Education, Inc

TOCfE, Inc. was established in 1995 as a non-profit foundation to

introduce thinking skills to children to help them in personal development and learning

developmentdevelopment

TOC for Education, Inc."To make the wish come true..."

http://www.tocforeducation.com

a tool for defining and resolving conflict situations such as dilemma, disagreement, and argument

a tool based on cause a tool based on cause and effect logic

a tool for systematic planning, achieving goals and making an action plan to convert into action every step between the present situation and the goal

A Format of an Argumentative WritingA Format of an Argumentative Writing(One possible format)

A Format of an Argumentative WritingA Format of an Argumentative Writing

Introduction(1.1) to draw the attention on the issue.(1.2) to describe the assertions opposing to each other.(1.3) to guide transition to the main body of the writing.

Main body

(One possible format)

Main body(2.1) to understand the assertions in details.(2.2) to propose a resolution to the issue.(2.3) to verify the validity of the resolution.(2.4) to address issues in implementing the resolution.

Conclusion(3.1) to make a summary of the overall procession.(3.2) to recapitulate the key ideas and the consequences

of them.

IntroductionIntroduction


Main bodyMain body(2.1) to understand the assertions in details.(2.2) to propose a resolution to the issue.(2.3) to verify the validity of the resolution.(2.4) to address issues in implementing the resolution.


of them.

Example:Example:A Controversy over A Controversy over

Grand Korean Waterway ProjectGrand Korean Waterway ProjectStoryline:Storyline:

The Grand Korean Waterway is a proposed 540-kilometer (336 mile) long canal connecting Seoul and Busan, two of South Korea's largest cities. The proposed canal would traverse difficult mountainous terrain.

The canal is a project of Lee Myung-bak, the current president of South Korea. It has met with huge president of South Korea. It has met with huge controversy and disapproval. Lee stated that his canal will lessen the load on the clogged motorways of the country as heavy goods are taken off of trucks and put onto barges and rivercraft. He also argued that it will revitalize the interior of the country with renewed tourism and investment.

Many Koreans are anxious about Lee's plans. They argue that the canal will prove disastrous to the natural environment and potentially hazardous to the freshwater sources that nearly 50 million residents of the country depend on.

Source: Wikipedia, Grand Korean Waterway

Source: BBC newshttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7202161.stm

IntroductionIntroduction




of them.

Describing the Assertions Opposing to Describing the Assertions Opposing to Each OtherEach Other

CloudCloud

For any argumentative issue, there must be a conflictconflict. The structure of a conflict can be expressed with CloudCloud.

D’

D.

C.

B.

�.

WantNeed

Common Goal

WantNeed

Side 1

Side 2

What are the two sides involved?

WANT

Side 1

Side 2

What is the conflict?WANT

Side 2

What are the two sides involved?

WANT

Construct the Grand Waterway.

Government

NGOs

What is the conflict?WANT

Do NOT construct the Grand Waterway.

NGOs

WANT


Government

NGOs

What does each side NEED….?NEED

Reduce the Logistic Cost.

WANT


NGOs

When we insist on getting a certain WANTWANT, we always have a reason (a NEEDNEED).

NEED

Conserve the Environment

WANT


Government

NGO

What is the COMMON GOAL….?NEED

COMMON GOAL


Strengthen the Competitiveness

WANT


NGO

NEED

Conserve the Environment.

The COMMON GOAL COMMON GOAL is a situation both sides would like to have if they solve the problem.

Competitiveness of Nation.

WANT


Government

CloudCloudCloudCloudCloudCloudCloudCloud

NEED

COMMON GOAL


Strengthen the

WANT


Government

NGO

NEED


Strengthen the Competitiveness of Nation.

WANT


Government

CloudCloudCloudCloudCloudCloudCloudCloud

NEED

COMMON GOAL


Strengthen the

WANT


Government

NGO

NEED


Strengthen the Competitiveness of Nation.

Verification of the Logic:Verification of the Logic:VerbalizationVerbalization

“According to Government, in order to strengthen the competitiveness of the nation, we must reduce the logistic cost, and in order to reduce the logistic cost, we must construct the Grand Waterway. On the other hand, according to NGOs, in order to strengthen the competitiveness of the nation, we must conserve the environment, and in order to conserve the environment, we must not construct the Grand Waterway.

In order to … must …

�� ’��

�� !�� "�� #�� $ ��and in order to conserve the environment, we must not construct the Grand Waterway. Constructing the Grand Waterway and not constructing the Grand Waterway cannot be done at the same time.”

VerbalizationVerbalization (a Standard Way)(a Standard Way)

1)In order to strengthen the competitiveness of the nation, we must reduce the logistic cost. 2)To achieve it, we must construct the Grand Waterway. 3)On the other hand, in order to strengthen the competitiveness, we

We have lots of flexibility in translating the Cloud into a written statement.

Government

NGOs

D’Do NOT construct the Grand Waterway.

D.Construct the Grand Waterway.

C.Conserve the Environment.

B. Reduce the Logistic Cost.

A. Strengthen theCompetitiveness ofNation.

WantNeed

Common Goal

WantNeed

On the other hand, in order to strengthen the competitiveness, we must conserve the environment. 4)To do so, we must not construct the Grand Waterway.

VerbalizationVerbalization (Way 2)(Way 2)

1)In order to strengthen the competitiveness of the nation, we must reduce the logistic cost. 2)To achieve it, we must construct the Grand Waterway. 3)On the other hand, if we construct the Grand Waterway, we cannot

“According to Side 1, �� in order to achieve A, we must have B, and �� in order to have B, we must have D. On the other hand, according to Side 2, �� if we have D, then we can hardly get C, and thus �� in order to have C, we must have D’. �� D and D’ cannot be achieved at the same time.”

3)On the other hand, if we construct the Grand Waterway, we cannot conserve the environment. 4)So in order to conserve the environment, we must not construct the Grand Waterway. ��

’�� !�� "�� #�� $ ��

VerbalizationVerbalization (Way(Way 3)3)

1)Government asserts to construct the Grand Waterway, 2)because by doing so the logistic cost will be reduced and 3)thus the competitiveness of the nation will be strengthened.

“Side 1 asserts �� D, because ��with D, we can get B and �� with B we can get A. On the other hand, Side 2 asserts �� D’, because �� if we have D, then we can hardly get C.”

Government

NGO






WantNeed

Common Goal

WantNeed

of the nation will be strengthened. 4)On the other hand, NGOs assert not to construct the Grand Waterway, 5)because constructing the Grand Waterway makes it difficult to conserve the environment.

VerbalizationVerbalization (Way(Way 4)4)

1)Government asserts to construct the Grand Waterway and 2)NGOs oppose it. 3)Both sides have the common goal of strengthening the competitiveness of the nation. 4)According to Government, in order to strengthen the competitiveness of

“Side 1 asserts �� D, but Side 2 asserts �� D’. �� Both sides have the common objective A. According to Side 1, �� in order to have A, we must B and �� in order to have B, we must have D. On the other hand, according to Side 2, �� in order to have A, we must have C and �� in order to have C, we must have D’.”

nation. According to Government, in order to strengthen the competitiveness of the nation, we must reduce the logistic cost, and 5)to do so we must construct the Grand Waterway. 6)On the other hand, according to NGOs, in order to strengthen the competitiveness we must conserve the environment, and 7)to do so we must not construct the Grand Waterway.

Government

NGOs






WantNeed

Common Goal

WantNeed

Main BodyMain Body




of them.

Branch is a graphical representation of cause-and-effect relationships between entities. Branch is constructed by repetitive application of the basic unit:

BB

EffectEffect

BRANCHBRANCH

AA CC

CauseCause ExplanationExplanation

“If Cause A, then Effect B, because ExplanationExplanation C.” ExplanationExplanation means the ground on which a cause leads to an effect.

Main BodyMain Body




of them.

Understanding the Assertions in DetailsUnderstanding the Assertions in Detailsby Using a by Using a BRANCHBRANCH

BranchBranch helps us to check what consequences will appear after having an assertion implemented.

We can see the consequences of the assertion D or D’ in a cloud

We construct a positive branch a positive branch and a negative branch a negative branch of the assertion D. Here a positive (negative) branch of the assertion D means a D. Here a positive (negative) branch of the assertion D means a branch showing how the assertion D leads to the positive, i.e., desirable (negative, i.e., undesirable) consequences

Government

NGOs






WantNeed

Common Goal

WantNeed

Process of Constructing the Positive Process of Constructing the Positive Branch of the Assertion DBranch of the Assertion D

1) List up major positive consequences of assertion D.2) Connect two consequences that we feel have a causal relationship.

3) Incrementally refine each causal connection by adding stepping stones and explanations until we get a clear and irrefutable cause-and-effect branch.and irrefutable cause-and-effect branch.

1) List Up Major Positive Consequences 1) List Up Major Positive Consequences of Assertion D.of Assertion D.

Logistic costs of companies are reduced.

National economy is activated. Job

positions are created.

Inland

D. Construct the D. Construct the Grand WaterwayGrand Waterway

Inland backwaters are developed.

Building a Positive Branch of D(Construct the Grand Waterway)

??

2) Connect Two Consequences that We Feel 2) Connect Two Consequences that We Feel Have a Causal Relationship. Have a Causal Relationship.

Logistic costs of companies

National economy is activated.

Job positions are created.

Inland companies are reduced.


D. Construct the Grand Waterway


33--1)Incrementally Refine Each Causal 1)Incrementally Refine Each Causal Connection. Connection.

Logistic costs of companies



Inland companies are reduced.







Inland

Price competitiveness of companies is improved.



Companies transport commodities via Waterway.






Inland







3)Incrementally Refine Each Causal 3)Incrementally Refine Each Causal Connection. Connection.



Inland


Logistic Logistic costs of companies are reduced.



Waterway transportation is cheaper than overland transport.

Logistic cost is a major part of manufacturing cost.


Job positions are created for construction and maintenance of the Grand Waterway.

a Positive Branch of D(Construct the Grand Waterway)

Understanding the AssertionUnderstanding the Assertion –– Output 1Output 1



Inland


Logistic Logistic costs of companies are reduced.




Logistic cost is a major part of manufacturing cost.



a Positive Branch of D(Construct the Grand Waterway)

Understanding the AssertionUnderstanding the Assertion –– Output 2Output 2

River water is

River becomes rotten.

We have river floods frequently.

River Rivers are major drinking

We have most of precipitation during the summer.

Pooled water loses self-

Ecosystem of a river is damaged.

Supply of the drinking water is hazardous.

Drinking water sources other than river are developed.

Natural environment is destroyed.

National economy suffers loss.

Supply of industrial water becomes limited.

Many lock gates are constructed.

Flow velocity of a river decreases.

River water is pooled.

Ships use the Grand Waterway.

Much volume of ware is contained in a river.

River becomes severely polluted.

Ship movement requires certain depth of a river.

major drinking water sources.

summer. loses self-purification capacity.

Risk of a ship accident is always existent.


Ship accident occurs in the Grand Waterway.

a Negative Branch of D(Construct the Grand Waterway)

Verbalization (1)Verbalization (1)




If A, then B results, because C holds.

A causes B, because C holds.

Due to C, B results as a consequence of A.

If A and C, then B results.

…

We have A and C. Consequently, we have B

VerbalizationVerbalization (2)(2)


Waterway.

We construct the Grand Waterway.


…

If A, then B and C result.

A causes B and C.

As a consequence of A, B and C result.

Main BodyMain Body




of them.

Proposition of a Resolution to the Issue Proposition of a Resolution to the Issue --Cloud Cloud

In any logical assertion and thinking, there are assumptions whether we notice them or not.We firstfirst surface assumptions behind each arrow. (Most of the times, it suffices to surface assumptions on B-D and C-D’.)

AssumptionsAssumptions• The S-B highway will be saturated soon.• It is not economical to build additional highway. • There are significant amount of goods which will use the Grand Waterway.•Only the Grand Waterway is the economic alternative.

Government

NGOs






WantNeed

Common Goal

WantNeed

BECAUSEBECAUSEAssumptionsAssumptions

• The S-B highway will be saturated soon.• It is not economical to build additional highway. • There are significant amount of goods which will use the Grand Waterway.•Only the Grand Waterway is the economic alternative.

Assumptions

BECAUSEBECAUSE

SecondlySecondly, we identify and invalidate erroneous assumptions by proposing a resolution.

Proposition of a Resolution to the Issue Proposition of a Resolution to the Issue --Cloud Cloud

Government

NGOs






WantNeed

Common Goal

WantNeed

Expand the Harbor logistics system in the metropolitan area.

Proposition of a Resolution to the Issue Proposition of a Resolution to the Issue --Verbalization Verbalization

Government asserts that in order to reduce the logistic cost, we must construct the Grand Waterway. Is there really any way to reduce the logistic cost without constructing the Grand Waterway?

The reasons that we need to construct the Grand Waterway in order to reduce the logistic cost are that the S-B highway will be saturated soon, it is not economical to build additional highway, there are significant amount of goods which will use the Grand Waterway, and significant amount of goods which will use the Grand Waterway, and only the Grand Waterway is the economic alternative. But these are based on the false premise that there is no harbor available in the metropolitan area.

If we have a harbor logistics system in the metropolitan area with enough capacity, it might be more economical to use this harbor for the freight in the future. Therefore, we propose an idea of expanding the harbor logistics system in the metropolitan area as an alternative to the Grand Waterway.

Main BodyMain Body




of them.

Verifying the Validity of the Resolution Verifying the Validity of the Resolution --BranchBranch

National logistics cost decreases. Natural

• We check if the suggested resolution is really a win-win solution. • We construct a positive branch positive branch of the suggested resolution.• If an unexpected negative consequence appears in process of building the branch, then it is necessary to find a preventive measure. (This prevention process is called trimmingtrimming.)

Companies in the metropolitan area cut down the logistic costs

logistics cost decreases.

Companies in the metropolitan area represent the major part of the national

economy.

This Harbor is close to the metropolitan

area.

Natural environment of rivers are conserved.

Development of a harbor system is irrelevant to the ecosystem

of a river.Expand the Harbor logistics system

in the metropolitan area.

Main BodyMain Body




of them.

OBSTACLE OBSTACLE

AMBITIOUS TARGET

STEPPING STONESTEPPING STONE

Ambitious Target TreeAmbitious Target Tree

Ambitious Target Tree is a tool for systematic planning, achieving goals and making an action plan to convert into action every step between the present situation and the target.

OBSTACLE OBSTACLE

STEPPING STONESTEPPING STONE

Addressing Issues in Implementing the Addressing Issues in Implementing the Resolution Resolution –– Ambitious Target TreeAmbitious Target Tree

Expand the Harbor logistics system in the metropolitan

area.

Expand the number

ObstaclesIntermediate Objectives

• We first list up obstacles and then devise the intermediate objectives required to overcome each obstacle.

• The Ambitious Target Tree is the diagram which shows the sequence of the intermediate objectives.

We conduct an objective economic analysis over

candidates of the harbor.

Expand the number of international

regular freight lines.

Expand the transportation network in the

region.

Develop logistics estate supporting

the harbor.

Objectives

• There is no consensus on which harbor will be expanded.

• We conduct an objective economic analysis over candidates of the harbor.

• International regular freight lines are not enough.

• Expand the number of international regular freight lines.

• Transportation infrastructure between metropolitan industrial estates and the harbor is weak.

• Expand the transportation network in the region.

• Develop logistics estate supporting the harbor.

Addressing Issues in Implementing the Addressing Issues in Implementing the Resolution Resolution –– VerbalizationVerbalization

Then let’s consider how to implement the expansion of the harbor logistics system in the metropolitan area. In order to implement it several obstacles must be overcome.

First of all, there is no consensus on which harbor will be expanded.And international regular freight lines are not enough. Transportation infrastructure between metropolitan industrial And international regular freight lines are not enough. Transportation infrastructure between metropolitan industrial estates and the harbor is weak.

In order to overcome these obstacles, we need to conduct an objective economic analysis over candidates of the harbor, and to expand the number of international regular freight lines. Furthermore we need to expand the transportation network in the region and to develop logistics estate supporting the harbor.

ConclusionConclusion




of them.

A Format of an Argumentative WritingA Format of an Argumentative Writing



Conclusion(3.1) to make a summary of the overall procession.(3.2) to recapitulate the key ideas and the consequences of them.

A Standard Template for Writing an A Standard Template for Writing an Argumentative CompositionArgumentative Composition

Item TOCfEthinking tool

Example

Intro

ductio

n

1.1 to draw the attention to the issue

There is a controversy over the [issue].

1.2 to introduce the assertions opposing to each other

Cloud To show the Cloud describing the [issue]:In order to achieve A, we must have B. And for it, we must have D. On the other hand, In order to achieve A, we must have C. And for it, we must have D’.

1.3 to guide transition to the main body of the writing

Then let’s see how to resolve the [issue].

Main

body

2.1 to understand the assertions in details

Branch To show a positive Branch of the assertion D (or D’)To show a negative Branch of the assertion D (or D’)

2.2 to propose a resolution idea to the issue

Cloud To surface assumptions and propose a resolution idea:In order to satisfy B, we must have D (or in order to satisfy C, we must have D’) because [assumptions] hold. We propose … as a resolution idea.

2.3 to verify the feasibility of the resolution idea

Branch To describe briefly the consequences from the resolution idea.

2.4 to address issues in implementing the resolution

Target Tree To identify the obstacles to implementation of the resolution and propose the stepping stones overcoming the obstacles

Conclu

sion

3.1 to make a summary of theoverall procession

Cloud So far we have examined the [issue ]and a resolution idea for it. To sum up, …

3.2 to recapitulate the key ideas and the consequences of them

Cloud & Branch

To describe the resolution idea and the consequences of the resolution idea.

Guideline of Translating the TOCfE Logic Guideline of Translating the TOCfE Logic Trees into a Written StatementTrees into a Written Statement

•One to one translation may not work. (too mechanical)

•We have lots of flexibility in translating the TOCfE logic trees into a written statement:

� We can repeat a key statement or switch the places of two statements for highlighting the point.

� We can also modify the statements by adding, deleting, or changing words if it helps better communication.

�or changing words if it helps better communication.

•Clarity is the most important point:

üsimple and short as much as possible

•We must be careful against modifying the statements too much to the extent beyond the framework given by the TOCfE thinking tools because it may cause a leap in the logic or contradiction.

A Set of Templates for Writing an A Set of Templates for Writing an Argumentative CompositionArgumentative Composition

Item TOCfEthinking tool

Standard Template

Cloud Oriented

Branch Oriented

Cloud&BranchOriented

Cloud & TargetTree

Oriented

Branch & Target Tree

Oriented

Intro

ductio

n

1.1 to draw the attention to the issue O O O O O O1.2 to introduce the assertions opposing to each other

Cloud O O O O

1.3 to guide transition to the main body of the O O O Othe main body of the writing

O O O O

Main

body

2.1 to understand the assertions in details Branch O O O O

2.2 to propose a resolution idea to the issue

Cloud O O trimming O O trimming

2.3 to verify the feasibility of the resolution idea

Branch O O O O

2.4 to address issues in implementing the resolution

Target Tree O O O

Conclu

sion

3.1 to make a summary of the overall procession Cloud O O O O O O

3.2 to recapitulate the key ideas and the consequences of them

Cloud & Branch O O O O O O

1. to draw the attention to the issue

2. to introduce the assertions

3. to guide transition to the main body of the writing

4. to propose a resolution idea to the issue

CloudCloud--orientedoriented

Mrs. HWANG Joong-Sook , Teacher of the Bunae Elementary School, Incheon, Korea

the issue

6. Conclusion(Summary and recapitulation)

5. to describe briefly the consequences from the resolution idea.

Cloud & BranchCloud & Branch--orientedoriented

Mrs. HWANG Joong-Sook , Teacher of the Bunae Elementary School, Incheon, Korea

Plan

Write

An 8An 8--year old uses a Logic Branch to plan a composition year old uses a Logic Branch to plan a composition about a fire. Using a cloud to discuss the moral in the about a fire. Using a cloud to discuss the moral in the story.story.

Discuss

Mrs. KHAW Choon Ean, TOCfE TACT Workshop, Seoul, Korea 2006

��

� ��

�� !��"�� !��"############################################################$$%��%��&& && &&

'��" ( ��" )�� " '��" ( ��" )�� "&&

��*��" ��*��" ��*��" ��*��"

��

�� How sure the arguer is about his/her claim

�� Exceptions to the Claim

�� ’’��

�� !��"��# �� "��"�� #��"�� #� �� $%�

�� $%

�� !��"�� !��"############################################################$$%��%��&& && &&

'��" '��" ( ��" ( ��" )�� " )�� "&&

��*��" ��*��"

��

� �� $%

��

&� ��"�� "�� #��$%�

�� How sure the arguer is about his/her claim

� �� "%

�� "�� #�� #��$%

� �� Exceptions to the Claim '�� %��"�� # �� $%

�� ’’��

��

��

��

��

��

��

�� ’’��

��

��

��

� ��

Negative Branch Negative Branch Reservation Reservation (NBR)(NBR)

�� ’’��

��

��

��

��

� ��

��

��

��

Negative Branch Negative Branch Reservation Reservation (NBR)(NBR)

BranchBranch--orientedoriented1.1 to draw the attention to the issue

2.1 to understand the assertions in details by creating a Positive Branch

2.1’ to understand the assertions in details by creating a Negative Branch

2.2 to propose a resolution idea to the issue by Trimming the Negative BranchTrimming the Negative Branch

2.3 to verify the feasibility of the resolution idea by creating the corrected Negative Branch

3.1 to make a summary of the overall procession3.2 to recapitulate the key ideas and the consequences

of them

To be verified with college and elementary school students in the future.

Benefits of this ProcessBenefits of this Process-- Empirical Results Empirical Results

The process helps a lot

• to build up the capacity of logical thinking. • to think about alternatives (Win-Win solutions)

• to summarize the opinion of the other side without intimidating the feeling of the other side.

• to cultivate the attitude to consider the meaning of the assertion of the opposing side rather than repeat •assertion of the opposing side rather than repeat one’s assertion.

• to feel at ease in writing an argumentative essay.

• However, we should keep it mind that sticking to the formalities without the support of internal thinking capability does not guarantee achievement of the goal of argumentation to communicate and persuade one’s assertion to the other side.

About Wonjoon ChoiAbout Wonjoon Choi••Dr. Dr. WonjoonWonjoon ChoiChoi is a Professor of Industrial is a Professor of Industrial Engineering at the University of Ulsan, Korea.Engineering at the University of Ulsan, Korea.•• He has a BBA from Seoul National University, He has a BBA from Seoul National University, a MS in Industrial Engineering from KAIST, and a MS in Industrial Engineering from KAIST, and a Ph.D. in Industrial and Systems Engineering a Ph.D. in Industrial and Systems Engineering from the University of Florida. from the University of Florida. ••He is interested in practical application of TOC He is interested in practical application of TOC (Theory of Constraints) Thinking Tools to (Theory of Constraints) Thinking Tools to Industrial Problems and Classroom Learning. Industrial Problems and Classroom Learning. Industrial Problems and Classroom Learning. Industrial Problems and Classroom Learning. ••He is an AGIHe is an AGI--Jonah and is certified in the TOC Jonah and is certified in the TOC Thinking Process, TOC in Education, and other Thinking Process, TOC in Education, and other areas by the Theory of Constraints International areas by the Theory of Constraints International Certification Organization. Certification Organization. ••He serves as a viceHe serves as a vice--president of TOC Korea president of TOC Korea Association and an advisor to Association and an advisor to TOCfETOCfE (TOC for (TOC for Education) Korea. Education) Korea. ••He has conducted many TOC Thinking Tools He has conducted many TOC Thinking Tools Workshops with businessmen and teachers in Workshops with businessmen and teachers in Korea. He has been working with teachers in Korea. He has been working with teachers in Korea for introducing TOC Thinking Tools into Korea for introducing TOC Thinking Tools into classrooms.classrooms.

Any Questions?Any Questions?Any Questions?Any Questions?

Documents

Using TOC Thinking Tools to Write a Logical Argumentative ...tocico.net/TOCICO_Webinar_20100322_Logical_Writing... · ... Read a book and then write an essay. ... themselves opposing