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Using the Camera Controls
Creating Depth and
Enhancing Motion
Using the Camera Controls
It’s all about Control! Control what we see in your photograph Control how much is in focus Control how still a moving subject is Control, control, control!
Shutter Speed Dial Aperture Ring
Using the Camera Controls
The aperture controls how much of the scene is in focus.
The shutter speed controls how movement looks in the photograph.
Aperture Controls Focus
f-stop = “focus” stop
22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2
Aperture Ring
Aperture Controls Focus
The aperture controls how much of the scene is in focus.
“f-stop” means “focus” stop.
f-stop determines the depth of field in a photograph.
Depth of Field
The area of acceptable focus in a photograph.
In other words, how much of the scene is in focus.
Depth of Field
Shallow Depth of Field: Limited focus. Use a “large” opening with a small f-stop
number. f 4, f 2.8, f 2 give shallow depth of field.
Shallow Depth of Field
Limited focus.
“Large”opening with a small f-stop number.
f 4, f 2.8, f 2 give very shallow depth of field.
• Charles Porter
Shallow Depth of Field
Limited focus.
“Large”opening with a small f-stop number.
f 4, f 2.8, f 2 give shallow depth of field.
• Neil Leifer
Shallow Depth of Field
Limited focus.
“Large”opening with a small f-stop number.
f 4, f 2.8, f 2 give shallow depth of field.
• Henri Cartier-Bresson
Depth of Field
Great Depth of Field: Most of scene is in focus. Use a “small”opening with a large f-stop
number. f 22, f 16 give great depth of field.
Great Depth of Field
Most, if not all, of the scene is in focus.
Use a “small” opening with a large f-stop number.
f 22, f 16 give great depth of field.
• Ansel Adams
Great Depth of Field
Most, if not all, of the scene is in focus.
Use a “small” opening with a large f-stop number.
f 22, f 16 give great depth of field.
• Ansel Adams
Great Depth of Field
Most, if not all, of the scene is in focus.
Use a “small” opening with a large f-stop number.
f 22, f 16 give great depth of field.
• Neil Leifer
Which? Shallow or Great Depth of Field?
• Henri Cartier-Bresson
Most of scene in focus.
“Small”opening with a large f-stop number.
Which f-stops?
Which? Shallow or Great Depth of Field?
• Art Wolfe
Limited focus.
“Large”opening with a small f-stop number.
Which f-stops?
Which? Shallow or Great Depth of Field?
• John Sexton
Most of scene in focus.
“Small”opening with a large f-stop number.
Which f-stops?
Which? Shallow or Great Depth of Field?
• Margaret Bourke-White
Most of scene in focus.
“Small”opening with a large f-stop number.
Which f-stops?
Which? Shallow or Great Depth of Field?
• Yuri Bonder
Limited focus.
“Large”opening with a small f-stop number.
Which f-stops?
Which? Shallow or Great Depth of Field?
• Gordon Parks
Limited focus, but recognizable.
“Medium”opening with a medium f-stop number.
Which f-stops?
Depth of Field
Great Depth of Field All of scene in focus Use f22 or f16
Medium Depth of Field Much of scene in focus Use f11, f8, f5.6
Shallow Depth of Field Little of scene in focus Use f4, f2.8, f2
Using the Camera Controls
Creating Depth and
Enhancing Motion
Using the Camera Controls
The aperture controls how much of the scene is in focus.
The shutter speed controls how movement looks in the photograph.
Controlling Motion in a Photo
Use the shutter speed dial to control motion
Faster shutter speeds freeze motion
Slower shutter speeds blur motion
Motion Effects
Stop Action
Motion Blur
Panning
Motion Effects
Stop Action – use fast shutter speed to freeze motion
1/250th of a second is the minimum speed to freeze average motion.
B 1 2 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 500 1000
Stop Action
Stop Action
Stop Action
Stop Action
Fast Shutter speed
At least 250
Frozen Motion
Shoot in bright light
Motion Effects
Motion Blur – use slow shutter speed to blur motion
1/30th of a second is the maximum speed to freeze average motion
USE A TRIPOD so only the subject is blurred
B 1 2 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 500 1000
Motion Blur
Motion Blur
Motion Blur
Slow Shutter Speed
At most 30
Blurry Motion
Use a Tripod
Motion Effects
Panning – use slow shutter speed to blur motion
1/15 or 1/8th of a second produces the best effect, depending on how fast the subject is moving
MOVE THE CAMERA WITH THE SUBJECT so the background is streaked
B 1 2 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 500 1000
Panning
Panning
Panning
Slow Shutter speed
At most 30
Streaked background
Move camera with subject
Controlling Motion in a Photo
Use the shutter speed dial to control motion
Faster shutter speeds freeze motion
Slower shutter speeds blur motion
Using the Camera Controls
Creating Depth and
Enhancing Motion
