Using Sources in your Work: A Tutorial on Avoiding Plagiarism GRADE 11 & 12

Using Sources in your Work:Using Sources in your Work:A Tutorial on Avoiding PlagiarismA Tutorial on Avoiding Plagiarism

GRADE 11 & 12GRADE 11 & 12

NOTE:NOTE:

To move through this tutorial, use the To move through this tutorial, use the mouse to click on the arrow at the mouse to click on the arrow at the

bottom right of your screen.bottom right of your screen.

Agenda for This TutorialAgenda for This Tutorial Pretest your knowledge of plagiarism by Pretest your knowledge of plagiarism by

looking at some sample situations.looking at some sample situations.

Learn more about plagiarism:Learn more about plagiarism:• What plagiarism is and how one can avoid itWhat plagiarism is and how one can avoid it• When to cite your sourcesWhen to cite your sources• How to cite your sourcesHow to cite your sources

Take a quiz to verify your understanding.Take a quiz to verify your understanding.

Pledge that you will avoid plagiarism.Pledge that you will avoid plagiarism.

Definition of PlagiarismDefinition of Plagiarism Plagiarism is:Plagiarism is:

• To steal the words or ideas of another To steal the words or ideas of another personperson

• To pass off the words or ideas of another To pass off the words or ideas of another person as oneperson as one’’s owns own

• It doesnIt doesn’’t matter whether the theft is t matter whether the theft is intentional or accidental. Either way, it intentional or accidental. Either way, it is plagiarism.is plagiarism.

You know this…You know this…dondon’’t you?t you?

Sure you do. Teachers have been Sure you do. Teachers have been talking (and talking, and talking) talking (and talking, and talking) about plagiarism—and how you about plagiarism—and how you should avoid it.should avoid it.

LetLet’’s see what you know about s see what you know about plagiarism. In each of the following plagiarism. In each of the following examples, determine whether the examples, determine whether the student committed plagiarism or not. student committed plagiarism or not.

JackJack’’s Situations SituationJack has an English paper due tomorrow. He Jack has an English paper due tomorrow. He

read the book and paid attention during read the book and paid attention during class, but he has no idea what to write class, but he has no idea what to write about.about.

Jack logs onto the Internet Jack logs onto the Internet ““just to get some just to get some ideas about topics for his paper.ideas about topics for his paper.””

He finds a great idea and begins writing his He finds a great idea and begins writing his paper using the topic he found. He is very paper using the topic he found. He is very careful to avoid copying any text or words careful to avoid copying any text or words from the Internet article he found.from the Internet article he found.

Is this plagiarism? Yes No

You must choose from the blue You must choose from the blue buttons at the bottom of the page.buttons at the bottom of the page.

Read the situation and then choose Read the situation and then choose one of the options presented.one of the options presented.

Click here to return to previous slide

You said…You said…Jack did plagiarize.Jack did plagiarize.

You are right.You are right. Jack Jack’’s actions constitute s actions constitute plagiarism.plagiarism.• By taking the ideas of the source By taking the ideas of the source

without citing them in the paper, Jack is without citing them in the paper, Jack is committing plagiarism.committing plagiarism.

• Even though he put the ideas in his own Even though he put the ideas in his own words, Jack is stealing the intellectual words, Jack is stealing the intellectual property of the source.property of the source.

You are wrong.You are wrong. Jack Jack’’s actions constitute s actions constitute plagiarism.plagiarism.• By taking the ideas of the source without citing By taking the ideas of the source without citing

them in the paper, Jack is committing them in the paper, Jack is committing plagiarism.plagiarism.

• Even though he put the ideas in his own words, Even though he put the ideas in his own words, Jack is stealing the intellectual property of the Jack is stealing the intellectual property of the source. You are wrong. Jacksource. You are wrong. Jack’’s actions s actions constitute plagiarism.constitute plagiarism.

• He could avoid plagiarism if he cites the source He could avoid plagiarism if he cites the source of the ideas in his paper.of the ideas in his paper.

You said…You said…Jack did not plagiarize.Jack did not plagiarize.

JillJill’’s Situations SituationDuring history class, Jill is asked to find During history class, Jill is asked to find

some background on Fidel Castrosome background on Fidel Castro’’s s rise to power. rise to power.

Jill does a Google search and arrives at Jill does a Google search and arrives at WikipediaWikipedia’’s article on Fidel Castro. s article on Fidel Castro. Without using quotation marks, Jill Without using quotation marks, Jill cuts and pastes several sentences cuts and pastes several sentences from Wikipedia into her assignment. from Wikipedia into her assignment.





You said…You said…Jill did plagiarize.Jill did plagiarize.

You are right.You are right. Jill Jill’’s actions constitute s actions constitute plagiarism.plagiarism.• By taking the words from the Wikipedia By taking the words from the Wikipedia

article, Jill is committing plagiarism.article, Jill is committing plagiarism.• She could avoid plagiarizing if she She could avoid plagiarizing if she

quotes the article in her assignment and quotes the article in her assignment and includes an entry describing the source includes an entry describing the source in a bibliography at the end of her in a bibliography at the end of her paper.paper.

You are wrong.You are wrong. Jill Jill’’s actions constitute s actions constitute plagiarism.plagiarism.• By taking the words from the Wikipedia By taking the words from the Wikipedia

article, Jill is committing plagiarism.article, Jill is committing plagiarism.• She could avoid plagiarizing if she She could avoid plagiarizing if she

quotes the article in her assignment and quotes the article in her assignment and includes an entry describing the source includes an entry describing the source in a bibliography at the end of her in a bibliography at the end of her paper.paper.

You said…You said…Jill did not plagiarize.Jill did not plagiarize.

GretelGretel’’s Situations SituationGretel is a freshman who feels Gretel is a freshman who feels

overwhelmed by the high school. overwhelmed by the high school. When her science teacher assigns a When her science teacher assigns a short worksheet on quarks, Gretel is short worksheet on quarks, Gretel is confused and frustrated. confused and frustrated.

During lunch, Gretel During lunch, Gretel ““borrowsborrows”” her her friendfriend’’s paper and copies the s paper and copies the answers onto her own paper.answers onto her own paper.





You said…You said…Gretel did plagiarize.Gretel did plagiarize.

You are right.You are right. Gretel Gretel’’s actions s actions constitute plagiarism.constitute plagiarism.• Even if GretelEven if Gretel’’s friend gave permission s friend gave permission

for Gretel to copy her work, it is still for Gretel to copy her work, it is still plagiarism.plagiarism.

• Gretel is guilty of plagiarism. She tried Gretel is guilty of plagiarism. She tried to take credit for the words and ideas of to take credit for the words and ideas of another person. another person.

You are wrong.You are wrong. Gretel Gretel’’s actions s actions constitute plagiarism.constitute plagiarism.• Even if GretelEven if Gretel’’s friend gave permission s friend gave permission

for Gretel to copy her work, it is still for Gretel to copy her work, it is still plagiarism. plagiarism.

• It is plagiarism when a student tries to It is plagiarism when a student tries to take credit for the words and ideas of take credit for the words and ideas of another person without acknowledging another person without acknowledging the original source of the work.the original source of the work.

You said…You said…Gretel did not plagiarize.Gretel did not plagiarize.

HanselHansel’’s Situations SituationHansel is a senior who has already Hansel is a senior who has already

been accepted to college.been accepted to college.

When his teacher assigns a paper on a When his teacher assigns a paper on a subject that Hansel wrote a paper on subject that Hansel wrote a paper on as a sophomore, Hansel decides to as a sophomore, Hansel decides to turn in his old paper again.turn in his old paper again.





You said…You said…Hansel did plagiarize.Hansel did plagiarize.

This example does not have a clear This example does not have a clear right or wrong answer. right or wrong answer. Although it Although it may not technically be plagiarism, may not technically be plagiarism, HanselHansel’’s reuse of his own paper is s reuse of his own paper is prohibited by the rules of academic prohibited by the rules of academic integrity.integrity.• So, if caught, Hansel would be in trouble So, if caught, Hansel would be in trouble

for his actions.for his actions.

This example does not have a clear This example does not have a clear right or wrong answer. right or wrong answer. Although it Although it may not technically be plagiarism, may not technically be plagiarism, HanselHansel’’s reuse of his own paper is s reuse of his own paper is prohibited by the rules of academic prohibited by the rules of academic integrity.integrity.• So, if caught, Hansel would be in trouble So, if caught, Hansel would be in trouble


You said…You said…Hansel did not plagiarize.Hansel did not plagiarize.

JacobJacob’’s Situations SituationJacob is a sophomore who is creating a Jacob is a sophomore who is creating a

digital story using images from the digital story using images from the internet.internet.

Without giving the source and the Without giving the source and the name of the photographer, Jacob name of the photographer, Jacob uses photographs found doing a uses photographs found doing a Google Image search. Google Image search.





You said…You said…Jacob did plagiarize.Jacob did plagiarize.

Although this is not technically Although this is not technically plagiarism, Jacobplagiarism, Jacob’’s actions are s actions are wrong. wrong. The use of images or The use of images or drawings created by anyone other drawings created by anyone other than you requires citation of the than you requires citation of the artistartist’’s name and the source of the s name and the source of the image. image. • So, if caught, Jacob would be in trouble So, if caught, Jacob would be in trouble


Although this is not technically Although this is not technically plagiarism, Jacobplagiarism, Jacob’’s actions are s actions are wrong. wrong. The use of images or The use of images or drawings created by anyone other drawings created by anyone other than you requires citation of the than you requires citation of the artistartist’’s name and the source of the s name and the source of the image. image. • So, if caught, Jacob would be in trouble So, if caught, Jacob would be in trouble


You said…You said…Jacob did not plagiarize.Jacob did not plagiarize.

How did you do? How did you do?

Just to make sure you know Just to make sure you know what actions are plagiarism, what actions are plagiarism, please read the following…please read the following…

Robert A. Harris, author of Robert A. Harris, author of The Plagiarism HandbookThe Plagiarism Handbook, states that, states that

The following actions are clearly The following actions are clearly examples of plagiarism:examples of plagiarism:

Downloading and submitting a free Downloading and submitting a free paper from a website.paper from a website.

Buying and submitting a paper Buying and submitting a paper purchased from a paper mill.purchased from a paper mill.

Copying verbatim another writerCopying verbatim another writer’’s s work—either in print or online—work—either in print or online—without using quotation marks.without using quotation marks.

Harris continues his description by explaining thatHarris continues his description by explaining that

The actions below are also plagiarism,The actions below are also plagiarism, although many students donalthough many students don’’t realize it:t realize it:

Inadequate paraphrasing, such as merely Inadequate paraphrasing, such as merely substituting synonyms while keeping syntax substituting synonyms while keeping syntax and other aspects the sameand other aspects the same

Rearranging another writerRearranging another writer’’s words or s words or sentencessentences

Using anotherUsing another’’s ideas, facts, or artistic products s ideas, facts, or artistic products without attributionwithout attribution

Using unique phrases from another writerUsing unique phrases from another writer

Copying the organizational or syntactical Copying the organizational or syntactical structure of another writer, even if you change structure of another writer, even if you change the words used.the words used.

Wait, thereWait, there’’s more…s more…According to Harris

These are also plagiarism:These are also plagiarism: Cutting and pasting to create a paper from Cutting and pasting to create a paper from

several sources without citing those sources.several sources without citing those sources.

Quoting less than all the words copied.Quoting less than all the words copied.

Changing some words but copying whole Changing some words but copying whole phrases.phrases.

Paraphrasing without attributionParaphrasing without attribution

Summarizing without attributionSummarizing without attribution

Faking a citationFaking a citation

OK, I get it…there are lots of ways to

plagiarize.

And, yes, I know that it is wrong.

But, if I am not caught,

I won’t be penalized.

So, what is the benefit of citing my sources?

Four good reasons for citing Four good reasons for citing sources in your work:sources in your work:

• Citing reliable information gives credibility to your work.



• Cheating is unethical behavior.




• It is only fair to give credit to the source—otherwise, you are stealing the source’s ideas.




• It is only fair to give credit to the source—otherwise, you are stealing the source’s ideas.

• The consequences are severe—plagiarism is not worth the risk.

OK, fine…

there are reasons to not plagiarize.

But, I’m busy. Very busy.

And school doesn’t matter.

And the assignment is stupid.

And my teacher won’t catch me.

And other kids are doing it.

And I need a good grade.

And it is due tomorrow!

So, what am I supposed to do?

Well, first of all, Well, first of all, you should not fall for those excuses!you should not fall for those excuses!

They are They are excusesexcuses for cheating. for cheating. (By the way, your teachers and principals won(By the way, your teachers and principals won’’t believe that t believe that they are reasonable justification for cheating, either!)they are reasonable justification for cheating, either!)

And it isnAnd it isn’’t hard to avoid plagiarism!t hard to avoid plagiarism!• Just cite the source of any ideas or words you Just cite the source of any ideas or words you

take from anyone else.take from anyone else.• Then, provide a bibliography or Works Cited Then, provide a bibliography or Works Cited

page to show where the borrowed material page to show where the borrowed material originated.originated.

So:So:

(1)(1) What do I need to cite?What do I need to cite?

(2)(2) How do I cite? How do I cite?

Read on for the answers…Read on for the answers…

What do I need to cite?What do I need to cite?

This chart will This chart will help you help you decide what decide what must be cited.must be cited.• It was created by It was created by

Robert A. Harris in Robert A. Harris in The Plagiarism The Plagiarism Handbook.Handbook.

Did youthink of

it?

No.

Yes.

Is itcommon

knowledge?

No.

Yes.

Cite it. Do not cite it.

So—the rule is:So—the rule is:

If you created it If you created it or thought of it,or thought of it,you do not need you do not need to cite the source.to cite the source.

If you did not If you did not create the create the content, you must content, you must cite the source.cite the source.

Did youthink of

it?

No.

Yes.

Is itcommon

knowledge?

No.

Yes.


The one exception to The one exception to that rule is for that rule is for ““common knowledge.common knowledge.””

You do not need to You do not need to cite the source of an cite the source of an unoriginal piece of unoriginal piece of information IF:information IF:

(1) an educated (1) an educated person should know person should know the information, the information,

OR,OR,

(2) it is a fact that (2) it is a fact that could be found in an could be found in an encyclopedia.encyclopedia.

Did youthink of

it?

No.

Yes.

Is itcommon

knowledge?

No.

Yes.


So, you donSo, you don’’t need to cite a fact, t need to cite a fact,

but you must cite the source of opinions but you must cite the source of opinions and ideas that are not your own.and ideas that are not your own.

And, you must cite anytime you use the exact And, you must cite anytime you use the exact words of the source—even if the words are words of the source—even if the words are

presenting common knowledge.presenting common knowledge.

You must always cite the source of ANY direct quotation.You must always cite the source of ANY direct quotation.

So, you donSo, you don’’t need to cite a fact, t need to cite a fact, for example: Rand wrote for example: Rand wrote AnthemAnthem..

OR OR Ayn Rand was born in 1905.Ayn Rand was born in 1905.

but you must cite the source of opinions but you must cite the source of opinions and ideas that are not your own.and ideas that are not your own.

for example: Dorothy Gale believed that for example: Dorothy Gale believed that Anthem Anthem is an inspiring story (75).is an inspiring story (75). OR OR

According to Joe Smith, Equality 7-2521 represents the human spirit (15)According to Joe Smith, Equality 7-2521 represents the human spirit (15)..

And, you must cite anytime you use the exact And, you must cite anytime you use the exact words of the source—even if the words are words of the source—even if the words are

presenting common knowledge.presenting common knowledge.

You must always cite the source of ANY direct quotation.You must always cite the source of ANY direct quotation.

So, letSo, let’’s check to see that you s check to see that you understand when you need to cite understand when you need to cite the source and when you donthe source and when you don’’t…t…

Answer the following questions and Answer the following questions and choose the correct answer.choose the correct answer.

Test Case #1

Jack isnJack isn’’t sure if he needs to cite the source of the t sure if he needs to cite the source of the information below. He found the fact online. information below. He found the fact online.

““Abraham Lincoln was our 16Abraham Lincoln was our 16thth president. president.””

What do you think? What should Jack do? Pick one of What do you think? What should Jack do? Pick one of the answers below.the answers below.

Cite the source.This means he will:(1) Either:

a) Surround with quotation marks, orb) Put the quotation into his own words,

changing the syntax, structure, & organization

(2) Include a lead-in giving the source’s name,

(3) Give the page number, and

(4) List the source in a bibliography

Do not cite thesource.This means that the information is a commonly reported fact. It is generally known and available from many sources.

(1) Jack should verify the information in at least two sources, then

(2) Jack will write the well-knowninformation in his own words.

You must choose one of the You must choose one of the buttons at the bottom of the page.buttons at the bottom of the page.



You are incorrect.You are incorrect.In this case, In this case,

citation is not necessary.citation is not necessary. Jack does not need to cite the source Jack does not need to cite the source

of quote the information because it is of quote the information because it is general knowledge.general knowledge.

Because Abraham LincolnBecause Abraham Lincoln’’s status as s status as the 16the 16thth President of the US is a fact President of the US is a fact that is verifiable in many places, Jack that is verifiable in many places, Jack can use the information without can use the information without citation.citation.

You are correct!You are correct!Jack does not need to cite this Jack does not need to cite this

information.information. Jack does not need to cite the source Jack does not need to cite the source

of quote the information because it is of quote the information because it is general knowledge.general knowledge.

Because Abraham LincolnBecause Abraham Lincoln’’s status as s status as the 16the 16thth President of the US is a fact President of the US is a fact that is verifiable in many places, Jack that is verifiable in many places, Jack can use the information without can use the information without citation.citation.

Test Case #2

In her paper on Affirmative Action, Jill found one source that In her paper on Affirmative Action, Jill found one source that explained that Affirmative Action explained that Affirmative Action ““evens the field of play by evens the field of play by wreaking equity on all players.wreaking equity on all players.””

In her paper, Jill uses the phrase In her paper, Jill uses the phrase ““wreaking equitywreaking equity”” but she puts all but she puts all the other parts of the source into her own words. the other parts of the source into her own words.

What should Jill do? Pick one of the answers below.What should Jill do? Pick one of the answers below.

Cite the source.

This means she will:(1) Either:

a) Surround with quotation marks, orb) Put the quotation into her own words,





Not cite the source.

This means that the information is generally known and available from multiple sources.

(1) Jill should verify the information in at least two sources, then

(2) Jill will write the well-knowninformation in her own words.




You are correct!You are correct!Jill must cite this information.Jill must cite this information.

Jill needs to cite the source of the Jill needs to cite the source of the paraphrase because the idea belongs paraphrase because the idea belongs to the source.to the source.

Further, because Jill uses the unique Further, because Jill uses the unique phrase phrase ““wreaking equity,wreaking equity,”” she must she must include that phrase in quotation include that phrase in quotation marks, indicating that it is a direct marks, indicating that it is a direct quotation from the source.quotation from the source.

You are incorrect.You are incorrect.In this case, citation is necessary.In this case, citation is necessary.

Jill needs to cite the source of the Jill needs to cite the source of the paraphrase because the idea belongs paraphrase because the idea belongs to the source.to the source.

Further, because Jill uses the unique Further, because Jill uses the unique phrase phrase ““wreaking equity,wreaking equity,”” she must she must include that phrase in quotation include that phrase in quotation marks, indicating that it is a direct marks, indicating that it is a direct quotation from the source.quotation from the source.

Test Case #3

Gretel found a very helpful article in an online Gretel found a very helpful article in an online database. She very carefully made sure that she database. She very carefully made sure that she rewrote the content of the article using her own rewrote the content of the article using her own personal style; she changed the authorpersonal style; she changed the author’’s syntax and s syntax and organization so that it fit seamlessly into her paper.organization so that it fit seamlessly into her paper.

What should Gretel do?What should Gretel do?

Cite the source.

This means she will:(1) Either:

a) Surround with quotation marks, orb) Put the quotation into his own words,






This means that the information is generally known and available from multiple sources.

(1) Gretel should verify the information in at least two sources, then

(2) Gretel will write the well-knowninformation in her own words.

(3) Gretel must include a bibliographic citationon her Works Consulted page.




You are correct.You are correct.In this case, citation is required.In this case, citation is required.

Gretel paraphrases the sourceGretel paraphrases the source’’s idea s idea and content. She must give credit to and content. She must give credit to the source.the source.

She must provide her audience with She must provide her audience with the source of the idea that she the source of the idea that she borrowed.borrowed.

You are incorrect!You are incorrect!Gretel must cite the source of this Gretel must cite the source of this

information, even though she put it information, even though she put it in her own words.in her own words.

Gretel paraphrases the ideas of the Gretel paraphrases the ideas of the source, so she must cite the identity source, so she must cite the identity of the source.of the source.

Gretel must provide her audience Gretel must provide her audience with the source of the material that with the source of the material that she borrowed.she borrowed.

Test Case #4

Jacob found a photograph online that shows Jacob found a photograph online that shows the historical period hethe historical period he’’s discussing in his s discussing in his paper. He wrote his own caption and placed paper. He wrote his own caption and placed the image on the title page. the image on the title page.

What should Jacob do?What should Jacob do?

Cite the source.

This means he will:Either:

a) Put the artist’s name and source directly beneath the image, or

b) List the source in a bibliography


This means that the image was something that Jacob created without manipulating other people’s works.




You are correct.You are correct.In this case, citation is required.In this case, citation is required.

Jacob uses somebody elseJacob uses somebody else’’s creation; s creation; therefore, he must give credit to the therefore, he must give credit to the source. source.

He must provide his readers with the He must provide his readers with the artistartist’’s name and the source of the s name and the source of the image that he borrowed.image that he borrowed.

You are incorrect!You are incorrect!Jacob must cite the source of this Jacob must cite the source of this

image.image.

The image is not the creative The image is not the creative property of Jacob. Therefore, he property of Jacob. Therefore, he must cite the identity of the creator must cite the identity of the creator and the source where he found the and the source where he found the image.image.

So, now you can identify So, now you can identify what must have a citation…what must have a citation…

Now you need to know Now you need to know how to use and cite a how to use and cite a

source!source!

How to Cite a SourceHow to Cite a Source ItIt’’s easy. Just provide your audience with s easy. Just provide your audience with

the source of any ideas or words that are the source of any ideas or words that are not your own. not your own.

• First, carefully mark the beginning and end of First, carefully mark the beginning and end of the sourcethe source’’s words or idea.s words or idea.

• Then, provide a bibliography to show where the Then, provide a bibliography to show where the borrowed material originated.borrowed material originated.

In fact, listing your sources shows your In fact, listing your sources shows your audience that you are an informed, well-audience that you are an informed, well-researched writer!researched writer!

How to Cite Direct QuotationsHow to Cite Direct Quotations Provide a bibliographic entry to show where the Provide a bibliographic entry to show where the

borrowed material originated.borrowed material originated. Park, Beth L. Park, Beth L. Understanding Ayn RandUnderstanding Ayn Rand’’s s AnthemAnthem. . Lebo Lebo

University Press: Pittsburgh, PA, 2008. University Press: Pittsburgh, PA, 2008.

Carefully mark the beginning and end of the Carefully mark the beginning and end of the sourcesource’’s words or idea.s words or idea.• Use a Use a lead-inlead-in to introduce the source to introduce the source• Use Use quotation marksquotation marks to surround the words of the source to surround the words of the source• Provide Provide the page numberthe page number (or another citation) after the (or another citation) after the

closing quotation marks.closing quotation marks.

• EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: According to literary critic Beth L. Parks, Equality 7-2521 finds

peace through “his search for the height of his own potential” (24).

How to Cite ParaphrasesHow to Cite Paraphrases Provide a bibliographic entry to show where the borrowed Provide a bibliographic entry to show where the borrowed

material originated.material originated. Park, Beth L. Park, Beth L. Understanding Ayn RandUnderstanding Ayn Rand’’s s AnthemAnthem. . Lebo University Lebo University

Press: Pittsburgh, PA, 2008. Press: Pittsburgh, PA, 2008.

Carefully mark the beginning and end of the sourceCarefully mark the beginning and end of the source’’s material.s material.• Use a Use a lead-inlead-in to introduce the source to introduce the source• Put the sourcePut the source’’s original words into your own words:s original words into your own words:

It isnIt isn’’t just about using synonyms to replace words.t just about using synonyms to replace words. You must change the syntax, sentence structure, & organization of the You must change the syntax, sentence structure, & organization of the

original. original. • If you find yourself just changing a word here or there, ask yourself if a If you find yourself just changing a word here or there, ask yourself if a

direct quotation would work. If it would work, then use a direct quotation.)direct quotation would work. If it would work, then use a direct quotation.)• Provide Provide the page numberthe page number (or another citation) after the closing (or another citation) after the closing

quotation marks. quotation marks.

• EXAMPLE: According to literary critic Beth L. Parks, Equality 7-2521 separates

himself from the society by striving to improve the world around him (24).

It can be said in a bunch of It can be said in a bunch of different ways…different ways…

Mark the

boundaries


Mark the

boundaries

Bracket the

borrowed


Mark the

boundariesFence the borders

Bracket the

borrowed


Mark the

boundaries

Enclose the borrowed

Fence the borders

Bracket the

borrowed


Mark the

boundaries

Frame theusage


Fence the borders

Bracket the

borrowed


Mark the

boundaries

Frame theusage


Fence the borders

Circumscribe the usage

Bracket the

borrowed

But, they all mean the same thing…Provide a clear indication

of any words or ideas that are not your own.


Mark the

boundaries

Frame theusage


Fence the borders

Circumscribe the usage

Bracket the

borrowed

Can you identify plagiarism Can you identify plagiarism when you see it?when you see it?

Try the following four examples. On Try the following four examples. On each you will see the source material each you will see the source material and the studentand the student’’s usage of that s usage of that material.material.

Use the buttons at the bottom of the Use the buttons at the bottom of the screen to choose if the example screen to choose if the example shows acceptable use or plagiarism.shows acceptable use or plagiarism.

Acceptable Use or Plagiarism?Acceptable Use or Plagiarism?Example 1Example 1

Original source text:Original source text:StudentStudent’’s Text:s Text:

StudentStudent’’s Bibliography:s Bibliography:

Voters in Pennsylvania believed that the Republican nominee, Barbara Hafer, opposed abortion rights, but the Democratic governor, Robert Casey, favored a right to abortion. But the reverse was true, even though Democrats are more likely to be “pro-choice”. “In general” doesn’t apply to “this specific.”

No references given.

In 1990, voters in Pennsylvania were disposed to believe that the Republican nominee, Barbara Hafer, opposed abortion rights, and that the incumbent Democratic governor, Robert Casey, favored a right to abortion: the reverse was true. In general, Democrats are more likely to be “pro-choice” and Republicans “pro-life,” but not in this case. A good rule is “in general” doesn’t necessarily

apply to “this specific.”

Brooks Jackson and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Unspun: Finding Facts in a World of Disinformation. (73)

Acceptable Use PlagiarismCHOOSE ONE:




You said that the example showed You said that the example showed Acceptable UseAcceptable Use

You are incorrect.You are incorrect. Use the arrow at the bottom of this Use the arrow at the bottom of this

screen to screen to return to the examplereturn to the example..

Reread the example and see if you Reread the example and see if you can determine why it is plagiarism. can determine why it is plagiarism.

You said that the example showed You said that the example showed PlagiarismPlagiarism

You are correct!You are correct!

The paraphrase was inadequate and the The paraphrase was inadequate and the student did not give credit to the source student did not give credit to the source of the idea by having a citation. of the idea by having a citation.

To adequately paraphrase, the student To adequately paraphrase, the student must change the words and the must change the words and the sentence structure.sentence structure.

Acceptable Use or Plagiarism? Acceptable Use or Plagiarism? Example 2Example 2

Original source: Original source: StudentStudent’’s Text:s Text:


Psychologists investigated how fans interpreted a violent game between Princeton and Dartmouth and found that, although a Dartmouth player was the seriously injured only after a Princeton player was, the majority of Dartmouth fans believed Princeton started the roughness.

Brooks Jackson and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Unspun: Finding Facts in a World of Disinformation. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2007.

In 1954, Albert Hastorf and Hadley Cantril published a classic study about how a Princeton and Dartmouth football fans saw a penalty-ridden game in which the Princeton quarterback was taken off the field with a broken nose and a mild concussion and a Dartmouth player later suffered a broken leg. They found that 86 percent of the Princeton students said that Dartmouth started the rough play, but only 36 percent of the Dartmouth students saw it that way.

Brooks Jackson and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Unspun: Finding Facts in a World of Disinformation. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2007. (74)






You are incorrect!You are incorrect!

Use the arrow at the bottom of this Use the arrow at the bottom of this screen to screen to return to the examplereturn to the example..

Reread the example and see if you Reread the example and see if you can determine why it is plagiarism. can determine why it is plagiarism.


You are correct!You are correct! This example is plagiarism because the This example is plagiarism because the

student neglected to include a parenthetical student neglected to include a parenthetical reference in the text of the paper.reference in the text of the paper.• She correctly marks the opening boundary of the She correctly marks the opening boundary of the

paraphrase with her phrase paraphrase with her phrase ““Psychologists Psychologists investigated…investigated…””

• However, she does not provide the closing However, she does not provide the closing boundary by giving a parenthetical reference to boundary by giving a parenthetical reference to the source material: the source material: ““…started the roughness…started the roughness”” (Brooks, 74). (Brooks, 74).

Acceptable Use or Plagiarism? Acceptable Use or Plagiarism? Example 3Example 3

Original text from Original text from the source:the source:

StudentStudent’’s Text:s Text:


A psychology professor in California researched the theory that if people were provided a reason to do something, they would be more likely to do it. At a bake sale, he tried to sell cookies by asking “Would you like to buy a cookie?” and later asked “Would you like to buy a cookie? It’s for a good cause.” When he provided a reason for the sale, people were six times more like to buy a cookie – even though they didn’t know what cause was benefitting (80).

Brooks Jackson and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Unspun: Finding Facts in a World of Disinformation. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2007.

Robert Levine, a psychology professor at California State University, Fresno, tried different pitches during a campus bake sale. Asking “Would you like to buy a cookie?” resulted in purchases by only two out of thirty passersby. But his researchers sold six times as many cookies when they asked, “Would you like to buy a cookie? It’s for a good cause.” And none even bothered to ask what the good cause was.

Brooks Jackson and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Unspun: Finding Facts in a World of Disinformation. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2007. (80)






You are correct!You are correct! The student adequately paraphrases The student adequately paraphrases

by changing the words and the by changing the words and the syntax. He provides the source in his syntax. He provides the source in his bibliography. bibliography.


You are incorrect!You are incorrect! Use the arrow at the bottom of this Use the arrow at the bottom of this

screen to screen to return to the examplereturn to the example..

Reread the example and see if you Reread the example and see if you can determine why it is fair use.can determine why it is fair use.

So, to review…So, to review… Plagiarism is a serious offense. Not Plagiarism is a serious offense. Not

only does it carry heavy penalties, only does it carry heavy penalties, but your integrity is damaged when but your integrity is damaged when you plagiarize.you plagiarize.

Plagiarism is easily avoidable—just Plagiarism is easily avoidable—just cite the sources when you use the cite the sources when you use the words or ideas of another person.words or ideas of another person.

If you have any questions, see your If you have any questions, see your teacher or school librarian!teacher or school librarian!

Final Directions:Final Directions:

Your teacher has a written quiz for you to Your teacher has a written quiz for you to take on the subject of plagiarism.take on the subject of plagiarism.

Your teacher also has a honor code sheet. Your teacher also has a honor code sheet. You will sign it in order to verify that you You will sign it in order to verify that you have receive this training.have receive this training.

You will then have your parent sign the You will then have your parent sign the honor code.honor code.

Your teacher will collect these signed Your teacher will collect these signed forms.forms.

Sources ConsultedSources Consulted

DeSena, Laura Hennessey. DeSena, Laura Hennessey. Preventing Plagiarism: Preventing Plagiarism: Tips and Techniques.Tips and Techniques. National Council of National Council of Teachers of English: Urbana, IL, 2007.Teachers of English: Urbana, IL, 2007.

Harris, Robert A. Harris, Robert A. The Plagiarism Handbook: The Plagiarism Handbook: Strategies for Preventing, Detecting, and Dealing Strategies for Preventing, Detecting, and Dealing with Plagiarism.with Plagiarism. Pyrczak Publishing: Los Angeles, Pyrczak Publishing: Los Angeles, 2001.2001.

Valenza, Joyce Kasman. Valenza, Joyce Kasman. ““What is Plagiarism? (And What is Plagiarism? (And Why You Should Care).Why You Should Care).”” Springfield High School Springfield High School Media Center Information Literacy LessonsMedia Center Information Literacy Lessons. . Springfield School District. Springfield School District.

If you have questions or suggestions, If you have questions or suggestions, please see your teacher or library please see your teacher or library media specialists. media specialists.

Presentation created by: Ms. Michelle Presentation created by: Ms. Michelle Kramer ([email protected]) & Kramer ([email protected]) & Mrs. Miller ([email protected])Mrs. Miller ([email protected])

Documents

Using Sources in your Work: A Tutorial on Avoiding Plagiarism GRADE 11 & 12